介词讲义完整版
介词(讲义)通用版英语六年级下册
介词一、介词的定义:介词一般位于名词或代词之前,在句中不单独做任何成分。
介词本身有独立的含义,但意义不够完整,在句中使用时,后面必须接有宾语构成介词短语后,才能表达完整的意义。
介词短语在句中常作状语、定语、表语或宾语补足语。
二、介词的用法:(一)表示时间的介词的用法:1. at, on, in(1)at 在句中用在钟点之前,意为“在……点钟”。
如:at six. 在6点。
(2)at用在固定短语中。
如:at noon在中午;at this time of year 一年这个时候(3)on常用于表示具体的哪一天或某天的上午、下午及晚上或用于固定短语中。
如:on the morning of June 在6月5日的早上;on a cold winter night 在一个寒冷的冬天的夜里;on May 20th 在5月20日(4)on用在星期前。
如:on Sunday在星期日(5)in用于年、月前面,季节、世纪前以及固定短语中。
如:in 2008 在2008年;in October在10月;in spring 在春天;in the twentieth century 在二十世纪;in his twenties 在他二十多岁时;in the morning / afternoon / evening在早上/下午/晚上2. before , after, in(1)in是以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间以后,常用于一般将来时态中。
如:I will come back in three days. 我三天以后回来。
如:She went after three days. 她三天以后走的。
(3)before 表示“某时刻或某时间之前”时态根据句子而定。
如:Check your papers carefully before you hand them in.【典例精析】Mrs. Brown came to China ____ 1996.A. onB. ofC. to,D. in【答案】D【解析】in用于年、月前面,季节、世纪前以及固定短语中随堂小练习1( ) 1. He often goes ______ school ______ six thirty ______ the morning.A. for; to; inB. to; at; inC. to; for; at D, for; at; to( ) 2. ______ a cold winter morning, I met her in the street.A. inB. onC. atD. for( )3. Joan hopes to come back ______ three days.A. afterB. forC. in(二)表示地点方位介词的用法:1. at, inat 后跟小地方;in后跟大地点2. in, on, toin表示在某一范围内的某方位;on表示与某地相邻关系;to表示在某一地区之外的某方位,不属于该范围。
6年级 Lesson 3 -介词 讲义
第三讲介词一、课程总览二、知识讲解Vocabulary1. grow /grəʊ/ v.2. plant /plɑːnt/ v.3. seed /siːd/ v.4. enjoy /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/ v.5. chance /tʃɑːns/ n.6. watch /wɒtʃ/ v.7. connect /kə'nekt/ v.8. real /riːl/ adj.grow /grəʊ/ 植物生长v. If a plant grows in a particular place, it exists and develops there.翻译:这些花今年长得最好。
__________________________________________答案:These flowers grow best this year.plant /plɑːnt/ 种植;栽种v. to put plants or seeds in the ground to grow.翻译:我们每年在花园里种西红柿和胡萝卜。
______________________________________________答案:We plant tomatoes and carrots in the garden every year.seed /siːd/ 种子n. a small hard object produced by plants, from which a new plant of the same kind grows.翻译:农民在春天播种。
_____________________________________________答案:Farmers plant seeds in spring.enjoy /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/ 享受……的乐趣;喜欢v. to get pleasure from something.翻译:我真的很喜欢那部电影。
介词讲义
介词介词:介词是一种用来表示词与词,词与句之间的关系的词。
介词在句子中不能独立使用,它的后面一般有名词、代词(宾格)或相当于名词的其他词、短语来作宾语,构成介词短语。
1.方位介词(表示所处位置和地点的介词)2). 词义辨析in, outside, between①in: 在…..之内,用于表示静止的位置There are four girls in the room. 房间里有4个女孩。
②outside: 指“在……外面”There are many people outside the room. 房间外面有很多人。
③between:在两者之间There is a hospital between the hotel and the post office. 在宾馆和邮局之间有一所医院。
The building stands between the park and the river. 那栋建筑位于公园和小河之间。
④among: 在三者或者更多的之中There are some American students among us. 在我们中间有几个美国学生。
on, above, over, below, under①on: 在……上面,有接触面on the table 在桌子上面There is a flag on the top of the hill. 山顶上有一面旗帜。
②above: 指表示“在……上方或位置高出……”, 与below (在……下方)互为反义词。
A plane flew above our heads. 一架飞机从我们头上飞过。
The Greens live above us. 格林一家住在我们楼上。
③over: 在……正上方,是under的反义词There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。
The flag is over the blackboard. 那面旗帜在黑板的正上方。
介词讲义
初中英语专题复习——介词一、介词概念介词是一种虚词,它在句中的作用非常重要。
它用来表明名词与句中其他词的关系,但是介词不能单独使用。
常考点包括一些固定搭配和一些近义词。
固定搭配如:on one's way home,help…with,send for,be interested in…,be late for,be angry with,be good at等。
for表示多长时间。
since后接时间起点,其终点往往为现在,常与:这两个介词都可以表示时间"在以后"的意思。
其区别是:after 以;in 以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子。
by表示"以…的方式,方法,手段" 和"乘某种交通工具";with";in 表示"以……方式,用语言,文字等媒介"。
It's impossible for me to watch TV after eleven o'clock.It's kind of you to help me.之前的形容词用于描写事物的特点,如可能性,必然性,难易程度等。
二、介词具体点拨(一) 知识概要介词在英语中用法很活,也无一定规律可循。
在初中范围内应学一个记住一个,特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。
下面是一般的规律,可帮助学习时参考介词表示时间,表示地点,方位,表示原因方式,其他。
①about 大约在……时间 如:about five o'clock 在周围②about 大约多远如:about five kilometers③about 关于、涉及如:talk about you④above 高出某一平面如:above sea level如:walk across the street在……之后 如:after supper……后面如:one after another ③追赶如:run after you背靠,逆风如:against the wall,against the windbe against you如:among the trees在某时刻 如:at ten ②在小地点如:at the school gate如:at high speed ④向着,对着如:at me①在……之前 如:before lunch……之前 如:sit before me①位于……之后 如:behind the tree①低于……水平 如:below zero如:below the standard①到……时刻,在……时刻之前如:by five o'clock紧挨着如:site by site③乘坐交通工具如: by air在……期间如:during the holidays①延续多长时间 如:for five years……去如:leave for Shanghai③为了,对于如:be good for you①从某时到……某时 如:from morning till night如:from New York③由某原料制成如:be made from⑤来自何处 如:where are you from①在年、月、周较长时间内 如:in a week②在里面如:in the room用某种语言 如:in English ④穿着如:in red①进入……里面如:walk into②除,分 如:divide into ③变动 如:turn into water①接近某时 如:near five years ②在……附近 如:near the park①用某种原料制成 如:be made of②属于……性质 如:a map of U. S .A①某日、某日的上下午如:on Sunday afternoon②在……上面 如:on the desk ③靠吃……为生如:live on rice③关于 如:a book on Maths①渡过一整段时间 如:work over night②在上方如:over the desk③超过,高于 如:over five pairs①超过某一时刻 如:ten past five②经过某地 如:walk past the park①从某时以来 如:since 1980 ②原因 如:Since you were ill①经过某一时期 如:through his life②通过、穿过某地 如:through the forest①直到某时为止 如:till five o'clock①差多少时间 如:five to ten ②问,到,去往 如:to Shanghai ③面对面 如:face to face ④给予如:give a book to me①在……下面 如:under the desk ②少于 如:under ten在……管制之下如:under the rule①用某种工具 如:with a pen ②带着,具有如:with me没有 如:without air(二) 正误辨析[误]We got to the top of the mountain in daybreak.[正]We got to the top of the mountain at day break.[析]at用于具体时刻之前,[误]Don't sleep at daytime[正]Don't sleep in daytime.[析]in 要用于较长的一段时间之内,或或[正]We visited the old man on Sunday afternoon.[析]in the morning,前面的介词都要改为on,[误][正]He became a writter in his twenties[析]这句话应译为:他在20[误]He went to New York to find a job in sixteen years old.[正]He went to New York to find a job at sixteen.[析]在具体年岁前用at,等等。
高中英语介词讲义
高中英语语法——介词一.常见高频介词的用法:1.against(1.)表示方位:“逆;靠着,倚靠;碰着,撞击”Birds fly slowly__________ the wind.Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back _____________ a big tree.He often stands___________ the fence and talks endlessly with my father about gardening.The girl was leaning ___________ the wall with her arms folded.(2.)表示态度:“反对;对着;违背”They got married____________her parents’ wishes.Scientists are racing_____________ time in order to find a cure for cancer as soon as possible.The invention of artifical hearts marked a turning point in the battle___________ heart disease.An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are ____________ it.(3.)表示对比:“以……为背景;衬托,相应”:The skier’s red clothes stood out clearly __________the snow.Before selecting the curtain for your newly-decorated house, it’s more important to know what colors look great___________ the wall paper.Flowers look better___________ green leaves.(4.)“防备;对抗”:We will be competing __________ the best companies in Europe.Some animals store food___________ the winter.They don’t believe its goal is to defend____________ possible missile attacks from rogue countries.2.as(1.)“作为;当作”I feel that one of my duties__________ a teacher is to help the students to become better learners.New York City, also known___________Big Apple, becomes one of the world’s great business and cultural centers.__________ an eight-year-old boy, I spent most of that afternoon sitting in the shade while they sweated in the sunshine. (2.)习惯用语:as for; as to至于;关于_________ for me, I don’t mind going there by train._________ for the selection of business media, would you like to share some thoughts with us?3.at(1.)表示“处于...状态”Europe was_________peace for the first time in ten years after the wars. After a rather hard time, people couldlive________ at last. (注意:in peace“平静地、安静地”=peacefully; at peace处于和平状态)The two countries are _________ war.(2.)表示“在...时刻、钟点、岁”Children begin schooling___________ the age of five.The two brothers decided to leave _________ midnight, for they had many miles to cover.The advertisement said that a suitable house in a quiet area was up for sale___________ a reasonable price(3.)表示速度、价格、比率:“以...”The population of the world is growing_________ a surprising rate.Gary must have driven_________ the speed of 80 miles an hour just now, for which he was given a ticket by a policeman.(4.)表示目标、方向:“对、向、朝”,这类动词有:laugh, come, aim, pointHe aimed_______ the target.I stared __________everything as if I were looking for the first time.My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows ________ the bird.(5.)表示“应...请求、号召、邀请”We came to Beijing_________ the invitation of my good friend who has been woeking here for three years.(6.)习惯用语:“at+名词短语”:表示“一...就...”at the sight of...一看见...就... at the sound of...一听到...就... at the thought/ ideaof...一想起...就... at the news of ...一得到...的消息,就...The girl cried _________ the sight of her mother.The terrible king’s wish was that all the people would shake in fear_________ the sound of his order.People in love with each other may feel empty and sick___________ the thought of not being together.4.beyond(1.)表示程度:“超出,非……所能及”To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is_____________ expression in words for me.You really nee d to pay a visit to Shanghai since you haven’t been there for years, and you will find changes there are_____________ imagination.We must read not only between the lines, but sometimes__________ the lines so that we can fully understand the writer. (2.)表示时间:“过了,比...晚,迟于……”He delayed the matter ________ the fixed time.He came home__________ the usual time.(3.)表示位置:“在……另一边,在……更远处”The woods go for about two miles ___________ the river. 这片森林伸展到河那边大约两英里。
介词讲义整理
介词一、含义介词属于虚词,不能单独在句子中充当成分,必须与其他词类或者成分结合构成介词短语在句中使用。
二、分类1、简单介词(只是一个单词)2、合成介词3、介词短语4、分词介词三、用法I时间介词1、常见时间介词:at,in,onat①一天中的某个时间点(sunrise,sunset,daybreak,dawn,noon,night,nightfall,midnight等)②节日(期间)③进餐时间(breakfast,lunch,supper)④钟点或某一时刻⑤固定搭配at the beginning/end of,at the age of,at the sight of/at firstsight,at the glance等in①世纪(in the 1980s在20世纪80年代)②年、月、日③季节④早上、下午、晚上(morning,afternoon,evening)on①特定的某一天;具体到某一天的上午、下午、晚上等②节日(节日当天)③如果morning,afternoon,evening,night前有early/lately修饰,或者这些词前有具体钟点,用介词inEg:At five o’clock in the morning,I reached the station.by,until/tillby在......之前;不迟于,通常与非延续性动词、过去完成时连用(强调动作在某个时间点前结束)until/till用法参照until(正式用语,用于句首表强调)/till(口语中常用,通常不用于句首,不用于强调句)【conj.】引导时间状语从句(动作持续到某个时间点)since,forsince常用于现在完成时中,表示情况持续至说话时刻或者动作开始于某个时候since+时间点forfor+一段时间,常与延续性动词连用,表示动作延续或者持续的时间(也可用于回答how long)fromfrom...to...表示开始的时间before,afterbeforebefore+时间点afterafter+时间点(将来时)after+时间段(过去时)注意:根据语言环境判断时态,灵活应用2、加时间段的介词in+一段时间过......后(谓动为短暂性动词);在......之内(谓动为延续性动词)【一般将来/过去将来】(可用来回答how soon)for(同上)during在......期间(强调自始至终)through自始至终;从头到尾II地点介词in,on,toAin 在地区之内,属于该范围(B 在A 内)on 两地相邻、接壤(A 和C )to 在地区之外的某方位,不属于该范围(C 和D )in front of ,in the front of in the front of 在......的前部(范围内)如图Ain front of 在......之前(范围外)如图Bby ,near ,besideby 在......旁边(比near 近)near 在附近,在旁边Eg :She lives by the river.(她住在河边。
介词讲义
介词一、介词的分类:时间介词地点介词方式介词二、知识点精讲:1.表示地点位置的介词1)at ,in, on, to:in表“范围较大的地方”,强调“空间”;at表在“范围较小的地方”,强调“点”;on 表“在物体的表面”in:(1)表示在大地方; He arrives ____ Nanjing . (2)表示“在…范围之内” He lives____ the bedroomat: (1)表示在小地方; He arrives ____ home (2)表示“在……附近,旁边” He sat ____the table表示方位:in:表“在…范围之内” on: 表毗邻,接壤,。
t o: 表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤;或“到……”Hunan lies ___the south of Hubei. Taiwan lies ___the east of China. China lies _____the west of America.表位置:in “在……内”,on “在……上”(接触表面),on “在两边”“在左/右边”。
They are putting up a picture_________thewall.The girl ______the right is a famous actress.1)____ the tree 用于指树上的鸟、人等。
___ the tree用于指生长在树上果实。
2)____ the wall镶嵌在墙内,窗户、门等。
____ the wall在墙的表面之上,地图等。
在报纸上____ the newspaper报上的内容。
____ the newspaper放在报纸上的东西3).There is a big hole ____ the wall. 4).The teacher put up a picture ____ the wall.2)by, beside, near和next to/close to1) by和beside均表示“在……旁边”,常可换用There is a chair ____ the table. 桌子边上有一把椅子。
高三英语语法介词讲义
高三英语语法介词讲义介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一,它表示的是它后面的名词或代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句) 与其他句子成分的关系。
一、介词的分类介词可分为下列三类:1. 简单介词:about, above, across, after, against, among, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, besides, beyond, but, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, like, near, of, off, on, over, past, round, since, through, to, towards, under, until, till, up, with等2. 合成介词:inside, into, onto, outside, throughout, upon, within, without等3. 短语介词:according to, ahead of, along with, apart from, as for, as to, because of, by means of, in front of, in spite of, instead of, on account of, on behalf of , owing to, due to, together with, up to, in/with regard to, next to等介词不能单独充当句子成分,它必须与名词、代词或相当于名词作用的成分(动名词、名词性从句、疑问词+不定式)构成介词短语才能充当句子的成分。
It’s going to be sunny tomorrow according to the weather forecast.How much money need I take with me?She is fond of collecting stamps.I wonder how we can finish the job in time.He gave us some advice on how to learn English.二、介词短语的句法功能1. 作定语,例如:I have lost the key to the door of my room.我把房间的钥匙丢了。
专题07介词(讲义)
小升初英语高频考点专题复习第七讲 介词介词一般用于名词或代词前,表示该词与句中其他成分的关系。
介词后面的名词或代词称为介词宾语(若是人称代词,则要用宾格)。
介词和介词宾语合在一起构成介词短语。
1. at 表示在一个点(或小地方)。
如: at the door 在门口 at the bus stop 在汽车站2. in 表示在一个范围(或大地方)。
如: in Beijing 在北京 in the sea 在海里 in the sky 在空中3. on 表示在表面, 意为“在······上面”, 并与之接触。
如: on the moon 在月亮上考点一地点介词on the grass 在草地上4. above指“在⋯⋯上方”, 不与之接触, 不强调是否垂直, 与below相对。
如:The bird is flying above my head. 鸟在我的头上飞。
5. over指垂直的上方,与under相对。
over指与物体之间有一定的空间,不直接接触。
如:There is a bridge over the river. 在小河的上方有一座桥。
6. below 和under表示“在······下面”。
under 表示“在······正下方”, below 表示“在······下”, 不一定在正下方。
如:There is a cat under the table. 在桌子下面有一只猫。
Write your name below the line. 把你的名字写在线下面。
7. in front of 和in the front of 表示“在······前面”。
介词讲义
介词讲义介词是一种虚词,用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系,不能单独使用。
介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。
当介词后直接跟动词时,动词用—ing形式。
II表示时间的介词(1) at,on,in1)at:用于表示时刻、时间的某一点at noon正午时at night在夜间at present目前at nine在九点钟2)on:用于某天,某一天的上、下午(指具体的某一天时,一律用on)注意:泛指一般的上午(下午)时用in,但特指某日的上午(下午)时用on。
in the morning在早上on sunday morning在周日早上on Monday在周一on Tuesday morning在周二早上on May 4,1996在1996年5月4日on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚on the night of July(the) first在七月一日的夜晚3)in:用于表示一段时间,用于年、月、世纪、四季或泛指的一天的上午、下午或晚上等名词前,还可用于表示“从现在起,多长时间之后”如:in three days.注意:在this,last,next,every等词前面不能再加介词。
this morning今天上午last Friday 上周五next Sunday下周日in the week在这周in May在五月in spring在春季in 1995在1995年in September,1995在1995年9月in the morning在上午in the afternoon在下午in the evening在晚上(2)in,after1) in:过……后(未来时间) in是以现在为基准,in an hour是指从现在起1小时之后,所以一般只用于将来时。
用how soon 或when 提问。
in an hour 一小时之后in a week or so 一个多星期之后He will be back in five hours.他五小时之后回来。
介词讲义完整版
介词一;介词的分类1.简单介词;是指单个的介词如: in; on; at; on; to; with等2.合成介词;是指两个简单介词合在一起构成的介词如: into; onto; without; inside3.短语介词;是指一个或两个简单介词与一个或几个其他词类的词组合;在意义和作用上相当于一个简单介词的短语如: instead of 代替 because of因为according to按照 in front of 在...的前面二;表示时间的介词1.at表示具体的时间点如:at eight o’clock联想: at构成的固定短语:at first首先 at least至少at present目前 at noon在中午at the age of在...岁时 at the moment在目前;现在at the same time同时 at school 在上学at the end of在......末如: In some western countries shops are closed___________ weekends.2.in用于年;月;季节;上午;下午;晚上等..in March在三月 in spring在春天in 2008在2008年 in the morning/afternoon/evening注意: in表示在某一季节或某一月份时;一般不加冠词;但季节和月份的意义一旦具体化;就要加定冠词the..如: The weather is a little in May.An earthquake happened in Sichuan in the May of 2008.In summer children are happy because they can swim.联想:in构成的固定短语:hand in上交 in fact事实上in surprise吃惊地 in search of寻找in public当众 in the end最后;终于in no time立刻;马上 in a minute立刻;马上in front of在...前面 in a word一句话;总而言之in good health身体健康的 do well in在...方面干的不错be interested in对...感兴趣 in common共同的show great interest in对......感兴趣in the last/past several years在过去的几年里3.表示具体的某一天或某一天的早晨;晚上等;用on..如: In the morning I often get up at six o’clock but________Sunday morning; I get up at seven.A traffic accident happened near our school _________ the night of May 2nd; 2014.联想:on构成的固定短语:on board乘坐车;飞机 on duty值班;值日on earth到底 on fire着火on foot 步行 on hire雇佣on holiday度假 on time按时be on show展览 on the right在右边on the other hand另一方面 a book on history一本关于历史的书on one’s way to在某人去...的路上4.表示时间的since; for; by; during; until1since自从后跟具体的过去时间;for后接一段时间..for和since短语所在的句子应用现在完成时;谓语动词要用延续性动词..如:Great changes have taken place in my hometown since the year 2000.We have lived in the city for about five years.(2)by+时间点;意为“到...为止”;如果by后面跟的是将来的时间点;用一般将来时或将来完成时;如果by后面跟一个过去的时间点;用过去完成时..如: I will finish eating by nine o’clock.By the end of last week; we had finished learning Unit5.(3)during+时间段;与延续性动词连用;表示某期间的动作..如:She had trained hard during the four years to get ready for London Olympic Games.(4)until+时间点;意为“道...为止”;句中的谓语动词若是非延续性动词;构成句型not...until直到...才如: We stayed there until the sunset.We didn’t go home until the sunset.(5)表示时间前后的before; afterbefore在...之前; after在...之后如:We must hand in our homework before class.After half past eleven we can relax ourselves.注意:before作为介词;还可以表示“面临;面对”如:What should you do before so many difficultiesI had nothing to say before her.三.表示方位;地点;行为对象等的介词1.表示方位的介词in; to; onin表示包含关系;意为“在......范围内”;on表示相邻关系;接壤;to表示相隔关系..如:China is________ the east of Asia.Japan is ________ the east of China.Russia is ________ the north of China.2.表示“上下”等方位的介词over; under; above; below; on(1)over在......正上方;其反义词为under如:There is a football under the desk.I looked up and saw a plane flying over my head.(2)above表示“在......上方”;非垂直关系; 其反义词为below如:The plane is flying above the clouds.(3)on在......之上;指两者表面接触..其反义词也为under3.表示“前后”的介词和短语介词(1)in front of 在......前面;指在范围之外的前面;和before意义接近..如:There are some bikes in front of the teaching building.(2)behind是in front of 的反义词;意为“在......后面”(3)in the front of表示在范围之内的前面;其反义词组是at the back of4.by; beside在......旁边;between在两者之间; among在三者及以上之间(1)by和beside意义相近如:Do you know the man who is standing by the windowLucy sits beside me. She is my deskmate.(2)between指两者之间;也表示三者或多者中的每两者之间;among指三个或三个以上的事物或人之间..注意:between表示两者之间;只要构成双方关系;就可以用between如:There are so many desks in the classroom that there is hardly any room to move between them. 教室里有这么多张课桌;几乎没有空间从它们中间穿过..5.across; through穿过across从表面穿过;through穿越;穿透;透过;指从物体内部穿过..如:1When you go________ the road; you must be careful.2Which river runs________ Shanghai3 --I left my keys in the room yesterday. I had to get in________ the window.--It’s dangerous to do that.A. inB. throughC. overD. to6.表示里外的in; inside; into; onto; out of; outside(1)in在......之内如:My keys are in my pocket.注意:外来物“在树上”;用in;树上结出的东西“在树上”;用on如:There are some birds________ the tree.Autumn comes and some red apples________ the apple trees come into people’s eyes.(2)inside在......里面;到......里面..反义词为outside如:ListenSomeone is talking in a low voice inside the door.Don’t stay outside.(3)into到......内..强调空间或状态的转换..反义词为out of如: Why not go into the house and have a lookHe looked out of the window and saw some people coming back from work.注意: out of 还有“脱离;失去”等意义..如: He has been out of work for long.Fish can’t live long out of water.7.表示“靠近”的near; next to; aroundnear在......附近next to在......旁边around在......周围如: There is a park near our neighborhood.I didn’t remember to phone until near the end of the week.The mouse is next to my computer.That patient is next to death.The flowers and applause掌声 are always around the winners.注意:around 还表示“大约”;同义词:about如:It was around/about twelve o’clock in the evening.8.表示运动方向的for; to; towards(1)for常接在leave; start等动词之后;表示运动的方向或目的地..如: They’ll leave for Beijing to attend the meeting next month. (2)to跟在go; come; return; move等动词之后;表示目的地;它既表示运动方向;又包含运动结果..如:When did you return to Guangzhou after the summer holiday(3)towards朝;向..只说明运动的方向;没有“到达”的意思如: The teacher is coming towards the classroom now.9.表示行为对象的to; at一般来说;at 同某些动词连用;表示攻击目标;含有某种程度的恶意;to则只表示方向;并无恶意..如: I threw the ball to him and he threw it at the dog.He came________me and said hello to me.A dog came________her and she was frightened受惊吓的..10.最高级结构中表示范围的of; in同类比较时;若主语和范围一致;一般用of; of后多为数词或可数名词复数;将某人/某物置于集体或环境中进行比较时;用in; in后一般是可数名词的单数..如:She is the most beautiful girl ________ the three sisters.Tom is the tallest boy________ the class.四.表示“除......之外”的介词1.besides除......之外还如: Five others were late besides me.There will be five of us for dinner; besides John.2.but; except除......之外..but常与否定词连用如: No one but we knows about the news.He has few friends except you in this school.He has few friends except you in this school.They all went to sleep except me.3.except for表示从整体中排除;除......之外;前后不是一类事物..如: The care is really wonderful except for its price.The composition is quite good except for a few spelling mistakes.五.表示方式;手段或工具的介词1.by; in; on表交通方式by bike=on a bike; by car=in a car如:Do you usually come to school by bike2.by; in with表示手段或工具(1)by表示用某种方式或手段..名此前不加冠词..如: This pair of shoes is made by hand.The old man had to make money by selling vegetables.(2)in表示使用某种语言;用墨水;颜色;颜料等..名此前不加冠词..如: Can you say it in EnglishPlease write it in ink; not in pencil.(3)with后跟具体的工具如: People here build houses with stones.I like to write with a ball pen.拓展:with常用来表示伴随;意为“有;带有”;其反义词为without如:This is a house with a garden.Fish can’t live without water.六.引出动词不定式逻辑主语的介词..1.一般情况下用for sb. to do sth如:It’s necessary for us to learn English.It’s difficult for children to read such a book.2.表示品质;性格;特征的形容词后用of sb. to do sth.; 这类句型中动词不定式的逻辑主语和形容词构成主系表结构..如:It’s foolish of him to make such a decision.It’s kind of you to give me so much help.七.其它介词的用法1.as作为;as for至于如: ________students we should work hard.He works________ a teacher in this school.________him; I know nothing.2.thanks to 同because of;意为“因为;由于”如:Thanks to your help; I am good at my lessons.Because of the weather; we have to put off the sports meet.八.介词的省略1.in的省略be busy in doing sth忙于做某事have difficulty/trouble in doing sth.做某事有困难in this/that way以这种/那种方法spend...in doing sth. 花费......做某事have a good time in doing sth. 做某事很高兴waste... in doing浪费......做某事There’s no use/good in doing sth.做某事有用/没有好处2.for的省略for+时间段里的for;在口语中可以省略;尤其是在肯定句中..但是在否定句中或在句首一般不可以省略..如:The rain lasted for a whole afternoon.He has been waiting for three hours.We haven’t seen each other for a long time.For a whole month; there is no rain.九.常用介词短语1.常与with连用的短语do with处置;对付go on with继续......agree with同意......be busy with忙于keep/catch up with跟上fill...with....用......装满......be familiar with...熟悉......be popular with...受......欢迎be angry with sb.生某人的气cover...with....用......覆盖........ help...with...在......方面帮助...... get on well with与......相处的好be strict with sb.对某人要求严格be pleased with sb.对某人感到满意2.常与at 连用的短语look at看knock at敲at last最后at once立刻laugh at嘲笑......shoot at朝......射击work at致力于......be good at擅长......be weak at不擅长......arrive at到达某地小地方be amazed at对......感到吃惊3.常与on连用的短语get on上车turn on打开try on试穿put on穿上call on 号召depend on依靠;取决于live on 依赖........生活spend...on...在......上花费......4.常与of连用的短语hear of听说take care of照料look out of朝外看a kind of一种a type of一种be fond of喜欢instead of代替......think of认为;考虑all kinds of各种各样的be proud of为......而骄傲be confident of对......有信心be tired of对......感到厌烦be made of由......制成能看出材料be scared/afraid/terrified of...害怕......5.常与from连用的短语come from来自于be far from距离......远hear from收到......的来信across from在......的对面be different from与......不同borrow... from...从......借来......be made from由......制成看不出原料6.常与for连用的短语look for寻找for example例如be late for迟到be fit for适合wait for等候pay for为......付款for a while一会儿as for至于;关于be sorry for为......感到抱歉send for派人去请......leave for离开去......ask for请求;向......要...... thanks for为......感谢......get ready for为......做好准备be famous/known for以......而闻名7.常与to连用的短语get to到达turn to翻到pay attention to注意listen to听according to根据......be next to在......隔壁be friendly to对......友好to one’s joy使某人高兴的是be polite to sb. 对某人有礼貌to one’s surprise使某人惊讶的是。
2024年度初中详细语法介词讲解课件
01 表示伴随情况
介词短语放在句尾可以表示伴随情况,如“他走 进了房间,手里拿着一本书。”中的“手里拿着 一本书”就是伴随状语。
02 表示结果或目的
介词短语放在句尾还可以表示动作的结果或目的 ,如“他努力学习,为了考上好大学。”中的“ 为了考上好大学”就是目的状语。
03 表示方式或方法
介词短语放在句尾也可以表示动作的方式或方法
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尝试用所学介词描述事物 、表达观点,提高实际运 用能力。
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THANKS
感谢观看
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避免在不需要介词的地方使用介词,以免 产生歧义。
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介词误用辨析及改正方法
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误用类型及原因分析
混淆介词与动词、连词等其他词类
介词搭配错误
如将介词误用作动词,或将连词误用作介 词等。
如介词与名词、动词、形容词等搭配不当 ,导致句子意思表达不清或产生歧义。
介词缺失或多余
介词位置不当
通过比较法进行辨析
将容易混淆的介词放在一起进行比较,分析它们的异同点,以便更好 地进行辨析。
结合语境进行辨析
根据句子的语境和上下文联系,理解介词在句子中的作用和意义,从 而进行辨析。
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改பைடு நூலகம்策略和实践建议
增强语法意识,注意介词 的正确使用
在写作和口语表达中,要时刻 注意介词的正确使用,避免出 现误用现象。
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for
表示原因或目的,例如:for his illness(因为他生病了),for studying hard(为了努力学习) 。
because of
表示由于某种原因,后面接名词 或动名词,例如:because of the rain(因为下雨),because of being late(因为迟到)。
高中英语简明语法系列---介词讲义
介词介词是用于名词或代词之前、表示词与词之间关系的词类。
介词常与动词、形容词和名词搭配表示不同的意义。
表示时间关系的介词1. 表示时间段的介词(1) in, after“in+时间段”的名词词组表示从现在起往后推算一段时间,“after+时间段”表示从过去某时间往后推算一段时间。
例如:He'll return in three days/in three days' time.他三天后回来。
He left on Sunday and returned after three days.他星期日动身,三天后回来。
(2) in, within,duringin表示一段时间之内,within强调不能超过某段时间。
表示在一段特指的时间内,可用in或during,名词前通常有冠词、物主代词等限定词。
例如:The work was done in/within a week.这工作一周内就完成了。
The work was done during/in the holidays.这工作是假期里完成的。
表示年份、月份、季节用介词in。
例如:in 1990, in July, in summer。
in(3)during the(last+时间段for pastover表示在最近一段时间内,句中谓语动词通常用现在完成时。
She has been in London in the last few years.她最近几年一直在伦敦。
(4) for,overfor表示延续一段时间。
over表示贯穿一段时间。
例如:I'll study in the college for two years.我将在大学学习两年。
I hope they will stay over Christmas.我希望他们能过完圣诞。
2. 表示某一时间的介词(1) at, onat表示某一时刻,on表示某一天或日期。
例如:Shall we meet at 6:30?我们六点半见面好吗?The meeting will continue on Monday, April 1.会议四月一日,星期一继续进行。
介词讲义
介词常见介词的活用(by,with,against,over,on,in,at,besides,for)1.over可表位置,意为“在……上方,越过;遮住,盖住”,也可表时间,意为“在……期间,(多年)以来”等,它还有“在……(问题)上,对(某事)”等引申意义。
如:①Y0u can’t wear a blue jacket over that shirt—it’ll look terrible.你不能在那件衬衣外面再穿上蓝色的夹克——太难看了。
②We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea.我们一边喝茶一边愉快地交谈。
③We heard it over the radio.我们从广播中听到了它。
2.by的主要意思有“在……旁,靠近;乘(车、船等);不迟于;到……为止;被,由;根据,按照(关系);通过……方式”等,还可以用来表示增加或减少的程度。
by构成的常见短语有:by and by不久,迟早by and large大体上by oneself单独by the way顺便说说by far……得多,最…… by chance碰by accident偶然地by means of借助by no means绝不,一点也不by mistake错误地①The water in the river rose by two meters.②He is an Englishman by birth.他在血统上是英国人。
3.with可以用来表示“带有,拥有;随着;就……来说;用,以;和,与;对于,关于”等意思。
with还可用来表示原因。
如:①He turned red with anger.他气得脸变红了。
②The problem with looking into space from the earth is that there is a lot of dust in the earth’s air.从地球上观察太空存在一个问题,就是地球的大气中有大量的尘埃。
第06讲 介词(讲义)(解析版)
第06讲介词目录01 考情透视.目标导航 (2)02 知识导图.思维引航 (3)03 考点突破.考法探究 (4)【基础详单】知识点1 介词概述、命题及解题方向 (4)知识点2 介词的句法功能 (4)考点一介词的基本用法知识点1 介词形式的分类 (5)知识点2 常用介词辨析 (6)知识点3 重难易错常考其它介词 (10)考点二介词和其它词类的搭配知识点1 介词和名词的搭配 (12)知识点2 介词和形容词的搭配 (14)知识点3 介词和其它词类的搭配 (15)04真题练习·命题洞现1.真题实战 (16)2.命题演练·······························································································································【基础详单】知识点1 介词概述介词是一种虚词。
介词讲义
介词定义:介词是表示名词、代词和句中其他词之间关系的词,主要表示时间、地点、方位等介词时间:on, in, at, before方位:on, over, under, below分类动向:into, out of, along, across,through方式:by, with, in考点清单考点一:时间介词1.on表示具体的时间,如星期几,几号如:on Monday 在星期一on March 5th在3月5号2.In 指某一段时间,用在表示某年、某月、某季节或早上、下午、晚上。
如:如:In the morningIn 2008In February 在二月3.at 用在时刻和中午的前面,表示具体的时间点如:at 6: 00 在6点at noon 在中午4.before 和after 的用法◆before 表示在----之前如:Wash your hands before meals. 饭前要洗手。
◆after 表示在-----之后如:They often do their homework after school.他们经常放学后写作业。
5.from----to----:表示从----到----如:We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从周一到周五上学。
练习1、( ) She often goes swimming ____ Sunday morning.A.atB. inC.onD. for2、We had our breakfast ___a quarter(15分钟)___sevenA /,toB in,toC at,toD on,to3、I was born(出生于) ___the night ___September 15,1978A in,onB at ,onC at ,inD on ,of4、We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived _______ 5 o’clock ______ the morning.A. on; inB. at; inC. at; onD. in; on5. Do your homework (before/after) watching TV.6.Washing your hands (before/after) going to the bathroom.7. We have class Monday Friday.考点二:方位介词练习on over above in front of in the front of1.There is a tree the mountain.2. There is a bridge the river.2.There is a plane our head.3.The students sits the classroom.4.The tree stands the classroom.考点三:动向介词动向介词是指该介词出了具有方向性外,还伴随着动作,如through,into等。
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,介词的分类1. 简单介词,是指单个的介词女口:in, on, at, on, to, with 等2. 合成介词,是指两个简单介词合在一起构成的介词如:in to, on to, without, i nside3. 短语介词,是指一个或两个简单介词与一个或几个其他词类的词组合,在意义和作用上相当于一个简单介词的短语如:in stead of 代替because of 因为accord ing to 按照二,表示时间的介词in front of在…的前面1. at表示具体的时间点女口:at eight o'clock联想:at构成的固定短语:at first 首先at least 至少at prese nt 目前at noon在中午at the age of在…岁时at the same time同时at the end of在。
末at the mome nt在目前,现在at school在上学女口: _________________________________________________ In some wester n coun tries shops are closed _____________________________ w eeke nds.2. in用于年,月,季节,上午,下午,晚上等。
in March在三月in spri ng在春天in 2008 在2008 年in the morni ng/afterno on /eve ning注意:in表示在某一季节或某一月份时,一般不加冠词,但季节和月份的意义一旦具体化,就要加定冠词the。
女口:The weather is a little in May.An earthquake happe ned in Sichua n in the May of 2008.In summer childre n are happy because they can swim.联想:in构成的固定短语:show great interest in 对。
感兴趣in the last/past several year 在 过去的几年里 3.表示具体的某一天或某一天的早晨,晚上等,用 on如: In the morning 1 ofte n get up at six o 'clock butSun day morning, 1 get up at seve n.A traffic accide nt happened2014.联想:on 构成的固定短语:on board 乘坐(车,飞机)on earth 至U 底on foot 步行on holiday 度假be on show 展览on the other hand 另一方面on one 'way to 在某人去...的路上4.表示时间的 since, for, by, during, until(1) sinee (自从)后跟具体的过去时间,for 后接一段时间。
for 和since 短语所在 的句子应用现在完成时,谓语动词要用延续性动词。
女口: Great changes have taken place in my hometown since the year 2000.We have lived in the city for about five years. ⑵by+时间点,意为“到…为止”如果by 后面跟的是将来的时间点,用一般将 来时或hand in 上交in surprise 吃惊地in public 当众in no time 立刻,马上in front of 在…前面in good health 身体健康的 in fact 事实上 in search of 寻找 in the end 最后,终于 in a minute 立刻,马上 in a word 一句话,总而言之 do well in 在…方面干的不错near our school ________ the night of May 2on duty 值班,值日 on fire 着火 on hire 雇佣 on time 按时 on the right 在右边 a book on history 一本关于历史的书将来完成时,如果by后面跟一个过去的时间点,用过去完成时。
如: I will finish eating by nine o 'lock.By the end of last week, we had fini shed lear ning Un it5.⑶during+时间段,与延续性动词连用,表示某期间的动作。
如:She had trained hard during the four years to get ready for London Olympic Games.⑷until+时间点,意为“道…为止”,句中的谓语动词若是非延续性动词,构成句型not...until直到…才女口:We stayed there un til the sun set.We did n'tgo home un til the sun set.⑸表示时间前后的before, afterbefore在…之前,after在…之后女口:We must hand in our homework before class.After half past eleve n we can relax ourselves.注意:before作为介词,还可以表示“面临,面对”女口:What should you do before so many difficulties?I had nothing to say before her.三.表示方位,地点,行为对象等的介词1. 表示方位的介词in, to, onin表示包含关系,意为“在。
范围内”,on表示相邻关系,接壤;to表示相隔关系。
女口:China is _____ the east of Asia.Japa n is_______ the east of China.Russia is ______ the north of China.2. 表示“上下”等方位的介词over, un der, above, below, on(1) over在。
正上方,其反义词为under女口:There is a football under the desk.I looked up and saw a pla ne flying over my head.⑵above表示“在。
上方”,非垂直关系,其反义词为below女口:The plane is flying above the clouds.(3) on在。
之上,指两者表面接触。
其反义词也为under3. 表示“前后”的介词和短语介词(1) in front of在。
前面,指在范围之外的前面,和before意义接近。
女口:There are some bikes in front of the teachi ng build ing.⑵behind是in front of的反义词,意为“在。
后面”⑶in the fron t of表示在范围之内的前面,其反义词组是at the back of4. by, beside在o。
旁边;between在两者之间,among在三者及以上之间(1) by和beside意义相近女口:Do you know the man who is standing by the window?Lucy sits beside me. She is my deskmate.(2) between指两者之间,也表示三者或多者中的每两者之间;among指三个或三个以上的事物或人之间。
注意:between表示两者之间,只要构成双方关系,就可以用between女口:There are so many desks in the classroom that there is hardly any room to movebetwee n them.教室里有这么多张课桌,几乎没有空间从它们中间穿过。
5. across, through穿过across从表面穿过,through穿越,穿透,透过,指从物体内部穿过。
女口:(1)When you go ____ the road, you must be careful.(2) Which river runs _______ Sha nghai?(3) --I left my keys in the room yesterday. I had to get in _______ t he wi ndow.--It 'dan gerous to do that.A. inB. throughC. overD. to6. 表示里外的in, in side, in to, on to, out of, outside(1) in在。
之内女口:My keys are in my pocket.注意:外来物“在树上”,用in,树上结出的东西“在树上”,用on女口:There are some birds ____ the tree.Autu mn comes and some red apples _______ the apple trees come into peo'e eyes.⑵inside在。
里面,至叽。
里面。
反义词为outside如:Liste n! Some one is talki ng in a low voice in side the door.Don 'stay outside.(3) into至到o oo内。
强调空间或状态的转换。
反义词为o ut of如: Why not go into the house and have a look?He looked out of the wi ndow and saw some people coming back from work.注意:out of还有“脱离,失去”等意义。
如:He has been out of work for long.Fish can 'live long out of water.7. 表示“靠近”的near, next to, aroundnear在。
附近next to在。
旁边around在。
周围女口:There is a park n ear our n eighborhood.I did n 'remember to pho ne un til n ear the end of the week.The mouse is n ext to my computer.That patie nt is n ext to death.The flowers and applause掌声)are always around the wi nn ers.注意:around还表示“大约”,同义词:about女口:It was around/about twelve oclock in the evening.8. 表示运动方向的for, to, towards(1) for常接在leave, start等动词之后,表示运动的方向或目的地。