词类和句子成分

词类和句子成分
词类
1
2. 序数词前一般加定冠词the ，表示顺序，有时加a, 表示“又一”
3. 动词：v+ing, 过去分词，to do…不能做谓语-----叫非谓语动词
4. 副词：1). He runs fast . 2). The pen is very good.
3). He can do it very well. 4). Only in this way can we do it well. 5). Sometimes he goes to the city. 代词相当于名词的用法。

（名词性物主代词相当于形容词性物主代词加上某个名词）
1). I am a teacher. 2). He likes me . 3). My father is a farmer.
4). Your book is old, while mine is new. mine = my book
文中给与确定。

9种，现分述如下（没说同位语）： subject ）: 句子说明的人或事物。

rises in the east.（名词） 2). He likes dancing. （代词）
is believing. （动名词） 4). To see is to believe. （不定式） is a book.（主语从句）
that the elephant is round and tall like a tree .
predicate ）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

study English. B.He is asleep. C. He is a teacher.
predicative ）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

a teacher. （名词） b.Seventy-four! You don’t look it . （代词） asleep. （形容词） d. Five and five is ten. （数词）
in. （副词） f. My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） to sa y “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring . （不定式） whether they will come . （表语从句）
1.常见的系动词有: be, sound （听起来）, look （看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell （闻起（尝、吃起来）, remain （保持，仍是）, feel （感觉） ... 之后常接形容词做表语。

a good idea. b The sound sounds strange. sweet . d.Tom looks thin. delicious . F..The food tastes good . open . H.Now I feel tired . 4. 宾语：动作的承受者-----动宾 a. I like China . （名词） b.He hates you. （代词） c.How many do you need? We need two. （数词）
d.We should help the old and the poor.
e.I enjoy working with you . （动名词）
f.I hope to see you again. （不定式）
g.Did you write down what he said ? （宾语从句） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
the snake ? B. Under the snow, there are many rocks. 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 。

to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （不定式）
do that. （不定式） c. We will make them happy. （形容词） open. （形容词） e. Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） singing in the next room. （现在分词短语）
f. I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）
g. We elected him monitor. （名词） i. Please make yourself at home. 介词短语）
j.We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.（名词）
6.主补：对主语的补充。

a.He was elected monitor. B. She was found singing in the next room.
c.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
7.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

a.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （形容词）
b.He is our friend. （代词）
c. We belong to (属于) the third worl
d. （数词）d.Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher. （名词）
e. The boy standing is Tom. （现在分词）
g.The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）
h.The book stolen is hers. （过去分词）I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）
i.You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）
8.状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。

表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、
条件、方式和让步。

以下例句按上述顺序排列：
a.I will go there tomorrow. B. I will go there tomorrow.
c.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. D. He studies hard to learn English well.
e.He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.
f.I like some of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
g.He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well.
位置：修饰v. 时，通常放在所修饰的v. 之后或句末。

a.The girls are singing happily. B. There is a new bridge over the river.
c.He runs fast.
为了强调可放句首。

a.Over the river there is a new bridge. B. When I came, they were doing their homework.
c.In front of the building, there is a big tree.
Sometimes（有时）, often（经常）, always（一直，总是）, usually（通常）, ever（曾经）, already（已经）, also（也）, even（甚至）
一般放在助动词
B. He has never been there.
c.He doesn’t always finish his homework. D. We must often clear up our rooms. e.He often comes late to class. F. He also knows the answer.
g.He even wants to do it himself. H. They will never forget you.
修饰adj., adv.时，一般放在被修饰词之前。

a.The pen is very good. B. He can do it very well.
注意：地点状语一般放在时间状语之前。

a.I will go there tomorrow.
分析下列句子成分
1. Our schoo l is not far from my home.
2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you
3. All of us considered him honest.
4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.
5. He broke a piece of glass.
6. He made it clear that he would leave the city．
7. ---I love you more than her，child ．8. T ees turn green when spring comes.
9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.
12.All the students think highly of his teaching
13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song. 15. Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like．16.We will make our school more beautiful.
17. He didn't come．That is why he didn't know．
18. She showed us her many of her pictures. 19. The old man lives a lonely life.
20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.
21. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany．
22. There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him．
23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.
24. Go back where you came from. 25. We must do whatever the people want us to do. 26. At last he got home, tired and hungry. 27. Would you please pass me the cup?
28 Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 29. Do you know the latest news about him?
练习：
1. The ____ of the room were covered with ____.
A. roofs, leafs
B. roofs, leaves
C. rooves, leafs
D. rooves, leaves
2. There are three ____ in our factory.
A. woman doctors
B. women doctors
C. woman doctor
D. women doctor
3. The ant has two ____. A. stomaches B. stomacks C. stomach D. stomachs
4. He doesn’t like ____ for supper. A. chick B. chicken C. chickensD. chicks
5. It was ____ hot weather that many of us went swimming.A. so B. such C. so as D. such a
6. ____ wonderful space they saw on the room! A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
7. ____ work has been done to improve the people’s living standard.
A. Many
B. A great many
C. A great deal of
D. A number of
8. Two ____, please. A. coffee B. coffees C. cup of coffee D. cups coffee
9. I can’t pay as ____ as he asked for.
A. high price a
B. high price
C. a high price
D. high a price
10.I stayed at ____. A. Xiao Wang’s B. Wang’s home C. the Wangs D. home of Wang
11. Sister Carrie works in a ____ factory. A. shoes B. shoses C. shoe D. shoe’s
12. The mother over there is ____ mother. A. Julia and Mary B. Julia and Mary’s
C. Julia’s and Mary’s
D. Juli a’s and Mary
13. Li Ming’s handwriting is better than ____ in the class.
A. anyone’s
B. anyone else
C. anyone’s else’s
D. anyone else’s
14. If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller ____. A. set B. one C. copy D. pair
15、Mr. Alcott,headmaster of the school,refused to accept of the three suggestions,made by
the Students’Union. A、either B、neither C、any D、none
16、Which apple do you want? will do. A、Any B、Every C、Some D、Only one
17、The party last month really gave me a lot of fun.So Mr. James,can we have this month?
A、another
B、one
C、it
D、other
18、The two boys are very much alike,I can’t tell from the .
A、them;one
B、one;another
C、another;one
D、one;other
19、us was interested in that book.Probably it was the worst one that we had ever seen.
A、No one
B、None one
C、Not all
D、Not all the
20、I agree with most of what you said,but I don’t agree with .
A、everything
B、anything
C、something
D、nothing
21、No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to .
A、the other
B、any other
C、another
D、other
22、----One week’s time has been wasted ----I can’t believe we did all that work for .
A、something
B、nothing
C、everything
D、anything
23、When he arrived,he found the aged and the sick at home.
A、none but
B、none other than
C、nothing but
D、no other than
24、There were people and cars in the street,as it was late at night.
A、some
B、a few
C、few
D、little
25、When the plane suddenly took off,all the people felt surprised and frightened,
A、on plane
B、by plane
C、on the board
D、on board
26、If you keep on,you’ll succeed .
A、in time
B、at one time
C、at the same time
D、on time
27、The doctor will be free .
A、10 minutes later
B、after 10 minutes
C、in 10 minutes
D、10 minutes after
28、Books are the most important records we keep man’s thought,ideas and feelings.
A、up
B、to
C、of
D、on
29、----I was tired,father. ----Tired? ?
A、For which
B、For what?
C、Because what
D、Of what
30、I feel that one of my main duties a teacher is to help the students to become better
learners. A、for B、by C、as D、with
31、two exams to worry about,I have to work really hardthis weekend.
A、With
B、Besides
C、As for
D、Because of
32、The accident is reported to have occurred the first Sunday in February.
A、at
B、on
C、in
D、to
33、John and Jenny are of the same age,but John is taller a head.
A、than
B、with
C、by
D、over
34、Some of the rules of the school are not our liking. A、for B、in C、of D、to
35、Mary kept weighing herself to see how much she was getting.
A、heavier
B、heavy
C、the heavier
D、the heaviest
36、This ship measures that one.
A、as twice as long
B、as twice long as
C、twice long as
D、twice as long as
37、The young pigeons which I bought last month are able to fly now. A、
cheap;high B、cheaply;highly C、cheap;highly D、cheaply;high
38、His mother had talked to him for many minutes while he was watching TV,but . A、
a little did he hear B、little did he hear C、little heared he D、a little heared he
39、Professor Lee is considering going to teach in Shenzhen,where he can get paid . A、
as five times much B、as much five times C、much as five times D、five times as much
40、students are required to take part in the boat race.
A、Ten strong young Chinese
B、Ten Chinese strong young
C、Chinese ten young strong
D、Young strong ten Chinese
41、I won’t go to his party next time.It couldn’t have been ,in fact.
A、any better
B、any worse
C、so bad
D、the best
42、There are two buildings, stands nearly a hundred feet high.
A、the larger
B、the larger of them
C、the larger one that
D、the larger of which
43、It is reported that the United States uses energy as the whole of Europe.
A、as twice
B、twice much
C、twice much as
D、twice as much
44、The writer of the novel is a professor in his .
A、thirtieth
B、thirty
C、thirty’s
D、thirties
45、Three of students are needed to plant trees this afternoon.
A、hundred;the
B、hundreds;the
C、hundred;/
D、hundred;these
46、I hope you don’t mind me asking. where did you buy those shoes?
A、So
B、And
C、Yet
D、But
47、The great Pyramid is high! A、144 metre B、144-metre C、144 metres D、144-metres
48、It will take to finish this course. A、one and half year’s time B、a year and a half’s time
C、a year and a half of time
D、a year and a half time
49、Mr. Zhang stays at_________ on________ floor at Chang Qing Hotel A、Room 203;second
B、203 Room;the second
C、Room 203;the second
D、the Room 203;two
50、He was asked time to hand in his dictation.
A、the second
B、a first
C、the first
D、a second
1~5 BBD BB 6~10 CCBDA 11~15 C BDDC 16-20 AADBA 21-25 ABACD 26-30 ACCDC 31-35 ABCDA
36-40 DABDA 41-45 BDDDA 46-50 DCBCD。