新概念英语第四册课堂笔记

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新概念第四册笔记

新概念第四册笔记

新概念第四册笔记Lesson 11.inscription on turtle shells 甲骨文bamboo slips 竹筒fresco 壁画2.fossil fuel 化石燃料3.Don't be obsessed with brother.I'm just a legend 不要迷恋哥。

哥只是个传说4.rural labourer =migrant worker 民工migratory bird 候鸟5.have a sweet tooth 爱吃甜食6.illiterate 文盲7.make A of B 可看出make A from B 不可看出8.none of+可数名词+is/are 数量How many people are there in the room -- noneno one +is 谁Who is in the room -- no one9.经典分分享纽约深受暴力之害Unchecked violence has already dulled the luster of the Big Apple.The daunting task before its leaders is to prevent it from rotting to the core.Lesson 21.spare tyre 备胎,肉肚=love handles=beer belly=muffin-top (贬义)2.the table of contents 目录3.pains-taking farmers 辛苦的农民4.写作顺序词first,firstly,to start with,to begin withnext,then,what's more,moreover,in additionlast but not least5.I haven't the least idea 根本不知道I haven't the remotest idea where to start with.我根本没办法知道从何开始6.经典分享If you want to live and thrive,let a spider run alive 想过好莫杀生Lesson 31.The Everest 珠穆朗玛峰2.bed-ridden 卧床不起3.try to do 努力尝试try doing 小试4.This is the case 事实就是这样5.as poor as a church mouse 一贫如洗6.a six-part meeting 六方会谈7.except for 指出不如人意的地方+名词8.经典分享电影vertical limitLesson 41.extra-sensory perception 超感官知觉psychometry 接触感应clairvoyance 千里眼telepathy 心灵感应precognition 预知photographic memory 过目不忘2.saft and sound 平安无事3.a safe breaker 撬保险箱的人Better safe than sorry 稳妥比后悔好Better late than never 晚做比不做好4.opaque glass 毛玻璃5.see through 看穿,识破,干完,帮助某人6.Britain's Got Talent 英国达人秀7.She left immediately she finished her job 一…就=hardly/rarely/scarcely…when8.经典分享美剧超人英雄Lesson 51.ask for leave 请假take leave to do 擅自2.have a commitment to 信奉make a commitment to 承诺commit suicide 自杀be committed to doing 决心致力于3.stupid = silly 笨fatuous=ridiculous 愚蠢slow 迟钝4.问题就是That is where the rub isThat is where the problem isThat is the rubThere is the rubThere lies the rubThe rub lies in5.to be done过去不真实的情况意外之事导致结果代替宾语从句6.虚拟语气He acts as if he knew me7.经典分享Never tell a young person that anything cannot be done.God may have beeb waiting centuries for someone ignorant enough of the impossible to do that very thing.—G.M.Trevelyan Lesson 61.have no inclination to 不愿做2.black sheep 害群之马3.meet each other 两者meet one other 三者4.nearly 只用于肯定句almost 可用于肯定和否定5.pick up 捡起,接,学会,抱起,爬起6.I will not go unless (I am) invited.be动词才可省7.经典分享Talent wins games,but teamwork and intelligence win championships.—乔丹Lesson 71.obstacle=obstruction 实在的和抽象的障碍barrier 阻塞出入的(栅栏)block 阻塞所有通道的障碍I had a mental block when I tried to remember my password.脑袋塞住了2.in the vicinity = near3.a shoal of fish = a school of fish 一群鱼a group of people 一群人a swarm of ants 一群蚂蚁a litter of pigs 一窝猪4.部分否定Not all bamboo grows tall=All bamboo doesn't grows tallBoth the windows are not open 窗户不都开着Not every book is educative=Every book is not educativeentirely,altogether,completely,quite完全的词加not表部分否定完全否定用对应的全否定词no,none,neither,no one,neverAll of them can do it - None of them can do itBoth are good - Neither is goodEverybody likes it - Nobody likes itHe is always late - He is never late5.经典分享Brain-twister=Brain-teaser 脑筋急转弯Q:What kind of animal is well educated?A: Fish.Because they go around in schoolsLesson 81.We were slaughtered,55 to 112 我们被宰了(大比分落后)2.keep fit 保持健康fit as a fiddle 非常健康be fit for doing 适合做3.hit the nail on the head 一针见血4.I think the money I have right now will do for the following 2 weeks.do 足够解决问题5.直接引语改间接引语now-thenago-beforetoday-that daytomorrow-the next day;the following dayyesterday-the day before;the previous daythe day before yesterday-two days before6.经典分享乐队Electrocute的On the beatLesson 91.Casual Friday=Casual Day 便装日2.uni- uniform 制服mono- monologue 独白bi- bicycle 自行车tri- tricycle 三轮车3.The Netherland 荷兰go Dutch AA制=a Dutch date/treatDutch courage 酒后之勇a Dutch bargain 酒席上的(不公平)交易talk like a Dutch uncle 不留情面的批评4.经典分享I come,I see,I conquer—CaesarLesson 101.a customized car 定制汽车2.He said to us,"Are you going away today?"=He asked us whether we were going away that day. "What have you done?"he asked.=He asked what I had done.陈述语序3.经典分享Your time is limited.So don't waste it living someone else's life.Don't be trapped by dogma,which is living with the results of other people's thinking.Don't let the noise of other's opinions drown out your own inner voice.And most important:have the courage to follow your heart and intuition.They somehow already know what your truly want to become.Everything else is secondary.Lesson 111.Do you see a justification for XXX 有正当理由2.cheat on 对XX不忠cheat sb of 骗走某人的3.play a vital role in 至关重要的角色vital statistics 三围bust waist hip4.be weary of 对XX厌倦5.at the idea of 一想到=in the thought ofat the sight of 一看到6.metaphor 暗喻simile 明喻euphemism 委婉语7.委婉语die死pass away,fall asleep,be no more,breathe one's last breath,sleep the final sleep,go to a better world,go to sleep forever,go west,kick the bucketold老人senior citizen,elderly people,people in advanced years,feel one's age养老院a rest home,a nursing home8.经典分享On Education论教育I will take four characteristics which seem to me jointly to form the basis of an ideal character:vitality,courage,sensitiveness,and intelligence.I do not suggest that this list is complete,but I think it carries us a good way.Moreover I firmly believe that,by proper physical,emotional,and intellectual care of the young,these qualities could all be made very common——Bertrand Russell Lesson 121.accont 账户open a bank accountcurrent account=checking account 活期账户deposit account=savings account 定期账户withdraw 取钱ATM=automated teller machine 自动柜员机=cash machineteller 出纳员2.in cash 现金支付by credit card/by a check3.have an obligatin to do=be under an obligation to do 有义务=feel oblige to do4.debit card借记卡5.take a blood specimen 采血样6.带to的间接引语She sain,"Remember to switch off all the lights."——She reminded me to switch off all the lights."Don't make a mess."she said to him——She told him not to make a mess,祈使句He said,"Wait for me."——He said I was to wait for him.why后不可加to7.经典分享Saving Money in Plain English——CommoncraftLesson 131.haul=hoist=lift=raise 拉2.blood circulation 血液循环3.Draw a circle which is 3centimeters in diameter 直径3厘米的元4.make every endeavour to do 非常努力做5.时常every so often=every now and again=now and again=every once in a while6.avoid doing 避免7.on credit 赊账8.less的用法More haste,less speed 欲速则不达less than 更少He was less than enthusiastic 一点也不热情less than no time 马上more or less差不多any the less 更少一点Even though he did that,I did not believe him any the less.我还是相信他much/still less 更不要说=let alone I don't think David would read a book,mich less write one. any more than 和…同样no more than 仅仅9.经典分享At the age of 23,I was a millionaire and retired.Two years later I came out of retirement.A man in his twenties who has known what it is to work can drink only so much champagne and paint the town red only so many times before he wakes up to realize that he is wasting time and energy on meaningless things.——Paul Getty(1892-1976)Formula for success:rise early,work hard,strike oilLesson 141.民谣For want of 缺少For want of a nail the shoe was lost.For want of a shoe the horse was lost.For want of a horse the rider was lost.For want of a rider the battle was lost.For want of a battle the kingdom was lost.And all for the want of a horseshoe nail.2.foresee 预见foretell 预知forearm 前臂forehead 额头forefather 父辈foresight 远见foreground 前景foreshadow 预兆3.speculate on/about 推测4.humid 天气湿damp 物,房间湿moist 湿得舒服moisturizer 润肤膏5.suppose的用法I suppose soI don't suppose 我不认为Do you suppose 你认为be supposed to 应该,广泛认为6.check out 结账离开7.经典分享电影《蝴蝶效应》Lesson 151.keep a secret 保密=hold my tongue about=button up my lip=This is only between you and me=This can never go out of this roomreveal the secret 泄密=let the secret out=let the cat out of the bag2.patent on/for 专利apply for/take out a patent 申请专利3.weigh against 不利于(不能用被动)4.so/as far as 就…而言in so far as 语气更强(不可用as)so far from 非但不…反而5.consider 考虑considerate 体贴,周到considerable 相当大6.of+形容词+nature 有XX的性质7.Mr. so and so 某某先生such and such a day 某某天8.分词fallen leave 落下了的叶子(表完成)9.经典分享Three can keep a secrt,if two of them are dead——BenjaminFranklinLesson 161.The Oriental Pearl TV Tower 东方明珠电视塔Jin Mao Building 金茂大厦the bund 外滩2.double-edged sword 双刃剑3.maximum speed 限速mph=miles per hour4.give full consideration to 进行充分考虑take XX into consideration 考虑在内5.impose sth on sb 强加6.deprive sb of sth 剥夺7.be thronged with 某地被挤满8.have influence of XX upon/on XX XX对XX有影响9.neglect 疏忽overlook 粗心ignore 故意的10.deny sb sth 不让某人拥有某物11.disposable chopsticks 一次性筷子12.while 的用法让步比although轻While I admit that problems are difficult,I do not agree that they can't be solved.13.经典分享Cities force growth,and make men talkative and entertaining,but they make themartificial——by Ralph Waldo EmersonLesson 171.car park 停车场2.be overrun with/by 被蔓延3.be susceptible to 易受感染的4.a slight/mild/severe infectin in the lung 感染5.on account of 由于6.do damage to 损坏7.pass on to sb 传给8.So that he could be heard in every room.John spoke through a microphone.表目的7.经典分享Resident Evil 生化危机Lesson 181.a mariner barracks 海军陆战队的营房navy 中国海军2.knock sb unconscious 使失去意识3.in the ensuing years 接下来的几年ensue from 由XX产生come after 接着发生on the heels of 接踵而至4.You've intrigued me!Tell me more!吊胃口be intrigued with 有兴趣5.in attacking formation 进攻队形6.credit sb with 相信XX有能力7.先行词为不定代词anything 后只接that不可用which8.无动词的独立结构He went off,(his)gun in hand.主语可省限定词He went off,(with his)gun in hand.可加with独立主格多用于正式9.经典分享电影The cove海豚湾Lesson 191.speculation about/on 对XX的猜测2.blow one's nose 擤鼻涕3.punctuate A with B 用B打断A4.XX is not a matter of 不是XX方面的事5.self-seeking 唯利是图self-supporting 自力更生6.continuous 连续的continual 频繁的7.were it not for two factors=if it were not for 省if,把be提前8.while比but的转折多了对比的意思9.强调句It may have been John who gave Mary a handbag.be可变形式区分先行词itIt is surprising that Mary won the first place.去it is…that 句子不完整10.经典分享I Have A Dream——Martin Luther KingLesson 201.sit up 熬夜2.indigestion 消化不良Reader's Digest 读者文摘、3.The beauty of the scene defied description.美得无法形容4.convert A into B 转变5.让步状语倒装KIng as he was,he was unhappy.省冠词Object as you may,I'll goTired as he was,he sat up late studying at night.(让步)Tired as he was,he went to bed early.(因果)6.经典分享Marriage:putting one's hand into a bag of snakes on the chance of drawing out an eel——Leonardo da VinciLesson 211.the supreme court 最高法院a matter of vital/supreme inportance 最重要的2.set sb up 栽赃3.encroach on/upon 侵占4.in bewilderment 手足无措5.please do take care of yourself 请一定要好好照顾自己6.I wish you had told me though 尽管,然而7.经典推荐Into The West 西部风云Lesson 221.loom up/out/above 赫然耸起loom large 显然突出/doc/807d153ff111f18583d05ac9.htm l pound noun 复合词compound sentence 复合句compound interest 复合利息3.as is known to all 众所周知非限定性定语从句as可句首,which不可as后必须为系动词德国哲学家叔本华Arthur Schopenhauer:As the biggest library if it is in disorder is not as useful as a small but well-arranged one,so you may accumate a vast amount of knowledge but it will be of far less value to you than a much smaller amount if you have not thought it over for yourselfLesson 231.sb be endowed with sth 赋予confer on 授予bestow on 授予2.wish 的用法wish sb sth 祝福I wish you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!wish +从句表虚拟I wish that I could afford a car.用could/should/wouldI wish I didn't have to go to work today.用过去时I wish! 但愿You wish! 想得美3.虚拟语气与现在相反从句:If+主语+过去时(be用were)主句:主语+should/would/could/might+doeg:If I were you,I would study English.与过去相反从句:If+主语+had+done主句:主语+should/would/could/might+have doneeg:If I had got there earlier,I should have met her.与将来相反从句:If+主语+were to doIf+主语+should doIf+主语+过去时(be用were)主句:主语+should/would/could/might+doeg:If she were to be here tomorrow,I would talk to her.If he should come tomorrow,I would talk to him.If it were snow tomorrow,I would not go to school.wish后的虚拟同if从句,将来的虚拟should/would+do4.经典分享The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《老水手之歌》——英国著名诗人S.T.Coleridge5.so that+从句so as to+不定式Lesson 241.it is an undeniable fact that XX是不可否认的事实=indisputableNowadays,it is an undeniable fact that crime is increasing.2.invest A whth B 将B赋予ABeauty is in the eyes of the beholder.——H.G.Wells 情人眼里出西施Beauty is only skin deep.——Thomas Overbury 美是浮浅的17世纪初诗人Lesson 24.51.a flash in the pan 昙花一现(淘金)2.serve as 担当,起…作用3.stand a chance 有希望Lesson 251.make a plea for sth 祈求2.make a diagnosis of 诊断diagnose sb with 诊断为diagnose sth as 诊断为3.most前有the才是最高级4.heating bill 暖气费5.hit/grab/make the headlines 成为头条6.blacken one's name/image/reputation 抹黑=slander=defame=slurpersecute=abuse=maltreat=brutalize=ill-treat 虐待7.be cautious about doing 谨慎8.yet的用法a.否定句和疑问句——询问是否做了I haven't asked him yet.还Has Jack arrived yet? 已经b.否定句You can't give up yet! 还c.强调更加——yet more/bigger/higherThere's yet abother reason why I can't go.还She made a yet more terrible mistake.更She drew a yet bigger circle.更d.表转折Ken was a criminal,yet many people admired him.然而a story that is strange yet true.e.口语中多放于句末I don't know whether she'll come yetf.在don't,hasn't后,或在why,whether前They don't yet know the full facts.I haven't decided yet whether to take part in the competition.g.书面语中放于not后,不在句尾We don't yet have a solution to this problem.9.作文Most people in this modern world have grown accustomed to living and working against a background of noise,almost constant noise.In the street there is the noise of traffic-engine noises,car alarms,the screeching of tyres and brakes,in factories there is the continual drumming ofmachines of all kinds,and in the office there is the noise of office equipment-the tap-tap-tap of computer keyboard keys,the ringing of telephones,fax machines and so on.Even in home,where labour-saving devices have made life so much easier for many people,some of the comfort has been at the expense of noise-vacuum cleaner s,washing machines,dishwashers and air extractors;they all make a noise even if manufacturers try to tell us sometimes that their machines are 'slient'!And even in the countryside,or in your own back garden in the city,there arealways aeroplanes overhead - large passenger jet aircraft,helicopters,and even,sometimes,military jet aircraft.In our modern industrial society,hardly anywhere is free from noise.In towns and cities,particularly,the problem bas become acute.And yet people have learned to live against this background and do not seem to be affected.Indeed,some people have learned to live against this background and do not seem to affeted.Indeed,some people even seem to require noise as a necessary environment in which to work:'muzak'in the workplace,in shops,in hotels is a perfect example of the need for 'noise',for that is all 'muzak'is.We seem to be helpless to do abything about recucing noise in this modern world and many have come to accept it as one of the more unpleasant features of modern civilization.And although few of us complain about it ,this is one of the main reasons that people give for going to an island,the countryside,the hills or the mountains for the weekend,or for their annual holiday-'To get away from everything,especially the noise'.10.经典分享He who establishes his argument by noise and command,shows that his reason is weak.——Michel de Montaigne 蒙恬,法国文艺复兴时期著名作家You don't have to be noisy to be effective.——Philip Crosby 美国商人兼作家Lesson 261.amber 琥珀mummy 木乃伊embalming防腐balm 香油lip-balm 润唇膏2.fruit preserve 果酱,水果制品3.deposit saveing 定期账户a layer of soil 一层泥4.scavenger 食腐动物vulture 秃鹫,贪婪的人carnivore 食肉动物,凶猛的人herbivore 食草动物,温顺insect-eating animal 食虫动物,聪明5.cat carcass 猫的尸体6.sabre-toothed 剑齿的eagle-eyed 目光敏锐的eagle-nosed 鹰钩鼻money-minded 一心想着钱的dog-eared 书角卷起来的7.venture to do 小心翼翼地He ventured out when night falls 他在晚上出去冒险8.be bogged (down) in 陷入9.It is Uncle Bill whose telephone number I lost. 所有格强调句10.the like 类似的东西=such likeFirst class travel is not for the like of us11.in proportion to 与…成正比例的12.live by 以…为生13.whether they be = be they 虚拟语气的让步状语从句14.for的用法be all for sth 支持做I'm all for freedom.be in for it 被责怪You'll be in for it if she finds out what you've done!15.作文People find it difficult to resist the fascination of a natural history museum where the skeletons and fossils of extinct forms of life are on display.It is this fascination,too,felt by so many people,that attracts them to adventure stories like The Lost World or films like Jurassic Park. What sorts of things can one seein a natural history museum?The remains of animals that existed in prehistoric times.Sometimes we can see just parts of a creature,sometimes we can see just parts of a creature,sometimes the whole skeleton.There are reptiles,dinosaurs and tyrannosaurs.There are pterodactyls,the horrific-looking creatures with long,tooth-filled beaks,which were the ancestors of our present-day birds.Therefare the remains of fish,small and large,especially early sharks,and there are fossilized crustaceans.There are the remains of our own ancestor,early man such as Neanderthal man.Museums also display the remains of animals which have become extinct relatively recently,like the flightless bird called the dodo.It is sad to think that the dodo only necame extinct about three hundred years ago,and would probably not have become extinct if Europeans had not hunted it on its native island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean.How many more forms of animal life are in danger of becoming extinct today that our children will only see in museums?And then of course there are those creatures which have been called 'living fossils'-primitive forms of life which came into being millions of years ago and wich have surprisingly survived,apparently without developing greatly.Examples are the coelacanth(the fish that was first discovered earlier in the twentieth century)and the duck-billed platypus in Australia.16.经典推荐Jurassic Park 侏罗纪公园Lesson 271.flagship store 旗舰店2.hurricane 飓风(大西洋)typhoon 台风(太平洋)tornado 龙卷风3.Yangtze River 扬子江,长江4.ablaze with sth 闪耀,五光十色5.freshen up 使崭新,加满饮料,洗手和脸使面貌一新6.frame up 栽赃陷害be fed up with 厌倦7.she 代指包容孕育其他事物的东西如the earth,river8.at the height of 在…的高度,在…鼎盛时期9.intend sb to do 打算让某人做10.fortune teller 算命先生11.week in week out 一周又一周12.spread her sails 扬帆起航catch the wind 乘风前进13.There are not stops on the run to the coast 去海边的道路上没有车站The exhibition is housed in the building.展览坐落于这个建筑14.The teacher nodded in reply.老师点头作为回答15.fate 宿命seal one's fate 给人带来不能逃脱的厄运destiny 天命(好的)doom 厄运16.there+arise,come,exist,rise,go,lie,live,remain,seem,stand, etcOnce upon a time there lived a beautif ul princess…There came the crack of a shot17.However,I don't agree with it——中式英语I,however,don't agree with it——英式英语18.作文When a ship sank in the past,there were extreme difficulties in savaging the wreck.Quite clearly that was true of a ship that sank in very deep water and indeed it still is.But even if a shipsank in relatively shallow water ,in a harbour,for example,there was very little hope of recovering any lost treasure or indeed of recovering anything else from the wreck.In most cases,even bodies of men who went down tith the ship would remain in it.Modern diving techniques,of course,have made salvaging far less difficult.A shipreck can be discovered and in vestigated by sonar,and skin divers can go down and investigate the wreck before any serious salvage work is begun.The same modern diving techniques have also meant that hunting for treasure can be carried out not only by experts but also by amateurs.So quite a lot of amateur divers spend their weekends and holidays diving for"treasure".What kinf of treasure can be recovered?And where from?Not surprisingly there are shipwrecks all around the coast of Great Britain and other island in the world.The Mediterranean Sea,too,is an excellent hunting ground for salvagers and treasure hunters.Many of the Roman and Greek ships at the bottom of the Sea are full of works of art.The sea off the coast of Florida and around the Bahamas is another hunting ground,this time for gold from Spanish galleons.Many shipwrecks,of course,do not contain treasure in terms of gold,silver,jewels or works of art.But they all contain another kinkd of 'treasure':they contain the seapons used on ships(the cannon,swords,and so on),everyday artcles of clothing(shoes,leather belts,etc.)and items of everyday use(plates,bottles,etc.).All of these'teeasures' teach us a great deal about the history of the time.19.经典分享RMS Titanic=royal mail steamship Titanic Titan 泰坦神Lesson 281.be sceptical about/of 怀疑2.fervent fans/admirers 热情的粉丝3.curative 治病cure-:take careaccurate 准确ac-/ad- =to docurious 好奇manicure 美甲mani- =hands 手security 安全se- =free from4.fly in the ointment 药膏中的苍蝇,美中不足5.OTC=over the counter drugs 非处方药Px:recipe 处方6.show signs of 有迹象7.too …to 太…而不能only too …to 非常…去做only to 却,不料I'm too glad to come. 我太高兴而不能来I'm only too glad to come.我非常高兴能来8.owing to 由于9.work 起作用work against 起反作用10.make demands on sb 要求XX做某事11.More haste,less speed.欲速则不达12.At no time and under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapon.中国不会首先使用核武器13.作文Everyone in society should have the right to a full and free health service and no one should have the right to buy good health care.If all working adults pay taxes,then they,their children and their parents should expect free medical service,at a doctor's surgery or at a hospital,a free emergency ambulance service,and at least free dental treatment.It has often been said that public health service is expensiveto run and that it is offten abused.While it is expensive to run,and it is,like many social services,open to abuse,it seems nevertheless to be one of the things that a modern society must offer its citizens.There is of course one major problem,and that is the cost of the people who work in it-the doctors,nurses,surgeons,dentists and administrative staff.Such people often complain that they do not receive the wages or salaries that they could earn in the world of private medical care or in a totally different profession.And because a healthy service,like other public services,is run on government lines,bureaucracy often creeps in so that the administration can cost more than the medical services and treatment.Does a public health service work in all countries?No,it doesn't.There are countries where a public health service seems to be an impossibility:America is a perfect example.On the other hand,there are a number of countries in the world which have successful,or moderately successful public health services,for example Sweden,Britain and Israel.Even in a country like Britain,however,there is also a world of private medicine that people can doin if they can afford it.Apublic health service is an excellent idea,but no one should be forced to join it.14.经典分享纪录片SickoMichael Moore 导演15.remain of 保留(不及物动词)After the fire, very little remained of his house.1.hovercraft 全垫式气垫船Surface Effect Ships,SES 侧壁式气垫船2.cushion from/against 保护cushion the blow 缓存打击3.onion ring 洋葱圈a rubber ring 救生圈give sb a ring 打电话a ring at the door 门铃have a familiar ring 听上去很熟悉ring-shaped 环形的ring a bell 听起来耳熟be ringed with 被…包围4.cause/create a sensation 引起轰动5.former classmate 老同学former husband 前夫=ex-husband6.组合介词in between 介于from among 从中from under 来自下面She took out an envelop from under the pillow.in front of 在前面up to 上升到达7.To see is to believe 眼见为实8.Cheers!干杯=Bottoms up!底露出了9.a.接数字no more than 仅仅,只有not more that 不超过,至多There are no more than fifteen eggs in the basket. 只有15个鸡蛋(=15个)There are not more than fifteen eggs in the basket.至多15个鸡蛋(小于等于15个)b.用于比较This story is no more interesting than that one. 也不比那个有趣(都不有趣)This sorty is not more interesting than that one.这个没那个有趣(那个更有趣)10.作文The twentieth century has seen greater developments in forms of transport than at any other time in the history of this planet.Because of modern methods of transport,the world has become a smaller place and people can now travel from one place to another almost anywhere in the world with speed and in comfort.For many people in the world,the best way to travel long distances is by air.Air travel by jet aeroplane is no longer a luxury.Even helicopters,once almost exclusively used by the armed services,are now being used more and more comercially,especially for short internal flights.And we can look forward to rocket tracel in the nest century - or flying in a craft like the space shuttle that will circumnavigate the earth almost in minutes.For those who travel by see,to,there has beeb progress.Ocean liners are popular,especially for luxury holidays,but so too are the hydrofoil and the hovercraft for use over comparatively shortOn land,we can now travel by car,by coach or by train.The byilding of motormay networks has meant that we can get to our destination by car or coach much faster than we have ever done.And the development of electric trains and new tailway networks has also improved rail travel in many countries.Will these,and motorway networks,become redundant with the development of new forms of transport?Sadly,of all the modern means of transport,the car is creatingthe most problems as it is causing serious congestion in cities.No satisfactory solution to this problem has yet been found,although,if the car is replaced by a different form of personal transport,perhaps the problem will simply go away.万能开篇句OUr society has seen greater developments than any other societies in the history of this planet.11.经典分享Necessity is the mother of invention.需要是发明之母12.not any more than 和…同样都不Lesson 301.nausea 恶心,晕船astronaut 宇航员navigation system 导航系统2.on an expedition 去远征3.very important=of great importance=of such magnifude 很重要4.rugged good looks 饱经沧桑的美5.give a thought to 想6.at the disposal of 交由…支配=in charge of7.be worthy of 值得it is worthwhile 值得8.a burst of applause 一阵掌声/doc/807d153ff111f18583d05ac9.htm l y 铺设,放下,鸡下蛋——laid,laidlie 躺下,位于——lay,lain10.tailing off 愈来愈少The performance was over with the sound of applause tailing off.11.作文The twentieth centyry has seen greater progress in many。

新概念第四册笔记

新概念第四册笔记

Lesson 11.inscription on turtle shells 甲骨文bamboo slips 竹筒fresco 壁画2.fossil fuel 化石燃料3.Don't be obsessed with brother.I'm just a legend 不要迷恋哥。

哥只是个传说4.rural labourer =migrant worker 民工migratory bird 候鸟5.have a sweet tooth 爱吃甜食6.illiterate 文盲7.make A of B 可看出make A from B 不可看出8.none of+可数名词+is/are 数量 How many people are there in the room --noneno one +is 谁 Who is in the room -- no one9.经典分分享纽约深受暴力之害 Unchecked violence has already dulled the luster of the Big Apple.The daunting task before its leaders is to prevent it from rotting to the core.Lesson 21.spare tyre 备胎,肉肚=love handles=beer belly=muffin-top(贬义)2.the table of contents 目录3.pains-taking farmers 辛苦的农民4.写作顺序词first,firstly,to start with,to begin withnext,then,what's more,moreover,in additionlast but not least5.I haven't the least idea 根本不知道I haven't the remotest idea where to start with.我根本没办法知道从何开始6.经典分享If you want to live and thrive,let a spider run alive 想过好莫杀生Lesson 31.The Everest 珠穆朗玛峰2.bed-ridden 卧床不起3.try to do 努力尝试try doing 小试4.This is the case 事实就是这样5.as poor as a church mouse 一贫如洗6.a six-part meeting 六方会谈7.except for 指出不如人意的地方 +名词8.经典分享电影vertical limitLesson 41.extra-sensory perception 超感官知觉psychometry 接触感应clairvoyance 千里眼telepathy 心灵感应precognition 预知photographic memory 过目不忘2.saft and sound 平安无事3.a safe breaker 撬保险箱的人Better safe than sorry 稳妥比后悔好Better late than never 晚做比不做好4.opaque glass 毛玻璃5.see through 看穿,识破,干完,帮助某人6.Britain's Got Talent 英国达人秀7.She left immediately she finished her job 一…就=hardly/rarely/scarcely…when8.经典分享美剧超人英雄Lesson 51.ask for leave 请假take leave to do 擅自2.have a commitment to 信奉make a commitment to 承诺commit suicide 自杀be committed to doing 决心致力于3.stupid = silly 笨fatuous=ridiculous 愚蠢slow 迟钝4.问题就是That is where the rub isThat is where the problem isThat is the rubThere is the rubThere lies the rubThe rub lies in5.to be done过去不真实的情况意外之事导致结果代替宾语从句6.虚拟语气He acts as if he knew me7.经典分享Never tell a young person that anything cannot be done.God may have beeb waiting centuries for someone ignorant enough of the impossible to do that very thing.—G.M.TrevelyanLesson 61.have no inclination to 不愿做2.black sheep 害群之马3.meet each other 两者meet one other 三者4.nearly 只用于肯定句almost 可用于肯定和否定5.pick up 捡起,接,学会,抱起,爬起6.I will not go unless (I am) invited.be动词才可省7.经典分享Talent wins games,but teamwork and intelligence win championships.—乔丹Lesson 71.obstacle=obstruction 实在的和抽象的障碍barrier 阻塞出入的(栅栏)block 阻塞所有通道的障碍 I had a mental block when I tried to remember my password.脑袋塞住了2.in the vicinity = near3.a shoal of fish = a school of fish 一群鱼a group of people 一群人a swarm of ants 一群蚂蚁a litter of pigs 一窝猪4.部分否定Not all bamboo grows tall=All bamboo doesn't grows tallBoth the windows are not open 窗户不都开着Not every book is educative=Every book is not educativeentirely,altogether,completely,quite完全的词加not表部分否定完全否定用对应的全否定词no,none,neither,no one,neverAll of them can do it - None of them can do itBoth are good - Neither is goodEverybody likes it - Nobody likes itHe is always late - He is never late5.经典分享Brain-twister=Brain-teaser 脑筋急转弯Q:What kind of animal is well educated?A: Fish.Because they go around in schoolsLesson 81.We were slaughtered,55 to 112 我们被宰了(大比分落后)2.keep fit 保持健康fit as a fiddle 非常健康be fit for doing 适合做3.hit the nail on the head 一针见血4.I think the money I have right now will do for the following 2 weeks.do 足够解决问题5.直接引语改间接引语now-thenago-beforetoday-that daytomorrow-the next day;the following dayyesterday-the day before;the previous daythe day before yesterday-two days before6.经典分享乐队 Electrocute的On the beatLesson 91.Casual Friday=Casual Day 便装日2.uni- uniform 制服 mono- monologue 独白bi- bicycle 自行车tri- tricycle 三轮车3.The Netherland 荷兰go Dutch AA制=a Dutch date/treatDutch courage 酒后之勇a Dutch bargain 酒席上的(不公平)交易talk like a Dutch uncle 不留情面的批评4.经典分享I come,I see,I conquer—CaesarLesson 101.a customized car 定制汽车2.He said to us,"Are you going away today?"=He asked us whether we were going away that day."What have you done?"he asked.=He asked what I had done.陈述语序3.经典分享Your time is limited.So don't waste it living someone else's life.Don't be trapped by dogma,which is living with the results of other people's thinking.Don't let the noise of other's opinions drown out your own inner voice.And most important:have the courage to follow your heart and intuition.They somehow already know what your truly want tobecome.Everything else is secondary.Lesson 111.Do you see a justification for XXX 有正当理由2.cheat on 对XX不忠cheat sb of 骗走某人的3.play a vital role in 至关重要的角色vital statistics 三围 bust waist hip4.be weary of 对XX厌倦5.at the idea of 一想到=in the thought ofat the sight of 一看到6.metaphor 暗喻simile 明喻euphemism 委婉语7.委婉语die死pass away,fall asleep,be no more,breathe one's last breath,sleep the final sleep,go to a better world,go to sleep forever,go west,kick the bucketold老人senior citizen,elderly people,people in advanced years,feel one's age养老院a rest home,a nursing home8.经典分享On Education论教育I will take four characteristics which seem to me jointly to form the basis of an ideal character:vitality,courage,sensitiveness,and intelligence.I do not suggest that this list is complete,but I think it carries us a good way.Moreover I firmly believe that,by proper physical,emotional,and intellectual care of the young,these qualities could all be made very common——Bertrand Russell Lesson 121.accont 账户 open a bank accountcurrent account=checking account 活期账户deposit account=savings account 定期账户withdraw 取钱ATM=automated teller machine 自动柜员机 =cash machineteller 出纳员2.in cash 现金支付 by credit card/by a check3.have an obligatin to do=be under an obligation to do 有义务=feel oblige to do4.debit card借记卡5.take a blood specimen 采血样6.带to的间接引语She sain,"Remember to switch off all the lights."——She reminded me to switch off all the lights."Don't make a mess."she said to him——She told him not to make a mess,祈使句He said,"Wait for me."——He said I was to wait for him.why后不可加to7.经典分享Saving Money in Plain English——CommoncraftLesson 131.haul=hoist=lift=raise 拉2.blood circulation 血液循环3.Draw a circle which is 3centimeters in diameter 直径3厘米的元4.make every endeavour to do 非常努力做5.时常 every so often=every now and again=now and again=every once in a while6.avoid doing 避免7.on credit 赊账8.less的用法More haste,less speed 欲速则不达less than 更少 He was less than enthusiastic 一点也不热情less than no time 马上more or less差不多any the less 更少一点 Even though he did that,I did not believe him any the less.我还是相信他much/still less 更不要说=let alone I don't think David would read a book,mich less write one.any more than 和…同样no more than 仅仅9.经典分享At the age of 23,I was a millionaire and retired.Two years later I came out of retirement.A man in his twenties who has known what it is to work can drink only so much champagne and paint the town red only so many times before he wakes up to realize that he is wasting time and energy on meaningless things.——Paul Getty(1892-1976)Formula for success:rise early,work hard,strike oilLesson 141.民谣 For want of 缺少For want of a nail the shoe was lost.For want of a shoe the horse was lost.For want of a horse the rider was lost.For want of a rider the battle was lost.For want of a battle the kingdom was lost.And all for the want of a horseshoe nail.2.foresee 预见 foretell 预知forearm 前臂 forehead 额头forefather 父辈 foresight 远见foreground 前景 foreshadow 预兆3.speculate on/about 推测4.humid 天气湿damp 物,房间湿moist 湿得舒服 moisturizer 润肤膏5.suppose的用法I suppose soI don't suppose 我不认为Do you suppose 你认为be supposed to 应该,广泛认为6.check out 结账离开7.经典分享电影《蝴蝶效应》Lesson 151.keep a secret 保密=hold my tongue about=button up my lip=This is only between you and me=This can never go out of this roomreveal the secret 泄密=let the secret out=let the cat out of the bag2.patent on/for 专利apply for/take out a patent 申请专利3.weigh against 不利于(不能用被动)4.so/as far as 就…而言in so far as 语气更强(不可用as)so far from 非但不…反而5.consider 考虑considerate 体贴,周到considerable 相当大6.of+形容词+nature 有XX的性质7.Mr. so and so 某某先生such and such a day 某某天8.分词fallen leave 落下了的叶子(表完成)9.经典分享Three can keep a secrt,if two of them are dead——Benjamin Franklin Lesson 161.The Oriental Pearl TV Tower 东方明珠电视塔Jin Mao Building 金茂大厦the bund 外滩2.double-edged sword 双刃剑3.maximum speed 限速 mph=miles per hour4.give full consideration to 进行充分考虑take XX into consideration 考虑在内5.impose sth on sb 强加6.deprive sb of sth 剥夺7.be thronged with 某地被挤满8.have influence of XX upon/on XX XX对XX有影响9.neglect 疏忽overlook 粗心ignore 故意的10.deny sb sth 不让某人拥有某物11.disposable chopsticks 一次性筷子12.while 的用法让步比although轻While I admit that problems are difficult,I do not agree that they can't be solved.13.经典分享Cities force growth,and make men talkative and entertaining,but they make them artificial——by Ralph Waldo EmersonLesson 171.car park 停车场2.be overrun with/by 被蔓延3.be susceptible to 易受感染的4.a slight/mild/severe infectin in the lung 感染5.on account of 由于6.do damage to 损坏7.pass on to sb 传给8.So that he could be heard in every room.John spoke through a microphone.表目的7.经典分享Resident Evil 生化危机Lesson 181.a mariner barracks 海军陆战队的营房navy 中国海军2.knock sb unconscious 使失去意识3.in the ensuing years 接下来的几年ensue from 由XX产生come after 接着发生on the heels of 接踵而至4.You've intrigued me!Tell me more!吊胃口be intrigued with 有兴趣5.in attacking formation 进攻队形6.credit sb with 相信XX有能力7.先行词为不定代词anything 后只接that不可用which8.无动词的独立结构He went off,(his)gun in hand.主语可省限定词He went off,(with his)gun in hand.可加with独立主格多用于正式9.经典分享电影The cove海豚湾Lesson 191.speculation about/on 对XX的猜测2.blow one's nose 擤鼻涕3.punctuate A with B 用B打断A4.XX is not a matter of 不是XX方面的事5.self-seeking 唯利是图self-supporting 自力更生6.continuous 连续的continual 频繁的7.were it not for two factors=if it were not for 省if,把be提前8.while比but的转折多了对比的意思9.强调句It may have been John who gave Mary a handbag.be可变形式区分先行词itIt is surprising that Mary won the first place.去it is…that 句子不完整10.经典分享I Have A Dream——Martin Luther KingLesson 201.sit up 熬夜2.indigestion 消化不良Reader's Digest 读者文摘、3.The beauty of the scene defied description.美得无法形容4.convert A into B 转变5.让步状语倒装KIng as he was,he was unhappy.省冠词Object as you may,I'll goTired as he was,he sat up late studying at night.(让步)Tired as he was,he went to bed early.(因果)6.经典分享Marriage:putting one's hand into a bag of snakes on the chance of drawing out an eel——Leonardo da VinciLesson 211.the supreme court 最高法院a matter of vital/supreme inportance 最重要的2.set sb up 栽赃3.encroach on/upon 侵占4.in bewilderment 手足无措5.please do take care of yourself 请一定要好好照顾自己6.I wish you had told me though 尽管,然而7.经典推荐Into The West 西部风云Lesson 221.loom up/out/above 赫然耸起loom large 显然突出pound noun 复合词compound sentence 复合句compound interest 复合利息3.as is known to all 众所周知非限定性定语从句as可句首,which不可as后必须为系动词4.经典分享德国哲学家叔本华Arthur Schopenhauer:As the biggest library if it is in disorder is not as useful as a small but well-arranged one,so you may accumate a vast amount of knowledge but it will be of far less value to you than a much smaller amount if you have not thought it over for yourself Lesson 231.sb be endowed with sth 赋予confer on 授予bestow on 授予2.wish 的用法wish sb sth 祝福I wish you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!wish +从句表虚拟I wish that I could afford a car.用could/should/wouldI wish I didn't have to go to work today.用过去时I wish! 但愿 You wish! 想得美3.虚拟语气与现在相反从句:If+主语+过去时(be用were)主句:主语+should/would/could/might+doeg:If I were you,I would study English.与过去相反从句:If+主语+had+done主句:主语+should/would/could/might+have doneeg:If I had got there earlier,I should have met her.与将来相反从句:If+主语+were to doIf+主语+should doIf+主语+过去时(be用were)主句:主语+should/would/could/might+doeg:If she were to be here tomorrow,I would talk to her.If he should come tomorrow,I would talk to him.If it were snow tomorrow,I would not go to school.wish后的虚拟同if从句,将来的虚拟should/would+do4.经典分享The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《老水手之歌》——英国著名诗人S.T.Coleridge5.so that+从句so as to+不定式Lesson 241.it is an undeniable fact that XX是不可否认的事实 =indisputableNowadays,it is an undeniable fact that crime is increasing.2.invest A whth B 将B赋予A3.经典分享Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder.——H.G.Wells 情人眼里出西施Beauty is only skin deep.——Thomas Overbury 美是浮浅的17世纪初诗人Lesson 24.51.a flash in the pan 昙花一现(淘金)2.serve as 担当,起…作用3.stand a chance 有希望Lesson 251.make a plea for sth 祈求2.make a diagnosis of 诊断diagnose sb with 诊断为diagnose sth as 诊断为3.most前有the才是最高级4.heating bill 暖气费5.hit/grab/make the headlines 成为头条6.blacken one's name/image/reputation 抹黑=slander=defame=slurpersecute=abuse=maltreat=brutalize=ill-treat 虐待7.be cautious about doing 谨慎8.yet的用法a.否定句和疑问句——询问是否做了I haven't asked him yet.还Has Jack arrived yet? 已经b.否定句You can't give up yet! 还c.强调更加——yet more/bigger/higherThere's yet abother reason why I can't go.还She made a yet more terrible mistake.更She drew a yet bigger circle.更d.表转折Ken was a criminal,yet many people admired him.然而a story that is strange yet true.e.口语中多放于句末I don't know whether she'll come yetf.在don't,hasn't后,或在why,whether前They don't yet know the full facts.I haven't decided yet whether to take part in the competition.g.书面语中放于not后,不在句尾We don't yet have a solution to this problem.9.作文Most people in this modern world have grown accustomed to living and working against a background of noise,almost constant noise.In the street there is the noise of traffic-engine noises,car alarms,the screeching of tyres and brakes,in factories there is the continual drumming of machines of all kinds,and in the office there is the noise of office equipment-the tap-tap-tap of computer keyboard keys,the ringing of telephones,fax machines and so on.Even in home,where labour-saving devices have made life so much easier for many people,some of the comfort has been at the expense of noise-vacuum cleaner s,washing machines,dishwashers and air extractors;they all make a noise even if manufacturers try to tell us sometimes that their machines are 'slient'!And even in the countryside,or in your own back garden in the city,there are always aeroplanes overhead - large passenger jet aircraft,helicopters,and even,sometimes,military jet aircraft.In our modern industrial society,hardly anywhere is free from noise.In towns and cities,particularly,the problem bas become acute.And yet people have learned to live against this background and do not seem to be affected.Indeed,some people have learned to live against this background and do not seem to affeted.Indeed,some people even seem to require noise as a necessary environment in which to work:'muzak'in the workplace,in shops,in hotels is a perfect example of the need for 'noise',for that is all 'muzak'is.We seem to be helpless to do abything about recucing noise in this modern world and many have come to accept it as one of the more unpleasant features of modern civilization.And although few of us complain about it ,this is one of the main reasons that people give for going to an island,the countryside,the hills or the mountains for the weekend,or for their annual holiday-'To get away from everything,especially the noise'.10.经典分享He who establishes his argument by noise and command,shows that his reason is weak.——Michel de Montaigne 蒙恬,法国文艺复兴时期著名作家You don't have to be noisy to be effective.——Philip Crosby 美国商人兼作家Lesson 261.amber 琥珀mummy 木乃伊 embalming防腐 balm 香油 lip-balm 润唇膏2.fruit preserve 果酱,水果制品3.deposit saveing 定期账户a layer of soil 一层泥4.scavenger 食腐动物 vulture 秃鹫,贪婪的人carnivore 食肉动物,凶猛的人herbivore 食草动物,温顺insect-eating animal 食虫动物,聪明5.cat carcass 猫的尸体6.sabre-toothed 剑齿的eagle-eyed 目光敏锐的eagle-nosed 鹰钩鼻money-minded 一心想着钱的dog-eared 书角卷起来的7.venture to do 小心翼翼地He ventured out when night falls 他在晚上出去冒险8.be bogged (down) in 陷入9.It is Uncle Bill whose telephone number I lost. 所有格强调句10.the like 类似的东西=such likeFirst class travel is not for the like of us11.in proportion to 与…成正比例的12.live by 以…为生13.whether they be = be they 虚拟语气的让步状语从句14.for的用法be all for sth 支持做 I'm all for freedom.be in for it 被责怪 You'll be in for it if she finds out what you've done! 15.作文People find it difficult to resist the fascination of a natural history museum where the skeletons and fossils of extinct forms of life are on display.It is this fascination,too,felt by so many people,that attracts them to adventure stories like The Lost World or films like Jurassic Park.What sorts of things can one see in a natural history museum?The remains of animals that existed in prehistoric times.Sometimes we can see just parts of a creature,sometimes we can see just parts of a creature,sometimes the whole skeleton.There are reptiles,dinosaurs and tyrannosaurs.There are pterodactyls,the horrific-looking creatures with long,tooth-filled beaks,which were the ancestors of our present-day birds.Therefare the remains offish,small and large,especially early sharks,and there are fossilized crustaceans.There are the remains of our own ancestor,early man such as Neanderthal man.Museums also display the remains of animals which have become extinct relatively recently,like the flightless bird called the dodo.It is sad to think that the dodo only necame extinct about three hundred years ago,and would probably not have become extinct if Europeans had not hunted it on its native island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean.How many more forms of animal life are in danger of becoming extinct today that our children will only see in museums?And then of course there are those creatures which have been called 'living fossils'-primitive forms of life which came into being millions of years ago and wich have surprisingly survived,apparently without developing greatly.Examples are the coelacanth(the fish that was first discovered earlier in the twentieth century)and the duck-billed platypus in Australia.16.经典推荐Jurassic Park 侏罗纪公园Lesson 271.flagship store 旗舰店2.hurricane 飓风(大西洋)typhoon 台风(太平洋)tornado 龙卷风3.Yangtze River 扬子江,长江4.ablaze with sth 闪耀,五光十色5.freshen up 使崭新,加满饮料,洗手和脸使面貌一新6.frame up 栽赃陷害be fed up with 厌倦7.she 代指包容孕育其他事物的东西如the earth,river8.at the height of 在…的高度,在…鼎盛时期9.intend sb to do 打算让某人做10.fortune teller 算命先生11.week in week out 一周又一周12.spread her sails 扬帆起航catch the wind 乘风前进13.There are not stops on the run to the coast 去海边的道路上没有车站The exhibition is housed in the building.展览坐落于这个建筑14.The teacher nodded in reply.老师点头作为回答15.fate 宿命 seal one's fate 给人带来不能逃脱的厄运destiny 天命(好的)doom 厄运16.there+arise,come,exist,rise,go,lie,live,remain,seem,stand,etcOnce upon a time there lived a beautiful princess…There came the crack of a shot17.However,I don't agree with it——中式英语I,however,don't agree with it——英式英语18.作文When a ship sank in the past,there were extreme difficulties in savaging the wreck.Quite clearly that was true of a ship that sank in very deep water and indeed it still is.But even if a ship sank in relatively shallow water ,in a harbour,for example,there was very little hope of recovering any lost treasure or indeed of recovering anything else from the wreck.In most cases,even bodies of men who went down tith the ship would remain in it.Modern diving techniques,of course,have made salvaging far less difficult.A shipreck can be discovered and in vestigated by sonar,and skin divers can go down and investigate the wreck before any serious salvage work is begun.The same modern diving techniques have also meant that hunting for treasure can be carried out not only by experts but also by amateurs.So quite a lot of amateur divers spend their weekends and holidaysdiving for"treasure".What kinf of treasure can be recovered?And where from?Not surprisingly there are shipwrecks all around the coast of Great Britain and other island in the world.The Mediterranean Sea,too,is an excellent hunting ground for salvagers and treasure hunters.Many of the Roman and Greek ships at the bottom of the Sea are full of works of art.The sea off the coast of Florida and around the Bahamas is another hunting ground,this time for gold from Spanish galleons.Many shipwrecks,of course,do not contain treasure in terms ofgold,silver,jewels or works of art.But they all contain another kinkd of'treasure':they contain the seapons used on ships(the cannon,swords,and so on),everyday artcles of clothing(shoes,leather belts,etc.)and items of everyday use(plates,bottles,etc.).All of these'teeasures' teach us a great deal about the history of the time.19.经典分享RMS Titanic=royal mail steamship Titanic Titan 泰坦神Lesson 281.be sceptical about/of 怀疑2.fervent fans/admirers 热情的粉丝3.curative 治病 cure-:take careaccurate 准确 ac-/ad- =to docurious 好奇manicure 美甲 mani- =hands 手security 安全 se- =free from4.fly in the ointment 药膏中的苍蝇,美中不足5.OTC=over the counter drugs 非处方药Px:recipe 处方6.show signs of 有迹象7.too … to 太…而不能only too …to 非常…去做 only to 却,不料I'm too glad to come. 我太高兴而不能来I'm only too glad to come.我非常高兴能来8.owing to 由于9.work 起作用work against 起反作用10.make demands on sb 要求XX做某事11.More haste,less speed.欲速则不达12.At no time and under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapon.中国不会首先使用核武器13.作文Everyone in society should have the right to a full and free health service and no one should have the right to buy good health care.If all working adults pay taxes,then they,their children and their parents should expect free medical service,at a doctor's surgery or at a hospital,a free emergency ambulance service,and at least free dental treatment.It has often been said that public health service is expensive to run and that it is offten abused.While it is expensive to run,and it is,like many social services,open to abuse,it seems nevertheless to be one of the things that a modern society must offer its citizens.There is of course one major problem,and that is the cost of the people who work in it-the doctors,nurses,surgeons,dentists and administrative staff.Such people often complain that they do not receive the wages or salaries that they could earn in the world of private medical care or in a totally different profession.And because a healthy service,like other public services,is run on government lines,bureaucracy often creeps in so that the administration can cost more than the medical services and treatment.Does a public health service work in all countries?No,it doesn't.There are countries where a public health service seems to be an impossibility:America is a perfect example.On the other hand,there are a number of countries in the world which have successful,or moderately successful public health services,for example Sweden,Britain and Israel.Even in a country like Britain,however,there is also a world of private medicine that people can doin if they can afford it.Apublic health service is an excellent idea,but no one should be forced to join it.14.经典分享纪录片SickoMichael Moore 导演15.remain of 保留(不及物动词)After the fire, very little remained of his house.Lesson 291.hovercraft 全垫式气垫船Surface Effect Ships,SES 侧壁式气垫船2.cushion from/against 保护cushion the blow 缓存打击3.onion ring 洋葱圈a rubber ring 救生圈give sb a ring 打电话a ring at the door 门铃have a familiar ring 听上去很熟悉ring-shaped 环形的ring a bell 听起来耳熟be ringed with 被…包围4.cause/create a sensation 引起轰动5.former classmate 老同学former husband 前夫=ex-husband6.组合介词in between 介于from among 从中from under 来自下面 She took out an envelop from under the pillow.in front of 在前面up to 上升到达7.To see is to believe 眼见为实8.Cheers!干杯 =Bottoms up!底露出了9.a.接数字no more than 仅仅,只有not more that 不超过,至多There are no more than fifteen eggs in the basket. 只有15个鸡蛋(=15个)There are not more than fifteen eggs in the basket.至多15个鸡蛋(小于等于15个)b.用于比较This story is no more interesting than that one. 也不比那个有趣(都不有趣)This sorty is not more interesting than that one.这个没那个有趣(那个更有趣)10.作文The twentieth century has seen greater developments in forms of transport than at any other time in the history of this planet.Because of modern methods of transport,the world has become a smaller place and people cannow travel from one place to another almost anywhere in the world with speed and in comfort.For many people in the world,the best way to travel long distances is by air.Air travel by jet aeroplane is no longer a luxury.Even helicopters,once almost exclusively used by the armed services,are now being used more and more comercially,especially for short internal flights.And we can look forward to rocket tracel in the nest century - or flying in a craft like the space shuttle that will circumnavigate the earth almost in minutes.For those who travel by see,to,there has beeb progress.Ocean liners are popular,especially for luxury holidays,but so too are the hydrofoil and the hovercraft for use over comparatively short distances.On land,we can now travel by car,by coach or by train.The byilding of motormay networks has meant that we can get to our destination by car or coach much faster than we have ever done.And the development of electric trains and new tailway networks has also improved rail travel in many countries.Will these,and motorway networks,become redundant with the development of new forms of transport?Sadly,of all the modern means of transport,the car is creating the most problems as it is causing serious congestion in cities.No satisfactory solution to this problem has yet been found,although,if the car is replaced by a different form of personal transport,perhaps the problem will simply go away.万能开篇句OUr society has seen greater developments than any other societies in the history of this planet.11.经典分享Necessity is the mother of invention.需要是发明之母12.not any more than 和…同样都不Lesson 301.nausea 恶心,晕船astronaut 宇航员navigation system 导航系统2.on an expedition 去远征3.very important=of great importance=of such magnifude 很重要4.rugged good looks 饱经沧桑的美5.give a thought to 想6.at the disposal of 交由…支配=in charge of7.be worthy of 值得it is worthwhile 值得8.a burst of applause 一阵掌声y 铺设,放下,鸡下蛋 —— laid,laidlie 躺下,位于 ——lay,lain10.tailing off 愈来愈少 The performance was over with the sound of applause tailing off.11.作文The twentieth centyry has seen greater progress in many fields than in any other period in history.While we have certainly exploited a lot of land,we have still not explored all the land above sea leval.So it is not surprising that very little of the seabed has been explored.Indeed,the intensive study of the sea and the sea-bed is comparatively recent.And since the sea accounts for a very large percentage of the earth's surface,perhaps we should be spending much more time and more money on studying it in detail.The sea itself is a tremendous source of power.We have only just begun harnessing the tides to provide electricity,but the evergu is there just waiting to be used.The tides and waves contain vast amounts of energy which we must be able to use.The sea is a source of food,too,of couse.Men have taken fish form the sea for thousands of years,but it is only now that plankton is being seen as a source of protein to feed the growing world population.And the whole idea of 'cultivating' the seabed is actively being investigated.As a source of wealth,the sea has already beun to be exploited,but only in the past few years.We can now obtain minerals from the sea,and take fossil fuels from it,as in the North Sea,where oil and gas are both being extracted from under the sea.Following the pioneer work of the French underwater explorer and marine biologist,Jacques Cousteau,perhaps the time will come when we will set up permanent villages under the sea,or even towns and cities that people can live in.If that ever happens,we will certainly be using the sea to its greatst prtential.12.经典分享纪录片《海洋》——Oceans法国导演雅克*贝汉 2009年。

新概念英语四册课堂笔记 Lesson 10:Thoughts in Wilderness

新概念英语四册课堂笔记 Lesson 10:Thoughts in Wilderness

新概念英语四册课堂笔记 Lesson 10:Thoughts inWildernessL10 Thoughts in WildernessIn our new society there is a growing dislike of original, creative men. The manipulated do not understand them; the manipulators fear them. The tidy committee men regard themwith horror, knowing that no pigeonholes can be found for them. We could do with a few original, creative men in our political life—if only to create some enthusiasm, release some energy--but where are they? We are asked to choose between various shades of the negative. The engine is falling to pieces while the joint owners of the car argue whether the footbrake or the handbrake should be applied. Notice how the cold, colourless men, without ideas and with no other passion but a craving for success, get on in this society, capturing one plum after another and taking the juice and taste out of them. Sometimes you might think the machines we worship makeall the chief appointments, promoting the human beings who seem closest to them. Between midnight and dawn, when sleepwill not come and all the old wounds begin to ache,I often have a nightmare vision of a future world in which there are billions of people, all numbered and registered, with not a gleam of genius anywhere, not an original mind, a rich personality, on the whole packed globe. The twin ideals ofour time, organization and quantity, will have won for ever.。

新概念英语第四册-学习笔记

新概念英语第四册-学习笔记

2. 用近义词的重复表强调
They had a single aim, a solitary goal – the top. The contract is null and void because of violations
3. Such inns as there were were generally dirty and flea-ridden. He is not such a man as woud leave his work half done. 他不是做事半途而废的人 Such talents as Nash and Howking can not be easily found.
11. fine
12. linen
13. at the thought
Key structures
1. The more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. 越艰险 越让人看中 The more haste , the less speed.
2. the moment…一…就… The minute he saw her he fell in love. 他对她一见倾心。 He was much better the last time I saw her. 上次见到她时她好多了
★ 以上 the moment, the minute, the last time 引导时间状语
perceive to have knowledge of something through one of the senses,sight or through the mind (通过感官,特别是视觉或者思)察觉,看见

新概念英语第四册课堂笔记

新概念英语第四册课堂笔记

新概念英语第四册课堂笔记1 fossil man (化石人)Why are legends handed down by storytellers useful?We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of story tellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.【New words and expressions 生词和短语】fossil man adj. 化石人recount v. 叙述saga n. 英雄故事legend n. 传说,传奇migration n. 迁移,移居anthropologist n. 人类学家archaeologist n. 考古学家ancestor n. 祖先Polynesian adj.波利尼西亚(中太平洋之一群岛)的Indonesia n. 印度尼西亚flint n. 燧石rot n. 烂掉【课文注释】1.hand down 把...传下去例句:Many old legends were handed down from generation by mouth.许多古老的传说都是一代一代口传下来了。

新概念英语四册课堂笔记第七课The sporting spirit 运动精神

新概念英语四册课堂笔记第七课The sporting spirit 运动精神

新概念英语四册课堂笔记第七课:The sporting spirit运动精神Lesson 7 The sporting spirit 运动精神I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield. Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations. who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriouslybelieve--at any rate for short periods--that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.New words and expressions 生词短语goodwill n. 友好cricket n.板球inclination n.意愿contest n. 比赛orgyn. 恣意,放荡deducevt.推断competitive a. 竞争性的pick up 随意挑选side n. 队patriotism n. 地方观念爱国主义involvevt. 卷入at any rate 无论……,至少……. prestige n. 声誉disgrace vt. 使丢脸savagen.野性的combative a.好斗的frankly ad.坦率地mimic a.与….极相似behaveiour 行动spectatotorn.观众word….into…..引起……注意furyn.狂热absurda.荒唐的Notes on the vocabularies 词语注释goodwill=friendship n.友好goodwill games:友好运动会goodwill visit:友好访问pay a goodwill visit toofficial visit:官方正式访问state visit:国事访问cricket n.板球 as merry as a cricket(蟋蟀) 形容心情高兴,快乐无比inclinationn. 意愿inclinev.be inclined to do sth表示强烈的意愿I am inclined to take toefl.willingshow inclination tofollow one's inclination 随心所欲contestn. 比赛近义词:competition game match tournament race contest:a group of judgesbeauty contest选美比赛competition:socially 抽象使用Social competition is fierce.Dog eat dog.人吃人。

新概念英语四册课堂笔记Lesson40:Themes and Variations

新概念英语四册课堂笔记Lesson40:Themes and Variations

新概念英语四册课堂笔记Lesson40:Themes andVariations新概念英语Lesson 40 Themes and Variations 主旋律与变奏曲Populations increase and decrease relatively not only to one another, but also to natural resources. Inmost parts of the world, the relation between population and resources is already unfavourable andwill probably become even more unfavourable in the future. This growing poverty in the midst ofgrowing poverty constitutes a permanent menace to peace. And not only to peace, but also todemocratic institutions and personal liberty. For overpopulation is not compatib1e with freedom. Anunfavourable relationship between numbers and resources tends to make the earning of a livingalmost intolerably difficult. Labour is more abundantthan goods, and the individual is compelled towork long hours for little pay. No surplus of accumulated purchasing power stands between him andthe tyrannies of unfriendly nature or of the equally unfriendly wielders of political and economicpower. Democracy is, among other things, the ability to say 'no' to the boss. But a man cannot say'no' to the boss, unless he is sure of being able to eat when the boss's favour has been withdrawn.And he cannot be certain of his next meal unless he owns the means of producing enough wealth,for his family to live on, or has been able to accumulate a surplus out of past wages, or has a chanceof moving to virgin territories, where he can make a fresh start. In an overcrowded country, very fewpeople own enough to make them financially independent; very few are in a position to accumulatepurchasing power; and there is no free land. Moreover, in any country where population presseshard upon natural resources, the general economic situation is apt to be so precarious thatgovernment control of capital and labour, production and consumption, becomes inevitable. It is noaccident that the twentieth century should be the century of highly centralized governments andtotalitarian dictatorships; it had to be so for the simple reason that the twentieth century is thecentury of planetary overcrowding.New words and expressions 生词短语precarious a. 不稳定的perilous 山势险恶的,危险的poverty n.贫困I live in poverty. / I’m po verty-stricken. / My family is poverty-stricken.constitute vt. 构成 constitute a menace 构成威胁compatible with 和……处的来incompatibleThe meal is tolerable. 这饭还说的过去。

新概念英语四册课堂笔记 Lesson 4-Seeing hands

新概念英语四册课堂笔记 Lesson 4-Seeing hands

新概念英语四册课堂笔记Lesson4:Seeing handsLesson 4 Seeing hands 看手In the Soviet Union several cases have been reported recently of people who can read and detect colours with their fingers, and even see through solid doors and walls. One case concerns an eleven-year-old schoolgirl, Vera Petrova, who has normal vision but who can also perceive things with different parts of her skin, and through solid walls. This ability was first noticed by her father.One day she came into his office and happened to put her hands on the door of a locked safe.Suddenly she asked her father why he kept so many old newspapers locked away there, and evendescribed the way they were done up in bundles.Vera's curious talent was brought to the notice of a scientific research institute in the town of UIyanovsk, nearwhere she lives, and in April she was given a series of tests by a special commission of the Ministry of health of the Russian Federal Republic. During these tests she was able to read a newspaper through an opaque screen and, stranger still, by moving her elbow over a child's game of Lotto she was able to describe the figures and colours printed on it; and, in another instance, wearing stockings and slippers, to make out with her foot theoutlines and colours of a picture hidden under a carpet. Other experiments showed that her knees and shoulders had a similar sensitivity. During all these tests Vera was blindfold; and, indeed, except when blindfold she lacked the ability to perceive things with her skin. lt was also found that although she could perceive things with her fingers this ability ceased the moment her hands were wet.New words and expressions 生词短语1、Perceive察觉,瞬间感觉到的to make out 费尽心机辨出I looked thoroughly for my elderly mother, finally I make her out .Yeah, I remembered, I finally make him out.I perceive a fly in my teacup.2、elbow one’s way (用肘)挤出elbow one’s way out of the crowed.挤出人群Notes on the text 课文注释Flash 中没有详细讲解。

新概念英语四册学会生活课堂笔记课文及短语

新概念英语四册学会生活课堂笔记课文及短语

新概念英语四册学会生活课堂笔记课文及短语新概念英语四册学会生活课堂笔记课文及短语Lesson 17 Learning to Live 学会生活The fact that we are not sure what 'intelligence' is, nor what is passed on, does not prevent us from finding it a very useful working concept, and placing a certain amount of reliance on tests which 'measure' it.In an intelligence test we take a sample of an individual's ability to solve puzzles and problems of various kinds, and if we have taken a representative sample it will allow us to predict successfully the level of performance he will reach in a wide variety of occupations.This became of particular importance when, as a result of the 1944 Education Act, secondary schooling for all became law, and grammar schools, with the exception of a small number of independent foundation schools, became available to the whole population. Since the number of grammar schools in the countrycould accommodate at most approximately 25 per cent of the total child population of eleven-plus, some kind of selection had to be made. Narrowly academicexaminations and tests were felt, quite rightly, to be heavily weighted in favour of children who had had the advantage of highly-academic primary schools and academically biased Homes. Intelligence tests were devised to counteract this narrow specialization, by introducing problems which were not based on specifically scholastically-acquired knowledge. The intelligence test is an attempt to assess the general ability of any child to think, reason, judge, analyse and syntiesize by presenting him with situations, both verbal and practical, which arewithin hisrange of competence and understanding.New words and expressions 生词短语intelligence 智力 intelligent cute intellectual a.智力的 n.知识分子pass on 衡量(1)He passes on(=pass away=die)委婉语(2)衡量 judge:to pass on 如:to pass on one's intelligence(3)pass for 被认为不能用被动,只能用主动(4)pass 过了 pass gradereliance 信赖,依靠(1)rely=depend He relies on his parents.(parasite:寄生虫)(drag:负担)(2)reliant reliable 值得信赖的self-reliant 自力更生(=self-dependent)working 起作用的pill:药丸 dose:剂 Dose is working. efficient:指人效率很高,做事麻利 effective 有效果的The pill does.a wide variety 各种各样a wide variety of goods . various variant:变化的 variantion 变化 very colored/formedmult- multifunctional multinational multilateral talks bilateral:双边会谈as a result of 由于…结果As a result of his good performance, he got pay rise. Pay cut 减薪consequence in result 后面一定不能出现 ofHe performed well; in result he got a pay rise.in consequence act 法案pass bill motion pay bills act:第 1 幕,第 1 场 Today we gotan act of got.He always put on an act.摆谱foundation 基金Peking Normal University 北京师范大学missionaryavailable 可用的Is water available? 有水喝吗? Are you available?Are you available for a chat?Is your bicycle available?avail I avail myself of this opportunity to apply for this vacancy.avail myself of 利用…的机会make use of ;take advantage ofaccommodate 容纳The hall can accommodate 600 people. accommodate oneself to 适应accommodating accommodation:住所boarding and lodgingat most 最多 at leastcounteract 抵消counteractclockwise 逆时针转counterintelligence 反情报counterrevolution neutralizeact againstspecialization 专门化specialize speciality majorI specialize in chemistry.specialization 专业化synthesize 综合 sympathy syndrome 并发症 synchronize 同步分verbal 文字的oral 口头 verbal expression ;oral expressioncompetence 能力competent incompetent 没有能力的 performance 实际的行为Notes on the text 课文注释British education system 第 1 段只有一句话主语-the fact 谓语-does not prevent us 同位语从句 nor:否定连接 passed on:衡量 useful ,working 两个词相近 placing 和 finding 并列place….on….放置…..在上面=put reliance 依赖引号里表示抽象的东西superior inferioreven though we are not sure ….is,nor what is passed on….,and placing…文中更为高级even though he stole,I find him a kind hearted man.The fact that he stole,does not prevent me from finding him a kind hearted man.tests 第 1 段形成文章的.主题。

新概念英语第四册45精讲笔记

新概念英语第四册45精讲笔记

新概念英语第四册45精讲笔记一、词汇部分。

1. pattern.- 作名词时,有“模式;图案;样品”等意思。

例如:- The pattern on this dress is very beautiful.(这件连衣裙上的图案非常漂亮。

)- We are trying to follow the pattern of successful companies.(我们正试图效仿成功公司的模式。

)- 作动词时,意为“模仿;以图案装饰”。

例如:- She likes to pattern her hair after the movie star.(她喜欢模仿那个电影明星的发型。

)2. inherent.- 形容词,意为“固有的;内在的;与生俱来的”。

例如:- There are inherent difficulties in this plan.(这个计划存在内在的困难。

)- The ability to learn languages is inherent in some people.(学习语言的能力是某些人与生俱来的。

)3. resemble.- 动词,“类似;像”,通常不用于进行时态。

例如:- He resembles his father very much.(他非常像他的父亲。

)二、课文重点句子解析。

1. “In man, the genes which help to build up the brain and nervous system may be the most important.”- 这是一个主从复合句,“which help to build up the brain and nervous system”是一个定语从句,用来修饰先行词“genes”。

在翻译时,可以先翻译定语从句,再翻译主句,即“在人类身上,有助于构建大脑和神经系统的基因可能是最为重要的。

”2. “So far, we have been looking at the way man's genes have built him as an individual.”- 这里“have been looking at”是现在完成进行时,表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作。

新概念英语第四册课堂笔记

新概念英语第四册课堂笔记

新概念英语第四册课堂笔记新概念英语第四册课堂笔记1 fossil man (化⽯⼈)Why are legends handed down by storytellers usefulWe can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of story tellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.【New words and expressions ⽣词和短语】fossil man adj. 化⽯⼈recount v. 叙述saga n. 英雄故事legend n. 传说,传奇migration n. 迁移,移居anthropologist n. ⼈类学家archaeologist n. 考古学家ancestor n. 祖先Polynesian adj.波利尼西亚(中太平洋之⼀群岛)的Indonesia n. 印度尼西亚flint n. 燧⽯rot n. 烂掉【课⽂注释】down 把...传下去例句:Many old legends were handed down from generation by mouth.许多古⽼的传说都是⼀代⼀代⼝传下来了。

新概念英语四册课堂笔记TheEarthBeneath

新概念英语四册课堂笔记TheEarthBeneath

新概念英语四册课堂笔记TheEarthBeneath新概念英语四册课堂笔记The Earth BeneathL52 The Earth BeneathAn earthquake comes like a thief in the night, without warning.It was necessary, therefore, to inventinstruments that neither slumbered nor slept.Some devices were quite simple.one, for instance,consisted of rods of various lengths and thicknesses which would stand up on end like ninepins.when a shock came it shook the rigid table upon which these stood.If it were gentle, only the moreunstable rods fell.If it were severe, they all fell.Thus the rods by falling, and by the direction inwhich they fell, recorded for the slumbering scientist the strength of a shock that was too weak towaken him and the direction from which it came.But instruments far more delicate than that were needed if any really serious advance was to bemade.The ideal to be aimed at was to devise an instrument that could record with a pen on paper themovements, of the ground or of the table, as the quake passed by.While I write my pen moves, butthe paper keeps still.With practice, no doubt, I could in time learn to write by holding the still whilethe paper moved.That sounds a silly suggestion, but that was precisely the idea adopted in some ofthe early instruments (seismometers) for recording earthquake waves.But when table, penholderand paper are all moving how is itpossible to write legibly? The key to a solution of that problemlay in an everyday observation.Why does a person standing in a bus or train tend to fall when asudden start is made? It is because his feet move on, but his head stays still.A simple experimentwill help us a little further.Tie a heavy weight at the end of a long piece of string.With the hand heldhigh in the air hold the strings so that the weight nearly touches the ground.Now move the hand toand fro and around but not up and down.It will be found that the weight moves but slightly or not atall.Imagine a pen attached to the weight in such a way that its point rests upon a piece of paper onthe floor.Imagine an earthquake shock shaking the floor, the paper, you and your hand.In the midstof all this movement the weight and the pen would be still.But as the paper moved from side to sideunder the pen point its movement would be recorded in ink upon its surface.It was upon thisprinciple that the first instruments were made, but the paper was wrapped round a drum whichrotated slowly.As long as all was still the pen drew a straight line, but while the drum was beingshaken the line that the pen was drawing wriggled from side to side.The apparatus thus described,however, records only the horizontal component of the wave movement, which is, in fact, muchmore complicated.If we could actually see the path described by a particle, suchas a sand grain inthe rock, it would be more like that of a bluebottle buzzing round the room; it would be up and down,to and fro and from side to side.Instruments have been devised and can he so placed that all threeelements can be recorded in different graphs.When the instrument is situated at more than 700 miles from the earthquake centre, the graphicrecord shows three waves arriving one after the other at short intervals.The first records the arrivalof longitudinal vibrations.The second marks the arrival of transverse vibrations which travel moreslowly and arrive several minutes after the first.These two have travelled through the earth.It wasfrom the study of these that so much was learnt about the interior of the earth.The third, or mainwave, is the slowest and has travelled round the earth through the surface rocks.。

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新概念英语第四册课堂笔记1 fossil man (化石人)Why are legends handed down by storytellers usefulWe can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of story tellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.【New words and expressions 生词和短语】fossil man adj. 化石人recount v. 叙述saga n. 英雄故事legend n. 传说,传奇migration n. 迁移,移居anthropologist n. 人类学家archaeologist n. 考古学家ancestor n. 祖先Polynesian adj.波利尼西亚(中太平洋之一群岛)的Indonesia n. 印度尼西亚flint n. 燧石rot n. 烂掉【课文注释】down 把...传下去例句:Many old legends were handed down from generation by mouth.许多古老的传说都是一代一代口传下来了。

-of,读到,和read about是相同的意思。

谈到:speak of,talk of了解到:know of听到:hear offirst people,原始人people+s 表示民族they had any: 即便是有,表假设例句:His relatives, if he had any, never went to visit him when he was hospitalized.他的亲戚,即便他还有的话,在他住院时也从来不去看他。

even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace,这个以when引导的状语从句表示让步的意思,而when可以译成“虽然”,“尽管”。

【参考译文】我们从书籍中可读到5,000 年前近东发生的事情,那里的人最早学会了写字。

但直到现在,世界上有些地方,人们还不会书写。

他们保存历史的唯一办法是将历史当作传说讲述,由讲述人一代接一代地将史实描述为传奇故事口传下来。

人类学家过去不清楚如今生活在太平洋诸岛上的波利尼西亚人的祖先来自何方,当地人的传说却告诉人们:其中一部分是约在2,000年前从印度尼西亚迁来的。

但是,和我们相似的原始人生活的年代太久远了,因此,有关他们的传说既使有如今也失传了。

于是,考古学家们既缺乏历史记载,又无口头传说来帮助他们弄清最早的“现代人”是从哪里来的。

然而,幸运的是,远古人用石头制作了工具,特别是用燧石,因为燧石较之其他石头更容易成形。

他们也可能用过木头和兽皮,但这类东西早已腐烂殆尽。

石头是不会腐烂的。

因此,尽管制造这些工具的人的骨头早已荡然无存,但远古时代的石头工具却保存了下来。

【作业时间】1. 我们为大家提供了两种主流英语发音的音频,请大家下载自己喜欢的一种,放到MP3里反复听!(刚开始练习英语听力和口语最好选定一种学习,不要英音美音混淆哦!)*2. 背诵、并默写今天的课文。

实在没有时间的同学就抄写一遍吧。

(希望大家多多开口,我会帮大家做点评,可能偶尔会稍有点儿晚,还请见谅哈^^)3. 用今天学到的单词或句型造句一个。

Lesson 2 Spare that spider不要伤害蜘蛛First listen and then answer the following question.听录音,然后回答以下问题。

How much of each year do spiders spend killing insectsWhy, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends Because they destroy so many insects, and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the human race. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals. We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the numberdestroyed by spiders. Moreover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never do the harm to us or our belongings.Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them. One can tell the difference almost at a glance, for a spider always has eight legs and insect never more than six.How many spiders are engaged in this work no our behalf One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in grass field in the south of England, and he estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre; that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch. Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects. It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill, but they are hungry creatures, not content with only three meals a day. It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country.T. H. GILLESPLE Spare that spider from The Listener-New words and expressionsBeast n. 野兽Census n. 统计数字Acre n. 英亩Content adj. 满足的本文参考译文你可能会觉得奇怪,蜘蛛怎么会是我们的朋友呢因为它们能消灭那么多的昆虫,其中包括一些人类的大敌,要不是人类受一些食虫动物的保护,昆虫就会使我们无法在地球上生活下去,昆虫会吞食我们的全部庄稼,杀死我们的成群的牛羊。

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