英译汉复习重点

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英汉翻译复习材料

英汉翻译复习材料

英汉翻译复习材料A New Coursebook On English-Chinese TranslationChapter One: Introduction of Translation1.1Definition1.1.1What is translation?1.1.2Translatability (可译性)1.1.3Translatability has limitations1.1.4Classification①intralingual translation & interlingual translation②interpretation & translation③Translation of literary works, of scientific materials ,of practical writing, of journalese(newspapers and magazines)④full text; extr acted; adapted translation1.2 Criterion of translation1.2.1 Criterion at home and abroad(1)严复的“信、达、雅”(faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance)(2) 钱钟书的“化境”(sublimation)(3) 傅雷的“神似”(similarity in spirit)(4) Alexander F. Tytler’s three principles of translation1.2.2 Basic criterion : faithfulness & smoothnessFaithfulness①Faithful to the original meaninge.g. 1. Jane does not work hard because she wants to earn money.误译:因为简想赚钱,所以才不下力干。

翻译复习资料(学生版)

翻译复习资料(学生版)

大学英语5级读写(提高班)翻译复习英译汉:1.The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.看到我们的喷气式飞机,听见隆隆的机声,令我特别神往。

2.He was eloquent and elegant—but soft.他有口才、有风度,但性格软弱。

3.His whole family were religious.他全家都是虔诚的教徒。

4.When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist,his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.只要一发现有可能反对他的人,他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。

5.The decision has to come.决定还没做出6.Characteristically,Mr.Harold concealed his feelings and watched and learned.海罗德与众不同,他隐藏着自己的感情,边看边学。

7.The frequency,wave length,and speed of sound are closely related.频率、波长和声速三者是密切相关的。

8.Of visible light,red light has the longest and violet the shortest wavelength.在各种可见光中,红光的波长最长,紫光的波长最短。

9.He tried vainly to talk us into agreement with the unrealistic proposal.他试图劝说我们同意接受这项不切实际的建议,但还是白费了力气。

(副词的分译)10.They,not unexpectedly,did not respond.他们根本没有答复,这是不足为奇的。

汉译英复习资料

汉译英复习资料

汉译英重点句子1. 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记是人准确。

Reading make a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.2. 阅读训练人的眼睛,说话训练人的口齿,写作训练人的思维。

Reading exercises one's eyes; Speaking, one's tongue; while writing, one's mind.3. 我们应该学会如何分析问题和解决问题。

We should learn how to analyze and solve problems.3. 语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的,费下苦功不可。

The mastery of the language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.4. 独立思考对学习是绝对必要的。

Independent thinking is absolute necessity in study.5. 我们很高兴的看到,中国的经济已有了很大的发展。

It is our great pleasure to note that China has made great progress in economy.6. 科学家们深信,所有物质都是不灭的。

Scientists are confident that all matter is indestructible.9. 许多人认为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维活动相比,认为这些思维活动必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。

And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can by no means be compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training.10.如果一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位,不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文化的发展,要享受其基本权利,即使不是不可能,也是不容易的。

PEP小学四年级英语下册复习知识点(英译汉)

PEP小学四年级英语下册复习知识点(英译汉)

PEP小学四年级英语下册复习知识点Unit1一、单词:first floor second floor home room bedroombathroom living room kitchen classroom schoolpark library bookstore farm zoo gardenstudy playground teacher’s office library gym art room computer room music room TV room shop next to homework class forty way二、Let’s do:Go to the library.Read a book.Go to the teachers’ office. Say hello.Go to the playground.Play football.Go to the garden.Water the flowers.三、发音:er /ə/:sweater tiger father brother mother computer farmer ruler driver water sister dinner weather teacher eraser四、句型:1、Is that the computer room?2、Do you have a library? Yes,we do. /No, we don’t3. Where is the library?It’s on the second floor.4. How many students are there in your class?Forty-five students.5. It is a computer.This is my school.。

That is the playground.6. Is this the art room? Yes,it is.No,it isn’t.Is that the teacher’s office? Yes,it is.No,it isn’t.Is it a computer? Yes,it is.No,it isn’t.Do you have a playground?Yes,we do No,we don’t./Yes,I do.No,I don’t.7. This way please.一、单词:一日三餐 breakfast lunch dinner/supper课程(classes):science Chinese class math class PE class English class computer class art classmusic class English class music class PE classget up go to school go home go to bed over now o’clock kid thirty hurry come on just a minute 二、Let’s do:It’s time for breakfast.Let’s drink some milk.It’s time for lunch.Let’s have some chicken.It’s time for dinner.Let’s eat some rice.It’s time for PE class.Let’s jump and run.It’s time for English class.Let’s read and write.It’s time for music class.Let’s sing and dance.三、发音:ir和urIr /ə:/: bird girl birthday thirty shirt T-shirt skirt first Ur /ə:/ :nurse hamburger hurt turn四、句型:It’s time for+名词It’s time to+动词What time is it now? It’s5o’clock.。

英汉互译期末复习

英汉互译期末复习

英汉互译期末复习一、翻译下列短语tourist visa 旅游签证special report 专题报道circus performance 马戏lyric poem 抒情诗internal combustion engine 内燃机Parataxis 意合Joseph Needham 李约瑟fundamental issue 基本问题theatrical mask 戏剧脸谱The Waterloo Bridge 魂断蓝桥village head 村长diplomatic passport 外交护照senior nurse 主任护士network transaction 网络交易area of news coverage 现场采访chain reaction 连锁反应data highway 信息高速公路 a stick-and –carrot policy 大棒加胡萝卜政策老乡fellow-townsman 公务员civil service头条新闻top/headline news 事倍功半half result with double efforts勿靠近车门keep clear of door 入境签证entry visa阶梯教室lecture theatre 免税商店duty-free shop安全检查security check 情人节the Valent ine’s Day元宵节the Lantern Festival 沉默是金Silence is golden杂技表演acrobatic performance 执行主席executive chairman科技英语English for science and technology经济舱Economy Class 商务舱Business Class功臣the great contributor 武术martial art出发点starting point 室温room temperature蜀南竹海the Bamboo Forest in Southern Sichuan澳门Macao 归化adaptation红糖brown sugar二、翻译下列句子1.When we are in buoyant health, death is all but unimaginable. We seldomthink of it. The days stretch out in endless vista. So we go about our pettytasks, hardly aware of our listless attitude toward life.当我们年富力强时,死亡几乎是不可想象的。

英汉翻译总复习 (2)

英汉翻译总复习 (2)

英汉翻译总复习I. Directions: Decide whether the following statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).1.“以效果而论,翻译应当像临画一样,所求得不在形似而在神似”。

这是鲁迅提出的翻译观点。

2. 玄奘提倡翻译理论和实践相结合,其诸如增补、省略、变位、分合、替代等在今天仍有指导意义。

3. 英语中代词、介词、连词的使用频率高。

汉语的数词使用得多, 因为汉语的成语及缩略语靠数词构成。

4. 英语属于“多枝共干型”或“葡萄串型”,英语句子如“老树参天, 枝杈横生”句子长,插入成分多,形成复杂嵌套结构,呈现“右分支”(right-branching )状,“前重心”,即主要信息放在主句中,放在句首,前重后轻,呈“孔雀尾”(头小尾大)状。

5. 一般来讲,在英语句子中,名词和介词占优势,而在汉语中动词占优势。

6. 汉语是一门动词化的语言,而英语主要以名词为主,呈静态特点。

7. 两汉至唐宋时期对佛经的翻译掀起了我国翻译史的第一次翻译高潮。

8. 就英汉对比而言,汉语重语义,英语重结构,汉语多补充,英语多省略。

9.英汉两种语言分属不同的语系,汉语属于汉臧语系(Sino-Tibetan)英语,属于印欧语系(Indo-European)。

10.释道安提出“五失本,三不易”的翻译理论。

“三不易”指翻译工作中的三种难事:难得恰当,难得契合,难得正确。

11.玄奘提倡翻译理论和实践相结合,其诸如增补、省略、变位、分合、替代等在今天仍有指导意义。

12. 由于词汇使用频率不对应,翻译是时不能拘泥与字面的对应,而应该以整体意义为重,灵活变通。

13.汉语句子属于语义型或意合型(parataxis),依仗意义,即内在的逻辑关系组织语言的手段,“以意统形”,英语句子属于(hypotaxis)语法型或形合型,依仗形式(包括词“集”(词组乃至语篇)的语言组织手段。

14.鲁迅提出了翻译要“宁信而不顺”,而钱钟书则提出翻译要做到“神似”。

《英语翻译基础》句子翻译复习整理

《英语翻译基础》句子翻译复习整理

最新电大《英语翻译基础》翻译句子复习整理英译汉A big reward will make the brave come forward重赏之下,必有勇夫。

A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush,一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林。

A little forethought would have saved you much trouble afterwards你如果事先略作盘算,后来也不至于有那么多的麻烦了。

A mastery of Chinese and English is essential for E-C or C-E translation做英汉/汉英翻译必须掌握好汉语与英语。

A new kind of aircraft—small,cheap,pilotless—is attracting increasing attention。

一种新型的飞机正越来越引起人们的注意——这种飞机体积不大,价钱便宜,无人驾驶。

A red sun rose slowly from the calm lake。

一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。

A stream was winding its way through the valley into the river。

一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷,汇合到江里去了。

A tiny staggerer came suddenly rocking into the yard.一个刚刚学步的小宝宝突然摇摇晃晃地走进院子After all preparations were made ,the planes were flown across he U.S to San Francisco.一切准备工作就绪以后,飞机就飞越美国去旧金山。

All roads lead to Rome条条大路通罗马。

All the articles are untouchable in the museum.博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸。

大学终极版英语复习资料

大学终极版英语复习资料

Unit 1-6 课后翻译汉译英英译汉1. 你愿意把你的经验和组里的其他人分享吗?:Would you like to share your experience with the rest of the group?2. 你父亲如果还健在的话,他会为你骄傲的:If your father were still alive, he would be very proud of you.3. 她开车转弯上了自家的车道不料发现路已被堵塞:She turned up the driveway, only to find her way blocked.4. 他没有告诉任何人就走了,因为他不想卷入那件事。

He went away without telling anyone, because he didn’t want to get involved in that matter.5. 最终,产品的成功还是取决于高明的销售手段:Ultimately, the success of the product depends on good marketing. 1. 我们急匆匆地赶到火车站,结果发现火车刚刚开走。

We hurried to the railway station, only to find the train had just left.2. 你和你哥哥都不是细心的人,你们两个都不能做这件需要细心和技巧的工作。

(no more than)Answer:You are no more careful than your brother. You two can’t do the work that needs care and skill.3. 多一个人参会对会议安排不会有什么影响。

(make a difference)Answer:One more person wouldn’t make any difference to the meeting arrangements.4. 他一直工作到昨天深夜,或者更确切地说,是到今天凌晨。

英汉笔译期末“短句翻译”复习提纲

英汉笔译期末“短句翻译”复习提纲

1. Today the electronic computer is widely used in solving mathematical problems having to do with weather forecasting and putting satellites into orbit.译文:今天, 电子计算机广泛地运用于解决一些数学问题, 这些问题与天气预报、把卫星送入轨道有关。

2. No reference books are to be taken out of the reading-room without permission译文:本阅览室的任何参考书都不得擅自带出。

3. Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind. It is the freshness of the deep springs of life.译文:青春不是人生的一个阶段,而是一种心境。

青春是生命深处的一泓清泉。

4. The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the information media.译文:因为距离远,又缺乏交通工具,农村社会是与外界隔绝的。

这种隔绝状态由于通信工具不足,就变得更加严重了。

5. You can fool all the people some of the time and some of the people all the time, but you cannot fool all the people all the time.译文:骗人一夕一事易,欺众一生一世难。

6. Care should be taken at all times to protect these sophisticated instruments from dust and damp.译文:应当始终注意保护这些精密仪器,不使其沾染灰尘,不让他们受潮。

期末考试句子翻译复习-英译汉

期末考试句子翻译复习-英译汉

1.Since we are through with the customs formalities, we feel rather released.我们办完了海关手续,感觉如释重负。

2.Repeated failures at making experiments may be too much for many talented would-bescientists.在实验过程中屡遭失败,对于许多有天赋的将要成为科学家的人来说可能是难以承受的。

3.Despite our efforts at quality-oriented education, many teachers and parents are stillkeen on marks.尽管我们努力推进素质教育,许多老师和家长还是热衷于分数。

4.Rate of penetration was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by thetool.人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。

5.They build roads, houses, bridges, ships, pipelines, and canals.他们修路、盖房、架桥、造船、铺管道、挖运河。

6.The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is theunit of voltage and that of current.电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特:后者是电压的单位,前者是电流的单位。

7. A new kind of aircraft—small, cheap, pilotless—is attracting increasing attention.一种新型的飞机正越来越引起人们的注意—这种飞机体积不大,价钱便宜,无人驾驶。

英汉翻译复习

英汉翻译复习

英汉翻译复习英汉翻译复习I will build a motor car for the great multitude.我要造一种平民汽车。

It will be large enough for the family but small enough for the individual to run and care for.这种汽车,举家出游不嫌小,个人驾驶不嫌大,维护保养又方便。

It will be constructed of the best materials, by the best men to be hired, after the simplest designs that modern engineering can devise.它将使用最优良的材料,按照现代工程学最简洁的设计,由最优秀的工人建成。

But it will be so low in price that no man making a good salary will be unable to own one -- and enjoy with his family the blessing of hours of pleasure in God's great open spaces.但是这种汽车价格低廉,工薪阶层人人都能买上一辆,都能和家人一起,在上帝那辽阔的大地上纵情驰骋,尽享欢乐。

Illness comes on horseback and goes on foot.病来如骑快马,病去步履蹒跚。

病来如山倒,病去如抽丝。

He is said to be a rough diamond.人们说他是一块浑金璞玉。

Marriage, with peace, is this world’s paradise; with strife, this life’s purgatory.和睦的婚姻,是这个世界的乐园;对抗的婚姻,是这个人生的炼狱。

英语复习资料-汉译英(含英文对照)

英语复习资料-汉译英(含英文对照)

汉译英1.不少病入膏肓者为了求得解脱往往要求医生使用致命药物;也有一些病人家属觉得彻底治愈病人已经无望,因此要求医生不要对病人再进行保命式的治疗.最近,"安乐死”这一问题在欧洲国家已酿成一场激烈的大争论.2.人们对“安乐死”可能被人滥用,或不必要使用的担心不无道理,但只要政府和有关方面措施得力,医院严格控制,这个问题最终或许可以得到解决.3.我们这么冒险尝试,无非是为了与自己或与命运堵一把,并从中实现自我之价值。

其后果不是被闹个灰头土脸,就是历经磨难,终成事业,或是一直得到上帝的眷顾,一帆风顺,而后无比自豪。

4.一旦一个人沉溺于赌,他不仅会挥霍掉多年辛勤工作换来的财产,而且也会失去自尊和良知。

所以奉劝这类人赶紧打住停手,脱离无穷的烦恼。

5.笑扮演的作用与角色比人们想象的复杂,发笑的原因众说纷纭。

6.我们为什么笑?令人信服的解释有待更多的证明。

但全世界人们都相信笑有很多好处。

笑能使人们保持身心健康,笑可以作为人与人之间交流的润滑剂,因为研究表明人们在社交场合中笑的可能性比独处时大,笑能消除人们之间的障碍,建立相互之间的联系。

7. 语言是价值观念体系和文化表达形式的载体,是团体和个人身份的决定性因素。

然而,据估计,世界上6000种语言中,超过50%的语言都处在消亡的边缘。

事实上,平均每两个星期就有一种语言消亡。

造成语言消亡的原因是多方面的,但英语在全球盛行难辞其咎,它的一统天下是令人担忧的。

8.有大量证据表明,美国在许多方面无疑都扮演着全球领头羊的角色。

它在输出其高科技产品和商业产品的同时,也在潜移默化地向世界兜售美国的价值观念。

9.从全球范围来看,环保运动已经开展了数十年,公众的环保意识也已相应地提高了。

但尽管如此,地球母亲的健康仍在以史无前例的速度恶化。

许多人不禁要问人类何时才能扭转局势。

10.在过去的几十年里,由于不遵循基本的生态原则,一些欠发达国家虽取得了快速的经济增长,却牺牲了环境。

汉英翻译考试复习材料

汉英翻译考试复习材料

汉英翻译考试复习材料汉英翻译考试复习材料汉语词语和英语词语之间不存在机械的对应,翻译中不能随意把某个汉语词和某个英语词划上等号。

开展水平 level of development 英语水平 English proficiency 生活水平living standard 游泳水平 swimming skills 领导水平 art of leadership 使你的工作保持在高水平上 Keep your work on a high plane.把我们的素质提高到一个新的水平 to raise our quality to a new height 住房紧张 housing shortage 历史经验 past experience这家工厂只有几年的历史。

This factory was set up only a few years. 他主要抓生产。

He is mainly in charge of production.他抓紧时间进行技术训练。

He lost no time in technical training. 这部电影抓住了许多观众。

The movie appealed to a lot of audience. 抓重点stress the essentials关心人民生活 to care about the living of the people 关心局势开展 to follow the developments closely 共同关心的问题 issues of mutual interest 我们关心中国是否能保持持续开展。

We would like to know whether China will be able to achieve a sustainable development.领导人对两国关系的开展非常关心。

Our leaders have taken interest in the development of our bilateral relations.在这种情况下 under these/such circumstances; such being the case; in accordance with this specific condition这种情况必须改变。

汉英翻译教程期末考试复习要点

汉英翻译教程期末考试复习要点

1. 直译法(1) 英译按原文的字面翻译, 其比喻意义同原文一样生动, 译文使读者能很快联想起英文中的对等成语. 如:竭泽而渔to drain a pond to catch all the fish (相当于kill the goose that lays the goldeneggs)2) 打草惊蛇to stir up the grass and alert the snake (相当于wake a sleeping dog)(相当于as easy as falling off a log)3)易如反掌to be as easy a s turning over one’s hand4) 玩火自焚to get burnt by the fire kindled by oneself (相当于fry in one’s own grease)5)掌上明珠 a pearl in the palm (相当于the apple of one’s eye)6)对牛弹琴to play the lute to a cow (相当于cast pearls before swine)7)守口如瓶to keep one’s mouth closed like a bottle (相当于keep a still tongue in one’s head)8) 雪中送炭to send charcoal in snowy weather (相当于help a lame dog over a stile)9) 画蛇添足to draw a snake and add feet to it (相当于paint the lily)(2) 不少汉语成语不一定有非常对等的英语成语, 但它们的字面翻译也能使译文读者得到正确无误的形象意义. 如:1) 声东击西to shout in the east and strike in the west2) 刻骨铭心to be engraved on one’s heart and bones3)井底之蛙to be like a frog at the bottom of a well4)调虎离山to lure the tiger from the mountain5)口蜜腹剑to be honey-mouthed and dagger-hearted2. 意译法如:手忙脚乱in a frantic rush 立竿见影get instant results它虽难以保全成语的文化特色和具体形象,却能简洁明快的反应出成语的喻义。

英汉互译课后复习资料 L1

英汉互译课后复习资料 L1

1 Definition of Translation (P1)In a broad sense:interlingual translation 语际翻译the process of transferring information from one languageinto another language.(不同种语言之间的转换)intralingual translation 语内翻译the process of transferring information between differentvarieties within a language(同种语言的不同变体之间的转换)varieties指语言的不同变体:比如历史变体(historical variety)、社会变体(social variety)、地域变体(regional variety)等intersemiotic translation 符际翻译the process of transferring information between linguistic symbolsand non-linguistic symbols(语言和非语言符号之间的转换)In a narrow sense: translation just refers to interlingual translation2 History of Translation2.1 History of Translation Research in China (P1-3)in the Xia Dynasty,material and spiritual exchanges based on translation began to emerge and developthe Zhou & Qin Dynasty,borrowed words started to show up, which demonstrated the further development of activities involving translation.the Eastern Han Dynasty,translation began to serve as an independent course or profession2.1.1 The First Climax (the Eastern Han Dynasty – the Northern Song orEarlier Song Dynasty ): Translation of the Buddhist Scriptures2.2.2 The Second Climax(the late Ming Dynasty – the Opium War):Translation of Bible, Science & Technology, Philosophy, Literature, etc.2.2.3 The Third Climax (the May 4th Movement – the foundation of thePeople’s Republic of China): Translation of Western Politics, Economy, trends of thought, Culture, etc.the translation of democracy, science, human rights, patriotism, Marxism, etc2.2.4 The Fourth Climax (the foundation of the People’s Republic ofChina – the present): Translation of Overall Development and Rapid Progress2.2 History of Translation Research in the West (P3-6)2.2.1 Translation in the Ancient TimesThe First Climax (In the middle of the 3rd Century BC)The Second Climax (the 4th Century, AD - the 6th Century, AD)2.2.2 Translation in the Medieval TimesThe Third Climax (the 11th Century, AD - the 12th Century, AD)2.2.3 Translation in the RenaissanceThe Fourth Climax (the 14th Century, AD - the 16th Century, AD)The Fifth Climax(the late 17th Century, AD - the early 20th Century, AD)2.2.3 Translation in the Modern TimesThe Sixth Climax (the Second World War – the present):3 Criteria of Translation3.1 Criteria of Translation in China (6-7)3.1.1 Controversy between “Form” and “Content”3.1.2 Focus on Accuracy as well as Easiness3.1.3 Faithfulness, fluency and Elegance3.1.4 Pursuit of Easiness and Consistency in Style3.2 Criteria of Translation in the West (7-9)3.2.1 Brief Introduction of the Western TheoriesP7: Marcus Tullius Cicero (马库斯·图留斯·西塞罗) (106 BC –43BC), a famous politician, speechmaker (演说家), rhetorician(雄辩家), legist (雄辩家) and philosopher (哲学家) during theperiod of ancient Rome, proposed the theory of “LiteralTranslation (直译) VS Free Translation (意译)”.P8: Irish scholar Alexander F. Tytler (泰特勒) proposed threeelements in Essay on the Principles of Translation:The translation should be a complete transcript of the ideas ofthe original work. (译文应与原文的思想完全相符)The style and manner of writing should be of the samecharacter with that of the original. (译文应与原文的风格及体裁相同)The translation should have all the ease of originalcomposition. (译文应与原作完全一样通顺自然)P8: Eugene Nida (尤金·奈达), a major founder of the moderntranslation theories as well as an excellent representative oftranslation practice, proposed “functional equivalence” (功能对等) based on “dynamic equivalence” (灵活对等) .One way of defining a D-E translation is to describe it as “the closest natural equivalent to the source-language message. This type of definition contains three essential terms 1) equivalent, which points toward the source-language, 2) natural, which points toward the receptor language, and 3) closest, which binds the two orientations together on the basis of the highest degree of approximation.”He animadverted on the traditional translation criteria focusing on the objective passage, and boldly raised a criterion that emphasizes on readers’ mental reaction ---- if the translated version can lead to the same mental reaction among its readers as that of the original readers’, then such translation is a success.3.2.2 Main Themes of the Western Translation (P9)Theme One: Translation based on Literature and ArtTheme Two: Translation based on Linguistic Theories(Structural Linguistics 结构语言学)3.3 Translation Criteria for English Teaching (P9-10)AccuracyFluencyStyle Consistency4 Approaches of Translation (P10)Literal Translation VS Free TranslationForm VS ContentFunctional Equivalence VS Formal CorrespondenceSource Language Oriented VS Target Language OrientedAuthor Centered VS Reader CenteredThe Purpose of the Writer VS The Purpose of the TranslatorExercise 1 (P30)1. There are many different understandings about translation. In abroad sense, translation includes , and .2. refers to the process of transferring information fromone language into another language.3. refers to the process of transferring informationbetween different varieties within a language.4. refers to the process of transferring informationbetween linguistic symbols and non-linguistic symbols.5. In a narrow sense, translation just refers to .6. In terms of translation, the western society has undergone thefollowing four stages: , , and .1. interlingual translation, intralingual translation, intersemiotic translation2. interlingual translation3. intralingual translation4. intersemiotic translation5. interlingual translation6. the Ancient Times, the Medieval Times, the Renaissance, the ModernTimesExercise 2 (P30-31)According to some historical literature, material and spiritualexchanges based on translation began to emerge and develop in. During , borrowed words started to show up, whichdemonstrated the further development of activities involvingtranslation. It is universally acknowledged that translation didn’tserve as an independent course or profession until .A) the Xia Dynasty B) the Shang DynastyC) the Zhou & Qin Dynasty D) the Eastern Han DynastyACDGenerally speaking, there are four climaxes in the Chinese historyof translation. The first climax refers to from theEastern Han Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty. The secondclimax refers to from the late Ming Dynasty to theFirst and Second Opium Wars. The third climax refers tofrom the May 4th Movement to the foundation of People’sRepublic of China. The fourth climax refers to fromthe establishment of China till now.A) the translation of democracy, science, human rights, patriotism,Marxism, etc.B) the translation of the Buddhist ScripturesC) the overall development and thriving advance of translationD) the translation of Bible, science and technology, philosophy,literature, etc.B, D, A, CTranslation criterion is the focus of all translation theories. Thetranslation criterion of , proposed by Yan Fu (严复), thegreatest translator in the modern history of China, has captured aunique and significant position in both theory studies andpractices. This translation criterion can be translated into“fidelity”, “expressiveness” and “elegance” in English.A) 忠、通、雅 B) 信、达、美C) 信、达、雅 D) 忠、顺、美C。

新英汉翻译教程复习大纲

新英汉翻译教程复习大纲

英汉翻译复习材料第二章翻译的过程1.翻译下列句子,注意斜体部分的表达并说明翻译的特点1) We refused to take the advice and failed.【译文】我们没有听劝告,结果失败了。

2) They are all of an age.【译文】他们的岁数都相同。

3) I was shanghaied in Shanghai.【译文】我在上海受骗了。

4) Don’t ride the high horse.【译文】不要趾高气扬。

5) The teacher is popular with his students.(主动形式,被动意义)【译文】这位老师很受学生的欢迎。

6) He had a fast life, drinking and gambling.【译文】他过着放荡的生活,又酗酒又赌博。

7) Man has to fight his way through life on earth!【译文】人生在世,要奋斗不息。

8) He would be quite a likeable fellow if only he wouldn’t act the goat so much.【译文】只要他不恶作剧,就是个讨人喜欢的小伙子。

9) John can be relied on, he eats no fish and plays the game.译文】约翰为人可靠,诚实又正直。

10) Nehru had evidently come to think of their country as the equal of China, or even her superior. 【译文】尼赫鲁显然认为他们的国家应该同中国平起平坐,甚至要高出中国一头。

11) It will soon rain itself out and then we can have our walk.【译文】雨快停了,我们就能去散步。

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In the past , many people were worried that the internet isolated us and caused us to spend too much time in the imaginary world of the computer. 2007 过去,许多人担心,因特网把我们和他 人隔绝开来,使我们把太多的时间花在 电脑的虚拟世界里。
1. 前置

把较短的定语从句译成带“的 ”的前置定语。例如:


If inflation gets any worse, people who have worked all their lives will end up with nothing. 2003 如果通货膨胀持续恶化,工作了一 辈子的人们到头来将会一无所有。
英汉翻译考试中常见考点
定语从句的翻译
定语从句结构

主句……+ 先行词 + (介词) + 关系代词 + 从句……。 主句……+ 先行词 +关系副 词+ 从句……。

关系代词
作主语
指人 Who
作宾语
所有格
That*
指物 which That*
Whom/who whose (可省略) That* (可省略) Which Whose/of which (可省略) That* (可省略)
2.后置

把结构复杂且较长的定语从 句后置,译成并列分句。同 时可以根据需要重复或者省 略先行词。例如:
Here are a lot of women secretaries who will do the job as well as men.2006 有许多女秘书能够像男人一 样做好这项工作。(省略先 行词)
具有否定含义的形容词短语:






alien to(不同), absent from(不在) blind to(看不见) different from(不同) dead to(对…没有反应), deficient(缺乏), devoid of(不具有,缺乏), far from(远不,一点也不) foreign to(不适合,与…无关),



但有时候,也可以在译文中将that引 导的宾语从句提前到句子最前面翻 译。 I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting. 我被选参加会议,感到光荣。(it没 有翻译)


表语从句:英语中的表语从句放在连系 动词后面,充当表语成分,一般可以按 照英语原文顺序直接翻译。 同位语从句: 同位语从句主要是用来对 名词作进一步的解释,说明名词的具体 内容。一般来说,同位语从句可以直接 翻译在主句后面。
名词性从句的翻译:


英语的名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语 从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。 翻译的时候,大多数可以按照原文的句 子顺序翻译成相应的汉语译文。但是, 有时候,可以采用其他翻译方法来灵活 处理。

主语从句的翻译


What many people don’t realize, however, is that scientists have discovered the effectiveness of several non-drug approaches to make you free from an unwanted mood. 2008 但是,许多人并没有意识到的是科学家 们已经发现一些非药物的方法对于摆脱 不良情绪非常有效。
具有否定意义的介词或者介词短 语


above(不低于) against(不同意) at a loss(不知所措) below(不到…), but(除…之外) beyond(超出) but for(要不是) from(阻止,使…不做某事)






instead of(而不是), in vain(无效,没有), in the dark(一点也不知道) in the dark about(对…不知), out of(不在…里面,不在…状态), out of the question(不可能) past(超过)without(没有) under(在…之下,不足) within(不超出)


One should not plant a garden that is too large for him to care for. 2006 菜园不应该种的太大,使人 无法照料。


Another character among the list of ill-mannered employees is Sally, who seems to regard just being at work as a severe punishment. 2008

The book is anything but a success.
other than;rather than 结构

而不是;


Job seekers must learn how to use the Internet as a tool,rather than just relying on it as a means for submitting electronic resumes. 2006 求职者得学会如何把因特网作为工 具使用,而不是仅仅靠它来提交电 子简历。

more than 还有“超过,不仅,不止于 此,不止是”之意。此时,more than 不表示具体比较的意思;than 后可接名 词、动词、或其它词及短语,在句中作 定语或状语。如:

He is more than a teacher. He is also a musican.

anything but…结构:anything but…结构 表示否定意义,常常翻译为“绝对不, 根本不,一点也不”。

因此,在一些发达国家中当鲜黄色 的消防车和救护车疾驰而过时,所 有车辆就会完全停止。(结果)


There never seemed to be enough time to go to church, which disturbed some friends and relatives. 2007 似乎总没有足够时间去作礼拜,这 使得一些朋友亲戚感到不安。


With population growth in an evershortening cycle, it is rather doubtful whether the earth can provide enough food for mankind. 2002 随着人口增长的周期日益缩短,地 球是否能够为人类提供足够的食物 变得疑问重重。



首先用代词it代表That he enjoyed the food very much 得到:it appeared to me 然后将That he enjoyed the food very much放在句末 得到:It appeared to me that that he enjoyed the food very much.
用it 作形式宾语的句子



在翻译的时候,that所引导的宾语从句一 般可按英语原文顺序翻译;it有时候可以 不用翻译。 I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o’clock in the morning. 我向他们讲清楚了的,他们必须在上午 十时前交卷。(it没有翻译)
否定结构的翻译
形式肯定但意义否定:

英语中有些句子虽然以肯定形式出现, 但表达的却是否定的意义。翻译时要按 其隐含的否定意义译成汉语中的否定句 。
more than... (can)…的结构


more than can…这个结构本身是英语的 肯定结构,因为英语中没有任何否定词 出现。但是这个结构具有肯定意义,所 以需要翻译为汉语的否定句。more than can…在意义上相当于英语的can not…, 可以翻译为“简直不,无法,难以”; I love you more than i can say!Leabharlann 用it作形式主语的主语从句

可以把主语从句放到汉语句子最前 面去翻译。
链接:形式主语



that引导的主语从句如果较长,常用代词 it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于 句尾,以保持句式的平衡。 That he enjoyed the food very much appeared to me. (主语太长,头重脚轻) It appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.

So fire engines and ambulances in some advanced countries are now rushing around in bright yellow colors that stop traffic dead. 2005


Rush: v. 跑(匆忙地) Rush hours;


Ill: adj. 生病的;(表语) I am ill; an ill boy; (X) 邪恶的;(定语) Ill-:否定;

表现差的员工的另一种典型是像塞莉一 样的员工,她将上班看作对她的一种严 厉惩罚。(重复先行词)
3. 融合
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