英语国家概况论文

A Comparative Study on Rail Transportation Between Chinaand The United StatesRailways have been shown to contribute to social economy because of its ability to transport large amounts of goods and passengers and naturally, railway transportatation plays an important part in China and The United States. Both of these two countries have achieve great success in this rail transportation field and, of course, they must have their specific problems in this field. This passage is going to make a comparative study on rail transportation between China and The United States, mainly focusing on the similarity and difference of, for one thing, the developmental level of Freight rail and passenger rail in two countries and for another, the development of high-speed rialway, which is tightly relative to passenger transport.For one thing, when it comes to the developmental level of Freight rail and passenger rail in two countries, it’s distinctive that, in the United States, Freight rail dominant the freight market in terms of freight turnover while the passenger transport proportion is very limited. In the USA, freight railway shared a percent of 35.7% in 2000 and this figure climbed to 39.5% in 2007, far higher than other modes of transportation. In 2009, America's freight railways had sent 29.79 million car goods and created a freight revenue of $49.4 billion.On the contrary, in terms of passenger transport turnover, 10 years, the national passenger rail company intercity passenger rail market share stood at 0.1%, far behind the other mode of transportation. Road passenger transport market share has remained at around 87%, and air is around 10%, which roses to 11.4% in 2009, but the urban traffic share at around 1%.By comparision, China seems to be more better in passenger transport. In China, one of the most different part in this aspect is that China's railway passenger flow and density is much higher than that in the United States. In 2010, the national railway transportation capacity is 1.67609 billion people, which means a year-on-year increase of 151.58 million people and a growth of 9.9%, accounting for 5.1% of all passenger traffic on the mode of transportation. Although the proportion is not high, but because China's large population, it still shoulder the responsibility of public welfare undertakings for railway passenger transport.From the point of operating passenger density, Chinese passenger density and density of China railway freight is far more than the United States. From the point of turnover, the American freight is approximately correspond to that in China, but the total freight is only half of China.For another, to talk about the development of high-speed rialway in two countries, there is no doubt that China has become one of the leader of world's high-speed rail. At the same time, the American railway development is rather slow. China began to build high-speed rail in order to pursue other countries like Japan, Germany. To the end of 2012, China has built more than 42 High-speed rail passenger routes. The total mileage will be 13000 Km, This will be the world's high-speed rail leader.But in the USA, in the 1978 To the1999 and even the 21st Years, the federal government only spent $183 on the railway transport, Accounting for only a total of transportation3.6%.The federal governmentestablish the kingdom Railway passenger transport company, Amtrak, in 1971, to strengthen northeast railway passenger service and investment channel promotion project. But it was still Continues to lose its share in the transportation. Distance too far between major cities, Lower gasoline prices,The developed high Speed highway and aviation system causethe problem that the United States has failed to develop high-speed rail for so long.To sum up, rail transportation is very important in both China and The United States but its also has different characteristic in both countries. In the United States, freight rail play as a leading role in the transportation of goods while in China, passenger flow and density is much more proficient. And to talk about high-speed rail, China can be regarded as aadvanced country rather than the United States. Reference:(1)"High-Speed Rail Strategic Plan: Press Release & Highlights"by U.S.Department of Transportation. April 16, 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-20.(2)“High-speed rail development in China and the United States” AmericanRailroads and the Transformation of the Ante-Bellum Economy Cambridge: Harvard University Press. pp. 14-157.(3)Hong Kong Information Services Department of the Hong Kong SARGovernment. Hong Kong 2009;(4)Puentes, R. (2008). A Bridge to Somewhere: Rethinking AmericanTransportation for the 21st Century. Brookings Institution Metropolitan Policy Report: Blueprint for American Prosperity series report.陈晓新·英师五班20120201089。