英语学术论文写作技巧academicwritingskills(全英文版)
英语满分作文技巧
英语满分作文技巧Essay Writing Tips for a Perfect Score。
Essay writing is an essential skill for students to master, as it is often used as a form of assessment in many academic settings. Whether it's for an exam, a class assignment, or a standardized test, knowing how to write a well-structured and coherent essay can make all the difference in achieving a high score. Here are some tips to help you improve your essay writing skills and achieve a perfect score.First and foremost, it is crucial to understand the prompt or question before you begin writing. Take the time to carefully read and analyze the prompt, and make sure you fully comprehend what is being asked of you. Pay attention to key words and phrases, and consider the purpose and audience of your essay. This will help you stay focused and on track as you write.Once you have a clear understanding of the prompt, it's important to brainstorm and plan your essay. Organize your thoughts and ideas, and create an outline to guide your writing. Consider the main points you want to make, and think about how you will support them with evidence and examples. A well-structured outline will help you stay organized and ensure that your essay flows logically from start to finish.When it comes to actually writing the essay, it's important to pay attention to your language and tone. Use clear and concise language, and avoid using overly complex or convoluted sentences. Be mindful of your tone, andstrive to maintain a formal and academic style throughout your essay. Additionally, be sure to use proper grammar, punctuation, and spelling to convey your ideas effectively.Another key aspect of essay writing is the use of evidence and examples to support your arguments. When making a point, be sure to back it up with relevant evidence and examples. This could include data, statistics, quotes from experts, or real-life examples. Providingstrong evidence will make your arguments more persuasive and help you build a convincing case for your position.In addition to using evidence, it's important to consider counterarguments and address them in your essay. Acknowledging and refuting opposing viewpoints demonstrates critical thinking and strengthens your own argument. It also shows that you have considered multiple perspectives on the issue at hand, which can impress your readers and earn you extra points.Finally, don't forget to revise and edit your essay before submitting it. Take the time to review your work, checking for any errors or inconsistencies. Look for opportunities to improve your language and structure, and make sure that your essay is well-organized and coherent. Consider seeking feedback from a teacher, tutor, or classmate to get a fresh perspective on your writing.In conclusion, essay writing is a skill that can be developed and refined with practice. By understanding the prompt, planning your essay, using clear and persuasivelanguage, providing evidence, addressing counterarguments, and revising your work, you can improve your essay writing skills and achieve a perfect score. Keep these tips in mind as you continue to practice and refine your writing, and you will be well on your way to becoming a proficient and effective essay writer.。
Academic Writing Skill
Preparation
Take down basic points from as many sources as you can manage and compare what the authors are saying as you are reading. There will be both similarities and differences in their views and it helps if you can begin to classify authors together.
Writing Style
Argument - an argument is a main idea backed up with evidence and support the idea
You need to challenge the idea , either defend it , refute it or offer some new idea of your own.
Introduction
Set the context of the essay Include a few opening sentences that
announce the title, and briefly explain the topic of the text. Present the aim of the text and summarize the main finding or key argument. Conclude the introduction with a brief statement of your evaluation of the text. This can be a positive or negative evaluation or, as is usually the case, a mixed response.
Essay Writing Skills 英文论文写作技能
Essay Writing SkillsThis guide is designed to help students to structure their work. Like any written work, essays require careful planning, reading and note taking, appropriate academic style, referencing and structure.An essay is different from a report in that it is generally written as one flowing document that uses paragraphs to separate ideas, without the section headings, underlining, numbering and bullet points that are used in reports. Usually, essays do NOT have diagrams or appendices.Essays have 4 vital sections: Introduction, Main Body, Conclusion and References/Bibliography. The word count applies to three essay sections, NOT including the References or Bibliography.The Introduction paragraph/sectionThis helps set the context for the essay. It introduces the main ideas of the essay and draws the reader into the subject. A good Introduction gets to the heart of the subject and captures（俘获）the interest of the reader, acting as a trailer to what is to follow. It tells readers what to expect by addressing Who, What, When, Where, Why and How? The Introduction outlines the main issues on which you intend to focus and others you just intend to mention. In this way it sets your parameters. It defines any terms or concepts that you need and acknowledges possible issues raised by the question and explains your approach. It could include a comment upon the importance of the topic. It may act as an overview in summarising the issues to show an understanding of the exact question and present the method of research or experiment. It is often about 10% of the length of the essay.An example of a basic Introduction for ‘Discuss the relevance of the marketing mix for a tourism organisation’ might be:The purpose of this essay is to… (repeat the essay task in your own words, i.e. discuss …). The basic marketing mix is known as the 4Ps and is attributed to McCarthy over 40 years ago. It is stilluseful and quoted today. This essay will use examples from P&O Cruises to discuss the relevance of the 4Ps – i.e. product, place, promotion and price. Because a tourism organisation offers an intangible service, the 4Ps apply in a different way to many products.A good Introduction might be:McCarthy’s 4Ps model of the marketing mix (1960) appears to have global recognition and is widely used. However, since the 1980s other academics such as Booms and Bitner (1981) have developed his theory and extended the marketing mix in order for it to apply more effectively to tourism by including other elements such as ‘People’ (as tourism is an intangible, non-standard, perishable product reliant on people delivering the service). This essay will define and discuss various marketing mix models and consider various views for either keeping a simple 4Ps or extending to 5Ps, 7Ps or more, and consider whether all aspects are equally relevant. The relevance of these marketing mixes will be applied to a tourist board, as this faces special challenges.The main body is the place for your evidence!The main section of the work should be organised into paragraphs which present the facts and develop the arguments. The structure will depend upon what you are asked to do, e.g. compare and contrast, analyse, critically evaluate, explain, etc..Address the exact task and focus of the question set. It is this difference that gives work better grades. Never write all you know about a topic!Decide on your main points. Organise these points in appropriate paragraphs to build your work in a series of logical steps to suit the essay’s length, complexity and purpose. P aragraphs group related sentences to develop each main idea, making it easier to follow your points. In each paragraph include PEEEL–P oint, E vidence, E xample, E xplain, L ink.Paragraphs need a key P oint which is often the first sentence. Define your point, clearly and concisely. Then include supporting E vidence, quote definitions, refer to facts, and other people’s theories that relate to the same point. Apply relevant E xamples to clarify. E xplain the relevance to the main point in following sentences. Often paragraphs have four to eight sentences that show your evidence and comments upon it. Make sure paragraphs L ink with preceding or subsequent content and use signposts and linking expressions frequently. Remember to keep linking to the essay title. The final sentence of a paragraph acts as link forward to the information of the next paragraph.So paragraphs share characteristics (UCOD). All the sentences in a paragraph have U nity as they should relate to the same point/ topic. Each paragraph should be C oherent, containing sentences in logical order, with linking words helping to make transitions between sentences. The O rder of information should be clear, whether it is chronological or by order of importance. Paragraphs can be D eveloped by using examples, comparison, contrast, statistics, definitions, analysis or a combination of these, depending on the purpose of writing o r the subject matter. Always check that you define (before you develop) important ideas/ concepts used in your work. Avoid long and rambling sentences and paragraphs. Consider the length of each paragraph and if the points could be more clearly expressed and if separate paragraphs are needed.Write as concisely as possible. Remember KISS; K eep I t S hort and S imple to make your meanings clear. Use Academic Style to check Business School requirements, which generally avoid using slang, informality and persona l pronouns like ‘I’or ‘We’or ‘You’.Use signposting words and phrases (e.g. therefore, however, conversely, again) to help readers follow your work. Phrases such as "The underlying reason" may be used to address thecause/effect and show relationships between concepts, etc. "It is disputable whether" may be used in arguments (i.e. giving and evaluating information). "The first factor to consider” may be used to order or process (showing how something is done).When you provide specific detail/s as evidence, follow Harvard Referencing system. Show how each reference used relates to the exact task and supports your points. You are the detective giving all possible evidence to support the case! State your evidence for all assertions. Avoid generalisations (e.g. All authors consider…), assumptions (e.g. People in Britain are British) and rhetorical questions (e.g. Why does this happen?). Choose your quotes carefully, keeping them brief and explaining the importance and relevance of each. You need to use as much evidence as possible! Quotes need to be within quotation marks and clearly state Author (year: page number). Paraphrased references need Author (year). Copy all reference details into the References/ Bibliography immediately, fully and accurately as this is better than compiling the list later.Refer to all your sources in 2 places:∙in the main body of your work in the abbreviated form∙in the last section, in a detailed list of References/Bibliography.Conclusions – Summarising key points in the last section/paragraphsRestate your focus by emphasising the key points, drawing together the threads of your work. A basic conclusion refers back to the main points, linking them to the exact task to prove that you have addressed it exactly. For example, ‘This essay has looked at the issues of… and found…’DO NOT include any new information/evidence because you are ‘summing up’ (as for a jury!). For this reason, you generally do not include any text citations but you may cross reference. Check your Conclusion refers back to the Introduction. Link them in case the reader was not paying attention! Make sure that your ending does not tail off weakly as a conclusion should be strong!This may be the place for you to form a judgement - your own personal conclusion/personal observations. Sometimes this is the place to make recommendations. Lecturers will advise you what they expect. Ask if you are unsure.References/ BibliographyFollow Harvard Referencing for all referencing and quotations. Referencing is the process of recording details of the secondary sources (books, journal articles, electronic sources etc.). Read the Harvard Referencing for examples of how to reference any sort of material. Check your Harvard Referencing is thorough - that you have included all your sources. Cross-reference points where possible to avoid repetition.Remember References at the back of your essay ONLY contain sources that you have referred to in the text. Bibliographies contain all the sources that you used in your research, e ven if you did not quote or refer to them specifically in your text. Your lecturer will advise you which they require.Finally - Hand in on time to avoid penalty!。
完整地英文作文技巧
完整地英文作文技巧1. Writing a complete English essay can be a challenging task, especially if you want to make it sound natural and conversational.2. One important tip is to vary your sentence structure and length to keep the reader engaged. Short, punchy sentences can create a sense of urgency, while longer, more complex sentences can add depth and detail to your writing.3. Another key aspect of writing a complete English essay is to pay attention to your vocabulary. Using a diverse range of words and phrases can make your writing more interesting and expressive.4. It's also crucial to consider the tone and style of your writing. Depending on the topic and audience, you may want to adopt a formal, informal, or even humorous tone to effectively convey your message.5. Additionally, be mindful of your grammar and punctuation. Proper use of these elements can significantly impact the clarity and coherence of your writing.6. Lastly, don't be afraid to inject your ownpersonality and voice into your writing. This can help you connect with your readers and make your essay more memorable.7. In conclusion, writing a complete English essay involves paying attention to various aspects such as sentence structure, vocabulary, tone, grammar, and personal voice. By mastering these skills, you can create compelling and engaging essays that effectively communicate your ideas.。
英文学术论文写作技巧(写作常用句型)
英文学术论文写作技巧（常用句型）用英语写学术论文的目的主要有两个，一是参加国际学术会议，在会议上宣讲，促进学术交流；二是在国际学术刊物上发表，使国外同行了解自己的研究成果，同样也是出于学术交流的目的。
不同的学科或领域、不同的刊物对论文的格式有不同的要求，但各个领域的研究论文在文体和语言特点上都有许多共性。
了解了这些语言共性，便会起到触类旁通的作用。
对我国青年学者或学生来说，用英语写作的难点不是没有写作材料，不是不熟悉专业词汇，也不是没有打下良好的英语基础。
用英语写论文难，是因为不太了解学术英语的语言特点。
关于学术英语写作的语言技巧，我们已在第一部分作了较详细的介绍。
此部分讨论学术论文写作的方法，包括学术论文写作中常用的句型结构，我们都在此作较详细介绍，以便读者模仿练习，将写作工作化难为易。
一般来说，一篇完整规范的学术论文由以下各部分构成：Title(标题)Abstract(摘要)Keywords(关键词)Table of contents(目录)Nomenclature(术语表)Introduction(引言)Method(方法)Results(结果)Discussion(讨论)Conclusion(结论)Acknowledgement(致谢)Reference(参考文献)Appendix(附录)其中Title，Abstract，Introduction，Method，Result，Discussion，Conclusion，Reference等八项内容是必不可少的(其他内容根据具体需要而定)。
在这八项内容中，读者最多的是Title，Abstract和Introduction部分，读者会根据这些内容来决定是否阅读全文。
也就是说，一篇研究论文赢得读者的多少，在很大程度上取决于Title，Abstract和Introduction写得好坏。
因此这三项内容将各分章详细加以讲述。
学术论文的正文一般包括Method，Result，Discussion三个部分。
有关写作技能的英语作文
有关写作技能的英语作文英文回答：Writing is a fundamental skill that requires a combination of cognitive, analytical, and creative abilities. It is essential for effective communication, academic success, and professional advancement.The Importance of Writing Skills.Writing skills play a crucial role in:Expression and Communication: Writing allows individuals to convey their thoughts, ideas, and emotions in a clear and concise manner.Critical Thinking and Analysis: Writing encourages individuals to critically evaluate information, synthesize ideas, and form logical conclusions.Problem Solving: Writing helps individuals explore different solutions to problems and present them in a persuasive and organized manner.Academic Achievement: Writing is a key component of academic success, enabling students to demonstrate their knowledge, analysis, and research skills.Professional Advancement: Strong writing skills are highly valued in the workplace, where effective communication is essential for building relationships, conveying information, and advancing projects.Developing Strong Writing Skills.Developing strong writing skills requires consistent practice and dedication. Here are some key strategies:Read Widely: Reading exposes individuals to different writing styles, expanding their vocabulary and understanding of grammar.Write Regularly: Regular writing practice builds fluency and strengthens writing muscles. Starting with freewriting or journaling can be beneficial.Seek Feedback: Constructive criticism from peers, instructors, or writing tutors can help identify areas for improvement.Study Grammar and Usage: A strong foundation in grammar and usage ensures clarity, accuracy, and consistency in writing.Use Writing Aids: Dictionaries, thesauruses, and grammar checkers can provide quick assistance with vocabulary, spelling, and grammatical issues.Revise and Edit: Writing is an iterative process that involves multiple rounds of revision and editing. This helps refine ideas, eliminate errors, and improve clarity.Conclusion.Writing skills are essential for personal and professional success. By reading widely, writing regularly, seeking feedback, and embracing grammar and usage, individuals can develop strong writing abilities that empower them to communicate effectively, think critically, and achieve their goals.中文回答：写作技能的重要性。
英语学术论文写作技巧academic writing skills(全英文版)共38页文档
protection/copyright protection” Discuss the following with a partner: Look at the project title above and highlight the key words/phrases. How is the title framed (e.g. statement/question/heading)? What does the title ask you to do?
- gathering information from various sources;
- organizing this information so that it appropriately answers the needs of the task that the writer has to complete;
The reasons why students carry out extended academic writing activities may s their ideas; to provide evidence to support their ideas; to dispute or support existing theories; to display knowledge.
Internet. e) Write down the details of your sources. f) Decide if you need to do more reading. g) Write the contents page, bibliography, title page and abstract. h) Arrange a tutorial with your tutor. i) Do some reading. j) Decide on a topic. k) Write the first complete draft. l) Highlight/take notes of relevant information. m) Plan the contents in detail. n) Work on establishing a clear focus. o) Make a rough outline plan of your ideas. p) Check that sources are available/accessible.
Academic Writing Skills (Part II)2011
Things that you should not do
Colloquialisms： don’ I’ they’ Colloquialisms： don’t, I’lore English, Chinglish, and other hundreds of dialects; Slang: British slang—”bad” means slang— bad” good
First 2-3 words of the work title, no article 2The book College Bound Senior (1979) …study finds (“On Free Care,” 1982 ) Care,”
Works from Electronic Sources
Other tips for academic writing
Check your paper using spelling checking in MS Word software. Ask and exchange your paper for proof-reading. proofSave your paper in at least two places (use your email box or web-storage service). webKeep a record for each of your revision paper.
Academic Writing Skills (Part II)
LU Mingtian
Formal vs. informal (common & colloquial )
ESP: academic writing: social science About 30 different academic styles， styles， infor from the Internet.
英语学术论文写作技巧academic writing skills(全英文版)
Introduction
Main body
Conclusion
1) 2)
3) 4) …
1) 2)
3) Developing a focus Steps in getting started:
Choosing a topic Brainstorming ideas Narrowing the focus by asking yourself questions Establishing a working title which is flexible and developmental Choosing some of your sources by looking at journals, books and websites
6)
Task 3: Starting Project
Work on this project by answering the following questions, which are grouped under the three broad headings Introduction, Main body and Conclusion. First read the questions.
Task 1: What do students write? Essay Extended essay or project Report Thesis Dissertation Case study
Whatever form of extended writing students are expected to do, the process will usually involve the following steps: - gathering information from various sources; - organizing this information so that it appropriately answers the needs of the task that the writer has to complete; - planning the text; - drafting and redrafting the text until it communicates the information and ideas fully and clearly.
如何有好的书法英语作文
Writing a good calligraphy in English involves a combination of artistic skill and technical precision. Here are some steps to help you achieve a beautiful and legible script:1. Choose the Right Tools: Select a pen that suits your writing style. Fountain pens and calligraphy pens are popular choices for their ability to create varying line widths.2. Understand the Basics: Learn about the different styles of English calligraphy, such as Copperplate, Spencerian, or Modern Calligraphy. Each has its own unique characteristics and techniques.3. Practice Basic Strokes: Start by practicing basic strokes like the downstroke, upstroke, and the oval. These are the building blocks of more complex letters.4. Learn Letter Formation: Study the formation of each letter in the style you have chosen. Pay attention to the angles, curves, and the way the letters connect to each other.5. Consistency is Key: Ensure that your letters are consistent in size, slant, and spacing. This will make your writing look more professional and aesthetically pleasing.6. Guidelines and Grids: Use guidelines or a grid to help maintain consistent letter height and spacing. This is especially important for beginners.7. Hold the Pen Correctly: The way you hold your pen can greatly affect your writing. Hold it at a slight angle and use a relaxed grip to allow for fluid movement.8. Posture Matters: Sit up straight and position your paper at a comfortable angle. This will help you maintain control and reduce strain on your hand and wrist.9. Practice Regularly: Like any skill, calligraphy requires practice. Dedicate time each day to writing and refining your technique.10. Experiment with Ink: Different inks can affect the look of your calligraphy. Experiment with various types to see which one you prefer.11. Study Examples: Look at examples of good calligraphy to understand the flow and rhythm of the script. This can inspire your own writing.12. Personalize Your Style: Once you have mastered the basics, feel free to add your own personal touches to your calligraphy. This could be in the form of unique letter connections or flourishes.13. Patience: Developing good calligraphy takes time and patience. Dont be discouraged if your writing doesnt look perfect right away.14. Seek Feedback: Share your work with others and ask for constructive criticism. This can help you identify areas for improvement.15. Enjoy the Process: Calligraphy is an art form. Enjoy the process of creating something beautiful with your own hands.By following these steps and dedicating time to practice, you can develop your skills and create impressive calligraphy in English. Remember, the key to good calligraphy is patience, practice, and a keen eye for detail.。
Unit 2 Academic Writing【研究生专业英语】
Academic Writing Skills.au/tldinfo/writingskills/podcasts/nursingwritingskills09.pptgenre: a style of expressingyourself in writingWhether you’re a studentsor supervisors, academic writing skills are significant in today’sworld.EssaysReports PresentationsResearch papers Final thesisare just some examples ofdocuments written in the academic style.an analytic or interpretive literary compositionAcademic writing, when used appropriately, presents a polished and professional image.Academic writing skillsencompass:¾strong composition ¾excellent grammar¾a consistent stylistic approach[in'k ʌmp əs]include in scope [stai'listik]perfected or made shiny and smoothof or relating to style(especially in the use oflanguage) It is a learnt skill, rather thana natural ability or quality.2. What is academic writing?Academic writing refers to a particular styleof expression in academia.3. Features of Academic WritingAcademic writing in English is linear, which means it has onecentral point or theme with every part contributing to the main lineof argument, without digressions or repetitions . [dai'gre ʃən]a message that departs from the main subject[.repi'ti ʃən]ComplexityWritten language is relatively more complex than spoken language.FormalityAcademic writing is relativelyformal. In general this means that you should avoid colloquial words.PrecisionIn academic writing, facts andfigures are given precisely .ObjectivityWritten language is in generalobjective. Academic writing tends to use nouns (and adjectives), rather than verbs (and adverbs).Exp’licitnessAcademic writing is explicit about the relationships in the text.AccuracyAcademic writing uses vocabulary accurately.HedgingIn academic writing, it is necessary to make decisions about your stance on a particular subject.ResponsibilityIn academic writing you must be responsible for, and must be able to provide evidence and justification for, any claims you make.[k ə’l əʊkwi:əl] [pri’si ʒən] [pr ɪ’sa ɪsli] [,ɔbd ʒek’tiv əti] Attitude or feeling Characteristics includeEmploying the formal academic style, avoiding jargon , slang , andabbreviations a way of regarding situationsor topics etc.：position , view[p ə'spektiv]Synonyms [t əun]a characteristic language of a particular groupinformal language consisting of words and expressionsA formal toneUse of the third-person rather than first-person perspective Clear focus on the issue or topic rather than the author’s opinion Precise word choiceinvestigate conduct examine verify demonstrate eliminateCharacteristics of informal writingz the use ofcolloquialisms andjargonz writing in the first person viewz making “I”statements, making direct personal statements, andimprecise word choices.[k ə’l əukwi əliz(ə)m] slang, dialect[.impri'sais]characteristic of informal spokenlanguage or conversationJust as you probably would wear shorts and flip-flops to a wedding, there’s a time and a place for informalwriting . Informal writing is fine for diary entries, blogs, personal writing, letters or emails to close friends.The most informal writingimaginable is:z the text message, full of abbreviations such as “R U here ?”toconvey quick questions and responses. z In comparison, the most formal writing of all can be found in legal documents .[i'mæd ʒin əbl][‘pai ərit]someone who uses another person's work or ideas as if they were his own‘plagiarism Writers working on papersfor school, college application essays , scientific papers,research papers , international conference presentations , and business proposals generally employ a more formal style akin to donning a suit or dressto attend a wedding.[ə'kin]similar or related in quality or characterput clothing on one's body['d ɔni ŋ]4. Tips on academic writing ExamplesInformal writing :I think he ’s a loser .Formal writing :Macbeth’s horrific choices cause him to lose everything he holds dear :children, wife, friends, crown and king.frightening colon [ 'k əʊl ən]？The first statement is informal. The writer speaks in the first person , using the word “I”, and states an opinion . The slang term “loser ”, is used, which is inappropriate in a formal context. They also uses the contraction “he’s ”. If this were in the middle of a paragraph, it may be easier to understand towhom the author is referring.Taken as a simple statement, however, it’simpossible to know whether the writer thinks his best friend, hisdog, or a rock star is a loser !The second example uses an academic, formal style . Written in the third-person view , the sentence omits references to the writer and focuses on the issue. Strong, specific adjectives like “horrific ”convey the author’s view clearly without resorting to slang . The use of the colon creates a strong, formal feeling when properly usedhere to introduce a list .[ 'k əʊl ən]Where’s the resource ??•Library•On-line•Data bases (turn on remote access)•Lectures•Text books•Tutorials•News•Newspapers•Everywhere!!!5. Referencing and plagiarismMost plagiarism is acci’dental; either the result of not understanding what actually amounts to plagiarism, or of being poorly organized, so that we use the ideas of others without realizing that’s what we have done.Whenever the author has given somethingdistinctive to the information or its organization,cite the source.Anything that is common knowledge you need not cite: in other words, anything that is not distinctiveof a particular author.distinguishing /skills4study/studyskills/reading/referencing.aspunintendedWhat is plagiarism?Copying ofpassages/text/work/ideas/data without aproperacknowledgement ofthe author. Thisincludes otherstudents’work.['pleidʒiərizəm]Getting started•Find your time•Find your space•Discipline, self & others•Brain storming, clustering, mind mapping•Free writingtry to solve a problemby thinking intensely about it6. Practice makes perfectIntroduction•What is the question?•Global view from the broad to the narrow •Introduce the :•Who•What•When •Where •Why •How 5W+HThe topic•Why is it being asked?•Is it multi layered?•Does it invite a largely factual response?•Is it looking for a particular stance such asargue or cri’tique?[stæns] positionposturereview, assessment, commentLiterature•Is it current?•Is the author a credible source?•Is the subject relevant?•Clustering•References/endnoteBeginning•A quotation –is it relevant•A question•An opinion•An interesting fact•An irony or paradox•An a’nalogy•And anecdote['ænikdəut]story, narrative(especially a biographical one)[‘aiərəni[‘pærədɔks][ə’nælədʒi](logic) a statementthat contradicts itselfirony witty language富于机智的,诙谐的similarityBodyYour paragraphs should flow naturally into oneanother andconnections shouldbe made.Paragraphs•7-8 sentences•Each should be topic specific, preferably with an introductory sentence•Each sentence states the content/context and then some supporting example which is where the references come in.•The last sentence concludes the paragraph and forwards to the next.Transitional words•Joining words»Also, and, again, etc•Comparing words»Also, in comparison•Contracting words»Although, but, conversely, despite, even though, however•Positioning words»Above, adjacent to, below•Situation words»Before, briefly, consequently, finally, first[træn'zi ʃən əl]Conclusions•Don’t introduce anything new •Draw in the introduction •Demonstrate a conclusion•Give the essay a sense of completeness •Leave a final impression7. A comparison between non-academicand academic writingRevision1.Is writing skills vital for students ofscience and technology ?2. What is academic writing?3. Features of Academic Writing4. Tips on academic writing5. Referencing and plagiarism6. Practice makes perfect7. A comparison between non-academicand academic writing。
academic writing skills
In the appropriate boxes below, brainstorm some ideas on the above questions. At the moment, you are only being asked to guess what the answers might be. After this, you will have to carry out the survey and do some reading to find out whether your guesses are correct or not. You will also be reading to find out other ideas about the topic. This reading stage is one of the most important parts of your work because you will be looking for evidence to support your ideas. Write your initial ideas in the boxes below. You only need to write in note form.
Planning 1)
2) 3) Think of working title for the project 4) 5)
Researching 1)
2) 3)Highlight/take notes of relevant information 4) 5)
Writing up 1)
2) 3) 4) 5) Write the contents page, bibliography, title page and abstract.
英语作文 技巧
英语作文技巧English Essay Writing Techniques。
Introduction。
Crafting an effective English essay is a skill that takes time and practice to develop. Whether you are a student writing for academic purposes or an aspiring writer seeking to hone your craft, mastering the art of essay writing can open up a world of opportunities. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the key techniques and strategies that can help you elevate your English essay writing skills.Understanding the Essay Structure。
The foundation of a well-written essay is a solid structure. The traditional essay format typically consists of three main components: the introduction, the body, and the conclusion.The Introduction。
The introduction serves as the opening of your essay, setting the tone and providing the reader with a clear understanding of the topic. It should begin with a captivating hook, such as a thought-provoking question, a striking statement, or an interesting anecdote, to grab the reader's attention. The introduction should also provide some background information on the topic and clearly state the thesis statement, which is the central argument or main idea of the essay.The Body。
学术英语写作进阶教程
学术英语写作进阶教程Title: Advanced Academic English Writing: Elevating Your Craft.Introduction.In the realm of academic writing, proficiency is not just about mastering the basics of grammar and syntax. It involves a deep understanding of the nuances of the English language, coupled with the ability to communicate complex ideas effectively. As researchers and scholars, our writing serves as a bridge between our knowledge and the global academic community. Therefore, it's crucial to elevate our writing skills to ensure that our ideas are not just understood but also impactful.1. Refining Your Voice.In academic writing, your voice is your unique perspective, informed by your research and expertise.Developing a strong academic voice requires you to be confident in your knowledge and ideas. This confidence should translate into your writing, making it authoritative and engaging. Avoid sounding tentative or uncertain, asthis can undermine your credibility. Instead, present your ideas confidently and back them up with evidence and examples.2. Structuring Your Arguments.A well-structured argument is the backbone of any academic writing. It ensures that your ideas flow logically and are easy to follow. Begin by clearly defining yourtopic and research question. Then, outline the main points you want to make and organize them into a logical framework. Use headings and subheadings to break up your text and make it easier to scan. Finally, ensure that your conclusionties back to your introduction and leaves the reader with a clear understanding of your argument.3. Using Language Effectively.In academic writing, precision is key. Choose your words carefully to ensure that you convey your ideas accurately. Avoid using vague or ambiguous language, as it can lead to misinterpretation. Instead, use specific examples and illustrations to clarify your points. Additionally, vary your sentence structure and use active voice to keep your writing dynamic and engaging.4. Incorporating Critical Thinking.Critical thinking is an essential skill in academic writing. It involves analyzing and evaluating information, identifying weaknesses in arguments, and offering alternative perspectives. To incorporate critical thinking into your writing, challenge assumptions and conventional wisdom. Question the validity of sources and provide alternative interpretations. This not only makes your writing more robust but also adds to its credibility.5. Citing Sources Correctly.In academic writing, proper citation is crucial toavoid plagiarism and ensure the credibility of your work. Familiarize yourself with the citation styles used in your field, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago. Ensure that you correctly cite all sources used in your writing, including books, articles, websites, and interviews. Not only does this acknowledge the contributions of others but also helps build trust with your readers.6. Seeking Feedback.Writing is a craft that requires constant practice and refinement. Seeking feedback from peers, mentors, or professional editors can help you identify areas for improvement in your writing. Be open to criticism and useit constructively to enhance your writing skills. Additionally, reading widely and paying attention to the writing styles of others can inspire you and help you develop your own unique voice.Conclusion.Elevating your academic English writing skills is ajourney that requires dedication and practice. By refining your voice, structuring your arguments, using language effectively, incorporating critical thinking, citing sources correctly, and seeking feedback, you can transform your writing from good to great. Remember, every word you write is an opportunity to make a difference in the academic world. So, take the time to craft your ideas carefully and make the most of these opportunities.。
如何有好的书法英语作文
Writing a good calligraphy in English involves a combination of artistic skill and technical precision. Here are some steps to help you achieve a beautiful and legible script:1. Choose the Right Tools: Select a pen that suits your writing style. Fountain pens and calligraphy pens are popular choices for their ability to create varying line widths.2. Understand the Basics: Learn about the different styles of English calligraphy, such as Copperplate, Spencerian, or Modern Calligraphy. Each has its own unique characteristics and techniques.3. Practice Basic Strokes: Start by practicing basic strokes like the downstroke, upstroke, and the oval. These are the building blocks of more complex letters.4. Learn Letter Formation: Study the formation of each letter in the style you have chosen. Pay attention to the angles, curves, and the way the letters connect to each other.5. Consistency is Key: Ensure that your letters are consistent in size, slant, and spacing. This will make your writing look more professional and aesthetically pleasing.6. Guidelines and Grids: Use guidelines or a grid to help maintain consistent letter height and spacing. This is especially important for beginners.7. Hold the Pen Correctly: The way you hold your pen can greatly affect your writing. Hold it at a slight angle and use a relaxed grip to allow for fluid movement.8. Posture Matters: Sit up straight and position your paper at a comfortable angle. This will help you maintain control and reduce strain on your hand and wrist.9. Practice Regularly: Like any skill, calligraphy requires practice. Dedicate time each day to writing and refining your technique.10. Experiment with Ink: Different inks can affect the look of your calligraphy. Experiment with various types to see which one you prefer.11. Study Examples: Look at examples of good calligraphy to understand the flow and rhythm of the script. This can inspire your own writing.12. Personalize Your Style: Once you have mastered the basics, feel free to add your own personal touches to your calligraphy. This could be in the form of unique letter connections or flourishes.13. Patience: Developing good calligraphy takes time and patience. Dont be discouraged if your writing doesnt look perfect right away.14. Seek Feedback: Share your work with others and ask for constructive criticism. This can help you identify areas for improvement.15. Enjoy the Process: Calligraphy is an art form. Enjoy the process of creating something beautiful with your own hands.By following these steps and dedicating time to practice, you can develop your skills and create impressive calligraphy in English. Remember, the key to good calligraphy is patience, practice, and a keen eye for detail.。
Life Skills - Writing - Academic Writing Skills
1
The Experience of Writing
Intense ambivalent experience Feeling of vulnerability, enthusiasm and satisfaction Very seldom spoken about Perceptions of how intelligent you are We only see the ‘best’ Public and private experience
Topic area:
The role of nutrition in the prevention of infection
Main Component Protein Main Component Vitamins
Main Component Minerals
C O N C L U S I O N
The Experience of Writing
Writers Block
Causes: • Insisting on the prefect draft • Waiting for inspiration Useful Strategies: • Make notes • Brainstorming • Piecework • Satisficing
Academic Writing Skills
Phil Halligan
Lecturer in Nursing RCSI
Learning Outcomes
Following this session the student will be able to: • Develop confidence with writing assignments • Employ strategies for beginning and developing an assignment • Review and identify components of a title • Identify the key components of a good assignment • Identify ways of developing a style of writing
英文学术论文写作方法
P6集成引用、非集成引用、施事、盖然性 引用是指在论文的某些章节（例如在文献回顾、讨论部分），要提到某个研究者，并引用这位研究者所说过的一句话或理论主张，或下的定义，或研究发现。 集成引用指的是在论文里直接提到作者。下面的Chomsky的例子就是。再如, Swales(1990) stated that , (P92，第8段第4行、第15段第3行 ），当作者重要时. 非集成引用指的是不直接提及作者，而是注释一下，例如放在句末括号里，或标注（P15第1段第3、5、7行），当作者不重要时 。 施事，agent：指做某件事的人，与受事recipient对应。被动态中的施事指的是被动句中动作的发出者，例如：As is suggested by Chomsky(1965).这句中的Chomsky就是一个施事。 盖然性, 或然性，probability: 数学概念，指某种情况的发生概率不是100%，而是处于0-1之间(若为no，则是0，若为yes，则是1，处于两者之间的就是probably) 。在书中此处意思是过去时和现在完成时的使用不是完全非此即彼，文中用了“比较普遍”，“多使用”等词表示。Mostly, usually, sometimes, always， maybe,
Why reading, translation, and writing?
The purpose of reading practice is to digest the lecture; while the purpose of translation is to make you become alert with the different sentence structures of the Chinese and English languages; and the so-called writing practice is for you to have a chance to translate the sections of your own article into English.
英语满分作文技巧
英语满分作文技巧Title: Mastering English Essay Writing: Tips for Achieving Top Scores。
Achieving a perfect score in English essay writing requires a combination of skill, practice, and strategic thinking. Here are some essential techniques to help you excel in your English compositions:1. Understand the Prompt: Before diving into writing, ensure you fully comprehend the prompt. Analyze the key components, identify the main topic, and grasp any specific instructions or requirements provided.2. Create a Strong Thesis Statement: Your thesis statement serves as the foundation of your essay. Craft a clear and concise statement that outlines the main argument or position you will be defending throughout your essay.3. Outline Your Ideas: Organize your thoughts bycreating an outline before you start writing. This helps in structuring your essay logically and ensures that your ideas flow smoothly from one point to the next.4. Introduction with Impact: Begin your essay with an engaging introduction that grabs the reader's attention and provides context for your topic. Introduce your thesis statement towards the end of the introduction to set the stage for the rest of your essay.5. Body Paragraphs with Evidence: Each body paragraph should focus on a single main idea or argument, supported by relevant evidence or examples. Ensure coherence and cohesion within paragraphs by using transitional phrases to connect ideas.6. Effective Use of Language: Demonstrate your command of the English language by using varied vocabulary, appropriate syntax, and sophisticated sentence structures. Avoid repetitive language and strive for clarity and precision in your writing.7. Incorporate Textual Evidence: When analyzing literature or discussing specific texts, incorporate direct quotations or references to support your arguments. Be sure to properly cite your sources using the appropriatecitation style (e.g., MLA, APA).8. Critical Analysis: Engage critically with the material by providing insightful analysis and interpretation. Don't just summarize the text; instead, delve deeper into its themes, characters, and literary devices to uncover layers of meaning.9. Counterarguments and Rebuttal: Anticipate and address potential counterarguments to your thesis. Acknowledge opposing viewpoints and provide a thoughtful rebuttal to strengthen your argument and demonstrate your analytical skills.10. Concluding Remarks: End your essay with a strong conclusion that summarizes your main points and reinforces your thesis. Avoid introducing new information in the conclusion and leave the reader with a lasting impressionof your argument.11. Revision and Proofreading: Take the time to revise and proofread your essay carefully. Look for any grammatical errors, typos, or inconsistencies, and make necessary revisions to improve clarity and coherence.12. Seek Feedback: Before submitting your essay, consider seeking feedback from peers, teachers, or tutors. Constructive feedback can help you identify areas for improvement and refine your writing skills further.In conclusion, mastering the art of English essay writing requires practice, perseverance, and attention to detail. By following these tips and techniques, you can enhance your writing skills and increase your chances of achieving top scores in your English compositions.。
英语作文技巧
英语作文技巧Essay Writing Tips。
Essay writing is an essential skill that students need to learn in order to succeed in their academic careers. However, many students struggle with this task and find it difficult to produce high-quality essays. In this article, we will discuss some tips and techniques that can help students improve their essay writing skills.1. Understand the Assignment。
Before you start writing your essay, it is important to understand the assignment. Read the instructions carefully and make sure you know what is expected of you. If you have any questions, ask your teacher or professor for clarification.2. Brainstorm Ideas。
Once you understand the assignment, it is time to brainstorm ideas. Think about the topic and jot down any ideas that come to mind. You can use a mind map or a list to organize your thoughts.3. Create an Outline。