电力电子翻译

abstractPower electronic technology is divided into power electronics manufacturing technology and variable flow technology (rectifier, inverter, chopper, inverter, a disguised form, etc.) two branches.Has now become indispensable to modern electrical engineering and automation major a professional basic course, occupies an important position in cultivating the professional talents.Power Electronics (Power Electronics) this name is in the 1960 s. In 1974, the United States W.N ewell with an inverted triangle (pictured) for power electronics are described, that it is by electricity, electronics and control theory of the three disciplines cross. This view is widely accepted around the world. \"Power electronics\" and \"power electronic technology\" is respectively from the Angle of the two different academic and engineering technology to call. It is generally believed that the birth of the power electronic technology is a 1957 American ge company developed the first symbol of thyristor, power electronic technology and is based on the concept of the thyristor and thyratron converter technology development and establishment of the. Previously have been used in power transformation of the electronic technology, so the thyristor appeared in front of the period can be referred to as the power electronic technology of prehistoric or dawn. In the late 70 s at the door may be shut off thyristor (decision), Power bipolar transistor (BJT), electric Power field effect tube (Power MOSFET) type of all control device development at full speed (all control device is characterized by polar opposite gate or both the base control can make its opening to shut off). Make the power electronic technology has taken on a entirely newlook entered a new stage of development. In the late 80 s, with insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT as composite of MOSFET and BJT) represented by the complex device set driving power is small, fast switching speed, state the pressure drop is small, current carrying capacity is greater than one, superior performance make it become the main device of modern power electronic technology. In order to make the compact structure of power electronic devices, the volume decreases, and often take a number of power electronic devices and necessary auxiliary device to make the form of module, then the drive, control, protection circuit and the power device together, constitute the power integrated circuit (PIC). The power of the PIC is small but it represents the power electronic technology is an important direction of development.Using electricity power electronic devices to realize industrial scale transform technology, sometimes referred to as the power electronic technology. In general, it is a form of industrialelectrical energy is converted into another form of industrial electricity. For example, ac power can transform into direct current or direct current can transform into ac electricity; The industrial frequency power transformation equipment required for frequency of power supply; In the normal ac power is interrupted, using inverter (see power converter) battery dc can transform into power frequency ac power. Application of power electronic technology can realize the conversion between electric energy and electric energy. For example, the use of solar cells convert solar radiation into electricity. With the electronic technology, power electronics technology transform electricity as energy rather than as a carrier of information sensing. So people of can convert electric power.Power electronic technology is based on the principle of electronics, electrical and automatic control of three disciplines on the emerging discipline. Because it is itself a high power electric technology, mostly for the application of high-voltage electrical industrial services, reason often it belongs to the electrician class. The content of the power electronic technology mainly includes the power electronics, power electronic circuits and power electronic device and its system. Power electronic devices in semiconductors as the basic materials, the most commonly used material for monocrystalline silicon; Its theory foundation for semiconductor physics; Its process technology for semiconductor devices. The modern new power electronic devices in a large number of applications of microelectronics technology. Power electronic circuit has absorbed the theoretical basis of electronics and according to the characteristics of the device and the requirement of electric energy conversion, and developed many electric energy conversion circuit. The circuit includes a variety of control, triggering, protection, display, information processing, such as relay contact secondary circuit and peripheral circuit. Use of these circuits, depending on the application object, form the various USES of the whole machine, referred to as the power electronic devices. These devices often associated with load, the necessary equipment to form a system. Electronics, electrical engineering, automatic control and signal detection, technology used in these devices and a large number of applications in the system.ApplicationGeneral industrial:Ac/dc motor, electrochemical industry, metallurgical industryTransportation:Electrified railway, electric automobile, aviation, aerospace, navigationPower system:High-voltage direct current transmission, flexible ac transmission, reactive power compensationPower electronic device:For information on power electronic devicesHousehold appliances:"Energy-saving lamps, frequency conversion air conditioning"Other:UPS, shuttle, new energy, power systemsrole(1) the optimization of energy use. Through the handling of electricity power electronic technology, make use of reasonable, efficient, and save electricity, realized the optimization of the utilization of electric power. For example, in terms of energy saving, in view of the fan, water pump, electric traction, mill metallurgy, light industry, paper making, industrial furnaces, induction heating, welding, chemical industry, electrolytic 14 aspects, such as investigation, total potential energy saving equivalent to 16% of the 1990 national capacity, so the application of power electronic technology is a strategy of energy saving measures, general energy-saving effect of up to 10% - 10%, our country has many devices listed in the application of energy saving projects.(2) to transform traditional industries and the development of emerging industries such as mechanical and electrical integration. According to forecast of developed countries, the future will have 95% of its electricity to treat before using the power electronic technology, the various industrial and civil electrical and mechanical equipment, with 95% related to power electronics industry, in particular, the power electronic technology is high voltage low voltage control of the media, is an important interface between mechanical and electrical equipment and computer, it adopt micro-electronic technology for traditional industries and emerging industry created the conditions, guarantee and give play to the role of computer basis.(3) the development of power electronic technology of high frequency and frequency conversion technology, will make the mechanical and electrical equipment breaks through the traditional power frequency, develop to the direction of high frequency. Achieve the best efficiency, reduce the volume of a mechanical and electrical equipment will be a few times, a few times, reach high response speed, and can adapt to any reference signal, no noise and has new functions and purposes.(4) the progress of the power electronic intelligence, information processing in a certain degree of one with processing power, and make the integration of microelectronic technology and power electronics technology, its development may cause the major reform of electronic technology. Someone even suggested that under the electronics a revolution will take place in the industrial equipment and power grid as an object of the electronic technologyapplications, power electronics technology will bring people to the edge of the second electronic revolution.The deviceIn 1902 the first glass mercury rectifier. In 1910 appeared iron-clad mercury rectifier. Replace the mechanical switch with mercury rectifier and inverter, the power electronic technology is started. In 1920 developed rector, in 1923 the selenium rectifier. In the 30 s, the rectifier began to a large number of used in power rectification device. The transistor in the late 1940 s. In the early 1950 s, to the development of high power transistor, at the same time made of high-power diode semiconductor single crystal materials was developed. In 1954, the Swedish general motor company (ASEA) will first mercury arc tube used for high voltage rectifier and inverter, and application in + 100 kv dc transmission lines, transmission 20 megawatts of electricity. In 1956, americans j. Moore made thyristor. In 1957, americans R.A. york made practical thyristor. The late '50 s and thyristor is used in the power electronic devices, since the 60 s get rapid promotion, and developed a series of derived device, expand the application field of the power electronic technology. Power electronic circuit As the thyristor application promotion, developed many power electronic circuits, according to its function can be divided into: (1) to convert ac power to dc rectifier circuit; (2) to direct current (dc) can be converted into ac power inverter circuit; (3) will be a form of communication electrical energy converted into another form of communication power conversion circuit of communication; (4) will be in the form of a direct current (dc) can be converted into another form of dc to dc conversion circuit. These circuits contain thyristor, and every thyristor needs corresponding trigger. So with the power electronic circuits appeared a lot of trigger control circuit. Depending on the device, the control circuit in general can be divided into three generations. The first generation of the control circuit is mainly composed of discrete electronic components (such as transistors, diodes). Until the late 80 s, also used a lot. The second generation is composed of integrated circuit. Since 1958, the United States theworld's first integrated circuit, exceptionally rapid development. It is applied to the control circuit of the power electronic device, make its compact structure, function and reliability was improved. The third generation by microcomputer control. Since the 70 s, due to the development of microcomputer power electronic device further progress towards the realization of intelligent. Power electronic device with the development of power electronic circuits and improvement of many types of thyristor power electronic device appear constantly. Such as high-power electrolytic power supply, welding power source, plating with dc power supply; Dc and ac traction, dc drive, ac cascade speed regulation, frequency control of motor speed, such as transmission power; Excitation, static compensation of reactive power,harmonic compensation of power system with power electronic device; Low frequency, intermediate frequency and high frequency power supply and so on all kinds of power frequency power supply, especially in the high frequency induction heating power source; No electricity power supply, ac regulated power supply and other industrial power electronics power supply; All kinds of voltage regulator and so on. The power electronic devices, and the traditional motor - than a generator, a high power efficiency (with a capacity of 10 kw to hundreds of kilowatts, frequency of 1000 hz - generating unit as an example, the motor under rated load, the efficiency of eta = 80%, and significantly reduced with the decrease of the load, if the SCR power supply, eta 92% or higher, and little change with load), therefore, has obvious energy saving effect. Power electronic device is stationary type device, cover an area of an area small, light weight, easy installation, welding power source, for example, compared with rotating machine, a 80% reduction in weight, energy saving 15%). At the same time, frequency and voltage of the power electronic devices tend to be more easily, the regulation of fast response and versatility, high degree of automation, therefore used in industry as well as obvious energy saving, also often can improve productivity and product quality, save raw materials, and often can improve the working environment. But most of the electronic switch device power electronic devices, it often on the grid and load harmonic interference, sometimes also caused a certain high frequency interference on the surrounding environment, this is the design of these devices and systems must be properly solve (see higher harmonic suppression).progressFrom the 1950 s to 70 s, with high-power silicon diode, bipolar power transistor and the brake pipe application (especially thyristor) on the basis of the power electronic technology development more mature. Since the late 70 s, the development of the two aspects of power electronic technology caused a huge impact. One for the development of the microcomputer control system for the power electronic device, fault detection and information processing plays a major role, also will continue to develop in the future; Secondly for the microelectronics technology, optical fiber technology infiltrate the power electronic devices, such as to develop more of a new generation of power electronic devices. Which in addition to the ordinary thyristor to the larger capacity (6500 v, 3500 a) development, the door may be shut off thyristor (decision) voltage 4500 v, current 2500 ~ 3000 Ann; Bipolar transistor also toward greater capacity development, mid and late 80 s the highest voltage of 1400 v, industrial products maximum current of 400 Ann, working frequency is much taller than thyristor, using darlington structure current gain of up to 75 ~ 200. With the development of optical fiber technology, the United States and Japan from 1981 to 1982 have developed intoa optically controlled thyristor and used in HVDC system. This kind of light control and electric compared to trigger thyristor, simplifies the trigger circuit, improve the level of the insulation and anti-interference ability, can make the converter equipment to develop in the direction of small, lightweight, both reduces the cost, and improve the reliability of operation. At the same time, the field control of power electronic devices have been development, such as power field effect transistor (power MOSFET) and power static induction transistor (SIT) has reached QianFuJi and dozens to hundreds of Ann grade level of voltage, current, the working frequency of medium and small capacity can reach grade megahertz. By the field control and bipolar synthesis of a new generation of power electronic devices, such as insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGT or IGBT) and MOS controlled thyristor (MCT) also is on the rise, capacity has a considerable. These new devices have turned off the door, and can greatly improve the working frequency, the power electronic circuit is more simple, the volume and weight of the power electronic devices, efficiency, performance indicators, and so on various aspects it will make the power electronic technology development to a renewal phase. At the same time, power electronics, power electronic circuits and the computer simulation of power electronic devices and simulation technology is also in constant development.简介电力电子技术分为电力电子器件制造技术和变流技术(整流，逆变，斩波，变频，变相等)两个分支。