人教版高中英语必修5:Unit 1 Great scientists(1)
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• Cholera can be mild or even without symptoms, but a severe case can lead to death without immediate treatment.
Do you know this person?
• John Snow ( 1813~ 1858)
• Avoid areas of insect infestation.
What do you know about cholera?
Cholera is the illness caused by a bacterium called Varian cholera. If it infects people’s intestines (肠), it may cause diarrhea, vomiting and leg cramps (抽筋). The most common cause of cholera is by eating food or drinking water that has been polluted by the bacteria.
Para. 7 The water was to blame. The source of
all drinking water should be examined to make sure it is safe.
Answer the questions.
Who defeats “King Cholera“? What happened in 1854? How many people died in 10 days in
Marie Curie源自He invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities.
Thomas Edison
He was a famous artist. He used to study dead people in order to make his paintings as accurate as possible.
Do you know their names?
Let’s learn about some scientists.
Archimedes He was an ancient Greek mathematician. He found if you put an object into water, the water pushes it up.
He wrote The Origin of Species. It explained how animals and plants developed as the environment changed.
Charles Darwin
He improved the first steam pump built by Thomas Savery and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines. Later James Watt turned it into the first modern steam engine used on the railways.
modest prudent steadfast devoted wise conscientious hard-working
How do the scientists usually do scientific research?
The process
Find a problem
THINK
Make a question Think of a method
Find a problem Para. 1 What causes cholera?
Para. 2
Make a question Which theory is correct?
Think of a method Para. 3 Collect data on those who were ill
• Be aware of what you eat, and be careful how you prepare it.
• Use antibiotics exactly as prescribed. • Be cautious around all wild and domestic
animals that are not familiar to you.
Cholera outbreak hit London. 3. How many people died in 10 days in
London in 1854? 500.
4. Why was there no death at No. 20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No. 8 and 9 Cambridge Street at that time?
• a legendary figure in the history of public health, epidemiology (流行 病学) and anesthesiology (麻 醉学)
John Snow is considered to be one of the fathers of epidemiology, because of his work in tracing the source of a cholera outbreak in Soho, England, in 1854.
D. How John Snow collected, analyzed data and found the cause of the disease and solved it .
Careful reading
Use the seven stages in setting out a new scientific idea to describe each paragraph.
London in 1854? Why was there no death at No. 20
and 21 Broad Street as well as at No. 8 and 9 Cambridge Street?
1. Who defeats “King Cholera“?
John Snow. 2. What happened in 1854?
Leonardo da Vinci
He developed a safety lamp for miners in 1815. It made working conditions underground much safer.
Sir Humphry Davy
Zhang Heng
He invented the first seismograph to indicate the direction of an earthquake.
These families had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.
Number these events in the order they happened.
_2__ John Snow began to test two theories. _1__ An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854. _4__ John Snow marked the deaths on a map. _7__ He announced that the water carried the disease. _3__ John Snow investigated two streets where the
Para. 5 Analyse the water to see if that is the
cause of the illness.
Find supporting evidence
Para. 6 Find other evidence to support the
analysis.
Draw a conclusion
Stephen Harking
He put forward a theory about black holes.
father of optical fibers
winning the Nobel Prize in Physics on October 6, 2009
Gao Kun
What qualities do you think these scientists have in common?
What infectious diseases do you know about?
foot-and-mouth disease
How to prevent infectious diseases?
• Wash your hands often, especially during cold and flu season.
Unit 1 Great scientists
Warming up and reading
The work of scientists makes life much easier and more comfortable. They make great contribution to social development.
Para 1 Para 2 Para 3 Para 4 Para 5 Para 6 Para 7
find a problem make up a question think of a method collect results analyse the results find supporting evidence draw a conclusion
Fast reading
What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.
B.The cause of Cholera was polluted water.
C. The source of all drinking water should be examined.
WORK
Collect results Analyse the results
FIND
Find supporting evidence Draw a conclusion
SOLVE
An infectious disease is a disease caused by bacterial, viral, fungal, or protozoan infection. Though some infectious diseases don’t spread, others may be transmitted from animal to person (bird flu and cat scratch disease) or from person to person (MRSA, HIV, and other STDs).
or died and where they got their water.
Collect results
Para. 4 Plot information on a map to find out
where people died or did not die.
Analyse the results
Thomas Newcomen
He used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children.
Gregory Mendel
She discovered radium in 1898. She received two Nobel Prizes, one for physics and one for chemistry.