《英语论文写作教程》第二章练习答案
英语论文写作课后答案
英语论文写作课后答案英语论文写作课后答案文件编码（008-TTIG-UTITD-GKBTT-PUUTI-WYTUI-8256）修辞1、Her rich relatives rained birthday presents on her only son.2、Wrong ideas may hurm a man just like deseaes.3、Some words may be defaced by careless usage.4、The leaves are trembling in the cold wind.5、The storm was so angry that it wanted to destroy everything in itsway.6、Many people bowed before Force,but eventually Force wouldsurrender to Reason.7、Selfless people are like cows, which eat straw but produce milk.8、“What do you think of the roast duck” “Not bad.”9、His friends praised his daughter’s performances to the skies.10、His writing is clear and clean.11、His unfriendly tongue surprised her.12、There is fertile soil for popular music in China today.答案：隐喻，明喻隐喻隐喻隐喻拟人明喻缩小夸大头韵换喻隐喻Simile metaphor synecdoche metonymy personification overstatement understatement改错1、Our host entertained us with many interesting stories of adventure,he had been a member of an exploration team working inthe Arctic.Our host,who had been a member of an exploration team working in Arctic,entertained us with many interesting stories of adventure.2、When I woke up I saw him asleep in bed,I had not heard him when hecame I had been sleeping soundly.When I woke up, I saw him asleep in bed,I had not heard him when he came back,because I had been sleeping soundly.3、Liu always did his work a little better than his fellow workers,that was why he got higher pay than other.Liu always did his work a little better than his fellow workers ,and that was why he got higher pay than other.4、No student could answer the question ,even Yao, who was usuallyquick in answering questions ,was silent.No student could answer that question. Even yao,who was usually quick in answering questions,was silent.5、Lin looks like Li,however,they are not related.Lin looks like li;however,they are not related.6、The old man hunched forward. His head tilted at an eyes halfclosed, looking very sleepy.The old man hunched forward,his head tilted at an angle,his eyes half closed,looking very sleepy.7、Their work was well planned ,everybody worked with greatenthusiasm,thus, they overfulfilled their quota.Their work was well planned,and everybody worked withgreat enthusiasm. As a result,they over fulfilled their quota.8、Mark Twain, a well-known American writer,whose experience as apilot on a steamboat was no doubt an important factor that helpedhim to become a famous writer.The experience as a pilot on a steamboat was no doubt an important factor that helped to make Mark Twain,the American writer,to become so famous.改进1.She began to speak very fast at the meeting at ten o’clock.The meeting started at ten o’clock,and she began to speak,she spokevery fast.2.Bernard Shaw was one of the best-known playwrights.Bernard Shaw was one of the best-known English playwrights of the 20th century.3.The houses were mere shanties,and rags were stuffed in the cracksand holes.The houses were shanties,with rags stuffed in the cracks and boles.4.I read the novel on the train,which did not interest me at all.On the train I read the novel,which did not interest me at all.5. A well-dressed man admitted us to the house,and we later learnedthat he was a thief.We later learned that the well-dressed man who admitted us to the housewas a thief.6.I lost some important documents and found them three days policehad helped me.The police helped me to find some important documents which I had lost three days before.7.We entered the shop, and a saleswoman greeted us,and all kinds ofshoes were on the shelves ,and the prices were quite reasonable ,and a lot of customers were buying them.A saleswoman greeted us when we entered the shop. We saw all kinds of shoes on the shelves,and the prices were quite reasonable. A lot of customerswere buying them.8.Tell helen, if she is at home ,I wil come to see her.Tell Helen,if she is at home,that I will come to see her.9.Listening attentively ,a faulty sound was heard.Listening attentively,he/she/I heard a faulty sound.10.On entering the room,no one was seen.L entered the room and saw no one.11.Fred is energetic,capable ,and a man you can rely on.Fred is energetic and capable. You can rely on him.12.The children promised to be careful and that they would returnhome early.The children promised to be careful and return home early.13.Dickens’s novels offer no solution to the social injustices heexposes in them.Dickens’novels offer no solution to the social injunstices exposed to them.14.My watch is either fast or yours is slow.Either my watch is fast,or your watch is slow.15.Glancing out of the window,a beautiful view attracted my attention.A beautiful view out of the window attracted my attention.16.He nearly finished reading ten books during the vacation.He finished reading almost ten books during the vacation.17.If interested in painting, a course can be taken at the eveningschool.If you are interested in paiting,you can take a course at the evening school.18.She said that she would come if she could,but not to wait for her. She said that she would come if she could,but we needn’t wait for her.19.To tell my friend the good news the letter was posted at once.To tell my friends the good news,I posted the letter at once.20.I will go to the lecture,for I like his poems.I will go to the lecture,because I like the speaker’poems.改写句子1、Xu comes from a working-class family. He enrolled in college lastfall.2、The dean issued a bulletin. It said the library would remain openon weekends.3、Last night was a wild thunder roared. The wind blew a rain fellin torrents.4、There are icicles on the trees. The temperature must have fallenconsiderably during the night.5、He returned to his hometown. He had been away for twelve years. Helooked in vain for the familiar landmarks.6、We have made some progress. We still have a long way to go.7、The sky was cloudless. The sun was shining brightly.8、There were over two hundred passengers on board the plane. Aboutone third of them were foreigners.9、The girl began to learn to play the piano when she was a child.Her mother was a fomous pianist.10、Napoleon was born in 1769. At that time Corsica had just beenacquired by France.11、She appeared on the stage. A stormy applause broke forth.12、The gypsies are really a nomadic people from India. They migratedinto Europe. Once they were thought to be Egyptians.13、The new workers are young and inexperienced. They are eager tolearn from the veteran workers.14、It was a poor quarter. There were a lot of small huts. They hadmud walls and straw roofs. They dotted a hillside.15、He heard that his father was ill. He was anxious to gohome to seehim. He went to the station early in the morning to buy a ticket.1.Xu ,who comes from a working-class family,enrolled in college lastfall.2.The dean issued a bulletin,saying/which said the library wouldremain open on weekends./doc/1310307250.html,st night was a wild night,with the thunder roaring , the windblowing a gale and the rain falling in torrents.4.The temperature must have fallen considerably during the night,forthere are icicles on the trees.5.Twelve years later he returned to his hometown,and looked in vainfor the familiar landmarks.6.Although we have made some progress,we still have a long way to go.7.The sky was cloudless and the sun was shining brightly.8.On board the plane there were over two hundred passengers,about onethird of whom were foreigners.9.The girl,whose mother was a fomous pianist,began to learn to playthe piano when she was a child.10.In 1769,when Napoleon was born in Cousica,the island had justbeen acquired by France.11. A stormy applause broke forth the moment ,she appeared on thestage.12.Once thought to be Egytians,the gypsies are really a nomadicpeople from India,who migrated into Europe.13.Young and inexperienced,the new workers are eagere to learn fromthe veteran workers.14.There was a poor quarter on the hillside with a lot of small hutswithmud walls and staw roofs.15.On hearing that his father was illl,be was anxious to go home tosee him,so he went to the station early in the morning to buya ticket.1.The oplum war broke out in 1840.2.Their library has more books than ours.3.He returned home after graduating from college.4.We planned to meet before sunrise in the morning.5.The flood was due to the heavy rain in late spring.6.He was asked to repeat the sentence.7.I play badminton as well as my brother.8.To his friends his attitude was a puzzle.9.These watermelons are large and sweet.10.He did not tell the truth.11. A number of students want to join the drama club.12.He was kind enough to let me share his umbrella.13.The whole class elected zhao their representative.14.I am taking two courses: world history and geography.15.The plane cireled the airport for about ten minutes and thendisappeared.16.I mean that he has not done his work well enough.17.I would like you to consider whether you would like to publishyour recent article on women scientists in china in our journal.18.As he had missed many lectures,he knew that he might fail theexam,19.You must work out an outline for your paper,and then you need tocollect all kinds of material to support your point of view.20.In that country,violent deaths occur every day.21.He is not only a good pianist,but also a good singer.22.This pretty actress keeps appearing in TV serials.23.Students are not allowed to take books out of this reading room.24.According to the speaker,the respongsibility system has helped toincrease production.25.One reason why people are well informed in this city is thatthere are many newspapers easily bought or subscribed to.26.Statistics show that from 1980 to 1990 enrollments at this schooldoubled.27.There are so many workers without training in a particular jobthat production of the factory has been affected.28.There are about 50 patients in this ward,and many are being givenacupuncture treatment.29.He is called james williams.30.Whatever he does,he works seriously and does his best.1.Huang ,the tallest man of the team,is over two meters tall.2.After going bankrupt,social position,reputation and friends,evenlife itself,were no longer interesting to him.3.Unexpectedly,he decided to take the job .4.Under no circumstances will china be the first to use nuclearweapons.5.Of the twenty students in the class,yang alone can do the work.6.As a result of reform and opening-up policy during the past 30years,china has changed a great deal.7.According to newspaper reports,she was the first chinese woman whohad won a gold medal for figure skating in an international contest.8.While serving as a cabin boy on the ship,robert made an attempt todo all the things that the sailor members of the crew usually did.9.Among his neighbors was the famous writer,.10.The patient help of the teachers enabled the students to makegood progress.11.She often helps to improve her comrades’pronunciation.12.Although there are few mistakes in the language,the compositionis not very good,because the content is not interesting.got up a little later than usual on Sunday morning. After washing and a quick breakfast. I started going to town to buy the dictionary recommended by the teacher. At the school gate I saw li ping and ask him if he was going to town too. He said he was ,so we decided to gotogether. All the buses were crowded, and we had to wait for a longtime at the bus stop before we could get on one. An hour later,we got off at a busy street where there were three book stores. We went to the first one and didn’t find the dictionary. In the second one we weretold the dictionary had been sold out. It was in the third that wefinally bought the dictionary. After that li ping and I went to other stores where we bought various things. We returned to school just in time for lunch.2. ludwig van beethovenm,the major composer of th 19th century, overcame many personal miseries to achieve artistic greatness. He was born in bonn,Gemany in 1770,and first shudied music with a court organist. His father,who was given to heavy drinking,was excessively strict. Afterhis mother died,when he was appointed deputy court organist at a surprisingly early age, and he played the harpsichord and the viola at the same time . in the 1792 he went to vicnna to study music under haydn. While remaining unmarried all his life,he was frequentlytroubled by financial worries. He was continually plagued by ill health. The worst happened in 1818 when an ear intechon led to his deamess. However,his writing of music continued in spite of his handicap. Goethe said that beetboven had an”untamed personality”. This may have been true,but his music shows great discinline and control.。
大学英语学术写作参考答案人大版
Exercise 2
Introduction 1
民
人 S5—S3—S1—S6—S8—S2—S7—S9—S4
人 4. It’s not good to ask the question which yields a “yes” or “no” answer. A good question may be “To what extent do adolescents believe that their peers have favorable views of cosplay?”. 5. Of the four questions, the second is obviously more general. One way to solve this problem is
大 school, and how are these commonalities used to aid the school doctors to prevent sports
injuries?”. 3. The topic is so broad in nature, that even a book would not be sufficient to answer the question.
中Research questions: 1) In what ways have the parents influenced their children’s puppy love? 2) How did the parents respond to their children’s puppy love? 3) How was the parent-child relationship affected by puppy love?
写作教程二_课后练习题答案
P2 . PART1Advantages : It is very convenient . You can make a call whenever and wherever you want to.It is especially helpful in an emergency .It saves time .You don't have to search for or await the turn for the public phone.You can always be reached when you are needed by others.In an information age ,it can help you to get the information you want in the quickest way.It may help you to grasp any chance to succeed.You can play games and surf the net through the phone........Disadvantages : It is quite expensiveIts radiation is harmful to healthAnswering calls in public places such as on a bus is embarrassingMaking or answering calls while driving is dangerousYou can always be reached by your parents or your bossIt may ring at the moment when you least want it toYou may receive calls from strangers or advertising companies and have to pay for them ..........P3. PART2have become increasingly violentis more and more important for young peopleis the kindest neighbour I have ever knownhas a profound effect on our healthP4. 2.too specificBritish English is different from American English in spelling3.This is not a sentence, but a fragmentDifferent countries have different customs4.too general,too emotionalThe local food is tasteless and greasyP7. Approach 1: For one thing, they should balance science and non-science courses so that they do not have too many time-consuming labs.Approach 2:They should also try to get a mixture between subjects they find fairly easy and those that are difficult for them.Example 1: For instance,the student who dose well in history but expects to have a terrible time with calculus might plan on taking both in the same semester to balance the work load.Example 2: The student who dose not plan carefully and takes five tough courses the first term may wind up on scholastic probation.P11. 4 . Paragraph 1:All invention are either basic inventions or improvement on earlier inventions.Paragraph 2:There was a serious accident in the chemistry lab yesterday.Paragraph 3: Nutritional deficiency is a major problem of the elderly.5. Paragraph 1 : Topic sentence: 第一句无关句：Many people .....to each other. 和And nowadays,....more convenience.Paragraph 2: T S : 第一句无关句：I didn't st night 和I heard that .... own children.排序：574169832（1）First of all . (2) secondly (3)By and by (4) In addition (5)In shortP18 Paragraph B : Jack should not have taken the gymnastics course.he fell off the uneven bars and got a concussion.he sprained his ankle,after a bad landing off the balance beam.he broken the support beam in the basement of his parent's home,showing them his skills.he broke his thumb when he caught it on the bar the pommel horse.he fails the final exam in his gymnastics course.he failed to graduate due to the lack of two hours of physical education creditP19 T S: Some historians mark the course of the American Revolutionary War in three major periods.1. During the first phase of the conflict ,New English was the battleground,1)The Minutemen and the Redcoats fired the opening shots of the war at Lexington at dawn of April 19,17752) Shortly afterwards ,the New England colonists laid siege to Boston .the location of the British headquarters.2.In the second phase of the war ,which began after the signing of the Declaration ,both the British and the American made important military gains.1)The British soldiers captured New York in the fall of 1776,and a year later they occupied Philadelphia.2)Meanwhile the Americans were able to seize New Jersey and Saratoga.3.The fighting moved to the west and south during the last phase.1) In 1778 and 1779 several battles occurred in Kentucky and Tennessee.2)Then two years later ,the final battle of the war was fought at Yorktown ,Virginia.P22 . 4: 排序：4 10 5 12 3 7 15 9 14 2 11 8 13 6 1T S：My family spent two fun-filled days at Disney World last year.P23. 5.(1)Then (2) morning (3)afternoon (4)Then (5)After that (6)when (7)already (8)afterP33. 3. 排序：3614752 Relationship : Primarily, the organization of the paragraph represents movement in geographical space.P34 5. (1)into (2) crosses (3) In the center of (4) Outside (5)inside (6) On the front (7)over (8)down (9)lined with (10) At the rearP46 4. (1)with (2)while (3)slowly (4)Gradually (5)with (6)By this time (7)Suddenly (8)final (9) ending (10) applause5. Prepare and lay out food;make the special lanternsKeep dancing and singing overnightThrow the food and lanterns into a river or seaWatch the lanterns drifting wayP52 . T S : Working as a cook at the Venture Inn is the best job i have ever had.Reasons: 1. I have a steady fort-hour workweek ,along with a chance for overtime if i want it.2.I can eat whatever i like ,and i get a chance to take steak and sometimes lobster home to my wife.3.I don't have any big hassle with my boss;if i have to report late or skipa day now and then,all she asks is that i call her in advance4. They pay is very good ,averaging close to $200 the weeks that i work overtime5. The job is seasonal.P57. 3. T S : Working in an apple plant was the worst job i ever had.Examples :1: First of all,the work was physically hardSpecific details:1)For ten hours a night ,i took cartons that rolled down a metal track and stacked them onto wooden skids in a tractor trailer.2)Each carton contained twelve 32-ounce cans or bottles of apple juice,and they were heavy2: The second bad feature of the job was the paySpecific details:I was getting the minimum wage at that time ,$1.25an hour,plus a minimum of a nickel extra for working the night shift.3: The worst feature of the apple plant job was the working conditions.Specific details:1) During work we were limited to two 10-minute breaks and an unpaid half-hour for lunch2)The steel floors of the trucks were like ice ;the quickly penetrating cold made my feet feel like stone.Concluding S : I felt humiliated by the poverty that forced me to do such a bitter job.P58 4. 排序：36182475Pattern : It follows Pattern 1 and uses many examples to illustrate the controlling idea.5. (1) For example (2)Furthermore (3)In still another instance (4)Even (5)his(6)these (7)contemporaryP59 7. 1) I've never seen a girl as lazy as Arena2) English teachers are applying different means to teach the English language3)Americans have been decreasing their working hours since early 1900s4)My father has been a generous man to his childrenP70 5. 排序：213546explain a Spanish word which has no exact English equivalentcourageous behaviour earthy sexualityP76 Cause: 1. Over a million cars are abandoned on the streets3.Both city governments or governmental agencies have financial headachesEffect: lack of parking in citiesP78 Cause: the terrorist strikesEffects: 1. The Americans feel very anxious and panicky3. The public would wind up ignoring the one warning that really matters.P82 2) Cause : (1) got drunk at the party(2)had taken the drug of Accutane(3)adolescent depressionEffect : Bart Jr.'s suicide4. 排序：241365 Pattern of cause and effect: single effect and multiple causesP88 sample 1 subject: the time most students spend studying for a test Topic sentence: The time most students spend studying for a test can be divided into three distinct phases.Division；1）Phase One runs from the day the test is announced to approximately forty-eight hours before the exam is passed out.2)Phase two is entered two days prior to the test.3)Phase three ,the final phase ,is entered twelve hours before “Zero Hour.”Sample 2 : subject: students in our schoolTopic sentence: students in our school fall into three groups according to their different intentions of taking part in sports.Division :1) students who go to the playground when they feel tired after study.2) real sports lovers who even put aside their studies for a game.P93 3. 1) T S: University students' entertainment can be divided into three categories according to where it takes placeDivision: a) entertainment at homeb) entertainment on campusc) entertainment elsewhere2)T S: The average young married woman in today's society has her life divided into three different roles.Division: a)the role of wifeb)the role of motherc)the role of self3) T S : Neighbours fall into three categories according to their different attitudes towards youDivision:a)those who are friendlyb)those who are indifferentc)those who hate youP94 5: 排序：7 3 10 9 1 5 8 4 2 11 6Subject: Christmas giftsT S : Christmas gifts can be divided into three groups ,according to their after-Christmas fateDivision: a)those that are welcomed and put into use very soonb)those that are halfway between being hated and lovedc)those that you banish as soon as possibleConcluding S : By New Year's Day, you have either used ,stored or disposed of each of your Christmas gifts6. (1)types (2)Though (3) Finally (4)however(5)Even though (6)Before(7)third (8)If(9)Then (10)theseP106 4.排序：53624871Pattern of comparison and contrast: subject by subjectP107 5. (1)similar (2)although (3)difference (4)identical (5)again (6)while (7)But (8)difference (9)consistency (10)completelyP114 paragraph B: First statement :The invention of movable type made the mass media possible.Supporting details: Large numbers of people could have access to learning. Second statement :Television brought a second revolution by means of the media . Supporting details: Television made experiences available to massive numbers of people.Millions could watch a president being sworn in or buried ,a spaceship launched .An Olympic race run ,comedies or talk shows at the same time .Third statement :You ,through the medium of television ,will be a member of a “global villages”.Supporting details ；In the future , this revolution in both information and experiences will spread to the far reaches of the world and even to outer space. Ultimately, you will be able to see and talk instantly to anyone else in the world.General statement : Technology will take a leading role in the media future as it always has in the past.P118 3. The enormous importance of television news had started the process of change in the printed pressP119 5 .A : Programs on TV tend to have a high level of maturity(1) fostering maturity at early age or hindering maturity(2)misleading children to imitating scenes on TVB: TV serials or dramas may oversimplify complex social and psychological problems.(1)enjoying simple-minded soap operas and stereotyped characters(2)giving a false picture of realityC:Informative and cultural programs are frequently interrupted by vulgar advertising.(1)too many commercials(2)an insult even to the intelligence of a moronP120 6.(1)Thus (2)When (3)also (4)however (5)Moreover (6)indeed (7)also(8)Yet (9) and (10)ThusP139 sample 2Sample 1 Sample 2Topic sentence: Stanford University is one of the famous institutions of higher learning in northern California. Introductory paragraph : (the first para) the main idea of the composition :Its reputation is based on its intelligent students ,distinguished faculty and growth opportunities offered to students.Supporting detail 1 :Its highly intelligent student population Body para 1 (the second para)topic sentence :The university’s standards for admission remain high .Supporting sentences: students enroll from all over the United States ,and many foreign students study there as well. Young men and women are selected to enter the university from the upper fifteen percent of their high school classes.Supporting detail 2 : Distinguished teaching staff Body para 2 （the third para ）Topic sentence :Stanford has attracted to its faculty some of the world’s most respected scholars.Supporting sentences ；The university staff has included several Nobel Prize winners in physics ,medicine and chemistry .Stanford’s undergraduate school of engineering and its graduate schools of business ,law ,and medicine are especially well regarded.Supporting detail 3 : its campus life Body para 3 (the fourth para )topicsentence : Culturally, the universitycampus is a magnet for students .Supporting sentences ；Plays ,concerts ,and operas are performedin the university’s several auditoriumsand in outdoor Frost Amphitheater. Guestlectures from public and academic lifefrequently appear on campus,. In theevening, many students gather tosocialize in the Student Union ‘s coffeehouse .For the sports –minded ,theStanford campus offers highly developedathletic facilities. Teamsports ,swimming ,and track and fieldactivity are all very much part of theStanford picture.Concluding sentence: It is considered comparable in quality to other longer established universities. Concluding para (the last para ) conclusion: Stanford is now generally considered comparable in quality to such other longer established ,major American universities as Harvard ,Yale, Princeton, and Columbia.P145 3. Gambling is the root cause of many social problemsThe future of education lies in the innovation of educational technologyViolence on television has a negative impact on children's view of societyWomen should be given equal opportunities in education and career developmentEfforts should be made to preserve natural beauty in developing local tourismP147 6. (1)usually (2)often (3)Since (4)on the other hand (5)also (6)but (7)AlthoughP158 5.排序：8 3 7 1 5 9 13 2 6 12 4 11 106: 1.While 2.in the morning 3. in the evening 4.While 5.until 6.while 7.before 8.at six o'clock 9.As soon as 10.Unfortunately 11.What's more 12.After 13.the next morning 14.next 15. Luckily 16.until 17.at lastP172 5.排序：32718564P173 6: (1)cozy (2)soft (3)On one side of the room (4)Next to (5)muted (6)On the other side of (7)nap (8)orange(9)lighted (10)sizzlingP183 3. T S: If blind people can sense color differences ,then perhaps we, too,are affected by colors unconsciouslyParagraph 1 : (Introduction/thesis statement)Paragraph 2: (Supporting paragraph) Topic:discoveries of manufacturers Examples: sugar,foods and cosmeticsParagraph 3:(Supporting paragraph) Topic: discoveries of experiments Examples: red,blue,yellowParagraph 4: (Conclusion:result of the discoveries)P184 5 . (1)confirmed (2)findings (3)than (4)whereas (5)as (6)if (7)together (8)lead to (9)where (10)adultsP185 6.Purpose:to inform drivers that they should keep the four-second rule instead of the two second rule on highways in order to avoid collision or pileups Topic 1.1) speeds over 55miles per hour 3) keep two seconds ahead when drivingTopic 2. On highways drivers should use the four-second rule ,not the two second rule 1) The distance needed to stop a car shouldTopic 3.1)over the last half of the stopping distance 2)Some practical examples are given 3)For greater details the reader may refer to the attached table to determine the right time allowed to avoid accidentsP199 4.(1)However (2)open (3)too (4)because (5)as a result (6)Secondly (7)unless (8)even(9)prolong (10)delays (11)benefitsMain proposition: I am not completely satisfied with the family doctor systemMinor propositions: 1. Doctors' office hours are inconvenient2.There are delays in seeing a doctorSolution: 1.to prolong doctors' surgery hours2.for doctors to share patients。
英语写作教程2复旦大学版课后答案
英语写作教程2复旦大学版课后答案1、In order to find the missing child, villagers _______ all they can over the past five hours. [单选题] *A. didB. doC. had doneD. have been doing(正确答案)2、John and Jack had looked for the key, but _____ of them found it. [单选题] *A. noneB. neither(正确答案)C. bothD. either3、The storybook is very ______. I’m very ______ in reading it. （）[单选题] *A. interesting; interested(正确答案)B. interested; interestingC. interested; interestedD. interesting; interesting4、Don’t forget _______ those books when you are free. [单选题] *A. to read(正确答案)B. readingC. readD. to reading5、You might not like the way Sam behaves, but please be kind to him. _____, he is your grandfather. [单选题] *A. After all(正确答案)B. Above allC. In allD. At all6、The firm attributed the accident to（）fog, and no casualties have been reported until now. [单选题] *A. minimumB. scarceC. dense(正确答案)D. seldom7、If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was _____ choice. [单选题] *A. goodB. the bestC. betterD. the better(正确答案)8、—Excuse me, how long does it ______ to walk to the library? —About 15 minutes, I’m afraid.（）[单选题] *A. take(正确答案)B. spendC. costD. pay9、64．Would you like to drink ________？[单选题] *A．something else(正确答案)B．anything elseC．else somethingD．else anything10、I repeated my question several times. [单选题] *A. 到达B. 惊奇C. 重复(正确答案)D. 返回11、( ). I’m _____ in that ______ film [单选题] *A. interesting interestedB. interested interesting(正确答案)C. interested interestedD. interesting interesting12、Stephanie _______ going shopping to staying at home. [单选题] *A. prefers(正确答案)B. likesC. preferD. instead13、19．_______ will the film Country Road last? [单选题] * A．How farB．How oftenC．How soonD．How long(正确答案)14、95．-Dad, can we walk? ? ? ? ? ? ?the road now?-No,we? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? . We have to wait until the light turns green. [单选题] *A．across, needn’tB．across, mustn’t(正确答案)C．though, can’tD．through, mustn't15、I?have to?_______ my younger brother on Sunday. [单选题] *A. look after(正确答案)B. look upC. take careD. look out16、One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but at least can help cover my living（）. [单选题] *A. billsB. expenses(正确答案)C. pricesD. charges17、Bliss, who worked in an information centre, began to work on the book in 1 [单选题] *A. 策划B. 上班C. 写作(正确答案)D. 销售18、He does ______ in math.（）[单选题] *A. goodB. betterC. well(正确答案)D. best19、Having stayed in the United States for more than ten years, he got an American（）[单选题] *A. speechB. accent(正确答案)C. voiceD. sound20、It’s raining outside. Take an _______ with you. [单选题] *A. cashB. life ringC. cameraD. umbrella(正确答案)21、His father always _______ by subway. [单选题] *A. go to workB. go to schoolC. goes to bedD. goes to work(正确答案)22、11．________ big furniture shop it is! [单选题] *A．HowB．WhatC．What a (正确答案)D．What an23、It is reported that the fire caused serious（）to that school building. [单选题] *A. damage(正确答案)B. destroyC. harmD.hurt24、My brother will come to see me tomorrow. I’ll meet?_______ at the airport. [单选题] *A. herB. youC. him(正确答案)D. them25、We often go to the zoo _______ Saturday mornings. [单选题] *A. atB. inC. on(正确答案)D. of26、I _______ seeing you soon. [单选题] *A. look afterB. look forC. look atD. look forward to(正确答案)27、We need some green paint badly, but there' s _____ at hand. [单选题] *A. notB. nothingC. little(正确答案)D. none28、Medicines are to be taken according to the doctor’s advice. [单选题] *A. 发放B. 提取C. 配方D. 服用(正确答案)29、--It is Sunday tomorrow, I have no idea what to do.--What about _______? [单选题] *A. play computer gamesB. go fishingC. climbing the mountain(正确答案)D. see a film30、--All of you have passed the test!--_______ pleasant news you have told us! [单选题] *A. HowB. How aC. What(正确答案)D. What a。
写英语作文第二卷答案
写英语作文第二卷答案IntroductionWriting an English essay can be a daunting task, especially when you're aiming for high-quality output. Volume II of our guide delves deeper into the nuances of essay writing, offering advanced strategies to refine your skills and produce compelling compositions.1. Understanding the AssignmentBefore you begin writing, it's crucial to understand the essay prompt thoroughly. Ask yourself:- What is the central question or topic?- Are there specific requirements or constraints?- What type of essay is expected (argumentative, narrative, expository)?2. Advanced Research Techniques- Utilize Scholarly Databases: Access platforms like JSTOR or Google Scholar for credible sources.- Evaluate Sources: Ensure the information is from reputable sources and is up-to-date.- Note-Taking: Keep track of your research with detailed notes to avoid plagiarism and to organize your thoughts.3. Outlining and Structure- Create a Detailed Outline: Before writing, develop a comprehensive outline that includes all main points and subpoints.- Use the PEE Structure: Practice the Point, Evidence, Explanation method to structure your paragraphs effectively.4. Crafting an Engaging Thesis Statement- Be Specific: Avoid vague statements; your thesis should clearly state your position or argument.- Be Arguable: A good thesis is one that can be supported with evidence and is open to discussion.5. Writing the Body Paragraphs- Topic Sentence: Each paragraph should begin with a clear topic sentence that outlines the main idea.- Evidence and Analysis: Follow with evidence from your research and analyze its relevance to your thesis.6. Refining Your Argument- Counterarguments: Address potential counterarguments to strengthen your essay's credibility.- Consistency: Ensure that all arguments support your thesis and are consistent with your overall message.7. Concluding Your Essay- Restate Your Thesis: Summarize your main points withoutrepeating the introduction verbatim.- Reflect on Implications: Discuss the broader significance of your findings or arguments.8. Editing and Proofreading- Grammar and Spelling: Use tools like Grammarly to catch errors you might have missed.- Coherence and Flow: Read your essay aloud to check for smooth transitions and logical flow.9. Formatting and Citations- Follow Guidelines: Adhere to the required citation style (APA, MLA, etc.) and formatting rules.- Consistency in Formatting: Ensure that headings, fonts, and margins are consistent throughout the essay.10. Final Tips- Set Aside Time for Revision: Don't wait until the last minute to revise your essay.- Peer Review: Have a classmate or friend read your essay for a fresh perspective.ConclusionMastering the art of essay writing is an ongoing process. Volume II provides advanced strategies to help you elevate your writing skills. Remember, practice is key, and each essay you write is an opportunity to improve.About the Author[Your Name], a seasoned English educator, is dedicated to helping students excel in their writing endeavors. With years of experience in guiding students through the complexities of essay writing, [Your Name] continues to provide valuable insights and strategies in this two-part series.。
英语写作2课后答案
英语写作2课后答案英语写作2 课后答案Unit 13.1) A person can look for a job in several ways.2) Penguins resemble human beings in many respects.3) One’s personality plays an important role in foreign language learning.4) Living in a place where the weather is always warm has many advantages.4.Paragraph 1: All inventions are either basic inventions or improvements on earlier inventions. Paragraph 2: There was a serious accident in the chemistry lab yesterday.Paragraph 3: Nutritional deficiency is a major problem of the elderly.5.1) topic sentencesParagraph 1: The world had enjoyed many benefits from the invention of the telephone. Paragraph 2: I had a terrible morning today.2)sentences that do not support the topic sentence in the paragraphParagraph 1: Many people do not like writing letters to each other. And nowadays, the Internet has brought us more convenience.Paragraph 2: I heard that he was also very strict with his own children.6.Topic sentence: 5) Generally speaking, there are many attractions of living in a city.Logical sequence of the sentences: 5, 7, 4, 1, 6, 9, 8, 3, 2.7.(1) First of all(2) Secondly(3) By and by(4) In addition(5) In short8.1) repetition of key words : junk food, students2) use of transitional signals: for one reason, also, as a result, however3) use of pronouns: they, their, thisPart III Follow-up Exercises3.Topic sentence: When I was a child, we never varied our Christmas Eve ritual.1) , when 2) 3) As soon as 4) , 5) 6) Meanwhile, 7) Finally, 8) After 9), 10) and 11) Ad 12) , 13) Then 14) 15)4.Logical sequence of the sentences:4, 10, 5, 12, 3, 7, 15, 9, 14, 2, 11, 8, 13, 6, 1Topic sentence: My family spent two fun-filled days at Disney World last year.Concluding sentence: Although we were very tired at midnight, we agreed that our two-day vacation at Disney World was one of the best we had ever had.5.(1) Then (2) morning (3) afternoon (4) Then(5) After that (6) when (7) already (8) after6.The New Year celebration was so unforgettable for me when I was a child. Weeks before the New Year’s Day, my mother would let me help her send out New Year’s cards and go shopping with her. In the crowded markets, I bought firecrackers, like all the ot her kids. Then, beginning on New Year’s Eve, the sound of exploding firecrackers was everywhere, day and night. On New Year’s Day, I watched huge parades go by in the middle of the streets. People wearing costumes danced past us. Some o f them were playing instruments, some were having lion dances, and dragon dances.Afterwards, we worshiped our ancestors in a temple and visited friends and relatives to wish them happy.3.logical sequence of the sentence: 3, 6, 1, 4, 7, 5, 2Relationship: Primarily, the organization of the paragraph represents movement in geographical space.4.1) in above in front of under through behind2) The central focus is “a shocking experience.” To support the main idea, the writer uses a lot of descriptions and organizes these details according to the space relationship, and thus coherence is achieved.5.(1) into(2) crosses(3) In the center of(4) Outside(5) inside(6) On the front(7) over(8) down(9) lined with(10) At the rear6.This paragraph is developed in a circular order, i.e. from east to north, and then to south3.1) Pattern: description with supplementary explanations.2) the tableSteps of the processStep 1 Wooden casks are first interconnected and then stacked in tiers.Step 2 Young sherries are poured into the casks at the top wheras the mature sherries are drawn out of the casks at the bottom.Step 3 Different sherries are constantly mixed up.Result of the effortStep 1 noStep 2 One third of the content is drawn out of one cask in any one year.Step 3 Special characteristics of the different sherries are maintained year after year.4.(1) with(2) while(3) slowly(4) Gradually(5) with(6) By this time(7) Suddenly8) final(9) ending(10) applause5.Task OneProcedures of celebrating the festival:Step 1: Prepare and lay out food; make the special lanterns.Step 2: Keep dancing and singing overnight.Step 3: Throw the food and lanterns into a river or sea.Step 4: Watch the lanterns drifting way.Linking words and phrases that connect these procedures: Firstly, also, afterward, then, signals the endTask TwoA Festival for the Dead is held once a year in Japan. This festival is a cheerful occasion, for on this day, the dead are said to return to their homes and they are welcomed by the living. As they are expected to be hungry after their long journey, food is firstly prepared and laid out for them. Also prepared and specially made are the lanterns, which are hung outside each house to helpthe dead to find their way. Afterward people keep dancing and singing all night long till the early morning. Then the food that had been laid out for the dead is thrown into a river or into the sea as it is considered unlucky for anyone living to eat it. In towns that are near the sea, the tiny lanterns, which had been hung in the streets the night before, are placed into the water. This signals the end of the festival. Thousands of lanterns then slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journey to the other world. This is a moving spectacle, for crowds ofpeople stand on the shore watching the lanterns drifting away until they can be seen no more.6.According to the Chinese Lunar calendar, the 15th day of the eighth lunar month is the day for the Mid-Autumn Festival, and the day usually falls on one of the days in the latter half of Septem ber. For this occasion people need to buy moon cakes in advance. And when that evening comes with a full moon rising, Chinese families begin to have a big dinner together. The family members enjoy many delicacies, including sweet or salty moon cakes as well as some special food like taros and young soy beans. For those who are absent from the family, moon cakes have already been s ent to them days before. When the family enjoy all of these, they will look up at the full moon, ch atting or missing their faraway relatives or friends. For them, the full moon symbolizes “reunion.”Such feelings and scenes are fully expressed by a Chinese saying: the moon at home is exceptiona lly brighter.3.1) Paragraph A follows Pattern 2, which uses one extended example to illustrate the controlling idea. Paragraph B follows Pattern 1, which uses several examples to illustrate the topic sentence.2)The outline for paragraph B:Topic sentence: Working in an apple plant was the worst job I ever had.Examples:1. First of all, the work was physically hard.Specific details:1) For ten hours a night, I took cartons that rolled down a metal track and stacked them onto wooden skids in a tractortrailer.2) Each carton contained twelve 32-ounce cans or bottles of apple juice, and they were heavy.2. The second bad feature of the job was the pay.Specific details:I was getting the minimum wage at that time, $1.25 an hour, plus a minimum of a nickel extra for working the night shift.3. The worst feature of the apple plant job was the working conditions.Specific details:1) During work we were limited to two 10-minute breaks and an unpaid half-hour for lunch.2) The steel floors of the trucks were like ice; the quickly penetrating cold made my feet feel like stone.Concluding sentence: I felt humiliated by the poverty that forced me to do such a bitter job.4.Logical sequence of the sentences:3, 6, 1, 8, 2, 4, 7, 5,Pattern: It follows Patten 1 and uses many examples to illustrate the controlling idea.5.(1) For example (2) Furthermore (3) In still another instance(4) Even (5) his (6) these (7) contemporary6.Examples 2, 3 and 5 are relevant and specific. They are effective examples that can be used. Examples 1 and 7 are not specific, though relevant.Examples 4 and 6 are completely irrelevant. They don’t refer to a Massac husetts law.7.1) Topic sentence: I’ve never seen a girl as lazy as Arena.2) Topic sentence: English teachers are applying different means to teach English language.3) Topic sentence: Americans have been decreasing their working hours since the early 1900s.4) Topic sentence: My father has been a generous man to his children.3.Subject: RepublicClass: a form of governmentCharacteristics: in which power resides in the people (the electorate)Subject: WolfClass: a large, dog-like carnivorous mammalCharacteristics: with yellowish or brownish gray and coarse fur, erect pointed ears, and a bushy tailSubject: JazzClass: a style of musicCharacteristics: that features improvisation and performance Subject: persistenceClass: a kind of qualityCharacteristics: not giving up even during rough times4.1), 2) The expression “is where” and “is when” should not be used to begin the main part of a definition. The linking verb “is” sho uld be followed by a noun, a pronoun or an adjective. Improved: 1) A stadium is a structure or building in which sports spectaculars are held.2) Socialism is a theory or system of community organizationthat advocates the vesting of the ownership and control of the means of production, capital, land and so forth, in the community as a whole.3) This is a circular definition, a practice of defining a term with the term itself.Improved: Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use the energy of light to produce compounds, such as sugar and starch, from a number of substances including water and carbon dioxide.4) The subject is defined in a language equally or more complex than the original.Improved: Surreptitious means “secret.”5) Exemplification is mistaken for definition; the examples are good for clarification, but they do not define.Improved: Political conservatives are people who are dedicated to preserving the existing conditions, such as WilliamF. Buckley, Jr., and Pat Robertson.6) It is a generalization rather than a precise definition, for the concept is defined with characteristics without being first put under a class or category.Improved: Hearing aids are a kind of device which enables deaf people to hear sounds such as normal speech.5.Task OneLogical sequence of the sentences: 2, 1, 3, 5, 4, 6,Task Three-- The purpose of the paragraph is to explain a Spanish word which has no exact English equivalent.-- The two main characteristics of machismo are courageous behavior and earthy sexuality.-- “Also” is the transitional word that leads you from the first characteristic to the second one.6.a) Members of all social classes and people of all ages consider rude behaviors to be socially unacceptable, but the standard has changed over the years. For my grandmother, who was born before the turn of the century, it was rude to start eating before everyone else was served. It was also very rude for children or younger people to interrupt older people when they were speaking. For my dad, who grew up during the Depression and the Second World war, it was rude not to say hello to a clerk in the store, and he thought my brothers and I were rude when we made unfavorable remarks about him.b) Today, rudeness is not just a matter of forgetting small courtesies. Rudeness is also being impatient and pushy. When people cut into my lane when I am driving or shove in front of me in line, I get very angry.3.1) pattern: single effect and multiple causes.2) causes(1) got drunk at the party(2) had taken the drug of Accutane(3) adolescent depressionEffect:Bart Jr’s suicide4.Logical sequence of the sentences:2, 4, 1, 3, 6, 5,Pattern of cause and effect:single effect and multiple causes.5.Task one.Topic: Society itself may be producing the distortions of personality, mental illness, and emotional instability.Causes1) society’s compartmentalizing2) society’s competitive demands3) inability to rebelEffectDistortions of personality, etc.3..1) Topic: University Students’ EntertainmentTo pic sentence: University students’ entertainment can be divided into three categories according to where it takes place.Division:a) entertainment at homeb) entertainment on campusc) entertainment elsewhere2) Topic: Roles of Young Married Women in SocietyTopic sentence: The average young married woman in today’s society has her life divided into three different roles.Division:a) the role of lifeb) the role of motherc) the role of self3) Topic: NeighborsTopic sentence: Neighbors fall into three categories according to their different attitudes towards you.Division:a) those who are friendlyb) those who are indifferentc) those who hate you4.1) Out: firm, single basis: size2) Out: fatigue, single basis: field3) Out: Baptism, single basis: branch4) Out: seashore, single basis: time5..Logical sequence of the sentences:7, 3, 10, 9, 1, 5, 8 ,4, 2 ,11, 6,Subject: Christmas giftsTopic sentence: Christmas gifts can be divided into three groups, according to their after-Christmas fate.Division:a) those that are welcomed and put into use very soonb) those that are halfway between being hated and lovedc) those that you banish as soon as possible.Concluding sentence: By New Year’s Day, you have either used, stored or disposed of each of your Christmas gifts.6.(1) types (2) Though (3) Finally (4) however (5) Even though (6) Before (7) third (8) If(9) Then (10) these3.Pattern: point-by-pointSubject 1: Western HomesPoint:Room function: Each room has its own function.Table: Each home has several tables for different functions. Door: Western homes have fixed, hinged doors.Subject 2: Japanese HomesPoint:Room function: One room serves all the functions.Table: One low table serves all the purposes.Door: Japanese homes have lightweight sliding doors.4.Logical sequence of the sentences:5, 3, 6, 2, 4, 8, 7, 1Pattern of comparison and contrast: subject by subject5. Put the following words in the blanks; some can be used twice. (1) similar (2) although (3) difference (4) identical (5) again (6) while (7) But (8) difference (9) consistency (10) completely6.3.General Statement: The enormous importance of television news had started the process of change in the printed press.4.Paragraph one:At present, there has been profound change in mass media. In the magazine industry, for example, mass magazines have routinely been replaced by magazines aimed at very specific audience. Suburban, community, and neighborhood newspapers have boomed, while many large metropolitan newspapers have declined. Movies have gone after particular audiences and tastes. Mini-theaters attract small audiences. Network radio has been superseded by AM and FM stations aimed at very specific audiences. The CB radio boom is an example of the success of an extremely personal form of communication. Television is headed in the same direction. That can mean something for everyone—and an endless string of choices. In brief, each medium is moving toward more and more specialization.Paragraph Two:How have advertisements aff ected people’s lives?Radio commercials get millions of teenagers to shop for the products made “exclusively” for them. Similarly, magazine, advertisements, showing gorgeous models dressed in the latest style, convince women that they must buy a new wardrobe in order to remain fashionable. And newspapers, too, are filled with ads which stress the need to “buy now at bargain prices” everything form pills to major household appliances. Finally, TV programs, also, are interrupted every five minutes with commercials urging people to try a new detergent, to compare their brand of cigarettes with another, or to drink a different kind of beer. Thus, mass media advertising serves mass production by getting people to buy, buy and buy.5.A. Programs on TV tend to have a high level of maturity.(1) fostering maturity at early age or hindering maturity(2) misleading children to imitating scenes on TVB. TV serials or dramas may oversimplify complex social and psychological problems.(1) enjoying simple-minded soap operas and stereotyped characters(2) giving a false picture of realityC. Informative and cultural programs are frequently interrupted by vulgar advertising.(1) too many commercials(2) an insult even to the intelligence of a moronGeneralization: In brief, it is harmful and damaging forchildren to watch too much television.6.(1) Thus (2) When (3) also (4) however(5) Moreover (6) indeed (7) also (8) Yet(9) and (10) Thus3.The description centers on one trait of personality: Uncle Amo’s being ordinary and average in life.4.There are obviously three methods used: comparison (1), generalization (2, 4), and cause-effect3.4.1) For example, some people don’t like to stay at home after work.2) I once stopped drinking for a while.3) The world we live in is changing every day.4) And the price of tobacco has been going up on the international market.5) A lot of people have successfully given up smoking now.5.1) The thesis statement is “there are minor differences between them in three areas.” It is the second sentence in the first paragraph.3)By repetition of key words: difference, British English,American English.By using transitional words and phrases: in terms of, in addition to, second, third, generally speaking.6.Task One(1) usually (2) often (3) Since (4) on the other hand(5) also (6) but (7) AlthoughTask Two3.Sentences that tell: 1, 3, 6 Sentences that show: 2, 4, 55.Logical sequence of the sentences: 8, 3, 7, 1, 5, 9, 13, 2, 6, 12, 4, 11, 106.(1) While(2) in the morning(3) in the evening(4) While(5) until(6) while(7) before(8) at six o’clock(9) As soon as(10) Unfortunately(11) What’s more(12) After(13) the next morning(14) later(15) Luckily(16) until(17) at last3. Conclusion4.We used to go sled riding down in curving garden paths.Once my father wanted to buy the house and fix it up.In nice weather, we played pirates and outlaws in the lilac bushes.It was the favorite place to play in our neighborhood.5. 3, 2, 7, 1, 8, 5, 6, 46.1) cozy 2) soft 3) On one side of4) Next to 5) muted 6)On the other side of7) nap 8) orange 9) lighted 10)sizzling7.1) The writer employs the spatial order in his description.The opening sentence presents an image of both ends of the table, with the rest of the description organized from these points in space. Sentence 2 shows the progression of objects from the ends of the table to the center. Sentence 3 focuses on the objects in the middle of the table. Thus the reader can visualize the scene very vividly.2) The prepositional phrases of location and direction are:at one end of the table, at the other end of the table, on a bed of creased paper, round its shin, beside this, between these rival ends, on which lay bunches of purple raisins, on which lay a solid rectangle of Smyrna figs, in which stood some tall celery stalks, in the center of the table3) The verbs used are primarily static verbs, like “to be,”“lay,” and “stood,” which reinforce the spatial pattern and contribute to the central impression. They are effective for the purpose as the point of view is that of an observer who is close to the scene being described.3. Thesis statement : If blind people can sense color differences, then perhaps we, too, areaffected by colors unconsciously.Organizational structureParagraph 1: Introduction/Thesis statementParagraph 2: Supporting paragraphTopic: discoveries of manufacturersExamples: sugar, foods and cosmeticsParagraph 3: Supporting paragraphTopic: discoveries of experimentsExamples: red, blue, yellowParagraph 4: Conclusion: result of the discoveries4.1) The thesis statement is “Bones can provide archaeologists with a valuable method ofmeasuring time.” It is the first sentence in the first paragraph.2) The purpose is to inform.Methods of development :a) process of calcium collection in bones over long times;b) scientific deduction from the change in bones;c) example to support the thesis.3) Unity: by introducing the thesis ( information ) in the first paragraph, and explaining the keypoints involved in the information ( i.e. what calcium andcalcium-9 in bones are and how they come into being ) and how scientists can make use of them in the second paragraph, and finally citing an example to confirm the truth of the information.Coherence:a) by repetition of key words: bones, method, calcium, calcium,calcium-9, archaeologistsb) by use of transitional words and phrases: while, when, because, in comparisonto , actually, little by little5.1) confirmed 2) findings 3) than 4) Whereas 5) as6) if 7) together 8) lead to 9) where 10) adults6.Purpose: to inform drivers that they should keep the four-second rule instead of the two-second rule on highways in order to avoid collision or pileups.Topic 11) Most multiple-car pileups occur at speeds over 55 miles per hour.2) Their drivers may observe the famous two-second rule.3) This rule means to keep two seconds of traveling time behind the vehicle ahead. Topic 2 ( also thesis ): On highways drivers should use the four-second rule, not the two-second。
写作Book2Unit1-6课后练习答案参考资料
- An hour passed quickly as float after float rolled by, depicting such
4. A short time later, we decided we wanted lunch and began to poke around the restaurants.
4.
Paragraph I All inventions are either basic inventions or improvements on earlier inventions.
Paragraph 2 There was a serious accident in the chemistry lab yesterday.
2. Getting off the car, 2. We got off at the first we headed for Space stop and immediately Mountain. - After waiting headed for the Country in line for almost an hour, Bear Jamboree. we boarded the famous - After waiting in a long roller coaster that took line, we thoroughly us for a thrilling ride enjoyed the singing and
Penguins resemble human beings in many respects.
Personality
One's personality plays an important role in foreign language learning.
英语写作2 课后答案
英语写作2 课后答案Unit 13.1) A person can look for a job in several ways.2) Penguins resemble human beings in many respects.3) One’s personality plays an important role in foreign language learning.4) Living in a place where the weather is always warm has many advantages.4.Paragraph 1: All inventions are either basic inventions or improvements on earlier inventions. Paragraph 2: There was a serious accident in the chemistry lab yesterday.Paragraph 3: Nutritional deficiency is a major problem of the elderly.5.1) topic sentencesParagraph 1: The world had enjoyed many benefits from the invention of the telephone. Paragraph 2: I had a terrible morning today.2)sentences that do not support the topic sentence in the paragraphParagraph 1: Many people do not like writing letters to each other. And nowadays, the Internet has brought us more convenience.Paragraph 2: I heard that he was also very strict with his own children.6.Topic sentence: 5) Generally speaking, there are many attractions of living in a city.Logical sequence of the sentences: 5, 7, 4, 1, 6, 9, 8, 3, 2.7.(1) First of all(2) Secondly(3) By and by(4) In addition(5) In short8.1) repetition of key words : junk food, students2) use of transitional signals: for one reason, also, as a result, however3) use of pronouns: they, their, thisPart III Follow-up Exercises3.Topic sentence: When I was a child, we never varied our Christmas Eve ritual.1) , when 2) 3) As soon as 4) , 5) 6) Meanwhile, 7) Finally, 8) After 9), 10) and 11) Ad 12) , 13) Then 14) 15)4.Logical sequence of the sentences:4, 10, 5, 12, 3, 7, 15, 9, 14, 2, 11, 8, 13, 6, 1Topic sentence: My family spent two fun-filled days at Disney World last year.Concluding sentence: Although we were very tired at midnight, we agreed that our two-day vacation at Disney World was one of the best we had ever had.5.(1) Then (2) morning (3) afternoon (4) Then(5) After that (6) when (7) already (8) after6.The New Year celebration was so unforgettable for me when I was a child. Weeks before the New Year’s Day, my mother would let me help her send out New Year’s cards and go shopping with her. In the crowded markets, I bought firecrackers, like all the other kids. Then, beginning on New Year’s Eve, the sound of exploding firecrackers was everywhere, day and night. On New Year’s Day, I watched huge parades go by in the middle of the streets. People wearing costumes danced past us. Some o f them were playing instruments, some were having lion dances, and dragon dances.Afterwards, we worshiped our ancestors in a temple and visited friends and relatives to wish them happy.3.logical sequence of the sentence: 3, 6, 1, 4, 7, 5, 2Relationship: Primarily, the organization of the paragraph represents movement in geographical space.4.1) in above in front of under through behind2) The central focus is “a shocking experience.” To support the main idea, the writer uses a lot of descriptions and organizes these details according to the space relationship, and thus coherence is achieved.5.(1) into(2) crosses(3) In the center of(4) Outside(5) inside(6) On the front(7) over(8) down(9) lined with(10) At the rear6.This paragraph is developed in a circular order, i.e. from east to north, and then to south3.1) Pattern: description with supplementary explanations.2) the tableSteps of the processStep 1 Wooden casks are first interconnected and then stacked in tiers.Step 2 Young sherries are poured into the casks at the top wheras the mature sherries are drawn out of the casks at the bottom.Step 3 Different sherries are constantly mixed up.Result of the effortStep 1 noStep 2 One third of the content is drawn out of one cask in any one year.Step 3 Special characteristics of the different sherries are maintained year after year.4.(1) with(2) while(3) slowly(4) Gradually(5) with(6) By this time(7) Suddenly8) final(9) ending(10) applause5.Task OneProcedures of celebrating the festival:Step 1: Prepare and lay out food; make the special lanterns.Step 2: Keep dancing and singing overnight.Step 3: Throw the food and lanterns into a river or sea.Step 4: Watch the lanterns drifting way.Linking words and phrases that connect these procedures:Firstly, also, afterward, then, signals the endTask TwoA Festival for the Dead is held once a year in Japan. This festival is a cheerful occasion, for on this day, the dead are said to return to their homes and they are welcomed by the living. As they are expected to be hungry after their long journey, food is firstly prepared and laid out for them. Also prepared and specially made are the lanterns, which are hung outside each house to helpthe dead to find their way. Afterward people keep dancing and singing all night long till the early morning. Then the food that had been laid out for the dead is thrown into a river or into the sea as it is considered unlucky for anyone living to eat it. In towns that are near the sea, the tiny lanterns, which had been hung in the streets the night before, are placed into the water. This signals the end of the festival. Thousands of lanterns then slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journey to the other world. This is a moving spectacle, for crowds of people stand on the shore watching the lanterns drifting away until they can be seen no more.6.According to the Chinese Lunar calendar, the 15th day of the eighth lunar month is the day for the Mid-Autumn Festival, and the day usually falls on one of the days in the latter half of Septem ber. For this occasion people need to buy moon cakes in advance. And when that evening comes with a full moon rising, Chinese families begin to have a big dinner together. The family members enjoy many delicacies, including sweet or salty moon cakes as well as some special food like taros and young soy beans. For those who are absent from the family, moon cakes have already been s ent to them days before. When the family enjoy all of these, they will look up at the full moon, ch atting or missing their faraway relatives or friends. For them, the full moon symbolizes “reunion.”Such feelings and scenes are fully expressed by a Chinese saying: the moon at home is exceptiona lly brighter.3.1) Paragraph A follows Pattern 2, which uses one extended example to illustrate the controlling idea. Paragraph B follows Pattern 1, which uses several examples to illustrate the topic sentence.2)The outline for paragraph B:Topic sentence: Working in an apple plant was the worst job I ever had.Examples:1. First of all, the work was physically hard.Specific details:1) For ten hours a night, I took cartons that rolled down a metal track and stacked them onto wooden skids in a tractor trailer.2) Each carton contained twelve 32-ounce cans or bottles of apple juice, and they were heavy.2. The second bad feature of the job was the pay.Specific details:I was getting the minimum wage at that time, $1.25 an hour, plus a minimum of a nickel extra for working the night shift.3. The worst feature of the apple plant job was the working conditions.Specific details:1) During work we were limited to two 10-minute breaks and an unpaid half-hour for lunch.2) The steel floors of the trucks were like ice; the quickly penetrating cold made my feet feel like stone.Concluding sentence: I felt humiliated by the poverty that forced me to do such a bitter job.4.Logical sequence of the sentences:3, 6, 1, 8, 2, 4, 7, 5,Pattern: It follows Patten 1 and uses many examples to illustrate the controlling idea.5.(1) For example (2) Furthermore (3) In still another instance(4) Even (5) his (6) these (7) contemporary6.Examples 2, 3 and 5 are relevant and specific. They are effective examples that can be used. Examples 1 and 7 are not specific, though relevant.Examples 4 and 6 are completely irrelevant. They don’t refer to a Massac husetts law.7.1) Topic sentence: I’ve never seen a girl as lazy as Arena.2) Topic sentence: English teachers are applying different means to teach English language.3) Topic sentence: Americans have been decreasing their working hours since the early 1900s.4) Topic sentence: My father has been a generous man to his children.3.Subject: RepublicClass: a form of governmentCharacteristics: in which power resides in the people (the electorate)Subject: WolfClass: a large, dog-like carnivorous mammalCharacteristics: with yellowish or brownish gray and coarse fur, erect pointed ears, and a bushy tailSubject: JazzClass: a style of musicCharacteristics: that features improvisation and performanceSubject: persistenceClass: a kind of qualityCharacteristics: not giving up even during rough times4.1), 2) The expression “is where” and “is when” should not be used to begin the main part of a definition. The linking verb “is” should be followed by a noun, a pronoun or an adjective. Improved: 1) A stadium is a structure or building in which sports spectaculars are held.2) Socialism is a theory or system of community organization that advocates the vesting of the ownership and control of the means of production, capital, land and so forth, in the community as a whole.3) This is a circular definition, a practice of defining a term with the term itself.Improved: Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use the energy of light to produce compounds, such as sugar and starch, from a number of substances including water and carbon dioxide.4) The subject is defined in a language equally or more complex than the original.Improved: Surreptitious means “secret.”5) Exemplification is mistaken for definition; the examples are good for clarification, but they do not define.Improved: Political conservatives are people who are dedicated to preserving the existing conditions, such as William F. Buckley, Jr., and Pat Robertson.6) It is a generalization rather than a precise definition, for the concept is defined with characteristics without being first put under a class or category.Improved: Hearing aids are a kind of device which enables deaf people to hear sounds such as normal speech.5.Task OneLogical sequence of the sentences: 2, 1, 3, 5, 4, 6,Task Three-- The purpose of the paragraph is to explain a Spanish word which has no exact English equivalent.-- The two main characteristics of machismo are courageous behavior and earthy sexuality.-- “Also” is the transitional word that leads you from the first characteristic to the second one.6.a) Members of all social classes and people of all ages consider rude behaviors to be socially unacceptable, but the standard has changed over the years. For my grandmother, who was born before the turn of the century, it was rude to start eating before everyone else was served. It was also very rude for children or younger people to interrupt older people when they were speaking. For my dad, who grew up during the Depression and the Second World war, it was rude not to say hello to a clerk in the store, and he thought my brothers and I were rude when we made unfavorable remarks about him.b) Today, rudeness is not just a matter of forgetting small courtesies. Rudeness is also being impatient and pushy. When people cut into my lane when I am driving or shove in front of me in line, I get very angry.3.1) pattern: single effect and multiple causes.2) causes(1) got drunk at the party(2) had taken the drug of Accutane(3) adolescent depressionEffect:Bart Jr’s suicide4.Logical sequence of the sentences:2, 4, 1, 3, 6, 5,Pattern of cause and effect:single effect and multiple causes.5.Task one.Topic: Society itself may be producing the distortions of personality, mental illness, and emotional instability.Causes1) society’s compartmentalizing2) society’s competitive demands3) inability to rebelEffectDistortions of personality, etc.3..1) Topic: University Students’ EntertainmentTopic sentence: University students’ entertainment can be divided into three categories according to where it takes place.Division:a) entertainment at homeb) entertainment on campusc) entertainment elsewhere2) Topic: Roles of Young Married Women in SocietyTopic sentence: The average young married woman in today’s society has her life divided into three different roles.Division:a) the role of lifeb) the role of motherc) the role of self3) Topic: NeighborsTopic sentence: Neighbors fall into three categories according to their different attitudes towards you.Division:a) those who are friendlyb) those who are indifferentc) those who hate you4.1) Out: firm, single basis: size2) Out: fatigue, single basis: field3) Out: Baptism, single basis: branch4) Out: seashore, single basis: time5..Logical sequence of the sentences:7, 3, 10, 9, 1, 5, 8 ,4, 2 ,11, 6,Subject: Christmas giftsTopic sentence: Christmas gifts can be divided into three groups, according to their after-Christmas fate.Division:a) those that are welcomed and put into use very soonb) those that are halfway between being hated and lovedc) those that you banish as soon as possible.Concluding sentence: By New Year’s Day, you have either used, stored or disposed of each of your Christmas gifts.6.(1) types (2) Though (3) Finally (4) however (5) Even though (6) Before (7) third (8) If(9) Then (10) these3.Pattern: point-by-pointSubject 1: Western HomesPoint:Room function: Each room has its own function.Table: Each home has several tables for different functions. Door: Western homes have fixed, hinged doors.Subject 2: Japanese HomesPoint:Room function: One room serves all the functions.Table: One low table serves all the purposes.Door: Japanese homes have lightweight sliding doors.4.Logical sequence of the sentences:5, 3, 6, 2, 4, 8, 7, 1Pattern of comparison and contrast: subject by subject5. Put the following words in the blanks; some can be used twice. (1) similar (2) although (3) difference (4) identical (5) again (6) while (7) But (8) difference (9) consistency (10) completely6.3.General Statement: The enormous importance of television news had started the process of change in the printed press.4.Paragraph one:At present, there has been profound change in mass media. In the magazine industry, for example, mass magazines have routinely been replaced by magazines aimed at very specific audience. Suburban, community, and neighborhood newspapers have boomed, while many large metropolitan newspapers have declined. Movies have gone after particular audiences and tastes. Mini-theaters attract small audiences. Network radio has been superseded by AM and FM stations aimed at very specific audiences. The CB radio boom is an example of the success of an extremely personal form of communication. Television is headed in the same direction. That can mean something for everyone—and an endless string of choices. In brief, each medium is moving toward more and more specialization.Paragraph Two:How have advertisements affected people’s lives?Radio commercials get millions of teenagers to shop for the products made “exclusively” for them. Similarly, magazine, advertisements, showing gorgeous models dressed in the latest style, convince women that they must buy a new wardrobe in order to remain fashionable. And newspapers, too, are filled with ads which stress the need to “buy now at bargain prices” everything form pills to major household appliances. Finally, TV programs, also, are interrupted every five minutes with commercials urging people to try a new detergent, to compare their brand of cigarettes with another, or to drink a different kind of beer. Thus, mass media advertising serves mass production by getting people to buy, buy and buy.5.A. Programs on TV tend to have a high level of maturity.(1) fostering maturity at early age or hindering maturity(2) misleading children to imitating scenes on TVB. TV serials or dramas may oversimplify complex social and psychological problems.(1) enjoying simple-minded soap operas and stereotyped characters(2) giving a false picture of realityC. Informative and cultural programs are frequently interrupted by vulgar advertising.(1) too many commercials(2) an insult even to the intelligence of a moronGeneralization: In brief, it is harmful and damaging for children to watch too much television.6.(1) Thus (2) When (3) also (4) however(5) Moreover (6) indeed (7) also (8) Yet(9) and (10) Thus3.The description centers on one trait of personality: Uncle Amo’s being ordinary and average in life.4.There are obviously three methods used: comparison (1), generalization (2, 4), and cause-effect3.4.1) For exampl e, some people don’t like to stay at home after work.2) I once stopped drinking for a while.3) The world we live in is changing every day.4) And the price of tobacco has been going up on the international market.5) A lot of people have successfully given up smoking now.5.1) The thesis statement is “there are minor differences between them in three areas.” It is the second sentence in the first paragraph.3)By repetition of key words: difference, British English, American English.By using transitional words and phrases: in terms of, in addition to, second, third, generally speaking.6.Task One(1) usually (2) often (3) Since (4) on the other hand(5) also (6) but (7) AlthoughTask Two3.Sentences that tell: 1, 3, 6 Sentences that show: 2, 4, 55.Logical sequence of the sentences: 8, 3, 7, 1, 5, 9, 13, 2, 6, 12, 4, 11, 106.(1) While(2) in the morning(3) in the evening(4) While(5) until(6) while(7) before(8) at six o’clock(9) As soon as(10) Unfortunately(11) What’s more(12) After(13) the next morning(14) later(15) Luckily(16) until(17) at last3. Conclusion4.We used to go sled riding down in curving garden paths.Once my father wanted to buy the house and fix it up.In nice weather, we played pirates and outlaws in the lilac bushes.It was the favorite place to play in our neighborhood.5. 3, 2, 7, 1, 8, 5, 6, 46.1) cozy 2) soft 3) On one side of4) Next to 5) muted 6)On the other side of7) nap 8) orange 9) lighted 10)sizzling7.1) The writer employs the spatial order in his description.The opening sentence presents an image of both ends of the table, with the rest of the description organized from these points in space. Sentence 2 shows the progression of objects from the ends of the table to the center. Sentence 3 focuses on the objects in the middle of the table. Thus the reader can visualize the scene very vividly.2) The prepositional phrases of location and direction are:at one end of the table, at the other end of the table, on a bed of creased paper, round its shin, beside this, between these rival ends, on which lay bunches of purple raisins, on which lay a solid rectangle of Smyrna figs, in which stood some tall celery stalks, in the center of the table3) The verbs used are primarily static verbs, like “to be,” “lay,” and “stood,” which reinforce the spatial pattern and contribute to the central impression. They are effective for the purpose as the point of view is that of an observer who is close to the scene being described.senses ExamplesSight Shape solid, blocks, round, leaf-shaped, stalk-shaped, fat, squat, parallel, rectangle, bunches, pyramidSize great, little, large, small, tallColor brown, purple, red, gold, dark, yellow, silver, chocolate, green, orangesTouch Texture creased, frill, glass, sprigs, peeled, cut, stripped, grated, peppered, crustTaste peppered over with crust crumbs, a round of spiced beef, grated nutmeg, chocolates and sweets3. Thesis statement : If blind people can sense color differences, then perhaps we, too, areaffected by colors unconsciously.Organizational structureParagraph 1: Introduction/Thesis statementParagraph 2: Supporting paragraphTopic: discoveries of manufacturersExamples: sugar, foods and cosmeticsParagraph 3: Supporting paragraphTopic: discoveries of experimentsExamples: red, blue, yellowParagraph 4: Conclusion: result of the discoveries4.1) The thesis statement is “Bones can provide archaeologists with a valuable method ofmeasuring time.” It is the first sentence in the first paragraph.2) The purpose is to inform.Methods of development :a) process of calcium collection in bones over long times;b) scientific deduction from the change in bones;c) example to support the thesis.3) Unity: by introducing the thesis ( information ) in the first paragraph, and explaining the keypoints involved in the information ( i.e. what calcium and calcium-9 in bones are and how they come into being ) and how scientists can make use of them in the second paragraph, and finally citing an example to confirm the truth of the information.Coherence:a) by repetition of key words: bones, method, calcium, calcium,calcium-9, archaeologistsb) by use of transitional words and phrases: while, when, because, in comparisonto , actually, little by little5.1) confirmed 2) findings 3) than 4) Whereas 5) as6) if 7) together 8) lead to 9) where 10) adults6.Purpose: to inform drivers that they should keep the four-second rule instead of the two-second rule on highways in order to avoid collision or pileups.Topic 11) Most multiple-car pileups occur at speeds over 55 miles per hour.2) Their drivers may observe the famous two-second rule.3) This rule means to keep two seconds of traveling time behind the vehicle ahead. Topic 2 ( also thesis ): On highways drivers should use the four-second rule, not the two-secondrule.1) The distance needed to stop a car should vary with the square of its speed.2) If the driver accelerates, the stopping distance needs to increase accordingly.Topic 3(also restatement): … use the two-second rule for city driving and the four-second rule for highways.1)Most the slowing occurs over the last half of the stopping distance.2)Some practical examples are given.3)For greater details the reader may refer to the attached table to determine the righttime allowed to avoid accidents.Sample EssaysOn Student Lovers’ Living Togethe r•According to official statistics, the number of college student lovers living together offcampus in Beijing has increased by four times between 1997 and 2001. This is undeniably true of many other places in China. Although many students do not strongly object to it, I don’t think it is advisable for college student lovers to live together away from campus.•Some lovers say that living together can relieve their loneliness and pressure, but it is notreally the best choice. On the one hand, the real reason for their loneliness is that they are not focusing their mind on study. Study, the most important task for university students, can prove to be fascinating if you really focus on it./ On the other hand, even if their loneliness is real, there are many better ways to deal with it./ For instance, they can find friends to take part in sports or other entertaining activities. By staying away from other classmates, living together can be a source of rather than solution to loneliness.•Other lovers argue that they mean to get married after graduation, and this experience can help them test each other to see if they are suitable for married life. But this mentality does not hold water. The two lovers may really love each other, but living together can actually spoil a good relationship, because it enters into weakness rather strength, doubt rather than conviction. / A follow-up study shows that few couples living together really end in marriage.Unit 164.Task One1) However 2) open 3) too 4) because 5) as a result6) Secondly 7) unless 8) even 9) prolong 10) delays 11) benefits5.1) Diseases are not caused by evil spirits but by other factors.2) The minor propositions are: causes of disease are congenital, infectious and nutritional.3) The main expository method is cause and effect.4) Use of pronouns: some, other;Use of adverbial phrase: as wellUse of synonyms: cause, lead to, giver rise to, result from。
英文写作2 湖北师范大学 在线考试及答案
英文写作2 湖北师范大学在线考试及答案1、Could you make us a firm offer（）shoes?A.ofB.forC.offD.at答案: B2、We are well acquainted（）the market conditions in Southeast Asia.A.ofB.withC.forD.in答案: A3、We are unable to（）with your request in your letter of Jan31, 2002.poseB.confirmC.conformply答案: D4、We offer these goods subject（）their being unsold on receipt of your order.A.inB.withC.onD.to答案: D5、（），we are interested in building business trade relations throughout the world.A.As your requestB.For your confirmationC.You informedD.For your information答案: D6、When submitting our quotation, we suggested that the relevant L/C（）（）as early as possible.A.be establishedB.establishesC.is establishedD.would be established答案: A7、If you find our price（）, please send us an email for our final confirmationA.acceptanceB.acceptedC.acceptingD.acceptable答案: D8、Will you please send us your catalogue together（）a detailed offer?A.withB.toC.ofD.for答案: A9、We wish to establish direct business relations（）you.A.forB.withC.fromD.to答案: B10、As it involves only a small （），we hope you will have no difficulty on promotion.A.qualityB.figureC.quantityD.number答案: C11、（）you can reduce your quotations, we shall have to buy elsewhere.A.BeforeB.AfterC.Seeing thatD.Unless答案: D12、We （）you for the special offer you send us.A.thankB.appreciateC.be gratefulD.thankful答案: A13、By joint efforts we can （）both friendship and business.A.increaseB.promoteC.expandD.extend答案: B14、We are（）your letter of January 8 and will duly act on your instruction.A.upon receipt ofB.in receipt ofC.receiveD.to receive15、We are not in a position to supply you, as the goods are（）A.without stockB.outside in stockC.out of stockD.no stock答案: C16、We offer these goods subject（）their being unsold on receipt of your order.A.inB.withC.onD.to答案: B17、We（）be glad if you could send us samples and quotationsA.shallB.willC.shouldD.could答案: C18、We shall appreciate（）us CIF Melbourne.A.you quoteB.you to quoteC.you quotingD. to you quoting答案: C19、The goods under Contract NO. 3617 left here（）.A.in a good conditionB.in good conditionsC.in good conditionD.in the good condition20、The sugar was dispatched two weeks ago and（）you by now.A.should have reachedB.should reachC.have reachedD.reach答案: A21、Our best quality products will find a ready（）in your area.A.marketB.orderC.customerD.consignment答案: A22、The stipulations in the relevant L/C should strictly（）（）the terms set force in our Sales Confirmation.A.in conformity withB.in accordance withC.conform toD.conform with答案: C23、We will forward all the necessary information of the item mentioned above （）receipt of your specific inquiry.A.atB.ofC.uponD.for答案:B24、We are looking forward to （）your L/C for Order No 123A.receiveB.receivingC.be receivedD.be receiving答案: B25、Please send us your（）（）catalogue together with samples you can let us have.A.illustrateB.illustratedC.illustratingD.illustration答案: B26、We shall appreciate it if you will see to it that amendment is cabled（）delay.A.inB.out ofC.withinD.without答案: D27、We have been happy to（）（）your credit based on your promise to pay according to our terms.A.expandB.prolongC.extendD.lengthen答案: C28、As you failed to make delivery in time, we have no choice（）（）our order with you.A.but to cancelB.but cancelC.but cancelingD.but cancelled答案: A29、The stipulations in the relevant L/C should strictly（）（）the terms set force in our Sales Confirmation.A.in conformity withB.in accordance withC.conform toD.conform with答案: C30、It's generally recognized that 它普遍认为A对B错答案: A31、But the problem is not so simple.Therefore 然而问题并非如此简单，所以A对B错答案: A32、But it's a pity that 但遗憾的是A对B错答案: A33、It's likely that 这可能是因为A对B错答案: A34、For all that对于这一切In spite of the fact that尽管事实A对B错答案: A35、What calls for special attention is that需要特别注意的是B错答案: A36、However , the difficulty lies in然而，困难在于A对B错答案: A37、It can be said with certainty that 可以肯定地说A对B错答案: A38、It has to be noticed that 它必须注意到，A对B错答案: A39、what's far more important is that 更重要的是A对B错答案: A40、It goes without saying that 不言而喻，A对B错答案: A41、A case in point is 一个典型的例子是A对B错答案: A42、As the proverb says，正如谚语所说的，A对答案: A43、It's hardly too much to say that 它几乎没有太多的说A对B错答案: A44、It's hardly that 这是很难的A对B错答案: A45、Nothing is more important than the fact that 没有什么比这更重要的是A对B错答案: A46、There's no denying the fact that毫无疑问，无可否认A对B错答案: A47、As stated in the previous paragraph 如前段所述A对B错答案: A48、As is often the case由于通常情况下A对B错答案: A49、As far as is concerned 就而言A对B错答案: A50、Further, we hold opinion that 此外，我们坚持认为，A对B错答案: A。
英语学术论文 lecture 2 练习部分答案
英语学术论文lecture 2 练习部分答案2.5 Reflection and Practice （Exercise）1.Please comment on the following titles or keywords and revise them ifnecessary.(1) A Research on the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Applied in the Analysis of Structural MechanicsKey: Application of the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in the Analysis of Structural Mechanics(2) Developing Computer Internet and Spread of Culture and InformationKey: Developing Computer Internet and Spreading of Culture and Information(3) Studies on Monoclonal Antibodies in Nuclear MedicineKey: Monoclonal Antibodies in Nuclear Medicine(4) An Investigation of Mechanisms of Retinal Damage from Chronic Laser RadiationKey: Mechanisms of Retinal Damage：Chronic Laser Radiation(5) Toward Commercialization of the Natural Gas VehiclesKey: Commercialization of the Natural Gas Vehicles(6) Can the Rate of Wash Load Be Predicted from the Bed Load Function?Key: Prediction of Wash Load Ratefrom the Bed Load Function?(7) Phase Equilibria between Fluorothene and Orange (a good title)(8)On Learning Foreign Languages and Cultural Background TeachingKey: Foreign Languages Learning and Cultural Background Teaching(9)Keywords: English, V ocabulary, Tendency(10)Keywords: Collocation Context ConnotationKey: Keywords: Collocation Context Connotation （单词间隔要大点) (Using larger space between words)2.The following title, affiliation, and are abridged from a journal article. Pleaselist the keywords for the paper based on the title and abstract.bine each of the groups of sentences below into a sound sentencecontaining one absolute.(1)Air resistance is neglected.The acceleration of gravity continually increases as the body approaches the earth.(答案：The acceleration of gravity continually increases as the body approaches the earth, air resistance being neglected. )(2)Almost all metals are good conductors.Silver is the best.(答案：Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best.)(3)In Group 1, we have hydrogen and the alkali(碱) metals.All of them have low density.(答案：In Group 1, we have hydrogen and the alkali metals,all of low density.)(4)There are many reasons for this.One of the reasons is that simulation allows the assessment of the potentialperformance before a newly designed system is operable.(答案：There are many reasons for this, among them the fact that simulation allows the assessment of the potential performance before a newly designed system is operable.)(5)Laser’s creation is thought to be one of today’s wonders.Laser’s nothing more than a light that differs from ordinary lights.(答案：Laser, its creation being thoug ht to be one of today’s wonders, i s nothing more than a light that differs from ordinary lights.)。
写作教程第二册答案课件演示文稿
- An hour passed quickly as float after float rolled by, depicting such
4. A short time later, we decided we wanted lunch and began to poke around the restaurants.
5. (1) Then (2) morning (4) Then (5) After that (7) already (8) after
(3) afternoon (6)when
6. Sample paragraph
The New Year celebration was so unforgettable for me when
of the streets. People wearing costumes danced past us. Some of
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
them were playing instruments; some were having lion dances,
and dragon dances. Afterwards, we worshiped our ancestors in
写作教程第二册答案课件演示 文稿
（优选）写作教程第二册答案 课件
Write a focused topic sentence for the following subject
Looking for jobs A person can look for a job in several ways. Penguins Penguins resemble human beings in many respects.
写作教程 第二册 答案
5. Paragraph 1
The world has enjoyed many benefits from the invention of telephone. Paragraph 2 I had a terrible morning today.
Personality One's personality plays an important role in foreign language learning. Weather Living in a place where the weather is always warm has many advantages.
a temple and visited friends and relatives to wish them Happy
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Unit3 FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES
3. Logical sequence of the sentences: 3–6–1–4–7–5–2
Relationship: Primarily, the organization of the paragraph represents movement in geographical space.
Hale Waihona Puke . Topic sentence:
5, 7, 4, 1, 6, 9, 8, 3, 2
7.
1) First of all 2) Secondly 3) By and by 4) In addition 5) In short
英语写作课后答案PART2
Answer KeyPART TWO: PATTERNS OF ESSAY DEVELOPMENT8 DescriptionQuestions on the Student Essays, 170–1721. c2. I’d been visiting my cousins . . .3. c4. bsight hearing5. b. He was staring off into space, idly tapping his spoon against the table, while shesightsightdrew aimless parallel lines on her paper napkin with a bent dinner fork.touch sight sightc. The blouse is made of heavy eggshell-colored satin and reflects the light in itssightfolds and hollows.touch sight sightd. Her brows are plucked into thin lines, which are like two pencil strokes added tosighthighlight those fine, luminous eyes.6. dull hum, silently waiting, deserted cooking area7. b8. The most haunting feature in the photo . . .9. a10. aQuestions on the Professional Essay, 180–1811. Lou’s coffee shop is like “a fond but dysfunctional family.”(Wording may vary.)2. d3. Lou is concerned that she is smoking rather than eating.4. b5. sight, hearing, smell6. d7. After a moment . . .8. c9. a10. bPrewriting (Writing Assignment 2), 184–185A. Plucked eyebrowsOval faceWavy brown hairB. Silver earringsBraceletRingC. Ring from another manSignature (“Sincerely . . .”)9 NarrationQuestions on the Student Essays, 190–1921. “Adopting a Handicap”2. Thanks to a new building program . . .3. Pine Streethad a lot of antique stores . . .4. I hope my parents and I . . .sight touch sight touch sight5. a. My palms reddened and my wrist and forearm muscles started to ache as I tugged at thetouchheavy metal wheels.sightb. I could not see the minister, the choir, or the altar.hearinghearingc. The club thudded against the side of Victor’s head, making him yelp with pain.sightsightd. As we ran, I kept seeing him sprawled on the ground, blood from our beatingtrickling into his eyes.6. Victor, the biggest of us . . .7. three8. a. Coping with the wheelchair (or Learning how to use the wheelchair)b. Dealing with additional problems in the wheelchair9. After, When, As10. aQuestions on the Professional Essay, 197–1981. Answers will vary. One possibility: Vingo returned from prison to find that his wife stillloved him and wanted him back.2. b3. a4. b5. Answers may vary. Two examples:Vingo tells his story “slowly and painfully and with great hesitation.”Vingo asks his wife to leave a signal (the handkerchief) rather than confront her directly.6. Examples of Vingo’s being honorable: He doesn’t express any self-pity about being in jail.He owns up to his crime. He offers his wife her freedom.7. Fort Lauderdale, New Jersey, Washington, Jacksonville, the 34th StreetTerminal in New York, Philadelphia, Brunswick8. But if she didn’t . . .9. d10. d10 ExamplesQuestions on the Student Essays, 207–2081. Some kids can be . . .2. Paragraph 2 in “Everyday Cruelty”3. To pass time as I walk . . .4. Then they did even more cruel things . . .5. A young woman chimed in . . .6. Explore the rise of Nazi Germany; play a trivia game; hear the life story of a stranger7. At lunchtime on Wednesday, Then, As people stared, Finally8. But no part of everyday life . . .9. “Altered States”: Confronted with inventions . . .10. bQuestions on the Professional Essay, 215–2161. b 7.102. c 8.a. When, The next year3. db. too4. cc. although5. But, I said, he kept . . . 9. a6. b 10.c11 ProcessQuestions on the Student Essays, 226–2281. First supporting paragraph; one example of a topic sentence: First, arrange time forexercise.2. b3. One of the problems . . .4. Then get out the simple materials . . .5. Paragraph 4 describes an incident with a plumber who left a bathtub dirty.6. Paragraph 3 describes an incident with a “lemon” bicycle and an incident concerning anovercharge by a department store.7. Next; To begin with; Then; Then8. first . . . next9. a10. dQuestions on the Professional Essay, 234–2361. The job-interview “game” may not be 5. dmuch fun, but . . . or Here are guidelines 6. First of all, Then, Finallyto help you play . . . 7. a2. d 8.On the other hand3. b 9.b4. c 10.bPrewriting (Writing Assignment 2), 238Step 1:Items 1 through 9 Step 3:Items 13 through 17Step 2:Items 10 through 1212Cause and EffectQuestions on the Student Essays, 243–2441. b2. The single time . . .3. In fact, my “antique” has opened my eyes to the advantages of owning an old car: economy,reliability, and familiarity. (Wording of answer may vary slightly.)4. b, d5. Because they are constantly observed . . .6. c7. In addition to the loss of privacy . . .8. In addition; also9. One; Last of all10. aQuestions on the Professional Essay, 249–2511. The thesis is implied in sentences 1 and2. It could be stated thus: There are variouspossible reasons why mothers tend to hold their babies in their left arms.2. d3. b4. a5. Fathers show less left-side bias than mothers.6. The effect:left-side biasTwo possible causes:Answers may vary. Any two of the following: Mother’s heart is on the left side; “left brain” is more “emotional”; baby usually turns head to right.7. therefore8. Recently a possible additional value . . .9. d10. b13Comparison and ContrastQuestions on the Student Essays, 261–2621. Paragraph 3: Eating at the Chalet is . . .2. Once, I forgot . . .3. 24. (Wording of answers may vary)a. Chalet is dimly lit; McDonald’s is bright.b. Waiters at the Chalet are formal; employees at McDonald’s are friendly.c. Food is unfamiliar at the Chalet; food is familiar at McDonald’s.5. Even the other diners . . .6. Now, I use several techniques . . .7. on the other hand8. most important9. c10. bQuestions on the Professional Essay, 268–2701. Stated in paragraph 6: “. . . the families that operate like Beaver Cleaver’s are . . .disappearing because three parts of our lives have changed . . .”2. c3. c4. Fast food, takeout, and heat-and-serve dishes make up much of the modern American diet.5. Television and computers6. 107. After, then8. Today the words . . .9. a10. dPrewriting (Writing Assignment 1), 270–273First point: Different playing requirementsSecond point: Different traits and skills involvedThird point: Different images14DefinitionQuestions on the Student Essays, 278–2791. Paragraph 2: Football fans just plain . . .2. Baseball fans go . . .3. Should their beloved team . . .4. c5. 46. dQuestions on the Professional Essay, 285–2871. Answers will vary. Example: Addiction to TV resembles addiction to alcohol or drugs inseveral ways.2. d3. b4. b5. The heroin addict’s damaged life; the alcoholic’s narrowed and dehumanized life6. a7. 68. Finally9. c10. b15Division and ClassificationQuestions on the Student Essays, 294–2951. Paragraph 42. Mall managers have obviously . . .3. These frogs are an example . . .4. Then, they wander . . .5. Paragraph 46. hearinga. Hearing the music of the antique carousel housed there, Jenny begs to ride herfavoritesightpony with its shining golden mane.hearing sightb. Shouting “I’m starving!” Fred, Jr., drags the family toward the food court, wheresmellhe detects the seductive odor of pizza.sighttouchc. Mom walks through a fabric store, running her hand over the soft velvets andtouchslippery silks.7. first, Then, Finally8. A second kind of ad . . .9. d10. aQuestions on the Professional Essay, 300–3021. Answers will vary. One example: Various kinds of waiting interrupt everyone’s life.2. Answers will vary. One possibility: This is intentional; it is done for a humorous effect.3. Watched-Pot Wait; Forced Wait4. “You have a choice” in the Forced Wait.5. He gives examples: protecting your car by not running it cold; preparing soup properly.6. Introduction: paragraphs 1–2Topic 1: paragraphs 3–5Topic 2: paragraphs 6–8Topic 3: paragraph 9Topic 4: paragraphs 10–11Conclusion: paragraphs 12–137. A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is . . .8. b9. d10. He uses an image in which all the waits are involved. (Wording may vary.)16ArgumentationQuestions on the Student Essays, 314–3151. Paragraph 4. Topic sentences will vary; one example: Local news is often lacking in depth.2. Is raising taxes . . .3. Stress is probably greater . . .4. “Teenagers and Jobs”: Also, teens who have money . . .“Once Over Lightly”: They too dilute the news . . .5. Paragraph 3 . . . However6. Weatherpersons, reporters, anchorpersons7. Paragraph 3: AnotherParagraph 4: Finally8. Change-of-direction: ButIllustration:For example9. b, c10. bQuestions on the Professional Essay, 320–3221. c2. d3. a4. c5. a6. Knives promote physical fitness, don’t ricochet, don’t kill people cleaning them.No, she is not really pro-knife; her point is that guns are even more dangerous than knives. (Answers may vary.)7. In the first place, plus, and8. We do, however, license . . .9. c10. a。
英语论文写作2练习题库参考答案
《写作》练习测试题库参考答案I. Revise the following sentences. The problems of the sentences have already been pointed out. For the revision of some of the sentences, please follow the directions after them.1. The most popular animal oil for perfume today is musk, although some people dislike its heavy, sweet odor.2. The earliest historical document from the Middle East record the use of fragrance not only in religious ceremonies but also on the body.3. The baboon stared at his challenger. He was poised for combat. 或The baboon, poised for combat, staring at his challenger.4. The animals acted out a rivalry. It mystified their keepers. 或The animals acted out a rivalry which mystified their keepers.5. The challenger was a newcomer who was unusually fierce. 或The challenger wasa newcomer. He/She was unusually fierce.6. She backed closer and closer to the end of the diving board, at last falling into the water.或She backed closer and closer to the end of the diving board. At last she fell into the water.7. People waving flags and cheering lined the streets for the parade. 或People lined the streets for the parade, waving flags and cheering.8. Many pine trees bear large cones which appear in August.9. Petric is not a nurse. She is a doctor. 或Petric is not a nurse; she is a doctor.10. She did well in college. Her average was 3.9.或She did well in college; her average was 3.9.11. The ship was huge, and its mast stood thirty feet high.或The ship was huge. Its mast stood thirty feet high.或The ship was huge; its mast stood thirty feet high.12. Chemistry has contributed much to our understanding of foods. Many foods such as wheat and beans can be produced in the laboratory.13. Some laboratory-grown foods taste good, and they are nutritious. 或Some laboratory-grown foods taste good. They are nutritious, too. 或Some laboratory-grown foods taste good. They are also nutritious.14. The vitamins are adequate. The flavor is deficient.或Even though the vitamins are adequate, the flavor is deficient. 或Although the vitamins are adequate, the flavor is deficient. 或Despite the vitamins are adequate, the flavor is deficient. 或The vitamins are adequate, yet the flavor is deficient.15. After rain had fallen steadily for sixteen hours, many basements were flooded. 或Rain had fallen steadily for sixteen hours, and many basements were flooded.16. Cattle, fermented beverages, and rare shells have served as money. Each one had actual value for the society.17.Sports fans still admire Pete Rose, Babe Ruth, and Joe Namath even though these stars could not be perfect.18. When Catherine I became empress of Russia at age forty, her people feared more than loved her.19. To keep birds from eating seeds, soak the seeds in blue food coloring.20. Employees who require personal time should consult with their supervisor.21. Jody found a dress that her aunt had worn in the attic.22. "I'm wrong," she said to my sister.或She admitted that she was wrong and said so to my sister.或"You're wrong," she said to my sister.或My sister was told that she was wrong.23. The workers removed all the furniture from the room and cleaned the room. 或The workers removed all the furniture from the room and cleaned them.24. Juliet Noble told Susan Torre that Susan was mistaken. 或Juliet Noble told Susan Torre that Susan had mistaken her. 或Susan Torre was told by Juliet Novle that she was mistaken.25. Students ask questions when they do not understand the professor.26. If students learn how to study efficiently, they will make much better grades on tests.27.If you feel the car skidding, release the brakes and turn the wheel into the direction of the skid.28. An important thing for the student to remember is that when writing a paper, he should not plagiarize.29.Those who wish to take Linguistics are expected to sign their names on this sheet of paper.30. Students should learn to analyze and solve problems independently. They shouldn't rely on their teachers' help.31. If people have made errors on the tax form, they might even be audited, thereby delaying a refund even longer. 或If errors have been made on the tax form, they might even be audited, thereby delaying a refund even longer.32. As we looked out over the ocean, we could see ships in the distance.33.To aid the American Revolution, Jackson chose service as a mounted courier.34. After accomplishing many deeds of valor, Andrew Jackson won his election to the Presidency in 1828 and 1832 with his fame.35. Looking out of the window, he(she, I) can see the grassland stretching as far as the eye can reach.36. When the teacher entered the classroom, the students stood up and said, "Good morning!"或On entering the classroom, the teacher was greeted by the students, who stood up and said, “Good morning!"37. To get ready for the trip, she put all the things she needed into a suitcase.38.Listening attentively, I(we, she, he, or they) heard a faulty sound.39. Though not well educated, Jackson proved his ability with a successful career as a lawyer and judge.或：Though Jackson was not well educated, his successful career as a lawyer and judge proved his ability.40. Impressed with his qualifications, the printing firm hired Paul. 或Paul impressed the printing firm with his qualifications and made himself hired.II. Rearrange the following numbered sentences so that they read logically.1) answer: 7,3,8,4,6,10,1,5,2,92)answer: 4,6,2,1,8,3,5,73)answer 6,4,8,9,7,1,5,2,34)answer 4,2,6,9,8,10,3,1,7,55)answer:1), 3), 6), 4), 2), 5) Distant to Close或1), 4), 2), 5), 3), 6) Head to Feet6) answer: 5 3 7 2 4 6 17) answer: 4 1 3 5 7 2 68)Answer: 5 2 4 1 3III. Rewrite the following story in the form of a dialogue. The dialogue should include at least 10 lines, which means each character should speak at least 5 times.1)answer:1)格式5分，标点符号错误每处扣0.25分。
大学思辨英语教程写作2单元答案
⼤学思辨英语教程写作2单元答案 ⼤学思辨英语教程写作第2单元的答案⼤家看到了吗?下⾯是店铺给⼤家整理的⼤学思辨英语教程写作2单元答案，供⼤家参阅! ⼤学思辨英语教程写作2单元答案Part III: Language Study Activity 5 Read Text A and Text B and find more examples of concrete language and figurative language. Then discuss their functions with your partner. Activity 6 The following sentences are developed from the sentence Sheila replied,“I don’tknow where he is.”With different concrete details, Sheila becomes different kindsof person.Discuss with your partner your understanding of what kind of personSheila is in each context. 1) Sheila rolled her eyes and sighed loudly, then threw up her hands in exasperation and replied curtly, “I don’t know where he is.” Sheila was quick-tempered. 2) Staring blankly out of the window, Sheila exhaled softly, closed her eyes for a moment and replied, “I don’t know where he is.” Sheila was gentle. 3) Sheila stared at her mother, teary-eyed, shuddering with fear, and sobbingly replied, “I don’t know where he is.” Sheila was timid /fearful. 4) Sheila continued to pass the items over the scanner, staring down at the counter, and without even looking at the customer, replied indifferently, “I don’t know where he is.” Sheila was impolite. Activities 7-8 Suggestions for instructors: These two activities would help students to practice the characterization skills as well as characterization through concrete and/or figurative language.We suggest that the teacher could ask students to work on the two activities themselves first. If in class, the teacher could ask students to select one task from each activity and work in pair about 10 minutes. Then the teacher could ask students to share their work and arrange the whole class to appreciate their writing. More examples for Activity 8 The old woman looked old and sad. A. When I came out of the train, I heard someone sobbing. I headed towards the direction whereby the sobbing came from. I spotted an old woman with wrinkled skin and silver hair. She had teeth that had yellowed with age. She also looked miserable and gloomy. The old woman was sitting in a humid corner whereby no one cared about her. As I went closer to her, I could see tears streaming down her face. I realized that she was hunched-back. I could tell from her appearance that she was a burden to her family. B. The frail-looking lady inched forward like she only had a limited space to move her feet. From a far distance, I could see her wrinkled skin and her teeth that had yellowed with age. She looked cheerless with sunken eyes and cheeks. Her sinewy hands looked like she had worked hard for many years. She looked really feeble and seemed like she could not even swat a fly without missing it. Her silvery hair was no longer bright and shiny, but instead it was dull. Her face was gloomy and her smile was gone. She hunched her back and took a couple of steps forward. She looked up in dismay and sighed. If time permits, the instructor can ask students to work in groups and list five ways to show that a person is sad, or angry or happy. For example: On entering the door I remembered the doll I had broken. I felt my way to the hearth and picked what I had done, and for the first time I felt repentance and sorrow.—The Story of My Life —The Diamond Necklace 第5 / 6页 She wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment, in her sister’s arms.—The Story of an Hour After Harry Potter’s parents were killed, baby Harry was put onto the doorsteps of his uncle and aunt which made Hagrid, Professor McGonagall and Dumbledore sad: For a full minute the three of them stood and looked at the little bundle; —Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone Harry.– (Fred was killed andHermione was sad, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows) Hermione Before Harry could say or do anything, she tucked the enormous ran toward the staircase to the girls’ dormitories and out of sight.—Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban face as low as possible, wiping them off on his robes, pretending to do up his shoelace, so that Lupin wouldn't see.–Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban “You may rest assured that she will be punished,” Mr. Crouch added coldly. “M-m-master…” Winky stammered, looking up at Mr. Crouch, “M-m-master, p-p-please…”—Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire —Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire “Master Barty, you bad boy!” whispered Winky, tears trickling between her fingers. —Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire ⼤学思辨英语教程写作2单元答案Part II: Case Analysis Activity 3 Read Text A and consider how the author keeps moving the plot of the story forward. What techniques are employed to develop the characters? Task 1 Understanding the text Task 2 Responding to the text Write your answer to each question in full sentences. Then discuss your answers withyour partner. 1) What had happened in the past 20 years to Jimmy and Bob? Jimmy became a policeman while Bob got rich by involving in criminal activities. 2) What kind of person was Jimmy in the eyes of Bob? Could you imagine Bob’sfeeling while he was waiting for Jimmy? Jimmy was a nice and honest guy. He was excited and proud that he had been “successful”. 3) How did Jimmy deal with the awkward situation? He did not reveal his real identity. 4) If you were Jimmy, how would you deal with the awkward situation? Answers may vary. Activity 4 Read Text B and consider how the author presents the change of the Selfish Giant. What techniques are employed to develop the character Giant? Task 1 Understanding the text Complete the chronological outline of the text. Include the most important events in the story. 1) Children liked to play in the Giant’s garden. 5) Every afternoon, when school was over, the children came and played withthe Giant. 6) Years went over, and the Giant grew very old and feeble. 7) One winter morning he looked out of his window he found a tree covered with lovely white blossomsand underneath it stood the little boy he had loved. 8) When the children ran in that afternoon, they found the Giant lying deadunder the tree, all covered with white blossoms. Task 2 Responding to the text Write your answer to each question in full sentences. Then discuss your answers with your partner. 1) Why was the Giant unhappy to see the children playing in his garden when he cameback from his visit to his friend? Have you ever seen a similar phenomenon in your life? He thought the garden was his and he did not want to share it with others. 2) How did the author present the Giant’s realization of his selfishness? Through a monologue “my own garden is my own garden” and his action of putting a no trespassing sign. 3) What did the Giant gain by allowing the children to play in his garden? He gained happiness. 4) What role did the little boy play in the development of the story? The little boy changed the selfish giant into a loving giant and as a symbolic figure(angel); he was very important. ⼤学思辨英语教程写作2单元答案Part I: Learning the Skills Activity 1 Beaver Goes Shopping Read the following story and discuss with your partner the techniques used in developing the character Beaver. What Beaver says Beaver talked to different animals about what food to buy. He communicated with several animals about his food. What Beaver does Beaver talked and acted and kept trying different food after listening to different people’s advice. What Beaver thinks and feels He felt sad ( unhappy) when he couldn’t find the food he wanted and happy when he got the carrots. Activity 2 The following two passages are about two best friends, Deanna and Beverly. Read thetwo passages carefully and discuss with your partner the techniques the authors useto develop the characters in each passage. In Passage 2, highlight those sentences thatcan correspond tothe sentences ([1], [2], [3] and [4]) in Passage 1 and think about theimpact of these differences on readers’ impressions of the two characters. The technique here is whether using showing or telling in character development. While the first uses telling, the second mostly used showing with specific details and dialogues.。
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Reference Keys to Exercises
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《英语论文写作教程》操时尧柯军编著湖北科学技术出版社2013.5
Chapter 2 Pre-Writing Process
I. Narrow down the general topic below to one specific topic that you could write about for a thesis assignment.
(Possible answers)
English literature
American literature
Ernest Hemingway’s works
The Old Man and the Sea
“C ode hero” or “iceberg theory” or else
II. Read the following passage and answer questions
1) A topic is a subject area from which researchers can develop research questions. A question is more concrete than a topic, and thesis statement (sometimes called central argument) is a tentative answer to the question. Natural order of the three: 1) topic; 2) question; 3) thesis statement
2) Communicative language teaching approach (topic) --- Has communicative language approach affected actual classroom activities? (question) --- communicative language teaching facilitates the teaching of reading in English classroom. (thesis statement)
III. Translate the following passage into Chinese.
作为一种重要的知识储备手段，各类文献已成为人类宝贵的资源财富，为人类的社会进步做出了重大贡献。
专业文献已被认为是全世界的“无形财产”，因为一方面它们是对前人的经验或研究成果的总结、概括和发展；另一方面，又是人类长期积累、世代相传的遗产。
因此，从这意义上讲，所有文献都是前人宝贵的研究成果和学术成就的记载，是人类文化的结晶。
IV. Translate the following thesis titles into English.
1) Charlotte Bronte’s Female consciousness revealed in Jane Eyre
2) Oedipus Complex in Sons and Lovers by D. Lawrence: A mytho-archetypical criticism
3) Artistic dialogues in Pride and prejudice: A stylistic analysis
4) Id, ego and superego: “3+1” system in Jane Eyre
5) The role of Dimaggio in The Old Man and the Sea
6) Commonness and uniqueness: Learning strategies of English top achievers
7) Comments on two English translated versions of SHUI HU ZHUAN: A view from Skopos theory
8) Subtitle translation of the movie Hero: From perspective of Skopos theory
9) Chinese-English translating strategies of political neologism
10) Constructionism-based innovation of CAI models for English teaching
V. Translate the following passage into English.
Identifying a research topic is the first step to initiate any scientific research. The next is to narrow
it down into a workable unit, and the strategy of doing this is to keep on asking questions beginning with “who”, “what” and “how”. Reviewing the literature while discussing with other people is necessary in both obtaining a research topic and determining the focus. Once the focus of the research is specified, general questions are expected to develop together with a sub-set of more specific ones. Would-be (novice or fresh) researchers are very often troubled by having no research ideas at the initial stage. They are advised to reflect on their own learning experiences, and attend conferences or guest lectures to gain inspiration. They may also be troubled by the topic being too broad or the questions being trivial. The last problem they often encounter is that their questions are presented as a shopping list without a hierarchical structure.
VI. Answer the following questions in your own words.
Omitted
VII. Put the following quotations (theme: idea) into Chinese.
1. 当两个人交换一个苹果，他们各自得到的还是一个苹果；当他们交换一个思想的时候，得到的却是两个思想。
——乔治·萧伯纳
2. 不要害怕新思想，旧观点才令人担忧。
旧观点让你停滞不前，阻挠成长。
专心思考你想去哪里，不用关注你害怕什么。
——安东尼·罗宾
3. 一个能引发激情的普通念头，要比一个毫无启发意义的伟大思想更有成效。
——玛丽凯·艾施
4. 一个思想若称不上危险，那么它就不值得被称作思想。
——奥斯卡·王尔德
5. 新思想的诞生须经三个阶段：1）那不可能；2）那有可能，但没价值；3）我自始至终就知道那是个好主意。
——阿瑟·克拉克。