选择性必修第四册 Unit 2 Understanding each other(学生版)

1．encode v t.把……编码；把……译成电码(或密码)
2．mail n．电子邮件；邮政；邮件
3．decode v t.解(码)，破译(尤指密码)
4．feedback n．反馈的意见(或信息)
5．obtain v t.获得，赢得
6．enterprise n．公司，企业；规划，事业
7．straightforward adj.坦诚的；简单的
8．friction n．争执；摩擦；摩擦力
9．clarify v t.使更清晰易懂，阐明
10．knowledgeable adj.博学的，有见识的
11．tone n．语气，腔调；风格，特色
12．gain v t.& v i.获得；增进，增长；(从……中)受益n．好处，利益13．gesture n．手势，姿势；姿态，表示v t.& v i.做手势，用手势表示14．precisely ad v.准确地，恰好地；细心地；正是，确实15．vocabulary n．词汇，词汇量
16．jam n．果酱；拥挤，堵塞
17．somewhat ad v.有点，有几分，稍微
18．taboo n．禁忌，忌讳；禁止，避讳
19．kindergarten n．幼儿园
20．accent n．口音，腔调；重音；着重点，强调v t.着重，强调，突出21．handwriting n．手写，书写；笔迹，书法
22．cooperate v i.合作，协作；配合
23．cite v t.提及，列举；引用，引述
24．tofu n．豆腐
25．bacon n．咸猪肉，熏猪肉
26．tank n．坦克；(装液体的)罐
27．golf n．高尔夫球运动
28．integrate v t.& v i.(使)合并；(使)加入
integrate A into/with B 把A和B合并在一起
integrate into/with...加入/融入……
29．bilingual adj.会说两种语言的；用两种语言(写)的
30．kung fu n．功夫
31．intervention n．干涉行为，干预
32．pure adj.纯净的；完全的
33．tribe n．部落
34．Germanic adj.日耳曼语的；德国的
35．linguist n．语言学家；通晓数国语言的人
36．skateboard n．滑板
37．canteen n．食堂，餐厅
38．sincerely ad v.真诚地，诚实地
39．fence n．栅栏，篱笆
40．contest n．比赛，竞赛；争夺，竞争v t.争取赢得；争辩，就……提出异议
41．gentle adj.温柔的；温和的；柔和的→gently ad v.温柔地；温和地；文静地42．competent adj.足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的→competence n．能力；胜任；本领·be competent in sth胜任/有能力做某事
·competence in (doing) sth做某事/某方面的能力
43．suit v t.满足需要；相配，合身n．套装，西装，西服→suitable adj.适合的；适宜的44．negotiate v i.& v t.谈判；商定，达成(协议)→negotiation n．谈判；磋商
·negotiate with sb about sth＝negotiate sth with sb与某人协商某事
·under negotiation在协商中；在谈判中
45．fold v t.折叠，对折；包，裹n．褶，褶层，折叠部分→unfold v t.打开；呈现46．empathy n．同感，共鸣，同情→empathize v i.有同感，产生共鸣
47．preference n．偏爱；偏爱的事物→prefer v t.更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物) 48．embarrassed adj.窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的→embarrass v t.使窘迫，使尴尬；使困惑；使为难→embarrassment n．窘迫，难堪；使人为难的人或事物；拮据
49．intention n．计划，意图→intend v t.计划；打算
50．tolerate v t.容许；容忍→tolerance n．忍耐；容忍→tolerant adj.忍耐的
51．recite v t.吟诵；列举→recitation n．朗诵；朗读
52．fluent adj.(尤指外语)流利的，熟练的→fluently ad v.流利地；流畅地→fluency n．流利；流畅
be fluent in...在……方面很流畅/流利
53．oppose v t.反对，抵制；与……对垒→opposed adj.反对的；对立的→opposition n．反对，反抗
54．reject v t.拒绝接受，不予考虑；不录用；排斥，排异→rejection n．抛弃；拒绝；被抛弃的东西
55．pessimistic adj.悲观的，悲观主义的→pessimism n．悲观，悲观情绪；悲观主义56．tendency n．趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好→tend v i.& v t.趋向；易于；照顾
57．slip v i.滑倒；滑落；溜；陷入n．差错；纸条；滑跤→slippery adj.滑的；狡猾的；不稳定的
slip over 滑倒；滑跤
slip into/out of...溜进/出……
Sth slip one’s mind ……被遗忘
58．put yourself in sb’s shoes处于某人的境地，设身处地
59．account for sth 是……的说明(或原因)；(数量上、比例上)占
60．broaden one’s mind 拓宽视野，开阔眼界
61．function as起……的作用
62．in response作为回答，作为反应
63．refer to参考；指的是
64．be based on以……为基础
65．be pessimistic about对……悲观
66．under this circumstance在这种情况下
67．out of style过时的
68．for instance例如
69．In response，the receiver sends an encoded message back，which is referred to as feedback.(which引导非限制性定语从句)
作为回应，接收者再发回一条编码信息，这就是所谓的反馈。

70．A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed，while looking away with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction.(while作并列连词，表示对比) 微笑表明你对正在讨论的问题很关注，而双臂交叉、看向别处可能表明你不感兴趣，这样会造成不信任或引起摩擦。

71．The longer a borrowed word has been in use，the more it sounds and even looks like the native language.(the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..)
一个外来词使用的时间越长，它听起来甚至看起来就越像本土语言。

72．It is also through those words that novel ideas are spread and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently and quickly.(强调句)
也正是通过那些外来词，新想法的传播以及不同的观念的交流得以更加便捷、迅速。

1．react vi.(对……)作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应→reaction n．反应
·react to 对……作出反应
react with与……起(化学)反应
react against反对；反抗；反叛
·in reaction to对……作出反应/以应对……
2.sympathy n．同情；赞同→sympathetic adj. 同情的，有同情心的；赞同的，支持的→sympathetically adv.同情地
·have (no) sympathy for sb (不)同情某人
out of sympathy 出于同情
with sympathy＝sympathetically 同情地
·be sympathetic to/towards...赞同某事；同情某人
a sympathetic look/smile 同情的表情/笑容
3.approve v．赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等)→approval n．赞成，同意；批准，认可→approving adj.赞同的
·approve sth批准某事
approve of (sb/sb’s) doing sth赞成/同意(某人)做某事
·get/win one’s approval得到某人的同意；赢得某人的赞同
give one’s approval to sth 批准某事
4．correspond vi.符合，相一致；类似于；通信→correspondence n．一致；相似；通信；信件
·correspond with/to sth与……一致/相符合
correspond with sb与……通信
·in correspondence with...与……通信；和……一致
5.behave v．举动；表现；表现得体，有礼貌→behavio-(u)r n．行为；举止；习性·behave oneself行为规矩；表现得体
behave well/badly表现好/差
·well-behaved/badly-behaved adj.表现好/差的
6.no sooner...than...
No sooner had I begun to understand how British people communicate than it was time to head back home.
我刚开始了解英国人是如何交流的，就该回国了。

·no sooner...than...引导时间状语从句，主句通常用过去完成时，从句通常用一般过去时。

·no sooner位于句首时，主句要部分倒装，而than引导的从句不倒装。

有类似用法的还有scarcely/hardly...when...。

·常见的表示“一……就……”的还有：as soon as...，the moment/minute/instant/second，immediately/instantly/directly，on/upon＋n./v.-ing...。

1．我们别无选择，只能用喷雾剂来应对熊的攻击。

(2020·浙江7月，读后续写)
We have no choice but to use the spray __________________________________________. 2．我写信是为了对你在北京期间生病表示同情。

(应用文写作之慰问信)
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3．如果您能批准我们的提议，我们将不胜感激。

(应用文写作之建议信)
①________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________(approve) ②________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________(approval) 4．只有当你言行一致时，你才能和其他人建立更好的关系。

Only when ____________________________ can you build better relationships with others. 5．强烈建议你参加晚宴时，举止得体。

作为举止得体的客人，你不应该把筷子插在食物里或者用筷子指着其他人。

(话题写作之文化习俗)
It is highly recommended that ____________________________________ when attending feasts.________________________，you shouldn’t stick your chopsticks in the food or point them at others.
6．这位作家一走上舞台，观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声，表达了对他真诚的钦佩。

(读后续写之场景描写)(no sooner...than...的倒装结构)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________，showing their sincere admiration for him.
1．suit
A.(一套)衣服
B.对某人方便；合……的意
(1)But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.(2020·新课标Ⅰ)________
(2)If you look at all sides of the situation，you’ll find probably a solution that suits everyone.(2020·江苏)________
2．correspond
A.相符合，相一致
B.相当；相类似
C.通信
(1)The job of a British lecturer corresponds roughly to that of an American associate professor.________
(2)Your account of the events does not correspond with what we have heard.________
(3)Although they parted，the two friends always corresponded with one another to get comfort.________
1．It was a neighbor called Mario，coming to bring us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.It was a very nice gesture for him to make.(2023·全国甲)____________
2．I told him about the many activities in which I was involved.And I went into a speech about how hard I worked and the gains I was making.____________
3．So，don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one.You don’t need to apologize for a minor slip.(2020·新课标Ⅰ)____________
人们对于学生网上交友持不同意见。

请你用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文，介绍人们的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。

内容包括：
1.赞成的理由；
2.反对的理由；
3.你的看法。

完成句子
1．对于学生是否应该在网上交友，不同的人有不同的反应。

(react，whether 引导宾语从句) ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．有些人支持它，认为通过在线聊天，学生可以更自由地表达自己的感受和意见，甚至可以获得外语学习的帮助。

(approve，现在分词短语作状语)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．其他反对此观点的人认为网上交友没有好处。

(oppose，who引导定语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
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4．他们说，在网上交朋友是浪费时间，这会使学生沉迷于虚拟的世界。

(which 引导非限制性定语从句)
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5．我认为，我们学生应该利用互联网来开阔我们的眼界，并把我们的学习、健康和安全放在其他事情之上。

(broaden one’s mind，同位语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6．至于友谊，我更喜欢在我们的同学和我们周围的人身上找到它。

(prefer)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
组句成篇把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。

________________________________________________________________________
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教材语料整合
亮词[情感描写]gentle adj.温柔的；温和的；柔和的empathy n．同感，共鸣，同情→empathize v i.有同感，产生共鸣sympathy n．同情；赞同embarrassed adj.窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的tolerate v t.容许；容忍
pessimistic adj .悲观的，悲观主义的sincerely ad v.真诚地，诚实地
[动作描写]react v i.(对……)作出反应obtain v t.获得，赢得fold v t.折叠gain v t.& v i.获得；增进，增长；(从……中)受益gesture v t.& v i.做手势，用手势表示recite v t.吟诵；列举slip v i.滑倒；滑落；溜；陷入
美句1.If you are a business person negotiating with a large enterprise about a deal，you should do it face to face，using formal language in a straightforward manner.(场景描写)
2.A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed，while looking away with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction.(动作描写)
3.If someone looks at you with a confused expression，this could indicate that they have not completely understood your point.(心理描写)
4.Seek to understand the other person’s emotions，by putting yourself in their shoes and looking at the situation from their perspective.(主旨升华)
拓展语料积累动作细节描写：头部动作
词块1.drop/lower/bend/bow/hang one’s head低头 2.put/hold/bury one’s head in one’s hands 双手抱头
3.nod/shake one’s head点/摇头
4.rest one’s head on/against把头靠在……上面
5.scratch one’s head 挠头
6.head for/towards 朝……走去
7.raise one’s head 抬头
8.throw one’s head back 把头往后仰
句型1.When he got home，he buried his head under the quilt，pretending to be asleep. 他回到家，把头埋在被子里，假装睡着了。

2.Her mother stopped her housework，raising her head with worry in her eyes.
她母亲停下家务活，抬起头，眼里流露出忧虑。

(现在分词短语作状语)
3.I rose，sat close to my mother，rested my head on her shoulder and could hardly resist weeping.
我站起来，坐在母亲身边，把头靠在她的肩膀上，忍不住哭了起来。

(动作链描写)
4.I walked slowly to the bus，my head down，tears in my eyes.
我慢慢地向公共汽车走去，低着头，眼里含着泪水。

(独立主格)
语料运用沟通与交际
Misunderstood by her friend，Sophie was so embarrassed that ①________________________ and felt an urge to dash out of the classroom.Just at that moment，she felt a gentle touch on her arm.②________________________(现在分词短语作状语)，she saw it was Miss Zhang who
③________________________________________________.Though she was in a bad mood，she
④____________________________ and managed a smile.After knowing the reason，Miss Zhang comforted and encouraged her to communicate with her friend.Gathering her courage，Sophie ⑤________________________ where her friend sat.
被朋友误解了，索菲感到很尴尬，她挠了挠头，想冲出教室。

就在这时，她感到有人轻轻地碰了一下她的胳膊。

她抬头一看，原来是张老师在向她点头微笑。

虽然她心情不好，但她低下头强作掩饰，勉强挤出一个微笑。

得知原因后，张老师安慰并鼓励她与朋友沟通。

索菲鼓起勇气，朝她朋友坐的地方走去。