合同标的物灭失的例子

合同标的物灭失的例子
英文回答：
1. Extinction of the Subject Matter of a Contract.
Extinction of the subject matter of a contract occurs when the subject matter is destroyed, damaged, or otherwise rendered impossible to perform. This can occur due to events such as natural disasters, acts of war, or simply the passage of time.
For example, if a contract is entered into for the sale of a specific car, and the car is subsequently destroyed in an accident before the sale can be completed, the contract is automatically extinguished. This is because the subject matter of the contract (the car) no longer exists.
2. Examples of Extinction of the Subject Matter.
There are many different ways in which the subject
matter of a contract can be extinguished. Some common examples include:
Destruction: The subject matter is physically destroyed, such as in the case of a car being destroyed in an accident.
Damage: The subject matter is damaged to the point where it is no longer fit for its intended purpose, such as in the case of a painting being damaged beyond repair.
Impossibility: The subject matter becomes impossible to perform, such as in the case of a contract to build a bridge over a river that is subsequently diverted.
Obsolescence: The subject matter becomes obsolete, such as in the case of a contract to manufacture a type of computer that is no longer in demand.
3. Legal Consequences of Extinction.
When the subject matter of a contract is extinguished,
the contract is automatically terminated. This means that the parties are no longer obligated to perform their respective obligations under the contract. However, the parties may still be entitled to certain remedies, such as damages for breach of contract.
中文回答：
1. 合同标的物的灭失。

合同标的物的灭失是指合同标的物被毁损、灭失或者丧失履行可能性的情形。

这可能是由于自然灾害、战争行为或时间的推移等事件造成的。

例如，如果签订了一份买卖特定汽车的合同，但在交易完成之前汽车在事故中被毁，那么合同将自动失效。

这是因为合同标的物（汽车）已不复存在。

2. 合同标的物灭失的例子。

合同标的物灭失有许多不同的方式。

一些常见的例子包括：
毁损，标的物被物理毁坏，如汽车在事故中被毁。

损坏，标的物损坏到无法再用于其预期目的，例如一幅画被损坏到无法修复。

不可抗力，标的物变得无法履行，例如，在河流上建造桥梁的合同，而河流后来被改道。

过时，标的物变得过时，例如，制造不再需求的计算机类型的合同。

3. 灭失的法律后果。

当合同标的物灭失时，合同自动终止。

这意味着双方不再履行合同项下的各自义务。

但是，当事人仍可能享有某些救济，例如因违约造成的损害赔偿。