美国文学及其特色(课堂PPT)
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《美国文学》课件三.ppt
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Anne Bradstreet: "Contemplations (9)"
• Contemplations (9) • I heard the merry grasshopper then sing. • The black-clad cricket (蟋蟀) bear a second part; • They kept one tune and played on the same string, • Seeming to glory in their little art. • Shall creatures abject thus their voices raise • And in their kind resound their Maker's praise, • Whilst I, as mute, can warble (sing in a high voice but not
• Smith says of Pocahontas that she "hazarded the beating out of her owne braines to save mine."
4
Captain John Smith: Life experiences
• On September 10, 1608, Smith became president of the council in the colony and orchestrated （organize）such improvements as expanding the settlement around the fort and repairing many buildings.
• His importance is more seen in his Puritanical doctrines; a representative of the idealistic aspect of American Puritanism and an emblem of the Calvinist beliefs and tenets.
Anne Bradstreet: "Contemplations (9)"
• Contemplations (9) • I heard the merry grasshopper then sing. • The black-clad cricket (蟋蟀) bear a second part; • They kept one tune and played on the same string, • Seeming to glory in their little art. • Shall creatures abject thus their voices raise • And in their kind resound their Maker's praise, • Whilst I, as mute, can warble (sing in a high voice but not
• Smith says of Pocahontas that she "hazarded the beating out of her owne braines to save mine."
4
Captain John Smith: Life experiences
• On September 10, 1608, Smith became president of the council in the colony and orchestrated （organize）such improvements as expanding the settlement around the fort and repairing many buildings.
• His importance is more seen in his Puritanical doctrines; a representative of the idealistic aspect of American Puritanism and an emblem of the Calvinist beliefs and tenets.
美国文学PPT
在1873年，塞丝和她的女儿丹芙住在辛辛那提附近农村地区124号 的一所房子里。由于塞丝过去的经历和她的孤傲，她们受到当地 人的排斥。自从逃出“甜蜜家园”农场后十八年已经过去了。这 个农场由一个被称之为老师的凶残的男人经营着，这个人一边允 许他的侄子们残害塞丝一边做笔录用以科学地研究黑人。因此， 已经怀孕的塞丝逃跑了，逃跑的路上在一个叫做艾米的白人妇女 的帮助下生下了孩子。此时理应陪在塞丝身边的丈夫却消失了。 带着四个孩子逃往辛辛那提后塞丝只享受了28天的自由便被她的 主人追到，塞丝试图把她的孩子全都杀死而不愿让他们沦为奴隶， 但最后只杀死了其中的一个。她的主人因为认为塞丝已不能继续 当仆人而丢弃了她，而塞丝也免于绞刑继续在124号抚养剩下的三 个孩子。死去孩子的灵魂开始出没于她们居住的房子，两个儿子 霍华德和巴尔格两度遇见灵魂后心惊胆战地离开了。祖母贝比"萨 格斯也因此伤心而患病死去。贝比"萨格斯以前在辛辛那提的黑人 社区有着相当大的影响力，被许多人热奉为鼓舞人心的“圣女”。 自从塞丝出事后她便放弃讲道卧病在床。她死后数年里塞丝和丹 芙孤独地继续生活在小房子里，特别是丹芙，虽然已经十八岁， 但还是不敢离开房子半步。
获奖
此外，莫里森还荣获下列奖项： 1977年 《所罗门之歌》获全国图书评论界奖（National Book Critics Circle Award） 1977年 或美国艺术与文学学院奖（American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters Award） 1987-88年 获罗伯特·肯尼迪图书奖（Robert F. Kennedy Book Award） 1988年 《宝贝儿》获美国图书奖（American Book Award） 1988年 《宝贝儿》获安斯非尔德-沃尔夫种族关系图书奖（Anisfield-Wolf Book Award in Race Relations） 1988年 《宝贝儿》获普利策小说奖（Pulitzer Prize for Fiction） 1989年 美国现代语言协会联邦文学奖（MLA Commonwealth Award in Literature） 1993年 获法国艺术及文学司令勋章（Commander of the Arts and Letters ） 1994年 获孔多塞奖章（Condorcet Medal） 1994年 获赛珍珠奖（Pearl Buck Award） 1994年 获雷吉耶姆·朱里文学奖（Rhegium Julii Prize for Literature） 1996年 获全国图书基金美国文学突出贡献奖（National Book Foundation's Medal of Distinguished Contribution to American Letters） 2000年 获全国人文奖章（National Humanities Medal）
外国文学史 美国文学课件
美国文化特点
• 历史短暂,多民族混合成的移民国家 • 自由原则是最基本的美国原则，是美国传统的起源。自由原则
的代表是《独立宣言》，其执笔人杰弗逊（1743-1826）是美 国文化三大创建者之一
• 美国民族是一个重视行动，强调务实的民族，这种务实精神是 美国民族生存的法宝，并积淀成一种民族的品质。务实精神的 代表是富兰克林（1706-1790），美国文化三大创建者之一。
• 比彻·斯托夫人 (1811-1896) 《汤姆 叔叔的小屋》
豪威尔斯（1837-1920）
• 现实主义奠基人 • 长篇小说《现代婚姻》 • 提倡“微笑的现实主
义”，实际创作中往 往表现为对美国现实 生活的粉饰和美化
亨利·詹姆斯(1843-1916)
⑴国际小说：美国人和欧洲人 因为文化背景的不同而产 生的冲突。
霍桑（1804-1864）
• 长篇：《红字》《七个尖 角顶的房子》《福谷传奇》 《玉石雕像》等
• 短篇小说集《古宅青苔》 《雪影》
• 霍桑小说表现了清教文学 的传统，“人皆有罪”， 悲观思想浓郁
• “心理罗曼史”，擅长人 物的心理刻画，被认为是 美国文学心理分析小说的
开创者。
Nathaniel Hawthorne
&库柏（1789-1851）《皮袜子故事 集》（《最后一个莫希干人》）
超验主义运动
• 19世纪30、40年代， 美国产生了超经验主义 思想运动，它是浪漫主 义的理论。
• 爱默生（1803-1883） 《论自然》，反对权威， 崇尚直觉，其核心是主 张人能超越感觉和理性 直接认识真理。
• 梭罗（1817-1862） 《瓦尔登湖》，自然、 人以及超验主义理想交 融汇合，浑然一体。
文学“美国梦”
• 历史短暂,多民族混合成的移民国家 • 自由原则是最基本的美国原则，是美国传统的起源。自由原则
的代表是《独立宣言》，其执笔人杰弗逊（1743-1826）是美 国文化三大创建者之一
• 美国民族是一个重视行动，强调务实的民族，这种务实精神是 美国民族生存的法宝，并积淀成一种民族的品质。务实精神的 代表是富兰克林（1706-1790），美国文化三大创建者之一。
• 比彻·斯托夫人 (1811-1896) 《汤姆 叔叔的小屋》
豪威尔斯（1837-1920）
• 现实主义奠基人 • 长篇小说《现代婚姻》 • 提倡“微笑的现实主
义”，实际创作中往 往表现为对美国现实 生活的粉饰和美化
亨利·詹姆斯(1843-1916)
⑴国际小说：美国人和欧洲人 因为文化背景的不同而产 生的冲突。
霍桑（1804-1864）
• 长篇：《红字》《七个尖 角顶的房子》《福谷传奇》 《玉石雕像》等
• 短篇小说集《古宅青苔》 《雪影》
• 霍桑小说表现了清教文学 的传统，“人皆有罪”， 悲观思想浓郁
• “心理罗曼史”，擅长人 物的心理刻画，被认为是 美国文学心理分析小说的
开创者。
Nathaniel Hawthorne
&库柏（1789-1851）《皮袜子故事 集》（《最后一个莫希干人》）
超验主义运动
• 19世纪30、40年代， 美国产生了超经验主义 思想运动，它是浪漫主 义的理论。
• 爱默生（1803-1883） 《论自然》，反对权威， 崇尚直觉，其核心是主 张人能超越感觉和理性 直接认识真理。
• 梭罗（1817-1862） 《瓦尔登湖》，自然、 人以及超验主义理想交 融汇合，浑然一体。
文学“美国梦”
美国文学 ppt课件
• Puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated.
• Religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a
wrathful GodOf Plymouth Plantation
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Anne Bradstreet (安妮·布拉 德斯特里特) (1612-1672)
the first American woman poet
a Puritan poet, once called “Tenth Muse”
• The spiritual life in the colonies during that period was molded by the bourgeois Enlightenment.
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2. Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790):
• The Autobiography • Poor Richard’s Almanack
the first American writer
A Description of New England 《新英格兰叙事》 (1616)
General History of Virginia《弗吉尼亚通史》 （1642）
• Pocahontas
ppt课件
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William Bradford (1590-1657)
• Politics dominated the revolutionary phase of American writing.
• The crisis in American life carried by the Revolution made artists self-conscious about American subjects.
美国文学课件(Poe)
• As a verse narrative, the poem is characterized by its dramatic variation of tone, which starts from mournfulness, and then progresses to trepidation and jocularity, and eventually to despair by way of hysterical self-torture. • In spite of its completeness of plot as a verse narrative, it is also characterized by its highly symbolic trait, which frequently leaves the reader with a feeling that it is difficult to read, because of its lack of adequate suggestions of certain meanings.
• 1827, a volume of poems Tamerlane and Other Poems was published in Boston • 1829, Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane and Minor Poems, • 1831, Poems. • an editor first with The Southern Literary Messenger, later with such magazines as Graham’s and the Broadway Journal. • His marriage in 1835 to his first cousin, Virginia Clemn, deepened his financial difficulties. • 1839, “The Fall of the House of Usher” published in Burton’s Gentleman’s Magazine
艾米莉狄金森《美国文学》原创PPT课件
interest in Emily ‘s poems
. different nature
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The Homestead
Emily Dickinson lived with her unmarried sister Lavinia in an elegant house called The Homestead(霍姆斯特德).
At the same time , Dickinson is widely acknowledged as an innovative pre-modernist poet as well as a rebellious and courageous woman.
迪金森的诗谜一般充满奇思妙想，展现出非凡的创造力与想象力。她的作品受到17世 纪英格兰玄学派诗人的影响，同时带有清教的家庭背景的烙印。虽然她不相信家庭的传统 宗教，但她研究了圣经，许多诗歌在形式上也类似圣经。她对破折号的热爱，不规则的韵 律和韵脚，超乎寻常的比喻使她当之无愧地成. 为19世纪美国文坛最具创新意识的诗人9。
A
promineGnrat vlaewaynedr
satnedrnpolitician(
我发生冲突。” Representative to Congress)
Same as their father’s career
Became ill when Emily was 25
Focus of attention and shows Close friend，though they share
.
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Themes
On Nature
• Dickinson observed nature closely and described it vividly but never with the feeling of being lost in it, or altogether part of it, nor was she surprised when its creatures also kept their distance.
美国文学及其特色课件
? 多样性的内容和形式 ? 强烈的个人色彩，强调个人的
独特性和反对权威的精神 ? 对社会弊端严厉的批评和谴责
6
最早的美洲移民包括：
? 精明的英国商人 ? 到新大陆追求自由、逃避死刑的罪犯 ? 寻求建立一个新的资产阶级样板社会的清教
徒
美国民族的特点
? 经商的干劲 ? 追求自由的理想 ? 宗教热忱
7
美国文学的共性
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开放性结尾
马克·吐温 Mark Twain 《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》
詹姆斯 James 《女士的画像》
The Portrait of a Lady 德莱塞 Dreiser
《嘉莉妹妹》Sister Carrie 海明威 Hemingway
《老人与海》
The Old Man and the Sea
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少年成长的故事
马克·吐温 Mark Twain 《哈克贝里 ·费恩历险记》
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 克莱恩 Crane
《红色英勇勋章》
The Red Badge of Courage 塞林格 Salinger
《麦田的守望者》
The Catcher in the Rye
《自传》(Autobiography, 1818 )
纳撒尼尔·霍桑 (Nathaniel Hawthorne)
《红字》(The Scarlet Letter, 1850)
斯托夫人（Harriet Beecher Stowe）
《汤姆叔叔的小屋》(Uncle Tom's Cabin ，1852 )
赫尔曼·梅尔维尔 (Herman Melvi30 1936 1938 1949 1954 1962 1976 1978
独特性和反对权威的精神 ? 对社会弊端严厉的批评和谴责
6
最早的美洲移民包括：
? 精明的英国商人 ? 到新大陆追求自由、逃避死刑的罪犯 ? 寻求建立一个新的资产阶级样板社会的清教
徒
美国民族的特点
? 经商的干劲 ? 追求自由的理想 ? 宗教热忱
7
美国文学的共性
11
开放性结尾
马克·吐温 Mark Twain 《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》
詹姆斯 James 《女士的画像》
The Portrait of a Lady 德莱塞 Dreiser
《嘉莉妹妹》Sister Carrie 海明威 Hemingway
《老人与海》
The Old Man and the Sea
10
少年成长的故事
马克·吐温 Mark Twain 《哈克贝里 ·费恩历险记》
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 克莱恩 Crane
《红色英勇勋章》
The Red Badge of Courage 塞林格 Salinger
《麦田的守望者》
The Catcher in the Rye
《自传》(Autobiography, 1818 )
纳撒尼尔·霍桑 (Nathaniel Hawthorne)
《红字》(The Scarlet Letter, 1850)
斯托夫人（Harriet Beecher Stowe）
《汤姆叔叔的小屋》(Uncle Tom's Cabin ，1852 )
赫尔曼·梅尔维尔 (Herman Melvi30 1936 1938 1949 1954 1962 1976 1978
《文学美国文学》PPT课件
因为人类的祖先亚当和夏娃是有罪的),
total depravity(人类是完全堕落的，所以
人要处处小心自己的行为，要尽可能做到
最好以取悦上帝), limited atonement (有
限救赎，只有被上帝选中的人才能得到上
帝的拯救)
h
3
American Puritanism
Features of American Puritan
h
8
2. Early American Puritan Writers
• John Smith, one of the founders of the colony of Jamestown: His descriptions about the new world became the source of information for the later settlers.
Exercise
Colonial period and Revolutionary period Early Romanticism Transcendentalism Late Romanticism
The age of Realism
Irving Franklin Cooper Emerson Hawthorne Twain James Dreiser Melville Thoreau
himself to writing Amh erican subject
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2. Evaluation. (Benjamin Franklin1706 – 1790)
1) He was a rare genius in human history. Everything seems to meet in this one man, mind and will, talent and art, strength and ease, wit and grace, and he became almost everything: a printer, postmaster, citizen, almanac maker, essayist, scientist, inventor, statesman, philosopher, political economist and ambassador.
美国文学第二章浪漫主义PPT课件
1) He works aimed to entertain and amuse not to moralize
2) Vivid and true characters 3) Finished and musical language 4) Strong sense of humor 5) Never shocking but a bit sentimental at
27
>> Irving’s Writing style:
Vivid, memorable characters,
Detailed, insightful description of American scenery, traditions and cultures,
NEW
15
To sum up:
As a logical result of the foreign and native factors at work, American romanticism was both imitative and independent. However, it was in essence the expression of “ a real new experience” and contained “an alien quality” for the simple reason that “ the spirit of the place” was radically new and alien.
>>At mid-century a cultural reawakening brought a “flowering of New England”.
NEW
14
2) Vivid and true characters 3) Finished and musical language 4) Strong sense of humor 5) Never shocking but a bit sentimental at
27
>> Irving’s Writing style:
Vivid, memorable characters,
Detailed, insightful description of American scenery, traditions and cultures,
NEW
15
To sum up:
As a logical result of the foreign and native factors at work, American romanticism was both imitative and independent. However, it was in essence the expression of “ a real new experience” and contained “an alien quality” for the simple reason that “ the spirit of the place” was radically new and alien.
>>At mid-century a cultural reawakening brought a “flowering of New England”.
NEW
14
《美国文学》课件.ppt
3
• When he woke up, he noticed that his joints were stiff and that his beard had grown a foot long. Returning to his village, he found it changed almost beyond recognition.
7
3) What does “this legendary superstition” refer to? (Para. 2) 4) What is “the general purport of this legendary superstition”? (Para. 3—Para. 4)
8
5) Is the “Legend of Sleepy Hollow” the story of the Headless Horseman? If not, what does the “Legend of Sleepy Hollow” deal with?
10
Literary Terms: 1.Protagonist: The leading character in a play or story, originally the leader of the CHORUS in the AGON (“contest”) of Greek drama, faced with the ANTAGONIST, the opposition.
9
6) How many major characters are mentioned in the “legend”? Who are they? And what’s the relationship between them? Who is the protagonist? And who is the antagonist?
• When he woke up, he noticed that his joints were stiff and that his beard had grown a foot long. Returning to his village, he found it changed almost beyond recognition.
7
3) What does “this legendary superstition” refer to? (Para. 2) 4) What is “the general purport of this legendary superstition”? (Para. 3—Para. 4)
8
5) Is the “Legend of Sleepy Hollow” the story of the Headless Horseman? If not, what does the “Legend of Sleepy Hollow” deal with?
10
Literary Terms: 1.Protagonist: The leading character in a play or story, originally the leader of the CHORUS in the AGON (“contest”) of Greek drama, faced with the ANTAGONIST, the opposition.
9
6) How many major characters are mentioned in the “legend”? Who are they? And what’s the relationship between them? Who is the protagonist? And who is the antagonist?
美国文学 PPT课件
➢ Chapter II Revolutionary Period
Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
➢ Chapter III American Romanticism
Washington Irving James Fenimore Cooper William Cullen Bryant Edgar Allan Poe Nathaniel Hawthorne
Brief Outline of American literature
1. Colonial period (1607-1775)
Anne Bradstreet Edward Taylor
2. Revolutionary period
(1775-1783) Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
The early settlers
❖ Christopher Columbus discovered the American continent in 1492.
❖ Captain John Smith reached Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.
❖ Puritans came the New England area, by Mayflower in 1620.
❖ Literature is characterized by beauty of expression and form and by universality of intellectual and emotional appeal.
2. Forms (genres) of literature? Poetry, novel (fiction), drama, prose, essay, epic, elegy, short story, journalism, ts, novelette, etc.
Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
➢ Chapter III American Romanticism
Washington Irving James Fenimore Cooper William Cullen Bryant Edgar Allan Poe Nathaniel Hawthorne
Brief Outline of American literature
1. Colonial period (1607-1775)
Anne Bradstreet Edward Taylor
2. Revolutionary period
(1775-1783) Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
The early settlers
❖ Christopher Columbus discovered the American continent in 1492.
❖ Captain John Smith reached Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.
❖ Puritans came the New England area, by Mayflower in 1620.
❖ Literature is characterized by beauty of expression and form and by universality of intellectual and emotional appeal.
2. Forms (genres) of literature? Poetry, novel (fiction), drama, prose, essay, epic, elegy, short story, journalism, ts, novelette, etc.
4美国文学课件
Poetic Principles
To Poe, poetic meaning is in the poem’s own poem’ composition and utterance, thus there is no utterance, exterior or transcendental truth in a poem. This emphasis on the poem’s own integrity poem’ and that a poem being absolutely independent allows people to associate Poe with the school of “art for art’s sake” and to regard him art’ sake” as a precursor to the school of New Criticism in the 20th century America.
► Quoth
the Raven, Nevermore
► Original
Burial Place of Edgar Allan Poe From October 9, 1849 Until November 17, 1875 ► Mrs. Marian Clemm, His Mother-In-Law Mother-InLies Upon His Right And Virginia Poe His Wife, Upon His Left. Under The Monument Erected To Him In This Cemetery
► Before
he became editor of Southern Literary Messenger in 1835, he had published a number of short stories, including “MS Found in a Bottle” Bottle”. In his new position as editor, Poe soon established himself as a leading critic in literature. literature. His editorship and the vitality of his critical articles and his literary creation brought him increasing fame in literary circles but never wealth; even when he was at the peak of his career, he was “as … as ever I was in my life.” life. in 1847 his wife died, and then two more years of loneliness, poverty, intoxication and illness killed Poe at the age of 40.
《美国文学》教学课件 American Romanticism
Drama: tragedy, comedy
Gothic novel
Gothic novel emphasizes the grotesque mysterious and desolate. It is an ancestor of the modern mystery story , fantasy, and science fiction.
Ideology: Nationalism Patriotism Optimism Puritanism
Foreign influences
Sir Walter Scott,
with his border tales, helped toward the development of American Indian romance and the romantic description of landscape in America literature. ( Cooper )
-----William Wordsworth
2. The Characteristics of American Romanticism.
1) .Early American romantics often modeled their writing on Europe works.
2). The subjects of American Romantic authors were often national ideals of individualism ,democracy ,history and frontier life of the new nation.
--- Robert Burns
I wandered lonely as a cloud
Gothic novel
Gothic novel emphasizes the grotesque mysterious and desolate. It is an ancestor of the modern mystery story , fantasy, and science fiction.
Ideology: Nationalism Patriotism Optimism Puritanism
Foreign influences
Sir Walter Scott,
with his border tales, helped toward the development of American Indian romance and the romantic description of landscape in America literature. ( Cooper )
-----William Wordsworth
2. The Characteristics of American Romanticism.
1) .Early American romantics often modeled their writing on Europe works.
2). The subjects of American Romantic authors were often national ideals of individualism ,democracy ,history and frontier life of the new nation.
--- Robert Burns
I wandered lonely as a cloud
美国文学-Colonial_America PPT
John Winthrop: first governor of Boston, The History of New England, A Model of Christian Charity (speech) candid simplicity, honesty.
（3） Colonial Poets:
and personal comments are written)
2. Early American Writers and Poets
（1）South, Jamestown, Virginia: Captain John Smith--first American writer; A
Description of New England. Contributions: his description of America was
I. Historical Introduction
The native American--Indians and their culture
Christopher Columbus discovered the American continent in 1492
Captain Christopher Newport reached Virginia in 1607.
Puritanism’s influence on American literature (p.14)
Purpose of writing: pragmatic Contents: practical matter-of-fact accounts of life in
the new world; highly theoretical discussions of religious questions. Style: tight and logic structure, precise and compact expression, avoidance of rhetorical decoration, adoption of homely imagery, simplicity of diction.
（3） Colonial Poets:
and personal comments are written)
2. Early American Writers and Poets
（1）South, Jamestown, Virginia: Captain John Smith--first American writer; A
Description of New England. Contributions: his description of America was
I. Historical Introduction
The native American--Indians and their culture
Christopher Columbus discovered the American continent in 1492
Captain Christopher Newport reached Virginia in 1607.
Puritanism’s influence on American literature (p.14)
Purpose of writing: pragmatic Contents: practical matter-of-fact accounts of life in
the new world; highly theoretical discussions of religious questions. Style: tight and logic structure, precise and compact expression, avoidance of rhetorical decoration, adoption of homely imagery, simplicity of diction.
《美国文学》教学课件Literature of the Eighteenth Century
• Poor Richard’s Almanack • An almanack is a book that gives vital
information for the years, the seasons, the sunrise and the sunset, accurate information on tides, as well as information on how to plant certain crops , how to cure hens, etc. all are practical information important to farmers.
The History and the Influence of Enlightenment
2.Newtonian ideas:
a. The universe is seen as a mechanism operating by a rational formula or by unchanging laws available to intelligent humans.
3.The Influence of the Newtonian ideas:
C. Americans believed that more reasonable political and social orders should be established.
D. Americans also learned to take actions to resist oppressive power and to criticize and reform government.
Autobiography
• C. The Autobiography is also an eloquent education of the ideas of the 18th.c. Using his life story as a shining example, Franklin eloquently demonstrated all the major principles of the enlightenment in America.
information for the years, the seasons, the sunrise and the sunset, accurate information on tides, as well as information on how to plant certain crops , how to cure hens, etc. all are practical information important to farmers.
The History and the Influence of Enlightenment
2.Newtonian ideas:
a. The universe is seen as a mechanism operating by a rational formula or by unchanging laws available to intelligent humans.
3.The Influence of the Newtonian ideas:
C. Americans believed that more reasonable political and social orders should be established.
D. Americans also learned to take actions to resist oppressive power and to criticize and reform government.
Autobiography
• C. The Autobiography is also an eloquent education of the ideas of the 18th.c. Using his life story as a shining example, Franklin eloquently demonstrated all the major principles of the enlightenment in America.
美国文学及其特色 PPT课件
美国文学的共性
• 经常出现的“美国梦”主题 • 作品主题或文学体裁往往和美国的
地理、历史有关 • 个人和社会的冲突和矛盾、社会进
步毁坏了大自然和人的天性 • 少年成长的故事(initiation story) • 开放性结尾
美国梦American Dream
菲兹杰拉德/F. Scott Fitzgerald 《了不起的盖茨比》
美国文学
北京外国语大学
吴冰
美国文学
第一讲 美国文学及其特色
第二讲 马克·吐温的 《哈克贝利·费恩历险记
第三讲 20世纪亚裔美国文学 的兴起
美国文学及其特色
• 美国诺贝尔文学奖得主 • 美国文学的特色 • 美国文学的共性 • 理解、欣赏美国文学应具备的背景知识 • 学习方法 • 推荐书目 • 参考书 • 思考题
少年成长的故事
马克·吐温 Mark Twain 《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
克莱恩 Crane 《红色英勇勋章》 The Red Badge of Courage
塞林格 Salinger 《麦田的守望者》
The Catcher in the Rye
Huckleberry Finn, 1884)
推荐书目
西奥多·德莱塞（Theodore Dreiser） 《嘉莉妹妹》（Sister Carrie, 1900）
司各脱·菲兹杰拉德 (F. Scott Fitzgerald) 《了不起的盖茨比》(The Great Gatsby, 1925) 厄纳斯特·海明威 (Ernest Hemingway) 《太阳照样升起》(The Sun Also Rises, 1926) 《永别了，武器》（A Farewell to Arms, 1929） 《老人与海》(The Old Man and the Sea, 1952) 托妮·莫里森 (Toni Morrison) 《宠儿》(Beloved, 1987) 汤亭亭(Maxine Hong Kingston) 《中国佬》(China Men, 1980)
美国文学第一讲introduction PPT
Periods of American Literature
1. The early A. literature (Colonial period & early national and revolutionary period ) (1607-1783)
2. The age of Romanticism (1783-1865) 3. The age of Realism & Naturalism (1865-
Literature Root and Flower, Foreign
Language Teaching and Research Press,
1988
Shared mailbox
Code: 20090214
5. Walt Whitman & His poems (Week 11) 6. Emily Dickinson& Her poems (Week 12) 7. Nathaniel Hawthorne & The Minister’s
Black Veil (Week 14) 8. Herman Melville & Moby Dick (Week 15) 9. Edgar Allan Poe & His Works (Week 17)
Week 14 The Minister’s Black Veil Week 15 Herman Melville Week 16 Edgar Allan Poe Week 17 To Helen
Requirement of the course
You are supposed to do your HOMEWORK Final marks: class performance （40%）+ final
美国文学课堂展示Fitzgerald简介PPT
• Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota on September 24th, 1896.
• When he was thirteen, F.Scott Fitzgerald published his first story in the school newspapaccounts, F.Scott Fitzgerald was an alcoholic. He struggled with depression and he watched as his friends like Ernest Hemingway got more and more successful while he kind of got less and less successful.
and made him incredible wealthy.
• A week after the novel was published, he felt comfortable asking Zelda to marry him. And they eventually had a daughter, Frances Scott Fitzgerald.
order to write his novels.
• Fitzgerald’s subsequent novels, such as his 1934 ‘Tender is the Night’ 《夜色温 柔》never matched the success of ‘The Great Gatsby’.
biggest selling great American classic.
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西奥多·德莱塞（Theodore Dreiser）
《嘉莉妹妹》（Sister Carrie, 1900）
司各脱·菲兹杰拉德 (F. Scott Fitzgerald)
美国文学
北京外国语大学
吴冰
.
1
美国文学
第一讲 美国文学及其特色
第二讲 马克·吐温的 《哈克贝利·费恩历险记
第三讲 20世纪亚裔美国文学 的兴起
.
2
美国文学及其特色
• 美国诺贝尔文学奖得主
• 美国文学的特色
• 美国文学的共性
• 理解、欣赏美国文学应具备的背景知识
• 学习方法
• 推荐书目
• 参考书
• 思考题
梅尔维尔 Melville 《熊》 “The Bear”
.
10
少年成长的故事
马克·吐温 Mark Twain 《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
克莱恩 Crane 《红色英勇勋章》
The Red Badge of Courage 塞林格 Salinger
7
美国文学的共性
• 经常出现的“美国梦”主题
• 作品主题或文学体裁往往和美国的 地理、历史有关
• 个人和社会的冲突和矛盾、社会进 步毁坏了大自然和人的天性
• 少年成长的故事(initiation story)
• 开放性结尾
.
8
美国梦American Dream
菲兹杰拉德/F. Scott Fitzgerald
《了不起的盖茨比》
杰克·伦敦/Jack London
《马丁·伊登》Martin Eden
德莱塞/Theodore Dreiser
《美国的悲剧》
An American Tragedy
.
9
爱默生 Emerson 梭罗 Thoreau
个人和社会的冲突
库柏 Cooper 《拓荒者》The Pioneers
取自《旧约·传道书》
.
15
西方文学中带有普遍性的象征
霍桑的“红字”
梅尔维尔的“白鲸”
惠特曼的“草叶”
安德森的“奇形怪状的苹果”
菲兹杰拉德码头上的“绿灯”
福克纳的“熊”
.
16
美国文学
中
思想内容上的
感情矛盾
表达方式上的 意思含糊、模棱两可
.
17
学习方法
做
“思考的人”
“Man Thinking”
.
18
.
3
美国诺贝尔文学奖得主
1930 1936 1938 1949 1954 1962 1976 1978
1987 1993
辛克莱·刘易斯 / Sinclair Lewis (1885-1951) 尤金·奥尼尔 / Eugene O’Neill (1888-1953) 赛珍珠 / Pearl S. Buck (1892-1973) 威廉·福克纳 / William Faulkner (1897-1962) 厄纳斯特·海明威 / Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) 约翰·斯坦倍克 / John Steinbeck (1902-1968) 索尔·贝洛 / Saul Bellow (1915-2005) 艾萨克·巴什维斯·辛格 / Isaac Bashevis Singer
约翰·温斯罗普： “我们将成为建在山上的城，所有人的眼睛都 看着我们。”
上帝的“选民” “应许之地” “福地” “伊甸园”
.
14
《圣经》影响——书名
福克纳 Faulkner
《去吧，摩西》Go Down, Moses
《押沙龙，押沙龙！》
Absalom, Absalom!
海明威 Hemingway
《太阳照样升起》The Sun Also Rises
(1904-1991) 约瑟夫·布罗茨基 /Joseph Brodsky(1940-) 托妮·莫里森 /Toni Morrison(1931-)
.
4
美国文学
• 美国文学的特色
• 美国文学的共性
• 理解、欣赏美国文学应具备的背景 知识
• 学习方法
• 推荐书目
• 参考书
• 思考题
.
5
美国文学的特色
• 多元化，主流/英裔美国文学从 一开始就有文字记载
《白鲸》(Moby-Dick, 1851 )
沃尔特·惠特曼 (Walt Whitman)
《草叶集》(Leaves of Grass, 1855－1892)
马克·吐温 (Mark Twain)
《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》(Adventures of
Huckleberry Finn, 1884).
20
推荐书目
《自传》(Autobiography, 1818 )
纳撒尼尔·霍桑 (Nathaniel Hawthorne)
《红字》(The Scarlet Letter, 1850)
斯托夫人（Harriet Beecher Stowe）
《汤姆叔叔的小屋》(Uncle Tom’s Cabin，1852 )
赫尔曼·梅尔维尔 (Herman Melville)
学习方法
• 把美国文学和美国地理、历史、社会、文化 结合起来学习；
• 把作品的形式和内容结合起来学习；
• 用比较不同美国作家和作品的方法来掌握他 们的特色 ；
• 通过对比中美两国的文学和文化加深对本民 族文化传统的认识和理解；
• 从美国文学中学习美国建设现代化国家的经 验教训
.
19
推荐书目
本杰明·富兰克林 (Benjamin Franklin)
The Old Man an. d the Sea
12
理解、欣赏美国文学
应具备的背景知识
• 《圣经》、希腊罗马神话、清 教主义的影响
• 西方文学中带有普遍性的象征
• 作者思想、感情上的矛盾以及
表达方式上的意思含糊、模棱 两可
.
13
“你们是世上的光，城造在山上，是不 能隐藏的。” 《新约全书》马太福音（5.14）
• 多样性的内容和形式 • 强烈的个人色彩，强调个人的
独特性和反对权威的精 • 对社会弊端严厉的批评和谴责
.
6
最早的美洲移民包括：
• 精明的英国商人 • 到新大陆追求自由、逃避死刑的罪犯 • 寻求建立一个新的资产阶级样板社会的清教
徒
美国民族的特点
• 经商的干劲 • 追求自由的理想 • 宗教热忱
.
《麦田的守望者》
The Catcher in the R.ye
11
开放性结尾
马克·吐温 Mark Twain
《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》
詹姆斯 James
《女士的画像》
The Portrait of a Lady
德莱塞 Dreiser
《嘉莉妹妹》Sister Carrie
海明威 Hemingway
《老人与海》