恶性高热PPT[优选版]
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Typical order of appearance of clinical signs of malignant hyperthermia
高血钾
死亡 (MOF,
DIC)
Typical order of appearance of clinical signs of malignant hyperthermia
体温迅速升高
注意:禁用生理盐水或葡萄糖溶液溶解丹曲林)
当接受的手术会涉及到内皮表面时(胃肠道、泌尿生殖道等),患者就特别易于发生发热,这可能是由一过性的菌血症引起,或是由麻醉剂和/或手术毒
Masseter spasm
Ventricular fibrillation
恶性高热
概述
• 恶性高热(Malignant Hyperthermia,MH)是一个基因性临床病理综合征,患者平时无异 常表现,在全麻过程中接触挥发性吸入麻醉药和去极化肌松药(琥珀酰胆碱)后出现骨骼 肌强直性收缩,产生大量能量,导致体温持续快速增高,在没有特异性治疗药物的情况下, 一般的临床降温措施难以控制体温的增高,最终可导致患者死亡。
• 在一般人群中,预计MH发作的发生率为每100,000次麻醉剂给予1例
Exposure of an individual who has a genetic susceptibility (ryanodine receptor [RYR1] or dihydropyridine receptor [DHP] mutation) to an anesthetic triggering agent (ie, volatile inhalational anesthetic agent, succinylcholine, or both) may result in malignant hyperthermia. This reaction is caused by an altered calcium balance between the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and the sarcoplasm. Normally, muscle cell depolarization is sensed by the DHP receptor, which is thought to signal RYR1 opening by a direct physical connection. In malignant hyperthermia, accumulation of abnormally high levels of calcium in the sarcoplasm causes uncontrolled anaerobic and aerobic metabolism and sustained muscle cell contraction. This results in the clinical manifestations of respiratory acidosis, metabolic acidosis, muscle rigidity, and hyperthermia. If the process continues unabated, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion eventually causes widespread muscle fiber hypoxia (cell death, rhabdomyolysis), which manifests clinically as hyperkalemia and myoglobinuria and an increase in creatine kinase. Dantrolene sodium binds to RYR1, causing it to favor the closed state, thereby reversing the uninhibited flow of calcium into the sarcoplasm.
诱发药物
肌细胞浆内钙离
静脉注射丹曲林首剂量,随骨后骼再静肌脉细内胞单次膜快速给予1mg/kg,并重复该剂量直到急性MH的体征消退。
根Sin据us病ta情ch发yc展ar,dia每4-6小时静注发或育静缺滴追陷加丹曲林1mg/kg
子浓度迅速增高,
在全身麻醉下,甲状腺危象的精神状态改变和胃肠道症状并不明显。 使肌肉挛缩
Larach MG, Gronert GA, Allen GC, et al. Clinical presentation, treatment, and complications of malignant hyperthermia in North America from 1987 to 2006. Anesth Analg ; 110:498.
发病机制
Ventricular tachycardia
麻醉/镇痛不充分–麻醉/镇痛不足的患者可出现心动过速、高血压和引起低碳酸血症的呼吸过速(在自主呼吸的产患热者急中)剧,但增不加会,出现肌肉体征(全身肌肉强直、咬肌痉挛、横纹肌溶解
和高钾血症)和高碳酸血症。
产热急剧增加,体温迅速升高 致热原污染物–静脉溶液被致热源性污染物污染可导致发热。
麻醉/镇痛不充分–麻醉/镇痛不足的患者可出现心动过速、高血压和引起低碳酸血症的呼吸过速(在自主呼吸的患低者中血),氧但不会出现肌肉体征(全身肌肉强直、咬肌痉挛、横纹肌溶解
和高钾血症)和高碳酸血症。
①停用诱发药物
室性心动过速/心室颤动
但甲状腺危象患者不会存在肌肉体征(全身强直、咬肌痉挛、横纹肌溶解和高血钾)。
心律失常
诱发药物
• 吸入麻醉药:乙醚、氟烷、安氟烷、异氟烷、地氟烷和七氟烷。 • 去极化肌松药:琥珀胆碱 • 其它有过报道的药物:氯胺酮、利多卡因和氟哌啶醇。
高血钾
死亡 (MOF,
DIC)
Typical order of appearance of clinical signs of malignant hyperthermia
体温迅速升高
注意:禁用生理盐水或葡萄糖溶液溶解丹曲林)
当接受的手术会涉及到内皮表面时(胃肠道、泌尿生殖道等),患者就特别易于发生发热,这可能是由一过性的菌血症引起,或是由麻醉剂和/或手术毒
Masseter spasm
Ventricular fibrillation
恶性高热
概述
• 恶性高热(Malignant Hyperthermia,MH)是一个基因性临床病理综合征,患者平时无异 常表现,在全麻过程中接触挥发性吸入麻醉药和去极化肌松药(琥珀酰胆碱)后出现骨骼 肌强直性收缩,产生大量能量,导致体温持续快速增高,在没有特异性治疗药物的情况下, 一般的临床降温措施难以控制体温的增高,最终可导致患者死亡。
• 在一般人群中,预计MH发作的发生率为每100,000次麻醉剂给予1例
Exposure of an individual who has a genetic susceptibility (ryanodine receptor [RYR1] or dihydropyridine receptor [DHP] mutation) to an anesthetic triggering agent (ie, volatile inhalational anesthetic agent, succinylcholine, or both) may result in malignant hyperthermia. This reaction is caused by an altered calcium balance between the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and the sarcoplasm. Normally, muscle cell depolarization is sensed by the DHP receptor, which is thought to signal RYR1 opening by a direct physical connection. In malignant hyperthermia, accumulation of abnormally high levels of calcium in the sarcoplasm causes uncontrolled anaerobic and aerobic metabolism and sustained muscle cell contraction. This results in the clinical manifestations of respiratory acidosis, metabolic acidosis, muscle rigidity, and hyperthermia. If the process continues unabated, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion eventually causes widespread muscle fiber hypoxia (cell death, rhabdomyolysis), which manifests clinically as hyperkalemia and myoglobinuria and an increase in creatine kinase. Dantrolene sodium binds to RYR1, causing it to favor the closed state, thereby reversing the uninhibited flow of calcium into the sarcoplasm.
诱发药物
肌细胞浆内钙离
静脉注射丹曲林首剂量,随骨后骼再静肌脉细内胞单次膜快速给予1mg/kg,并重复该剂量直到急性MH的体征消退。
根Sin据us病ta情ch发yc展ar,dia每4-6小时静注发或育静缺滴追陷加丹曲林1mg/kg
子浓度迅速增高,
在全身麻醉下,甲状腺危象的精神状态改变和胃肠道症状并不明显。 使肌肉挛缩
Larach MG, Gronert GA, Allen GC, et al. Clinical presentation, treatment, and complications of malignant hyperthermia in North America from 1987 to 2006. Anesth Analg ; 110:498.
发病机制
Ventricular tachycardia
麻醉/镇痛不充分–麻醉/镇痛不足的患者可出现心动过速、高血压和引起低碳酸血症的呼吸过速(在自主呼吸的产患热者急中)剧,但增不加会,出现肌肉体征(全身肌肉强直、咬肌痉挛、横纹肌溶解
和高钾血症)和高碳酸血症。
产热急剧增加,体温迅速升高 致热原污染物–静脉溶液被致热源性污染物污染可导致发热。
麻醉/镇痛不充分–麻醉/镇痛不足的患者可出现心动过速、高血压和引起低碳酸血症的呼吸过速(在自主呼吸的患低者中血),氧但不会出现肌肉体征(全身肌肉强直、咬肌痉挛、横纹肌溶解
和高钾血症)和高碳酸血症。
①停用诱发药物
室性心动过速/心室颤动
但甲状腺危象患者不会存在肌肉体征(全身强直、咬肌痉挛、横纹肌溶解和高血钾)。
心律失常
诱发药物
• 吸入麻醉药:乙醚、氟烷、安氟烷、异氟烷、地氟烷和七氟烷。 • 去极化肌松药:琥珀胆碱 • 其它有过报道的药物:氯胺酮、利多卡因和氟哌啶醇。