软物质chap_3-1

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软珊瑚Nephthea sp.次级代谢产物生物碱的研究

软珊瑚Ｎｐｔｅｐ次级代谢产物生物碱的研究ｅｈｈａｓ．
王长军，小建，石海廖徐
（暨南大学化学系，广东广州５０３）１６２
摘要：次从白蕙软珊瑚Ｎｐｔｅ．中分离得到含硒元素的已知化合物二苯基硒醚（）同时分离得到已知首ｅｈｈａｓｐ１，
生物碱，１的发现对进一步研究软珊瑚对硒元素代
谢具有一定的生理意义。
备受化学家和药理学家的广泛关注Ｌ。生物碱作２Ｊ
１实验部分
１１样品．
为天然产物家族重要的一类，因其数量众多，构结
样品软珊瑚Ｎｐｔｅｐｅｈｈａｓ．于２００７年５月采自
中国湛江硇洲岛，属由荷兰阿姆斯特丹大学Ｒｂ种ｏｖｎＳｅｔ授鉴定。标本现保存于暨南大学化学ａｏｓ教系有机化学教研室，号为２０－１编０７。０国Ｆｎｉａｉｎｇｎ公司ＴａｅＧ — ｒｃＣＭＳ气一联用仪；磁质核
上检测，剂为ＣＣ，内标为Ｔ；层色谱溶Ｄ１，ＭＳ薄
收稿日期：００１ —５修回日期：０－２１２１—２１；２１０－９１
基金项目：国家８３基金资助项目（０６Ａ９Ａ０）国家自然科学基金资助项目（０７０８６２０Ａ０７－８；２７２４）联系人简介：徐石海（９７），，１６－男教授，主要研究方向：天然产物化学。Ｅｉ：ｕｈｎｌｅｕｃｍａｔｓ＠ｊｉｄ．ｎｌｘ．

软物质在生物制造中的应用

软物质在生物制造中的应用随着科技的不断发展，软物质作为一种新兴的材料，被越来越多地应用于生物制造领域中。

软物质的特点是具有高度可调节性和自组装能力，能够模拟生物体内的柔软、可适应性的特性，因此被广泛应用于生物制造中的各个环节。

1. 生物传感器通过软物质材料的信号识别机制，可以制造出高度敏锐、灵敏的生物传感器。

软物质材料可以通过对多元化的刺激（如温度、pH值、电场、磁场等）的响应产生形态变化或导致颜色变化等效应，因此可以用于精准地检测生物样本中的分子和化合物，实现诊断和检测功能。

2. 医疗工具软物质材料的特点是柔软、伸展，其机械性能与人体组织相近，可以用于设计和制造具有良好生物适应性的医疗工具。

例如，瘢痕修复材料、软骨修复材料、动脉支架和心脏瓣膜等。

这些医疗工具均能通过模拟人体内部的柔软性和可调节性，减轻疼痛不适，提高治疗效果。

3. 纳米材料载体软物质材料能够充分调节纳米颗粒的表面化学特性，可用于制造纳米药物载体。

通过改变软物质的结构、组分及化学键等，可以实现药物释放的位置选择、释放速率调节，从而实现精准治疗，并减少对人体正常细胞的毒性副作用。

4. 组织工程软物质材料有独特的生物相容性、可支配性与自组装能力，因此广泛应用于组织工程领域。

通过与细胞相互作用，可以设计出能够形成合成组织的具有预定结构和功能的材料。

例如，可以利用蛋白质和多糖类物质制备出高粘度和高弹性的胶体材料。

这些胶体材料可以模拟细胞外基质的生物组织环境，实现体外重建组织和组织修复。

总之，软物质材料作为一种高度可调节和可自组装的材料，被广泛应用于生物制造领域。

在生物传感器、医疗工具、纳米材料载体和组织工程领域等多个应用领域都具有广泛的应用前景，为我们的生命科学研究与生产创造更为多元化和富有创新性的方向。

材料物理课件4软物质SoftMatter

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谢谢观赏
共同学习相互提高
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4 软物质: Soft Matter
软物质大多来自于有机物质，其结构常常介于固体和液体之间，从宏观尺度看不象晶体结构那样有完美的周期性。从原子、分子尺度看是完全无序的，但在介观尺寸下存在规则的结构。
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4 软物质: Soft Matter
软物质之所以表现出与固态和液态不同的特性，在于介观尺度下这种有序结构的出现：一方面，决定流体的热涨落和动力学相互作用支配着系统的行为；另一方面，介观尺度下受约束结构显示出类似于固体的行为。这两者共同的作用支配和操纵了软物质独特的性质。
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4 软物质: Soft Matter
常见的一些软物质体系：高分子聚合物、液晶、胶体、乳液、超分
子材料（双亲性分子）、以及生物大分子等。
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F = H - TS
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软物质自组织的形式
1. 超分子自组装
软物质体系由于附加自由度的作用可以自组织，最后形成附加自由度有序的自组织结构。
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4 软物质: Soft Matter
在外界作用下软物质的结构之所以发生根本性的变化从而导致剧烈的效果，这表明软物质是有其内部结构的。
软物质也被称为为复杂流体或结构液体，主要就是因为软物质在其柔软的背后存在着复杂的、有结多重构的特性。
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ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้

3R Anyty Microscope 03W 移动端软件使用手册说明书

3R Anyty Microscope 03W 移动端软件使用手册Ver 1.6北京爱迪泰克科技有限公司目录1.系统需求 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐ 1 ‐ 1.1硬件需求 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1 ‐1.2操作系统需求 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1 ‐2.软件安装 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐ 2 ‐3.开始使用 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐ 3 ‐4.功能介绍 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐ 4 ‐ 4.1 预览 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5 ‐4.1.1 功能菜单 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐ 5 ‐4.1.2 参数调节菜单 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐ 6 ‐4.1.3 分辨率选择菜单 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐ 8 ‐ 4.2 设置 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9 ‐4.2.1 AP客户端模式设置 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐ 9 ‐4.2.2 修改WiFi摄像头名称和密码 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐ 14 ‐4.2.3 保存照片到手机相册 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐ 16 ‐4.2.4 恢复默认设置 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐ 16 ‐ 4.3 相片、视频文件浏览 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐ 17 ‐4.3.1 相片改名 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐ 17 ‐4.3.2照片浏览 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐ 18 ‐4.3.3视频播放 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐ 21 ‐ 4.4 查看帮助 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐ 22 ‐1.系统需求1.1硬件需求iPhone3及以上或iPAD2及以上系列平板。

combine14

名称COMBIN14Element Reference（单元参考）> Part I （第一部分）. Element Library（单元库）>COMBIN14弹簧-阻尼器Spring-DamperMP ME ST <> <> PR <> <> <> PP EDCOMBIN14单元描述COMBIN14 具有1 维，2 维或3 维应用中的轴向或扭转的性能。

轴向的弹簧-阻尼器选项是一维的拉伸或压缩单元。

它的每个节点具有3个自由度： x,y,z的轴向移动。

它不能考虑弯曲或扭转。

扭转的弹簧-阻尼器选项是一个纯扭转单元。

它的每个节点具有3个自由度的：x,y,z的旋转。

它不能考虑弯曲或轴向力。

弹簧-阻尼器没有质量。

质量可以通过其他合适的质量单元添加（参阅MASS21)。

弹簧或阻尼特性可以在单元里去除。

参阅ANSYS, Inc.理论指南中的COMBIN14的更多介绍。

更一般的弹簧或阻尼单元可以用刚度矩阵单元 (MATRIX27)。

另一种弹簧-阻尼单元是COMBIN40, 它的作用方向由节点坐标方向决定。

Figure 14.1 COMBIN14几何形状2 维单元必须位于z=常数的平面内（即xy平面-译注）COMBIN14输入数据这个单元的几何形状，节点位置和坐标系统可以在“Figure 14.1 COMBIN14几何形状”中找到。

这个单元由两个节点，一个弹簧常数（k）和阻尼系数(c v)1 和 (c v)2组成。

阻尼特性不能用于静力或无阻尼的模态分析。

轴向弹簧常数的单位是“力/长度”，阻尼系数的单位是“力*时间/长度”。

扭转弹簧常数和阻尼系数的单位是“力*长度/弧度”和“力*长度*时间/弧度”。

对于2维轴对称问题，这些值应该基于360°。

单元的阻尼部分只是把阻尼系数传到结构阻尼矩阵。

阻尼力 (F) 或扭矩 (T) 由下式计算：F x = - c v du x/dt or Tθ = - c v d θ/dt这里 c v是阻尼系数，由c v = (c v)1 + (c v)2v式确定。

Victron Energy 数据通信协议选择指南说明书

IntroductionMany of our customers integrate our products into their own systems, using data communication protocols. There are several options to establish data communication. The purpose of this document is to explain the different options, and help you choose one.Communicating to a complete system? Use Modbus-TCPRather than going for direct communication with Inverters, battery monitors or Solar chargers, consider using ModbusTCP. This has two advantages:1.ModbusTCP is easier than most other protocols2.Retrieve precalculated system, as available on the Color Control GXLooking for internet related protocols? Use the JSON API or MQTTOnce uploaded to the VRM Portal by a Color Control GX, or another device running our Venus OS, the data can be requested via our VRM JSON API: https:///v2/docsBesides that API, MQTT is also available. More information here: https:///victronenergy/dbus-mqtt/blob/master/README.mdIntegrating into a Marine NMEA 2000 network? See our integration guide:https:///live/ve.can:nmea-2000:startMore informationAs a developer, make sure to also have a look at these three pages:1.An intro page of Victron Open source related work and pointers to various reading materials:https:///live/open_source:start2.The main wiki page of Venus OS, the OS that runs on our GX devices:https:///victronenergy/venus/wiki3.The Modifications section on our Community Forum. A forum where many developers help each other on ModbusTCP, MQTT, Node-Red,RaspberryPis, Grafana, Serial communication and many other topics.Products with data communicationThe following product lines have a data communication port, with protocol information available for 3rd parties: ArrayProtocol overviewVictron Energy B.V. | De Paal 35 | 1351 JG Almere | The Netherlands General phone: +31 (0)36 535 97 00 | E-mail: Page 2 of 13NMEA2000 Certified productsThis table lists all Victron products that have an NMEA2000 or VE.Can communication port, and the status of NMEA2000 certification. Note that theMake sure to read our NMEA 2000 & MFD integration guide: https:///live/ve.can:nmea-2000:startDetails per protocolVE.Can / NMEA2000Canbus is the preferred protocol for third parties to communicate with our products. Our CANbus protocol is based on the NMEA2000 and J1939 protocols.Further down in this document is a list per product with supported NMEA2000 PGNs. All data and settings that are not covered by the NMEA2000 standard PGNs are available through proprietary PGNs. More information is in the manuals of the Canbus-enabled products on our website, and in the document “VE.Can registers - public.docx”. Look for it on the Whitepapers page on our website.Detailed information on the NMEA2000 PGN’s is available for purchase on the NMEA website (). See the NMEA 2000® Appendix B POWER SUBSET.VE.DirectVE.Direct is a combination of what we used to call the HEX protocol and the BMV text protocol. It combines the advantages of both: in text-mode the products automatically transmit all important parameters every second. To implement code which reads and interprets this data is extremely simple. If more functionality is needed, such as changing settings, one can switch to the HEX protocol. Communication ports on new Victron products will always be either VE.Can or VE.Direct ports. The VE.Direct port is for products where a full Canbus connection adds to much cost. VE.Direct documentation is available on our website. Look for the VE.Direct Protocol document on: /support-and-downloads/whitepapers/. And see also the VE.Direct FAQ: https:///live/vedirect_protocol:faq.Victron Energy B.V. | De Paal 35 | 1351 JG Almere | The Netherlands General phone: +31 (0)36 535 97 00 | E-mail: Page 3 of 13Modbus TCPThe industry standard Modbus TCP is a well-known and open communication protocol, used in many PLCs and SCADA systems. The Victron Color Control GX acts as a Modbus-TCP gateway. Connect it to the Victron products that you want to monitor, and then communicate from your PLC to the Ethernet LAN port on the Color Control GX. It allows reading information, and writing operational parameters, such as Multi on/off and input current limiter settings. Changing configuration settings, such as battery capacity or float or absorption voltages, is not yet possible. Check the Color Control GX Datasheet to find out which products are supported by the Color Control GX.We use the default Modbus TCP port number, which is 502. The unit id, sometimes called ‘slave address’, specifies what product connected to the CCGX needs to be addressed. See the tab ‘Unit ID mapping’ in the Modbus-TCP excel sheet. The register addresses are listed on the first tab of the excel sheet, in column C. There are two data types, uint16 and int16. After receiving the value, divide it by the Scale factor to get the value in the unit as specified in column G.Download the list of registers from our website, look for the CCGX Modbus-TCP register list on /support-and-downloads/whitepapers/.The FAQ page as well as a commenting system to put questions is available on Victron Live: /live/ccgx:modbustcp_faqEthernet LAN switchVE.BusVE.DirectThe shown Multi and BMV are just an example. See Color Control datasheet for all compatible products.Victron Energy B.V. | De Paal 35 | 1351 JG Almere | The Netherlands Page 4 of 13VE.BusVE.Bus is our proprietary protocol used by the Inverters to synchronize their AC outputs. There are VE.Bus communication ports on our Inverters, Multi’s and Quattro’s. The synchronization feature is mission-critical. Direct third-party connections are not allowed. All interfacing has to be done via Modbus TCP (preferred), “VE.Bus to CANbus/NMEA2000 interface”, or via the MK2/MK3:MK2/MK3 ProtocolThe MK2.2 and MK3 provide a galvanically isolated connection to VE.Bus, and it translates the VE.Bus protocol into the “MK2/MK3 Protocol”. The MK2/MK3 Protocol allows reading information, turning the device on and off, changing the current limits and configuring a device. To download the document, look for the ‘Interfacing with VE.Bus products – MK2/MK3 protocol’ on: /support-and-downloads/whitepapers/Note that implementing the MK2/MK3 protocol is a task which is not to be underestimated. It is a complicated protocol, and unless there is a hugecommercial interest, we cannot give any support or help during the implementation(!). Make sure to have a look at Appendix 2 in that document, which is an annotated example for a typical UI.Note that there is no difference in protocol between the MK2 and MK3 interfaces.BMV-60xS Text Protocol (deprecated)All of our BMV-600’s feature a serial communication interface which allows simple access to detailed battery status information. This protocol only allows reading information from the battery monitor. Setting parameters or ‘synchronizing’ the BMV is not possible. Documentation is available on our website, look for the BMV60xS Text protocol: /support-and-downloads/whitepapers/. Note that this Text protocol is now part of the VE.Direct protocol. The successor of the BMV-600, the BMV-700, works with the VE.Direct protocol. See earlier in this document for more information on the VE.Direct protocol. (deprecated) is a proprietary protocol used by some of our control panels. Third party connections are not possible. New products will not be equipped with . They are equipped with VE.Can or VE.Direct instead.VE 9bit RS485 (deprecated)This protocol was used to communicate to our Multi’s and Quattro’s before they had paralleling and three phase capabilities. This protocol is no longer maintained. Documentation is not available.1 The Victron Interface MK2-USB is an MK2.2b with built-in RS232 to USB Converter.2 The Victron interface MK3-USB also has a built-in RS232 to USB Converter. There is no RS232 version of the MK3 available.3 The VE.Bus to VE.Can interface is the same as the VE.Bus to NMEA2000 interface. The only difference is the canbus connection. The VE.Bus to VE.Can interface has two RJ-45 sockets; the other one has the NMEA2000 Micro-c plug.4 The VE.Direct to VE.Can interface is the same as the VE.Direct to NMEA2000 interface. The only difference is the canbus connection. The VE.Direct to VE.Can interface has two RJ-45 sockets; the other one has the NMEA2000 Micro-c plug.5 Data, including historic data, can be accessed via https://. All data is stored in our database. Logs can be downloaded, see chapter “Getting the data from VRM”.Victron Energy B.V. | De Paal 35 | 1351 JG Almere | The Netherlands General phone: +31 (0)36 535 97 00 | E-mail: Page 5 of 13FAQ – GeneralQ1: Do I need an MK2 or MK3 for each product in a system with multiple VE.Bus products in parallel or three-phase? No. Per VE.Bus system you need only one of those interfaces.Q2: Do I need a VE.Bus to NMEA2000 interface for each product in a system with multiple VE.Bus products in parallel or three-phase? No. Per VE.Bus system you need only one of those interfaces.Q3. Why is it not possible that my application directly communicates with the Victron via VE.Bus messages?VE.Bus is our proprietary protocol used by the Inverters to synchronize their AC outputs. It is not possible to connect directly because as soon as other people are on that bus we cannot guarantee the proper working of paralleled and three-phase operations. Note that even in all our own display andcontrol products that talk to VE.Bus, for example the Color Control GX and the VE.Bus to NMEA2000 interface, we have an MK2/MK3 IC. So even at Victron we are not talking directly to VE.Bus.FAQ – Canbus communicationQ10: Which version of J1939 is actually implemented (J1939/11, J1939/15, J1939/14...)?We are using the NMEA2000 protocol, which is based on ISO 11783-3 (Datalink Layer) and ISO 11783-5 (Network management). ISO 11783-3 is virtually identical to the SAE data link layer SAE J1939-21. The network layer (ISO 1183-5) is based on SAE J1939-81. For more information, see also /content/nmea_standards/white_papers.asp . Q11: Is the bus speed 250kbps? Yes, the bus speed is 250kpbsQ12: Is the identifier extended (29-bits)?Yes, the ISO11783 standard defines the use of the extended identifier (29-bits). Q13: Are the data fields always 8 bytes long? Yes, the data fields are always 8 bytes long.Q14: Can you send us the PGN definition?This detailed documentation has to be bought from the NMEA website. You can buy the Power PGN’s at/store/index.asp?show=pdet&pid=322&cid=7. The product name is “NMEA 2000® Appendix B POWER SUBSET PGN (NMEA Network Messages) – Electronic”, USD 500,= for non-members. Note that for the VE.Bus AC messages you need some SAE documentation as well. More information on the used PGN’s is further down below in this document.Q15: Are all the messages broadcasted or do they have to be requested/polled?The important messages (AC status, Battery status, etc.) are broadcasted. Others have to be polled.Q16: Do I need to terminate the canbus?Yes you do. Use one 120Ohm 0,25W 5% resistor at both ends of the canbus. Connect it between CAN-H and CAN-L. Victron Energy sells a set of VE.Can terminators with part number ASS030700000.6 The Victron Global Remote has two communication ports. It can connect to a BMV and a VE.Bus product or system at the same time.7 The Victron Ethernet Remote has only one communication port, it can connect to one device.8Data can be accessed via a local, password secured, website, running on a web server in the Victron Ethernet Remote. Note that only the current values can be accessed. Historic data is not available on the local web server.Victron Energy B.V. | De Paal 35 | 1351 JG Almere | The Netherlands Page 6 of 13Q17: Do I need to power the canbus?That differs per product. Some products power the canbus themselves others don`t. To power the canbus, supply anywhere between 9 and 36Volts to V+ and V-. See also the pin outs below. A small list at the time of writing:Skylla-i Powers the canbus, isolated Skylla-IP44 Powers the canbus, non-isolated Lynx Shunt VE.Can Powers the canbus, isolated Lynx Ion BMS Powers the canbus, isolated Lynx Ion + Shunt Powers the canbus, isolated Lynx Ion Does not power the canbus, depends on the Lynx Shunt VE.Can to power both the VE.Can and the BMS canbus Color Control GX Does not power the canbus, and needs a powered canbus to operate VE.Bus to NMEA2000 interface Does not power the canbus, and needs a powered canbus to operate VE.Bus to VE.Can interface Does not power the canbus, and needs a powered canbus to operate BMV-60xS to NMEA2000 interface Does not power the canbus, and needs a powered canbus to operate VE.Direct to NMEA2000 interface Does not power the canbus, and needs a powered canbus to operate VE.Direct to VE.Can interface Does not power the canbus, and needs a powered canbus to operate BlueSolar MPPT 150/70 Does power the canbus, not isolated. See manual for info on a resistor that is mounted to prevent ground loops.The mentioned 9 to 36Volt is conform the NMEA2000 standards. Most of our products accept an input voltage from 7 to 70VDC, see the datasheets. Q18: What is the difference between NMEA2000 and VE.Can?The only difference is in the physical connection and the isolation: VE.Can NMEA2000 Physical connector RJ-45 Micro-C Isolation Differs per product, see Q17 above and/ordatasheetAlwaysQ19: What is the pin out of VE.Can?The two RJ-45 sockets on each product that has VE.Can are paralleled. Note that we use RJ-45 also for VE.Bus or connections, see the datasheet to make sure that your product has a VE.Can connection.added. The Skylla-i uses only pin 3 and 6 for power delivery. The Lynx Shunt VE.Can, as well as all later products, use pins 1, 2, 3 and 6. Q20: What is the pin out of NMEA-2000? Q21: I do not want to implement the full ACL procedure, what fixed source address shall I use?Address 0xFE is reserved for when you cannot perform an ACL (Address Claim) procedure. You are free to use this address. See also Q24. Q22: What is Victron’s NMEA2000 manufacturer code? It is 358 (0x166)NET-C / V- (see note below) NET-S / V+ (see note below)Victron Energy B.V. | De Paal 35 | 1351 JG Almere | The Netherlands General phone: +31 (0)36 535 97 00 | E-mail: Page 7 of 13Q23: Instances: I have multiple BMV’s (or another canbus product) in the same network, how do I address them?You need to use instances to differentiate between multiple similar products in the same network. There are different types of instances within NMEA2000:Device instanceThe device instance is sent in PGN 0xEE00, ISO Address Claim, as a combined field of Device Instance Lower (ISO ECU Instance) and Device Instance Upper (ISO Function Instance).The Device instance is used by Victron chargers (Skylla-i/-IP44, VE.Can MPPTs) to configure them in the same group and synchronize them.Data instances (Battery Instance, DC Detailed Instance, Switch bank instance, etc.)These instances are embedded in the different PGN’s. All Victron products support changing these instances through a complex write, PGN 0x1ED00, Complex Request Group Function Code 5, write fields.System instanceThe system instance is also sent in PGN 0xEE00, field 8. It is not used. All Victron products do support changing this instance by sending a complex command.Instance conflictsIf you have connected multiple products sending out the same PGN with the same data instance number, you might encounter a data instance conflict. Typically this can be seen on display’s showing an alternating value. E.g. The VE.Direct to NMEA2000 interface and VE.Bus to NMEA2000 interface are both sending out PGN 127508 with Battery instance 0. To solve this issue one of the Battery instances needs to be changed to another (unique) number. We recommend to change the Battery instance of the VE.Bus to NMEA2000 instance to 5.More information about changing instances is here: /documentation/ve.can:changing_nmea2000_instances .Display manufacturersThe display manufacturers may use different types of instances to show data for multiple batteries, inverters or chargers. For more information about MFD integration, please visit https:///live/ve.can:nmea-2000:start .Q24: Do the Victron VE.Can and NMEA2000 products used fixed network address or do they support NMEA address claim ISO 602928? All our products have implemented the address claim procedure. See also Q21.Q25: I want to read the State of Charge (0 to 100%) as calculated by the Multis and Quattros. I do understand that this SOC is only reliable if there are no DC loads or other battery chargers in the system (almost impossible on a boat, but in a self-consumption system this is very possible). And I cannot find the SOC in the PGNs.Correct, the information is in PGN 127506, but transmission of that PGN is disabled by default, because it is not valid in all systems. To enable transmission of this PGN, change the transmission interval. To do this at protocol level, see NMEA2000 documentation, PGN 126208 - NMEA - Request group function (field 1 = 0x00). And then field 3, transmission interval. To do this at PC level, use Actisense NMEA Reader or other PC software that has this functionality.Q26: Which products have a bag of VE.Can RJ-45 terminators included? These products are shipped with two pieces of VE.Can RJ-45 terminators:- Color Control GX - MPPT 150/70 and MPPT 150/85 Solar Charge Controllers - Lynx Ion + Shunt all models - Lynx Ion BMS all models - Lynx Shunt VE.Can - VE.Bus to VE.Can interface - VE.Direct to VE.Can interface - Skylla-i control - CANUSBThese products are shipped without:- Ion Control (not necessary since terminators are included with the Lynx Ion + Shunt) - BMV-60xS to VE.Can interface - VE.Can to NMEA2000 Micro-C male cable - VE.Can resistive tank sensor (not necessary, terminators are included with the CCGX)Note that it will normally not be necessary to purchase the terminators separately.Victron Energy B.V. | De Paal 35 | 1351 JG Almere | The Netherlands Page 8 of 13Canbus PGN overview per productUse below tables to see where to find what data. There is a freely available PDF file on the NMEA2000 website that also gives a good overview. Go to /content/nmea_standards/downloads.asp , and then the link called “NMEA2000 Parameter Group Descriptions (Messages) with Field Description”. To get the detailed information in order to decode the PGNs, see Q14 in the FAQs.(field 1) are the same number. Changing one of the instances will change all of the mentioned instances.See the VE.Bus to NMEA2000 interface manual for more details (https:///accessories/ve-bus-to-nmea2000-interface ). Note that the Skylla-i/-IP44 will switch off when there is no mains available. It will therefore also stop sending and responding to Canbus messages.9The AC Input Status PGN 127503 is not present on the Skylla-IP44Victron Energy B.V. | De Paal 35 | 1351 JG Almere | The Netherlands General phone: +31 (0)36 535 97 00 | E-mail: Page 9 of 13The Battery instance for PGNs 127508 can be changed. After you did that, you can still distinguish between the Battery and PV information by looking at the DC detailed status PGN, 127506 0x1F212. It will report the DC Type, field 3, as Battery or Solar Cell. Field 2, DC Instance, equals the Battery instance in the Battery Status PGN for battery and solar information.• Battery instance 0 and DC Instance 0 are the same instance number, only the name is different in the NMEA2000 documentation.• Above table is valid for the latest firmware version of the VE.Direct to NMEA2000 interface cable, v1.06. Previous firmware versions used PGN127502 instead of 127501 to report relay and alarm status.See the manual of the VE.Direct to NMEA2000 Interface for more details (https:///accessories/ve-direct-to-nmea2000-interface ).•Both the Lynx Ion and the Lynx Shunt VE.Can are sending Battery pack voltage and Battery pack current. Distinction can only be made on product id.•Battery instance 0 and DC Instance 0 are the same•One or more 24V 180Ah batteries together in one system are a Battery pack.•One 24V 180Ah battery, consisting of 8 cells is a Battery.Page 10 of 13 Victron Energy B.V. | De Paal 35 | 1351 JG Almere | The NetherlandsVictron Energy B.V. | De Paal 35 | 1351 JG Almere | The Netherlands General phone: +31 (0)36 535 97 00 | E-mail: *********************** Page 11 of 13DEPRECATED: Getting data from VRM with wgetUse the JSON API for this, instead of wget. See: https:///v2/docsDEPRECATED: VRM Juice APIUse the new JSON VRM API, instead of Juice. See https:///v2/docsLinks to interesting productsNote that we have not tested all these products, and they are not affiliated to Victron Energy in any way. We do not take any responsibility. Consider using our own Color Control GX as the Victron to ModbusTCP converter, instead of below products.1.NMEA2000 to Modbus RS485 converter by Offshore Systems (UK) Ltd:/3155.htm2.Converters from NMEA2000 to a variety of protocols, one of them is Modbus:/home/products/NMEA2000_Conveters.asp?frompg=nav14_23.RS232 to Ethernet/LAN Converter. Works well with the BMV Text Protocol. With the MK2/MK3 Protocol it is not very stable. The ATOP SE5001-S2/en/productList2.php?pl1_id=2Victron Energy B.V. | De Paal 35 | 1351 JG Almere | The Netherlands General phone: +31 (0)36 535 97 00 | E-mail: *********************** Page 12 of 13Document HistoryVictron Energy B.V. | De Paal 35 | 1351 JG Almere | The Netherlands General phone: +31 (0)36 535 97 00 | E-mail: *********************** Page 13 of 13。

ARTISAN TECHNOLOGY GROUP 质量用途设备来源说明书

DL205PLC User Manual Volume1of2Manual Number:D2-USER-MNotesDL205 PLC USER MANUALNotesVolume One: Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iVolume Two: Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiChapter 1: Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1–1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1–2 The Purpose of this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1–2 Where to Begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1–2 Supplemental Manuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1–2 Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1–2 Conventions Used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1–3 Key Topics for Each Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1–3 DL205 System Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1–4 CPUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1–4 Bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1–4 I/O Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1–4 I/O Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1–4 DL205 System Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1–5 Programming Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1–7 Direct SOFT Programming for Windows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1–7 Handheld Programmer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1–7 Direct LOGIC™ Part Numbering System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1–8 Quick Start for PLC Validation and Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1–10 Steps to Designing a Successful System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1–13Chapter 2: Installation, Wiring and Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–1 Safety Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–2Table of ContentsPlan for Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–2 Three Levels of Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–3 Emergency Stops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–3 Emergency Power Disconnect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–4 Orderly System Shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–4 Class 1, Division 2, Approval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–4Mounting Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–5 Base Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–5 Panel Mounting and Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–6 Enclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–7 Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–8 Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–8 Marine Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–9 Agency Approvals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–924 VDC Power Bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–9Installing DL205 Bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–10 Choosing the Base Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–10 Mounting the Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–10 Using Mounting Rails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–11Installing Components in the Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–12Base Wiring Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–13 Base Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–13I/O Wiring Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–14 PLC Isolation Boundaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–14 Powering I/O Circuits with the Auxiliary Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–15 Powering I/O Circuits Using Separate Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–16 Sinking / Sourcing Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–17 I/O “Common” Terminal Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–18 Connecting DC I/O to “Solid State” Field Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–19 Solid State Input Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–19 Solid State Output Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–19 Relay Output Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–21 Surge Suppression For Inductive Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–21I/O Modules Position, Wiring, and Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–25 Slot Numbering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–25 Module Placement Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–25Table of ContentsSpecial Placement Considerations for Analog Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–26 Discrete Input Module Status Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–26 Color Coding of I/O Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–26 Wiring the Different Module Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–27 I/O Wiring Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–28D2-08ND3, DC Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–29D2-16ND3-2, DC Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–29D2–32ND3, DC Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–30D2–32ND3–2, DC Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–31D2-08NA-1, AC Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–32D2-08NA-2, AC Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–33D2-16NA, AC Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–34F2-08SIM, Input Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–34D2-04TD1, DC Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–35D2–08TD1, DC Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–36D2–08TD2, DC Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–36D2–16TD1–2, DC Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–37D2–16TD2–2, DC Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–37F2–16TD1(2)P, DC Output With Fault Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–38F2–16TD1P, DC Output With Fault Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–39F2–16TD2P, DC Output with Fault Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–40D2–32TD1, DC Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–41D2–32TD2, DC Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–41F2–08TA, AC Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–42D2–08TA, AC Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–42D2–12TA, AC Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–43D2–04TRS, Relay Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–44D2–08TR, Relay Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–45F2–08TR, Relay Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–46F2–08TRS, Relay Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–47D2–12TR, Relay Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–48 D2–08CDR 4 pt., DC Input / 4pt., Relay Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–49 Glossary of Specification Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2–50Chapter 3: CPU Specifications and Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–1 CPU Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–2 General CPU Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–2 DL230 CPU Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–2 DL240 CPU Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–2 DL250–1 CPU Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–3 DL260 CPU Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–3CPU General Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–4 CPU Base Electrical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–5 CPU Hardware Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–6 Communication Port Pinout Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–6 Port 1 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–7 Port 2 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–8 Selecting the Program Storage Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–9 Built-in EEPROM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–9 EEPROM Sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–9 EEPROM Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–9 Installing the CPU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–10 Connecting the Programming Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–10 CPU Setup Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–11 Status Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–12 Mode Switch Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–12 Changing Modes in the DL205 PLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–13 Mode of Operation at Power-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–13Using Battery Backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–14 DL230 and DL240 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–14 DL250-1 and DL260 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–14 Battery Backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–14 Auxiliary Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–15 Clearing an Existing Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–16 Initializing System Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–16Setting the Clock and Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–16 Setting the CPU Network Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–17 Setting Retentive Memory Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–17 Using a Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–18 Setting the Analog Potentiometer Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–19 CPU Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–21 CPU Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–21 Program Mode Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–22 Run Mode Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–22 Read Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–23 Read Inputs from Specialty and Remote I/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–23 Service Peripherals and Force I/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–23 CPU Bus Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–24 Update Clock, Special Relays and Special Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–24 Solve Application Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–25 Solve PID Loop Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–25 Write Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–25 Write Outputs to Specialty and Remote I/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–26 Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–26 I/O Response Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–27 Is Timing Important for Your Application? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–27 Normal Minimum I/O Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–27 Normal Maximum I/O Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–27 Improving Response Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–28 CPU Scan Time Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–29 Initialization Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–30 Reading Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–30 Reading Inputs from Specialty I/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–31 Service Peripherals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–31 CPU Bus Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–32 Update Clock/Calendar, Special Relays, Special Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–32 Writing Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–32 Writing Outputs to Specialty I/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–33 Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–33 Application Program Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–34 PLC Numbering Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–35PLC Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–35 V–Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–36 Binary-Coded Decimal Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–36 Hexadecimal Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–36Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–37 Octal Numbering System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–37 Discrete and Word Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–37 V–Memory Locations for Discrete Memory Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–37 Input Points (X Data Type) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–38 Output Points (Y Data Type) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–38 Control Relays (C Data Type) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–38 Timers and Timer Status Bits (T Data type) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–38 Timer Current Values (V Data Type) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–39 Counters and Counter Status Bits (CT Data type) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–39 Counter Current Values (V Data Type) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–39 Word Memory (V Data Type) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–39 Stages (S Data type) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–40 Special Relays (SP Data Type) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–40 Remote I/O Points (GX Data Type) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–40DL230 System V-memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–41DL240 System V-memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–43DL250–1 System V-memory (DL250 also) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–46DL260 System V-memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–49DL205 Aliases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–52DL230 Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–53DL240 Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–54DL250–1 Memory Map (DL250 also) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–55DL260 Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–56X Input/Y Output Bit Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–57Control Relay Bit Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–59Stage Control/Status Bit Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–63Timer and Counter Status Bit Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–65Remote I/O Bit Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–66Chapter 4: System Design and Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–1DL205 System Design Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–2 I/O System Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–2 Networking Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–2Module Placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–3 Slot Numbering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–3 Module Placement Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–3 Automatic I/O Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–4 Manual I/O Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–4 Removing a Manual Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–5 Power–On I/O Configuration Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–5 I/O Points Required for Each Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–6Calculating the Power Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–7 Managing your Power Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–7 CPU Power Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–7 Module Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–7 Power Budget Calculation Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–9 Power Budget Calculation Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–10 Local Expansion I/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–11 D2–CM Local Expansion Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–11 D2–EM Local Expansion Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–12 D2–EXCBL–1 Local Expansion Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–12 DL260 Local Expansion System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–13 DL250–1 Local Expansion System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–14 Expansion Base Output Hold Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–15 Enabling I/O Configuration Check using Direct SOFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–16 Expanding DL205 I/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–17 I/O Expansion Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–17 Ethernet Remote Master, H2-ERM(-F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–17 Ethernet Remote Master Hardware Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–18 Installing the ERM Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–19 Ethernet Base Controller, H2-EBC(100)(-F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–22 Install the EBC Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–23 Set the Module ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–23 Insert the EBC Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–23 Network Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–2410BaseFL Network Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–25 Maximum Cable Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–25 Add a Serial Remote I/O Master/Slave Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–26 Configuring the CPU’s Remote I/O Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–27 Configure Remote I/O Slaves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–29 Configuring the Remote I/O Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–29 Remote I/O Setup Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–30 Remote I/O Test Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–31 Network Connections to Modbus and Direct Net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–32 Configuring Port 2 For Direct Net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–32 Configuring Port 2 For Modbus RTU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–32 Modbus Port Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–33 Direct NET Port Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–34 Network Slave Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–35 Modbus Function Codes Supported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–35 Determining the Modbus Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–35 If Your Host Software Requires the Data Type and Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–35 If Your Modbus Host Software Requires an Address ONLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–38 Example 1: V2100 584/984 Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–40 Example 2: Y20 584/984 Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–40 Example 3: T10 Current Value 484 Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–40 Example 4: C54 584/984 Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–40 Determining the Direct NET Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–40 Network Master Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–41 Communications from a Ladder Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–44 Multiple Read and Write Interlocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–44 Network Modbus RTU Master Operation (DL260 only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–45 Modbus Function Codes Supported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–45 Modbus Port Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–46 RS–485 Network (Modbus only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–47 RS–232 Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–47 Modbus Read from Network (MRX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–48 MRX Slave Memory Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–49 MRX Master Memory Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–49 MRX Number of Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–49 MRX Exception Response Buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–49 Modbus Write to Network (MWX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4–50。

ARTISAN技术组合购物指南说明书

User's Guidee-mail: ************** GPIB HARDWARE MANUAL FOR USE WITHPCI-GPIB, ISA-GPIB142.6 CPCI-GPIB (12)2.5 PC104-GPIB (11)2.4.2 Windows 3.1 (11)2.4.1 Windows 95 (10)2.4 PCM-GPIB (8)2.3 ISA-GPIB/LC (6)2.2 ISA-GPIB (5)2.1 PCI-GPIB (5)CHAPTER TWO: INSTALLATION ...................31.2.3 Connection Configurations . (2)1.2.2 GPIB Electrical Signal Configuration (1)1.2.1 Talkers, Listeners, and Controllers (1)1.2 GPIB SYSTEM DESCRIPTION (1)1.1 HISTORY (1)CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ......................Chapter One: INTRODUCTION1.1 HISTORYThe GPIB (General Purpose Interface Bus) has become the worldwide standard for connecting instruments to computers. Invented in the 1960s by Hewlett Packard and originally designated as HPIB, the bus specification was eventually adopted by a wide variety of both instrument and computer manufacturers. The original specification was documented and sanctioned by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers as IEEE-488.The advent of the inexpensive and powerful personal computer has driven the GPIB market through explosive growth. As GPIB bus usage expanded, there arose the need for some additional capability and standardization, so in 1987, IEEE-488.2 was adopted. IEEE-488.2 was revised/ammended in 1992 and represents the current GPIB specification. The new specification provides some standardization among compliant instruments. These standardization greatly simplifies the job of the GPIB system designer since 488.2 compliant instruments share common programming conventions.1.2 GPIB SYSTEM DESCRIPTION1.2.1 Talker s, Listeners, and ControllersA GPIB device can be a Talker, Listener, and/or Controller. As the name implies a Talker sends data to one or more Listeners, A Listener accepts data from a Talker and a Controller manages the flow of information over the bus. A GPIB Digital Voltmeter is acting as a Listener as its input configurations and ranges are set, and then as a Talker when it actually sends its readings to the computer.The Controller is in charge of all communications over the bus. The Controller’s job is to make sure only one device tries to talk at a time, and make sure the correct Lis-teners are paying attention when the Talker talks. Each GPIB system has a single sys-tem controller. The system controller is ultimately in charge of the bus, and is in control as the bus is powered up. There can be more than one Controller on the bus and the System Controller can pass active control to another controller capable device, though only one can be Controller In Charge at a given time. TheGPIB board is usually designated as the System Controller.1.2.2 GPIB Electrical Signal Configuration1The GPIB is an 8-bit parallel data transfer bus. In addition to the 8 data bits, the bus carries three handshaking lines and five GPIB specific management and control lines. The remainder of the standard 24 pin GPIB cable is used for the cable shield, signal grounds and returns. The GPIB connector pin-out is shown in the diagram below:Standard GPIB Cable/ConnectorDATA LINESDIO1 through DIO8 are the data transfer bits. Most GPIB systems send 7-bit data and use the eight bit as a parity or disregard it entirely2HANDSHAKING LINESThere are three handshaking lines that control the data transfer between devices.NRFD (Not Ready For Data): this bit is used to indicate the readiness (or lack thereof) of a device to accept dataDAV (Data Valid): bit is used to indicate to receiving devices that data has been placed on the bus and is available to read.NDAC (Not Data Accepted): is asserted by the receiving device to indicate that data has been read and may now be removed from the bus.SYSTEM MANAGEMENT LINESATN (Attention): is used by the controller to specify how data on the DIO lines is interpreted and which devices must respond to the dataIFC (Interface Clear): is used by the system controller to place the entire system in a known quiescent (Cleared) state and to assert itself as Controller In Charge (CIC).SRQ (Service Request): is used by a device on the bus to indicate the need for atten-tion and requests an interrupt of the current event sequence.REN (Remote Enable): is used by the controller in conjunction with other messages to place a device on the bus into either remote or local modeEOI (End or Identify): Is used by Talkers to indicate the end of a message string, or is used by the Controller to command a polling sequence.1.2.3 Connection ConfigurationsThe GPIB specification is quite definitive regarding the number of devices and cable lengths allowed in a GPIB system. There can be no more than 15 devices on a single contiguous GPIB bus. Larger systems are possible by installing additional GPIB inter-face boards in your computerThe maximum, total length of all cables on a single GPIB system is 20 meters. In addition, cable length between consecutive devices may be no greater than 4 meters, and average cable length must be 2 meters or less. Stated another way, the total cable length (in meters) in the system may not be longer than 2 times the number of devices (up to 20 meters). Longer length systems are possible, but only with the use of a GPIB extender card.In addition to the above rules, at least two thirds of all devices on the bus should be powered on for proper operation.3Keeping the above constraints in mind, there is no limitation on the actual connection scheme used to connect the GPIB devices together. Star, Linear or any combination of both may be used. These are shown in the following diagrams.4,QVWUXPHQW &,QVWUXPHQW ',QVWUXPHQW $,QVWUXPHQW %Linear C onnectionC onfiguration ,QVWUXPHQW ',QVWUXPHQW &,QVWUXPHQW (,QVWUXPHQW $,QVWUXPHQW %S tar C onnectionC onfigurationChapter Two: INSTALLATION The following sections describe the hardware installation procedure for GPIB boards. After hardware installation, please refer to your GPIB software installation guide for additional setup and operation details.2.1 PCI-GPIBThe PCI-GPIB board is completely plug and play. To install this board into your sys-tem follow the simple steps shown below.1. Turn your computer off2. Open your computer case3. Insert the PCI-GPIB into any available PCI slot4. Put your computer’s case back on.5. Turn your computer back on, and follow the instructionsin the GPIB software manual you received with your board.52.2 ISA-GPIBThe only hardware configuration required prior to installing the ISA-GPIB/LC is set-ting the board’s Base Address switch. The location of the Base Address switch is shown in the photograph above, while the switch itself is shown in the diagram on the following page.Most computers will have Base Address 300 Hex (768 decimal) free and the default setting of the board is 300 Hex. If there is already a board in your system using address 300 HEX (768 Decimal), you will have to change the board’s base address prior to installing it in your computer. Other typically free addresses include 310 Hex and 330 Hex.6The following diagram shows the base address in its default 300 Hex setting.987 6 5 4S V65LThe address values corresponding to each of the switches are shown in the following table.Hex Dec.Switch Value Value Default9 200 512 up (200 Hex)8 100 256 up (100 Hex)7 80 128 down (0 Hex)6 40 64 down (0 Hex)5 20 32 down (0 Hex)4 10 16 down (0 Hex)-----------------total 300 HexNote: On this base address switch, Up is on, Down is off. This con-figuration is the opposite of most ISA baseddata acquisition boards.72.3 ISA-GPIB/LCThe following diagram shows the base address in its default 300 Hex setting.987654S V65LThe address values corresponding to each of the switches are shown in the following table.Hex Dec.Switch Value Value Default9200512up (200 Hex)8100256up (100 Hex)7 80128down (0 Hex)6 40 64down (0 Hex)5 20 32down (0 Hex)4 10 16down (0 Hex)-----------------total300 HexNote: On this base address switch, Up is on, Down is off. This con-figuration is the opposite of most ISA based data acquisitionboards.92.4 PCM-GPIBThe installation procedure is different for Windows 95 and DOS/Windows 3.1. These procedures are described below:10:LQGRZVThe PCM-GPIB board is completely plug and play. There are no switches or jumpers to set prior to installation in your computer. Simply follow the steps shown below to install you PCM-GPIB hardware. Once your hardware is installed, please refer to the GPIB-488.2 software manual.1. Start Windows 952. Insert the card into a free PC Card/PCMCIA slot. You do not have toturn the computer off. The system is designed for power on installation.3. Windows 95 will automatically detect the card and depending on theversion of Windows 95 you have, you will either see a New HardwareFound dialog box or a Update Device Driver Wizard box.4. Insert PCM-GPIB Disk 1 into your A drive and follow the instructionsprovided by the dialog box/wizard..If no New Hardware Found dialog box appears, check that you computer’s 32-bit PCMCIA drivers are enabled. This can be checked using the following Windows 95 sequence. Start>Settings>Control Panel>System and look in Performance section. It should read 32-bit. If not, enable 32-bit, shut down your computer and try the above procedure again.:LQGRZVMost users are now installing boards on systems with at least Windows 95 operating systems. However, if you wish to install the PCM-GPIB board in a machine running Windows 3.1 and/or DOS, you will need to use the DOS based Card & Socket serv-ices routine. This is included with most newer computers. However, if you need to purchase these routines, they are available as part number PCM-C&SS from Com-puterBoards for a nominal price. To run the C&SS installation routines, place the PCM-C&SS disk in drive a:, from your boot drive (usually C:) type A:Install and hit enter. Then simply follow the instructions on your screen.The PCM-GPIB hardware is completely plug and play. There are no switches or jumpers to set prior to installation in your computer. Once your hardware is installed, please refer to the GPIB-488.2 software manual.112.5 PC104-GPIBThe only hardware configuration required prior to installing the ISA-GPIB/LC is set-ting the board’s Base Address switch. The location of the Base Address switch is shown in the photograph above, while the switch itself is shown in the diagram on the following page.Most computers will have Base Address 300 Hex (768 decimal) free and the default setting of the board is 300 Hex. If there is already a board in your system using address 300 HEX (768 Decimal), you will have to change the board’s base address prior to installing it in your computer. Other typically free addresses include 310 Hex and 330 Hex.12The following diagram shows the base address in its default 300 Hex setting.987654S V65LThe address values corresponding to each of the switches are shown in the following table.Hex Dec.Switch Value Value Default9200512up (200 Hex)8100256up (100 Hex)7 80128down (0 Hex)6 40 64down (0 Hex)5 20 32down (0 Hex)4 10 16down (0 Hex)-----------------total300 HexNote: On this base address switch, Up is on, Down is off. This con-figuration is the opposite of most PC104 based data acquisitionboards.132.6 CPCI-GPIBThe CPCI-GPIB board is completely plug and play. To install this board install this board into you system follow the simple steps shown below.1. Turn your computer off2. Open your computer front panel (if enclosed)3. Insert the CPCI-GPIB into any available 3U CPCI slot4. Put your computer’s case back on (optional).5. Turn your computer back on, and follow the instructionsin the GPIB software manual you received with your board.14EC Declaration of ConformityDescriptionPart Number Computer to GPIB interface Computer to GPIB interface Computer to GPIB interface Computer to GPIB interface Computer to GPIB interface Computer to GPIB interface ISA-GPIBISA-GPIB/LCPCI-GPIBPC104-GPIBPCM-GPIB CPCI-GPIBto which this declaration relates, meets the essential requirements, is in conformitywith, and CE marking has been applied according to the relevant EC Directives listedbelow using the relevant section of the following EC standards and other normativedocuments:EU EMC Directive 89/336/EEC : Essential requirements relating to electromagneticcompatibility.EU 55022 Class B : Limits and methods of measurements of radio interferencecharacteristics of information technology equipment.EN 50082-1: EC generic immunity requirements.IEC 801-2: Electrostatic discharge requirements for industrial process measurementand control equipment.IEC 801-3: Radiated electromagnetic field requirements for industrial processmeasurements and control equipment.IEC 801-4: Electrically fast transients for industrial process measurement and controlequipment.Carl Haapaoja, Director of Quality Assurance。

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX系统操作手册【模板】

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX系统操作手册-------TRICONEX目录1.TriStation 1131操作手册 (2)2.Triconex SOE 操作手册 (8)3.Enhanced Diagnostic 诊断软件操作手册 (11)4.DDE Server 操作手册 (15)5.InTouth 操作手册 (18)6.特殊操作注释 (24)第一章TriStation 1131操作手册1.1 1131编程变量前缀，所有程序均按照此前缀编写逻辑1.2 登录到1131软件，打开软件界面在程序文件夹中双击图标，弹出：输入用户名（MANAGER）和密码(password)打开程序，在左面的菜单栏中如图所示：选择控制器画面，然后选择控制器双击连接，选择单击控制器连接，以使软件与控制器连接。

1.3 进入逻辑程序选择OK，双击右侧打开程序要看其中某一个逻辑可以双击打开需要选择的逻辑，然后选择连接并打开。

每个逻辑的都注有说明用来解释该逻辑功能，如图所示：1.4 进入逻辑块在进入到需要的程序块后，可以通过以下方式进入到每一逻辑块的每一页程序，选择可以直接看该逻辑中的某一页程序选择参数设置A组，然后按进入程序（或双击）。

1.5 在线情况修改报警值，连锁值在这个逻辑中可以修改报警联锁值，a. 双击修改报警值位号b. 选择“Disable”，然后写入新的报警联锁值(555)，然后按Confirm , 新联锁值改为，然后选择Enable,修改结束。

1.6 在程序中查找逻辑中位号a. 如果不知道变量在具体哪个程序中,可以在程序文件中进行完全搜索:选择菜单栏上的，选择然后输入位号，然后点Find,搜索后，如下图：发现要找的LT_26121在程序中，然后在右侧边栏中找到相应程序并双击，如图：，就找到了相应变量。

b. 如果知道变量在具体哪个程序中，可以打开该程序，然后快捷键ctrl+F，如下图：然后选择Find First查找到第一个位置，然后选择Find Next向后查找，直到全部搜索结束。

什么是PLC软元件

什么是PLC软元件软元件是plc内部具有一定功能的器件，这些器件由电子电路和寄存器及存储器单元等组成，主要包括以下器件。

1)输入继电器(I)输入继电器一般有一个PLC的输入端子与之对应,它用于接收外部开关信号。

外部的开关信号闭合，则输入继电器的线圈得电,在程序中其常开触点闭合，常闭触点断开。

2）输出继电器(Q)输出继电器一般有一个PLC的输出端子与之对应。

当通过程序使输出继电器线圈得电时,PLC上的输出端开关闭合，它可以作为控制外部负载的开关信号，同时在程序中其常开触点闭合,常闭触点断开。

3)通用辅助继电器(M）通用辅助继电器的作用和继电器控制系统中的中间继电器相同，它在PLC中没有输入／输出端子与之对应，因此它的触点不能驱动外部负载。

4）特殊继电器(SM）有些辅助继电器具有特殊功能或用来存储系统的状态变量、控制参数和信息，我们称其为特殊继电器。

5）变量存储器(V）变量存储器用来存储变量。

它可以存放程序执行过程中控制逻辑操作的中间结果,也可以使用变量存储器来保存与工序或任务相关的其他数据.6)局部变量存储器(L）局部变量存储器用来存放局部变量。

局部变量与变量存储器所存储的全局变量十分相似,主要区别在于全局变量是全局有效的，而局部变量是局部有效的.7）顺序控制继电器(S)有些PLC中也把顺序控制继电器称为状态器。

顺序控制继电器用在顺序控制或步进控制中.8)定时器定时器是PLC中重要的编程元件，是累计时间增量的内部器件。

9)计数器（C）计数器用来累计输入脉冲的个数，经常用来对产品进行计数或进行特定功能的编程。

10）模拟量输入映像寄存器（AI)、模拟量输出映像寄存器(AQ)模拟量输入电路用以实现模拟量／数字量( A/D)之间的转换，而模拟量输出电路用以实现数字量／模拟量( D/A)之间的转换。

11）高速计数器(HC）一般计数器的计数频率受扫描周期的影响,不能太高，而高速计数器可累计比CPU的扫描速度更快的事件。

chatglm3 用法

chatglm3 用法ChatGLM3是一个基于预训练语言模型的聊天机器人平台，它可以帮助用户与AI进行交互，并获得相应的回答和反馈。

以下是ChatGLM3的基本用法：首先，用户需要注册并登录ChatGLM3平台，然后选择适合自己需求的模型和配置。

在模型选择方面，ChatGLM3提供了多种预训练模型，涵盖不同领域和应用场景，用户可以根据实际需求进行选择。

配置方面，用户可以设置机器人名称、头像等属性，以及选择是否开启自定义回复等功能。

接下来，用户可以在对话框中输入问题或句子，并按下“Enter”键或“Send”按钮，将问题发送给ChatGLM3。

在发送问题时，用户可以随时观察到AI的回答和反馈。

ChatGLM3会根据预训练模型和用户输入的问题，生成相应的回答和反馈。

这个过程可能需要一些时间，具体取决于问题的复杂性和模型的规模。

在生成回答时，ChatGLM3会根据上下文信息进行理解和推理，并给出有意义的回应。

用户可以对回答进行反馈，例如给出好评或差评，或者提供建议和改进意见。

ChatGLM3会根据用户的反馈，进一步优化回答和反馈的质量。

通过持续的反馈和优化，ChatGLM3的智能水平会不断提升，为用户提供更加智能、个性化的服务体验。

另外，ChatGLM3还提供了丰富的自定义功能，例如添加自定义回复、过滤不当言论、设置机器人角色等。

用户可以根据自己的需求和偏好进行设置和调整，使ChatGLM3更好地满足自己的需求。

通过自定义功能，用户可以打造出独具特色的聊天机器人，用于企业内部沟通、客户服务、知识问答等多种场景。

总的来说，ChatGLM3是一个功能强大、易于使用的聊天机器人平台，可以帮助用户与AI进行高效、自然的交互。

通过使用ChatGLM3，用户可以快速获取信息、解决问题、提高沟通效率，同时也可以享受更加智能、个性化的服务体验。

TriStation1131中文培训手册

TriStation_1131中文培训手册TriStation 1131 中文培训手册前言 (5)T RI S TATION 1131版本4.1的新特性： (5)摘要： (6)1.项目管理 (6)1.1.综述 (8)1.2.项目管理步骤 (9)1.3.T RI S TATION 1131安装 (10)1.3.1.系统需求 (11)1.3.2.从以前TriStation 1131版本的升级 (11)1.3.3.安装 TriStation 1131 软件 (11)1.3.4.卸载 TriStation 1131 软件 (12)1.3.5.校验 TriStation 1131 的安装 (12)1.4.T RI S TATION 1131项目 (13)1.4.1.项目Workspace (14)1.4.2.显示项目版本号和文档 (14)1.4.3.把已有项目升级到4.1版 (16)1.4.4.添加旁注 (17)1.5.项目创建 (18)1.5.1.新建一个TriStation 1131项目 (18)1.5.2.添加项目描述 (19)1.5.3.登录到一个已有的项目 (20)1.6.项目选项 (22)1.6.1.语言设定 (22)1.6.2.注释设定 (23)1.6.3.监控BOOL量的颜色 (24)1.7.T RI S TATION 1131选项 (25)1.7.1.指定目录位置 (25)1.7.2.指定制图颜色 (27)1.7.3.指定 FBD（功能块图表）编辑器选项 (27)1.7.4.指定 LD（梯形图）编辑器选项 (28)1.7.5.指定 CEM（因果矩阵）编辑器选项 (30)1.8.用户权限 (31)1.8.1.管理员用户权限 (32)1.8.2.增加和修改用户权限 (33)1.8.3.修改特别的安全级别 (34)1.8.4.修改安全级别名称 (36)1.9.库文档 (37)1.9.1.创建一个项目元素的库 (38)1.9.2.库管理 (41)1.9.3.添加库 (42)1.9.4.升级库 (42)1.9.5.删除库 (43)1.9.6.校验库版本 (43)1.10.报告 (44)1.10.1.升级报告数据库 (44)1.10.2.察看和打印报告 (44)1.10.3.给项目添加用户报告 (46)1.10.4.输出报告 (46)1.10.5.报告数据库信息 (47)前言TriStation 1131™ 开发平台是一款针对Triconex控制器，用来开发、测试、存储危险保护和过程控制的软件。

软物质的自组织特性简介

耗散结构：建立在与环境发生物质、能量交换关系基础上的结构。形成条件：远离平衡态、系统的开放性、系统内不同要素间存在非线性相互作用和涨落。耗散结构理论主要研究系统与环境之间的物质与能量交换关系及其对自组织系统的影响等问题。（1）远离平衡态：离平衡态是相对于平衡态和近平衡态而言的。平衡态是指系统各处可测的宏观物理性质均匀；近平衡态是指系统处于离平衡态不远的线性区；远离平衡态是指系统内可测的物理性质极不均匀的状态。（2）非线性作用：系统产生耗散结构的内部动力学机制，正是子系统间的非线性相互作用。
S k ln W
可以发现其中的矛盾：W表示对应宏观状态的微观状态数，S越大，微观状态数越多，系统越无序，似乎与熵致有序结构矛盾。

熵驱动下的自组织
问题：熵增导致有序还是无序？
例1：如下图
混合熵 vs 平移熵

熵驱动下的自组织
例2：早在1949 年,Onsager 指出,一个各向同性的液晶系统随着液晶棒浓度的增加,一定会出现一个由液晶棒沿某一方向取向有序的向列晶相的转变。
软物质通过分子自身自组装，外界驱动或熵作用下在空间区域形成一种相干的有序结构，所谓空间自组织结构。

软物质自组织的形式
超分子自组装例：双亲分子等活化剂自组装和聚集单分子的自组织例：生物大分子折叠熵驱动下的自组织非平衡动力学自组织例：场致相变、流致相变、远离平衡自组织临界等。

软物质的自组织特性
软物质的“软”：软物质的根本特征是在外界(包括温度和外力等) 有微小的作用下，会产生显著的宏观效果，所谓小的影响大的效果。之前说过产生耗散结构的内部动力学机制是非线性相互作用，而软物质因为其“软”的特征，还要受到动力学效应和熵效应的影响。动力学效应和熵效应常常克服复杂相互作用产生的失措所引起的拓扑缺陷等,以辅助自组装、自组织过程顺利进行。

decmp物质的结构式_概述及解释说明

decmp物质的结构式概述及解释说明1. 引言1.1 概述在当今科技与化学领域，decmp物质是一种备受关注的化学物质。

作为一种具有特殊结构的材料，decmp物质在许多领域都具有重要的应用价值。

因此，对于decmp物质的结构式进行全面深入的解释和说明显得尤为必要和重要。

1.2 文章结构本文将围绕着decmp物质的结构式展开详细讲解。

首先，我们会初步介绍decmp物质的背景和基本概念，以便读者更好地理解其研究意义和应用前景。

然后我们会详细解读decmp物质的结构式，并通过图表等方式对其进行直观呈现和说明。

接下来，我们将结合实例来解释decmp物质的特点及其在实际应用中可能发挥的作用。

最后，文章还将罗列出几个子节名称以进一步拓展关于decmp物质方面其他相关概念。

1.3 目的本文的目标是提供一个全面且易于理解的关于decmp物质结构式的完整指南。

通过对当前研究结果、实际案例和未来发展的展望，我们希望读者能够更好地了解decmp物质的重要性和潜力，并为相关领域的科学家和工程师们提供有益的指导和启发。

2. 正文：2.1 初步介绍decmp物质Dental Erosion Composite (DECMP)是一种用于牙科修复的复合材料。

它由聚合物基质和无机颗粒组成，具有优异的机械性能和生物相容性。

这种复合材料被广泛应用于牙齿表面龋病、牙齿缺失等问题的修复，并取得了显著的临床效果。

2.2 解读decmp物质的结构式DECMP物质的结构式是通过描述其化学组成和空间排列来揭示其内部结构。

一般而言，DECMP由有机基质（通常是树脂）和无机填充颗粒组成。

在化学式中，有机基质通常用R表示，而填充颗粒则用符号表示。

DECMP物质的有机基质可使材料具备良好的凝聚性和黏附性能，以确保其与牙体牢固连接。

同时，有机基质还拥有较好的自流平特性，在应用过程中便于操作和塑造。

除了有机基质外，DECMP中还含有一定比例的无机填充颗粒。

茄子果实采后软化过程中细胞壁组分及其降解酶活性的变化

茄子果实采后软化过程中细胞壁组分及其降解酶活性的变化赵云峰;林瑜;吴玲艳【期刊名称】《食品与发酵工业》【年(卷),期】2012(038)010【摘要】研究了细胞壁组分及其降解酶活性的变化与茄子果实采后软化的关系。

结果表明，采后茄子果肉硬度随贮藏时间的延长而不断下降。

贮藏期间果肉水溶性果胶（WSP）含量在贮藏前12天不断增加，之后快速下降，而共价结合型果胶（CSP）、半纤维素和纤维素等细胞壁组分含量持续减少。

果肉果胶甲酯酶（PME）、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）和纤维素酶（Cx）活性均呈先升高后下降趋势，分别在贮藏至第6、9、12天达到最大值；β-半乳糖苷酶（β—Gal）活性始终保持较高水平，且在整个贮藏期间活性变化不明显。

相关性分析结果表明，CSP、半纤维素和纤维素的降解与采后茄子果实软化密切相关，PG和Cx在茄子果实采后软化过程中起着重要的作用。

【总页数】5页(P212-216)【作者】赵云峰;林瑜;吴玲艳【作者单位】盐城工学院,江苏盐城224051 福建农林大学,福建福州350002;闽西职业技术学院资源工程系,福建龙岩364021;盐城工学院,江苏盐城224051【正文语种】中文【中图分类】S662.4【相关文献】1.梅果采后软化与细胞壁组分及其降解酶活性的变化 [J], 陆胜民;席玙芳;张耀洲2.龙眼果实采后果肉自溶过程中细胞壁组分及其降解酶活性的变化 [J], 林河通;赵云峰;席屿芳3.柿果实采后软化过程中细胞壁组分代谢和超微结构的变化 [J], 罗自生4.果实软化过程中细胞壁结构和组分及细胞壁酶的变化 [J], 张进献;李冬杰;李宏杰5.甜樱桃果实发育过程中细胞壁组分及其降解酶活性的变化 [J], 沈颖;李芳东;王玉霞;张序;李延菊;赵慧;张福兴因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

chatgpt 参数

chatgpt 参数
ChatGPT（聊天式生成式语言模型）是一种在最新的人工智能技术中扮演重要角色的新兴技术。

它旨在模拟自然语言处理，通过生成可读性高的、具有自然语言特征的文本，以及学习与反映一定领域的复杂情况。

这种技术的应用范围非常广泛，从垂直行业内的文本自动生成到更复杂的场合，如聊天机器人。

ChatGPT 依赖于 GPT-3（Generative Pretrained Transformer）的语言模型，是一个基于深度学习的大规模语言模型，其最大的特点是可以在大量未标记数据上进行预训练，以及生成可读性非常高的文本。

另外， GPT-3具有可以自动编写语句、概念等功能。

ChatGPT 使用 GPT-3其他预训练模型，搭建能够以人类语言为基础进行自然语言编写的机器人系统，它能够跟用户进行聊天，根据用户的问题搜索，学习，并用自然语言回答问题。

ChatGPT以帮助公司更好的处理客户的问题，节省客服的时间和精力，提升客户服务的质量。

这种技术也能够应用于微信公众号自动回复，资讯博客等新闻类系统，从而极大提高文章写作的效率和质量。

企业运用 ChatGPT术，还可以帮助企业更好地建立自身品牌，把自身的品牌传播出去，从而获得更多的客户群体，实现企业更大的发展。

在客户无法及时回复的情况下，ChatGPT以自动回复客户的咨询，改善客户的体验，增加客户的忠诚度，也提升了企业的品牌形象。

总之，ChatGPT术具有很多优势，非常适合用于垂直行业的自然语言处理，能够提高企业的服务水平和客户满意度，也能大大提高写
作效率和内容质量，是一种企业相当关注的新兴技术。

基于耗散粒子动力学模拟辅助的纳米结构脂质载体优化制备

基于耗散粒子动力学模拟辅助的纳米结构脂质载体优化制备赵雅平;解新安;李雁;李璐【期刊名称】《食品与发酵工业》【年(卷),期】2024(50)3【摘要】基于分子模拟能够探究纳米结构脂质载体(nanostructure lipid carriers,NLC)各物质间的结合能、溶解度参数等,预测混合物的相容性,从而用于指导实验前原料种类以及用量选择。

该文以姜黄素(curcumin,Cur)为模型营养物,以固体脂质(单硬脂酸甘油酯)和液体脂质(中链甘油三酯、葵花籽油、甜橙油)及表面活性剂(泊洛沙姆188、卵磷脂、吐温-80)作为筛选对象,采用耗散粒子动力学(dissipative particle dynamics,DPD)方法进行模拟筛选,再通过正交试验制备NLC以对模拟结果进行验证,最后对NLC的粒径和微观形态等进行表征。

模拟与实验结果均表明,单硬脂酸甘油酯-中链甘油三酯(medium chain triglycerides,MCT)-卵磷脂能形成较好的载体体系,固液脂质比为1∶3(质量比),卵磷脂含量为5%(质量分数),姜黄素含量占总脂质的3%(质量分数)时形成的球壳结构最好。

优化后制备的姜黄素NLC平均粒径为(233.8±2.4)nm,电位为(-38.2±0.6)mV,包封率为85.06%,微观形态均匀分散、没有明显聚集现象。

【总页数】12页(P157-168)【作者】赵雅平;解新安;李雁;李璐【作者单位】华南农业大学食品学院【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TS2【相关文献】1.模拟高密度脂蛋白脂核的洛伐他汀纳米结构脂质载体的制备2.纳米结构脂质载体的制备及其聚集动力学研究3.星点设计-响应面法优化番茄红素纳米结构脂质载体的制备4.遗传算法结合响应面法优化番茄红素纳米结构脂质载体的制备5.葫芦素B-IR780共载药纳米结构脂质载体的制备及其处方优化因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。