急救培训(英文板)

TREATMENT
• • • • • Dress any wounds Immobilize the dislocation so that You prevent further damage You lessen pain You can easily carry the patient to hospital
FRACTURE
• • • • • This is the break in the bone TYPES Closed fracture (simple fracture) Open fracture (compound fracture) All these fractures can become complicated when the bone breaks and damages other vital organs
FIRST AID
•
This is the first help/assistance given to a person who is sick / injured before medical help is obtained
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ Treatment
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF RESCUSCITATION DRABC D is Danger /safety R is Response A is for airways (mouth and nose) B is for breathing (chest expansion) C is for circulation (check for the pulse)
TYPES OF BLEEDING
• There are two types of bleeding • External bleeding (outside bleeding) • Internal bleeding (inside bleeding)
TYPES OF BLEEDING
On internal bleeding we have what is called concealed and revealed bleeding. Concealed bleeding is very dangerous because the patient may die if not taken to the hospital in time.
Arterial Bleeding Bleeding through the artery, blood will come out with pressure and it will be bright red in color because it is rich in oxygen. Capillary Bleeding Bleeding through the capillary, the blood will ooze out and can stop on its own. The blood will look dark.
• Flat bones – skull, ribs, pelvis (these are for protection) • Irregular bones – vertebrae (backbone) (26 of them)
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
• The central nervous system controls all voluntary activities and is made up of: • The brain • Greater brain: for consciousness e.g.
TREATMENT
• Do not try to straighten it • Check. D R A B C • Immobilize just as it is found and take the patient to the hospital • Stop bleeding if any • Take support
WOUNDS
• This is a cut or break in the skin • TYPES • Contused wound (the tissues are burst open by blunt force e.g. a hammer)
WOUNDS
• Lacerated wound (the tissues are torn apart by rough surfaces) • Incised wound (these are clean cut wounds using a knife or razor blade) • Punctured wound (these are deep cuts e.g. bullet wound, a nail straight into the skin)
• Stop bleeding • Using direct pressure • Using digital points • Using a tourniquet • Wash your hands (wear surgical gloves)
TREATMENT
• • • • Expose the wound Apply temporary dressing to prevent infections Clean the area away and around the wound Apply a permanent dressing and a pressure bandage • We do this in order to stop infections and bleeding • Send the patient to the hospital
BLEEDING / HEMORRHAGE
• • • • • • • Bleeding is the loss of blood from the body Blood is made up of two things Plasma – fluid Cells; Red blood cells carrying oxygen White blood cells to fight against infections Platelets which help with clotting
ORGANS OF CIRCULATION AND KINDS OF BLEEDING
Heart – to pump blood and has four chambers
Blood vessels Arteries – to carry blood away from the heart Capillaries – to circulate blood around the body Veins – to carry blood back to the heart
DANGERS OF WOUNDS
• Loss of blood •
There could be internal bleeding
• Infections : • • parts
The object may transmit infections Damage to internal
TREATMENT
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• • • • P.I.D.A.C.I.S.S.S Pain Inability Deformity
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• • • • • • Abnormal movement Creptus Irregularity Swelling and discoloration Shock due to pain and loss of blood Shortening
TREATMENT
»Check. D R A B C »Stop bleeding if any »Take support »Dress any wounds »Immobilize the fracture so that » You prevent further damage » You lessen pain » You can easily carry the patient to hospital
• This is the framework of the body; it’s made up of 206 bones. • TYPES • Long bones – arms and legs • Hand and foot (27 bones on the hand)
SKELETON
MUSCLES
• It is the red flesh of the body, which carries 50% of the total weight of the body. • TYPES • Voluntary muscles – those that are controlled by the will e.g. walking, running, stopping, smiling, laughing etc. • Involuntary muscles – those that are controlled automatically e.g. breathing, blinking of the eye
THREE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF FIRST AID
1. Diagnosis History (Find out what happened, when, where and how) Signs (Physical features you can see on the patient, wound, vomiting, swelling, bleeding) Symptoms (things felt by the patient, pain, discomfort, dizziness etc)
2. Treatment Preserve life Prevent condition getting worse Promote recovery 3. Disposal Sending the patient to the hospital or any medical center
SKELETON
FRACTURE
• CAUSES • Direct violence (bone breaks directly where force is applied) • Transmitted violence (bone breaks away from where force is applied) • Muscular action (this is causes by the pulling of muscles) • Diseases of the bone
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
• The lesser brain: for balancing • Brain stem: for autonomic nervous system e.g. breathing • The spinal cord to conduct impulses to and from the brain • Nerves to transport impulses to and from the spinal cord
DISLOCATION
• This is the displacement of the bone at a joint
• • • • • • • • TYPES Closed Open SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Severe pain Deformity Swelling Fixation (no movement) at a joint