互联网与电子商务翻译 可打成一 版
电子商务专业英语作业翻译
E-commerce (electronic commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet, especially the World Wide Web. In practice, this term and a newer term, e-business, are often used interchangably. For online retail selling, the term e-tailing is sometimes used.电子商务（电子商务或电子商务）是购买和出售的商品和服务在互联网，特别是万维网上的。
在实践中，这项和一个新的术语，电子商务，往往交替使用。
网上零售，电子零售的术语有时用。
E-tailing or The Virtual Storefront and the Virtual Mall网上或虚拟商店和虚拟商店As a place for direct retail shopping, with its 24-hour availability, a global reach, the ability to interact and provide custom information and ordering, and multimedia prospects, the Web is rapidly becoming a multibillion dollar source of revenue for the world's businesses. A number of businesses already report considerable success. As early as the middle of 1997, Dell Computers reported orders of a million dollars a day. By early 1999, projected e-commerce revenues for business were in the billions of dollars and the stocks of companies deemed most adept at e-commerce were skyrocketing. Although many so-called dotcom retailers disappeared in the economic shakeout of 2000, Web retailing at sites such as , , and continues to grow.作为一个直接的零售购物，其24小时供应，全球性的，互动的能力，并提供自定义信息和订购，和多媒体，网络正在迅速成为一个数十亿美元的收入来源，为全球的企业。
关于网购的初一英语作文带翻译
关于网购的初一英语作文带翻译随着经济的发展，网购对我们的生活有着很大的影响，现在很多人都不去实体店买东西了，你对于网购有什么看法呢?写一篇英语描述一下吧。
下面是小编推荐给大家关于网购的英语作文带翻译，供大家参考。
关于网购的英语作文篇一shopping on the Internet,or shopping online,is being more and more popular.More and more people are using the internet to buy somethings.Why do people use the internet to shop?Some people say that it is more convenient.They can just stay at home and shop for anythings that they want at any time,day or night.If you want to buy something on the internet,you need a credit card.You have to type you credit card number and information on the web site and send it to the store over internet.But you should pay attention to because every thing has two point,shopping online has advantages and disadvantages.翻译：网上购物,或在线购物,正越来越受欢迎.越来越多的人在使用互联网购买时间.为什么人们利用互联网来店吗?有些人说它是比较方便.他们只能呆在家里,购买他们想要的任何东西,在任何时间,白天或晚上.如果你想在网上买东西,你需要一张信用卡.您需要输入您的信用卡号码和网上信息,并将其发送到存储在网络.但你要注意,因为每一件事物都有两个点,网上购物有其优点和缺点. 关于网购的英语作文篇二Nowadays， with the ever rapid development and increasing popularity of the information technology ，shopping on the Internet has been a fashion， especially among the youngsters.Online shopping has made our daily life more convenientand comfortable.For example ，shopping on the internet can save students a great deal of time on the way between home and store，so they would be able to concentrate more time and energy on their academic work.The internet has shorten the distance between manufacturers and consumers and thus we can even buy goods in other countries .On the other hand ，lack of the face to face deal makes online shopping less reliable and trustworthy. What’ s more the delivery will increase the risk of items’ damage.In my opinion， shopping on the internet is an irreversible trend. More and more people will be accustomed to it. It will be much more popular in the near future. And at the same time we should take some measures to make it perfect.翻译：如今，随着不断快速发展和信息技术的日益普及，在互联网上购物一直是一种时尚，尤其是青少年。
电商英文合同翻译模板
电商英文合同翻译模板This E-Commerce Contract (the "Contract") is entered into as of [date], by and between [Seller], an online retailer with its principal place of business at [address] (the "Seller"), and [Buyer], a consumer with its address at [address] (the "Buyer").1. PRODUCTS AND SERVICES1.1 The Seller agrees to sell to the Buyer the following products (the "Products"):- [Product 1]- [Product 2]- [Product 3]1.2 The Seller agrees to provide the following services (the "Services"):- [Service 1]- [Service 2]- [Service 3]2. ORDERING PROCESS2.1 The Buyer shall place orders for Products and Services through the Seller's website. 2.2 The Seller shall confirm the receipt of each order and provide the Buyer with an order confirmation.2.3 The Seller shall process the order and ship the Products to the Buyer within [number] business days of receiving the order.3. PAYMENT3.1 The Buyer agrees to pay the Seller the total amount of [amount] for the Products and Services ordered.3.2 Payment shall be made by [payment method] at the time of placing the order.3.3 The Seller shall issue an invoice to the Buyer upon receiving payment.4. DELIVERY AND SHIPPING4.1 The Seller shall deliver the Products to the Buyer's address within [number] business days of receiving the order.4.2 The Seller shall provide the Buyer with a tracking number for the shipment.4.3 The Buyer shall be responsible for any customs duties or taxes incurred during shipping.5. RETURNS AND REFUNDS5.1 The Buyer may return Products within [number] days of receiving them for a full refund.5.2 The Seller shall issue a refund within [number] business days of receiving the returned Products.5.3 The Buyer shall be responsible for the cost of return shipping.6. WARRANTIES6.1 The Seller warrants that the Products and Services will be free from defects and conform to the description provided on the website.6.2 The Seller warrants that the Products will be delivered in a timely manner and in good condition.7. LIABILITY7.1 The Seller shall not be liable for any damages or losses incurred by the Buyer as a result of using the Products or Services.7.2 The Buyer shall indemnify and hold harmless the Seller from any claims or liabilities arising out of the Buyer's use of the Products or Services.8. DISPUTE RESOLUTION8.1 Any disputes between the parties arising out of or relating to this Contract shall be resolved through arbitration in [city], [country].8.2 The decision of the arbitrator shall be final and binding on both parties.9. GOVERNING LAW9.1 This Contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of [country].IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Contract as of the date first written above.SELLER:_____________________[Name][Title]BUYER:_____________________ [Name]。
电子商务 外文翻译
B2B e-marketplace:an e-marketing framework for B2B commercePurpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide a clear understanding of the performance of business-to-business (B2B) e-marketplace in conducting e-marketing in the global business environment. The proposed framework is intended to be used as a guide for B2B firms especially small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) who wish to adopt a proactive approach in the use of information and communication technology for business efficiency and competitive advantage, and those who wish to explore the internet technologies for marketing activities.Design/methodology/approach– Literature from the B2B e-marketplaces and operations of e-marketing fields were analysed,and the findings were synthesised to develop a preliminary conceptual model of e-marketing.The conceptual model was tested empirically through an online survey from various industries in China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Findings– With significant online and offline publications from both academia and industry, there is a growing awareness of the contribution of the e-marketing in the global environment.This new marketing paradigm is reported to reshape the business relationships between both consumer marketers and consumers, improving business processes and enhancing the business exposure in the new markets.Research limitations/implications– The major limitation of this paper is associated with the sample selection. Although the literature findings were international,the empirical study was restricted to China,Malaysia,and Singapore.Therefore,the generalizability of the results may not be applicable for other countries.Furthermore, the majority of the respondents participated were SMEs. Hence, the applicability of findings to large-scale organisations may be limited.Practical implications– The framework allows B2B firms to capitalise and understand the e-marketing opportunities provided by B2B e-marketplace.The framework also offers guidance to marketing managers a most appropriate approach to adopt B2B e-marketplace to perform their e-marketing activities.Originality/value–Based on the need for a framework for e-marketing,this study is significance to:SMEs, marketers,information technology practitioners,and all other stakeholders that adopted the internet and other electronic means for marketing purposes.BackgroundThe development of the internet and the world wide web (www) in the 1990s as a tool for the global sharing of information has opened up new opportunities in marketing practices. “The rapid growth of internet users has made the internet an increasingly important and attractive platform for business transactions”According to the Internet World Stats (2007), by March 2008, the internet user population reached 1.40 billions world wide, an increase of 290 percent in the period from 2000 to 2008 (Figure 1). Many academics and practitioners have emphasized that the internet is a major platform for e-marketing to deal with marketing mixes, which include global accessibility (Laudon, 2002), convenience in updating (Sandeep and Singh, 2005), real-time information services (Harridge-March, 2004), interactive communications features (Chaffey, 2004), and unique customisation and personalised capabilities (Teo and Tan, 2002). Additionally,e-marketing also refers to the use of electronic methods or media to build upon and maintain customer relationship through electronic platforms (e.g. business-to-business (B2B) e-marketplaces) that facilitates the exchange of ideas, products, and services to satisfy both buyers and sellers.Strauss and Frost (2001)support the above statement and suggested that,sales,public relations,direct marketing,and advertising are marketing communication that comprises the crucial components of e-marketing strategy.B2B e-marketplace, as one of the major trading platforms brought by the internet technology has made a significant contribution to the e-marketers.The larger organisations are taking advantages from the vast array ofsuppliers/buyers via the B2B e-marketplace (Stockdale and Standing,2004).However,small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) are also eager to compete in the electronic environment remain concerns as how theirbusinesses can gain benefits from B2B e-marketplace.With significant online and offline publications from both academia and industry there is a growing awareness of the contribution of the e-marketing in the global environment. Nonetheless, there is limitation on how to explore the opportunities for SMEs in benefiting from the emergent e-marketing practices, derive from the B2B e-marketplace.Review of e-marketing performances in B2B e-marketplaceThe internet is the foundation for B2B commerce that provides the technology and platform to enable this business relationships work effectively.B2B transactions over public and private sectors uses the internet as a delivery vehicle for transactions including;financial transfer,on-line exchanges,auctions,delivery of products, and services (O’Reily and Finnegan, 2007). Many pra ctitioners are predicting B2B commerce is expected to have a massive growth and majority of the organisations will have to give consideration to involve with B2B commerce. Referring to Figure 5, B2B consists of three main elements and the e-marketplace performs the main tasks such as sourcing, automated purchasing, processing to facilitate the sellers and buyers to do business transactions.Laudon and Laudon (2000)stated that B2B e-marketplace refers to the exchange of information,products, services,and payment via the internet between buyers and sellers.B2B e-marketplaces are typically defined as inter-organisational IS through which multiple buyers and sellers interact electronically to identify potential trading partners, select them and execute transactions (Rohmtal.2004). Argued that, B2B e-marketplace is able to remove some of the inefficiency of traditional business functionality and allows partners to streamline their marketing activities by sharing information instantaneously.In recent years,B2B e-marketplace have improved/enhanced the extent of e-marketing activities;providing to all marketers especially to SMEs. Recent studies (Narayanasamy ET al.2008; Pavaloia, 2009) are indicative of the fact that SMEs have started to respond positively to the changes brought about by the internet technologies.While the main concerns of SMEs are related to the generic SMEs characteristics of limited time/resources and expertise,B2B e-marketplace provide a favorable environment for SMEs to;lower operating and marketing cost, better opportunity to promote their products/services,and enrich their overall marketing communications mix. Overall,the benefits of B2B e-marketplace as reported by many academics and practitioners include:reducing search costs by facilitating comparison of price, products, and services(Kandampully, 2003; Bakos, 1998; Kaplan and Sawhney, 2000);.improving production and supply capability (Barua et al. , 1997; Albrecht et al. ,2005);.improving personalization and customization of product offerings (Bakos, 1998);.enhancing customers relationships (Kierzkowski et al. 1996);.reducing marketing costs compare to traditional marketing media (Sculley andWoods, 2001);.reducing numbers of marketing staff (Gloor, 2000).However,the current literatures do not fully explore the issues relating to the performances of B2B e-marketplace from an e-marketing perspective. In addition, much of the research is focused on particular research areas of interest often ignoring the links to others dimensions in particular e-marketing services.Hence,there are concerns that the despite the efforts to promote adoption of B2B e-marketplace from an e-marketing perspective, SMEs are not fully aware of the opportunities and benefits (Stockdale and Standing, 2004). The literature provides insights into the current level of internet-enabler marketing technologies from B2B e-marketplace to the marketers. The online and offline publications from both academics and practitioners indicated that,e-marketing via B2B e-marketplace is a modern marketing practice for buying and selling goods/services,exchange information/ideas via the internet associated with communication and promotional purposes.The frameworks suggested by various authors including Chaffey (2004), Gloor (2000),Kierzkowski et al.(1996) makes a significant contribution to knowledge in the areas of e-marketing that has the potential to create competitive advantage and enhance customer value. However, it appears that there is limited exploitation of such frameworks by industry professional. In order to develop a better understanding of the topic under study,this paper will adapt a multidisciplinary approach by integrating;traditional SMEs marketing,e-marketing,IS/IT,and B2B e-marketplace to develop an e-marketing framework that will offer a greater value for SMEs.B2B 电子商务市场：电子营销的 B2B 电子商务框架背景自上世纪 90 年代互联网作为一种全球共享信息的工具，互联网开辟了一种新的营销模式。
电子商务环境下商务英语翻译探析
电子商务环境下商务英语翻译探析随着互联网的普及和电子商务的兴起，商务英语翻译在现代经济中扮演着至关重要的角色。
在电子商务环境下，商务英语翻译需要考虑到网络技术的特点，如快速、便捷、实时，同时也需要注意跨文化交流的细节，如语言、文化和法律等。
本文将从三个方面探析商务英语翻译在电子商务环境下的应用。
首先，电子商务的跨越国界性。
随着互联网的普及，商家可以在全球范围内开展业务。
商务英语翻译在这种情况下具有非常重要的作用。
比如，中国的企业想要向英国、德国等发达国家出口产品，就必须用英语、德语等语言与当地的贸易公司和消费者沟通，因此，商务英语翻译的质量和准确性对商业活动的成败至关重要。
另外，商务英语翻译在网络中的传播效果也是不可忽视的。
由于网络传播速度快、范围广，因此商务英语翻译必须能够准确地表达商业信息，同时也要注意这些信息在文化和社会背景下传导的差异。
同样的信息在不同的文化和语境下可能会产生不同的解读，这就需要商务英语翻译人员要具备较高的跨文化交际能力。
商务英语翻译主要应用在电子商务中的以下几个方面：1.网站本地化翻译对于企业而言，拥有多语言的网站并提供多语言服务是一种趋势，这对于扩大市场和接触更多的客户非常重要。
在这一过程中，商务英语翻译是不可少的，可以帮助企业根据当地的市场需求和文化背景进行网站的本地化翻译，以便更好地与当地的客户进行沟通。
2.商品描述翻译在电子商务中，商品描述是决定客户购买决策的重要因素之一。
商务英语翻译可以帮助企业将商品描述翻译成多种语言，以方便更多国家和地区的客户了解产品的特点和优势。
3.交易合同翻译在电子商务活动中，交易合同是对双方关系的约束和保障。
商务英语翻译在交易合同翻译中的作用不仅是解决语言障碍，还要涉及到法律、商业和文化等因素的综合考虑。
1.语言风格的统一性在多语言网站上，商务英语翻译人员需要保证翻译风格的一致性，以保证不同语言版本的网站重点信息、商标等统一清晰。
2.文化障碍商务英语翻译人员需要注意文化差异对语言翻译的影响。
电子商务英语的翻译（吴楠）
电子商务英语的英汉与汉英翻译Lead-in:电子商务是互联网的产物。
互联网的本质是一个巨大的且不断发展的全球计算机网络。
据估计，目前连接到互联网上的用户已超过5亿，在世界范围内有超过9千万台的互联网主机，从而使在线交易和有效信息量显著增长。
在世界贸易组织关于电子商务的工作组中，电子商务被理解为：采用电子化的方式进行生产、分销、营销、销售或交付货物以及服务。
广义上讲，电子商务包含了电子化媒介或网络，实质上是通过互联网完成的各种商业交易。
电子商务是进行商业交易的一种新途径。
从商业观点来看，电子商务不仅仅局限于商品的购买。
除电子邮件和其他交流平台外，它还包括一个公司可以通过网络提供给顾客的所有信息或服务，从售前信息到售后服务和支持。
电子商务能通过时间和程序方面的效率提高来降低交易费用，从而降低总成本。
（改编自《电子商务英语》，北京大学出版社) Electronic Commerce is the product of the Internet. The Internet is basically a vast and ever increasing network of computers across the globe. It is estimated that the number of persons connected to the Internet today has surpassed 500 million, and there are over 90 million Internet hosts world-wide, facilitating a dramatic increase in the volume of trade and information available online.In the World Trade Organization (WTO) Work Group on Electronic Commerce, it is understood to mean: the production, distribution, marketing, sale or delivery of goods and services by electronic means. Broadly defined, electronic commerce includes an electronic medium or network. It essentially refers to all kinds of commercial transactions that are concluded over the Internet. Electronic Commerce is a new way of doing business.From a business point of view, e-commerce is not limited to the purchase of commodities. Besides e-mail and other communication platforms, it includes all information or services that a company may offer to its customers over the Net, from pre-purchase information to after-sale service and support. E-commerce can reduce transaction costs by increasing efficiency in the use of time and procedures, and thus lowering total costs.Model Essay:W eb BusinessIn the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. (1) More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business to business sales make sense because business people typically know what product they’re looking for.Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability. (2) “Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier,”(3) says senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transaction s only with established business partners who are given access to the company’s private intranet.(4)Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. (5) Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to “pull”customers into sites. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to “push”information directly out to consumers, transmit ting marketing messages directly to target ed customers. (6) Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscriber s’computer monitor s. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to company’s Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offering s, or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. (7) Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. (8) Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fade s. (9) That’s a prospect that horrifies Net purist s.But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, , and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.（摘自《商务英语翻译教程（笔译）》，中国水利水电出版社）Notes:1.web business 网上交易补充：web-surfing 网上冲浪web page 网页website 网站2．revolve around 围绕着例：Their troubles revolve around money management. 他们的麻烦围绕着金钱管理。
电子商务英语专业名词
一、专业名词1，电子商务electronic commerce视频会议video conference不断增长ever –increasing供应商supplier内部运营internal operation组织organization交易transaction消费者consumer有效率的efficient有弹性的flexible2，电子邮件营销email marketing市场调研market research提高整体营销信息enhance overall marketing message 拓展网络exploit the web网络能力capabilities of the web离线营销活动offline marketing activities传统营销traditional marketing品牌的忠诚度brand loyalty传统促销方法traditional promotional methods营销策略marketing strategy3，电子银行electronic bank家庭银行home bank支付账单pay bills私人网络private network金融机构financial institutions银行服务banking services在线申请apply online4，电子支付electronic payment电子支票electronic checks电子货币electronic money经常账户checking accounts数据加密data encryption客户认证client authentication智能卡smart cards计算机硬盘computer hard disks银行部门banking sector小额支付small value payment5．网上购物流程the flow of shopping/purchasing online 迅速发展rapid growth/development虚拟商店virtual stores/shops产品规格specification电子银行cyber bank购物中心shopping center在线付款payment online确认订单confirmation of the order总金额total amount批号date code6，最终产品finished goods相关信息related information产地the point of origin运输与配送transport &services国际供应链管理international supply chain management预售服务pre-retailing services军事策略military strategy战时物资生产wartime material production集中于centering on战略物资补给strategic commodities supply7,file transfer 文件传输digital cash 电子现金geographical location 地理位置on a global scale 在全球范围EDI 电子数据交换competition 竞争definition 定义manufacturer 生产商advertising 广告interaction 互动8 ,internet marketing 网络营销electronic mediu电子媒介affiliate marketing 会员营销merge…with…与…融为一体distribute products 配送产品community activities 社区活动marketing objectives 营销目的loyalty program 贵宾会员计划provide comprehensive information 提供综合信息commercialization 商业化9, virtual bank 虚拟银行online bank 在线银行physical bank 有形银行banking activities 银行业务credit unions 信用合作社credit card products 信用卡产品open a checking or savings account 开立支票或储蓄账户10, paper checks 纸质支票banking settlement system 银行结算系统payment data 支付数据secure communication protocols 安全通信协议secure payment protocols 安全支付协议server authentication 服务器认证prepaid cards 预付费卡electronic purses 电子钱包digital cash 数字现金access product 可存取的产品11, shopping online 在线购物business directories 企业名单purchasing process 采购流程authentication centre 认证中心surfing the internet 网上冲浪names of commodities 商品名称lead time 交货日期terms of payment 付款方式payment authentication 付款认证release the goods 发货12, the efficient and cost-efficient flow 有效而合算流动raw materials 原材料in-process inventory 半成品For the purpose of conforming to in motion and rest 为满足消费者需要the management of inventory in motion and rest 动态与静态的库存管理IT solutions 信息技术解决方案added-value 增值in military science 在军事科学方面the most crucial element 最关键的要素a network of transportation 运输网络二、句子翻译（1,2,14,17,18）（英→汉）1．1)in another word ，electronic commerce is the buying ，selling and trading of goods and services through private and public networks .换句话来说,电子商务是指通过私人或公众网络来买卖或交换货物和服务2)first stage of EC expansion is that with in the “connected ” or “online ” computer users .EC的首个发展阶段局限于“在线”计算机用户3)the second wave will come when more people get access to computers (via lowered computer prices or cheaper device )第二个高峰将会在更多人可以通过更低廉的价格或设备访问计算机的时候来临4)the third expansion is predicted to be from those with non-computer access to the global network :through broadcast TVs ,cable TVs ,telephone networks and new appliances .据预测，电子商务发展的第三次浪潮将会出现在不用电脑就能上网的技术发展方面，例如通过无线电视，有线电视，电话网络及新型的设备上网5)a widespread use of these cheaper access media represents the phase of “bringing workplace computers in to living room ”低价的接入设备的广泛使用代表着进入了“家庭办公”的新时代2，1)the conveniences afforded by electronic commerce is limitless .电子商务提供的便利是无止境的2)more than 100 countries are linked into exchanges of data ,news and opinions .超过100个国家已经接入互联网，交换资料、新闻和言论。
什么是电子商务英语
WHAT’S THE EC?The definition of electronic commerce: by means of electrical and electronic technology, the business as the core, move the original traditional sales, shopping channels to the Internet, break the barrier of the countries and regions tangible invisible, make the production enterprise of globalization, networking, immaterialized and individuation, integration. Popular definition: electronic commerce is the use of simple, fast, low cost of electronic communication, buyers and sellers not met for a variety of commercial and trade activities. Electronic commerce is based on computer network. By means of electronic means, the business activities as main body, in legal permission range of business activities. Electronic commerce is to use digital information technology, the activities of enterprises continuous optimization process. E-commerce covers a wide range of electronic commerce, the general can be divided into the enterprise to the enterprise (Business - to - Business), or Business to Consumer (Business - to - Consumer) two kinds. In addition to Consumer to Consumer (Consumer - to - Consumer) this big step growth mode. With the increase of the number of domestic Internet use, the use of the Internet for online shopping and bank card payment has graduallypopular consumption style, the market share is growing rapidly, e-commerce sites also emerge in endlessly. Electronic commerce is the most common security mechanism of SSL (secure socket layer protocol) and SET (secure electronic transaction protocol) two kinds. E-commerce is a concept of constant development, e-commerce pioneer of IBM in 1996 proposed the Electronic Commerce (e-commerce) concept, in 1997, the company and put forward the Electronic Business (E - Business) concept. But in our country at the time of the introduction of these concepts are translated into e-commerce, a lot of people that the concept of the confusion between the two. In fact there is a difference between these two concepts and contents of e-commerce should be translated into electronic business, someone called e-commerce e-commerce in its narrow sense. Will E - Business is called generalized e-commerce. E-commerce refers to the realization of each stage in the process of the whole trade of electronic trading activities. E - Business is to use the network to realize all the Business process of electronic Business activity. E-commerce focused on electronic trading, emphasize the enterprise and the external trade and cooperation, we expanded our scope and E - Business is a lot. Broadly refers to the use of various electronic tools in business or activities. In a narrow sense refers to the use ofthe Internet to engage in business or activity.电子商务的定义：以电子及电子技术为手段，以商务为核心，把原来传统的销售、购物渠道移到互联网上来，打破国家与地区有形无形的壁垒，使生产企业达到全球化，网络化，无形化，个性化、一体化。
最新版电子商务英语课程翻译unit1
最新版电子商务英语课程翻译unit1Unit1 getting to know e-business Text BClassification of e-business电子商务的分类A common classification of e-business is by the nature of the transactions or the1relationship among participants . The following types of e-business are commonly distinguished .电子商务常见的分类是根据交易的性质或参与者之间的关系。
以下类型的电子商务通常是有区别的。
Business -to-business (b2b) . All of the participants in b2b are eitherbusinesses or other organizations . For example, several of Dell’s and Marks Spencer’s applications involve b2b with their suppliers . Today, over 85 percent of EC volume is b2b .企业对企业的电子商务。
所有的参与者在b2b企业或其他组织。
例如,戴尔和玛莎百货的一些应用包括b2b和他们的供应商。
今天,超过85%的电子商务交易量是b2b。
Business-to-Consumer(B2C). Business-to-consumer(B2C)includes retail transactions of products or services from business to individual shoppers. The typical shopper at dell online or at is a consumer or customer. This type is also called e-tailing.企业对消费者(B2C)。
电子商务专业英语 译文
第1章电子商务概述1.1 引言美国很少有人能够真正地享受到买车过程中的快乐。
虽然一些汽车经销商已经通过引入固定价格和不砍价策略来改善客户的购车经历，但仍有许多的经销商继续采用卖气旺盛的销售办法，使顾客感到筋疲力尽、困惑，甚至担心自己可能在交易中受骗。
1995年，Autobytel公司（Autobytel公司的网址是）开始提供在线购车服务，承诺为购买者提供一个不砍价的购车经历，并为汽车经销商提供一种能够增加新车销售量、降低销售成本的销售渠道。
顾客在购车前会通过互联网或走访当地的经销商来了解汽车的配件和特性，目前大概有超过95%的购车者是通过互联网来了解汽车信息的。
顾客若要享受Autobytel公司的购车服务，需要在该公司的网站上进行注册，并指定自己心仪的汽车的性能指标。
Autobytel提供给购车者他所选择的汽车的约定价格，并把购车者的联系信息转给当地的加盟经销商。
经销商付费给Autobytel以便获得Autobytel只把自己推荐给特定区域顾客的权利。
经销商随后会与顾客进行联系并完成交易。
顾客从快速、没有争论的、直接而且价格明确的购车过程中受益，而经销商则可以从提高销量和不支付佣金给销售员中获利。
Autobytel接收经销商每月缴纳的加盟费，并将网站上的广告位卖给保险公司和金融机构。
Autobytel目前已经与20000家汽车经销商签约。
汽车经销商每年支付给Autobytel 的费用已经超过7千万美元（而且通过卖网站上的广告位和向汽车销售商提供服务，Autobytel每年又可赚取2千万美元）。
在2007年，Autobytel公司和类似于Autobytel的公司在网上的汽车销量已占全美新车销量的30%。
从1995年到2002年，Autobytel经历了快速成长，然后就是销售增长趋缓。
像在电子商务最初的泡沫期成立的其他公司一样，Autobytel不得不转变它的经营重点。
Autobytel从不惜代价追求收入的增长，开始转向仔细的控制成本。
电子商务中英文翻译
工商企业管理二班王建稳12292330051E-commerce is coming of ageThe 21st century are the information time, the tertiary industry unceasingly rise in the various countries' proportion, specially service industry, information service industry becomes for the 21stcentury the leading industries, this has caused the electronic commerce production and the development in the global information is under the influence which the situation drives, the various countries' electronic commerce unceasing improvement and the consummation, the electronic commerce is a focal point which each country and each big company capture. And, along with the whole world electronic commerce swift and violent development, the electronic commerce scale expands day by day, if US in 2000 the electronic commerce amounts to 488.7 billion US dollars, Japanese 31.9 billion US dollars, German 20.6 billion US dollars. Thereupon, the various countries unceasingly opens sends out the form to be diverse, the characteristic each different electronic commerce solution. But, because various countries and some international organization to electronic commerce understanding existence difference, thus the formulation and implementation development electronic commerce policy also has the obvious difference between the country and the country electronic commerce live agent lacks the effective coordinated mechanism to develop slowly, simultaneously a country interior electronic commerce activity also because of lacks the effective policy safeguard to receive the restriction. Therefore, the research discussion electronic commerce present situation and the formulation implementation appropriate electronic commerce policy question extremely is urgent. But in our country, the computer and the network technology popularization and the development, the electronic commerce rapidly rises, the multitudinous information technology enterprise, the venture capital company, the production circulation enterprise develops the electronic commerce in abundance. Looked from national Economical trade committee to more than 630 enterprises' investigations that, at present enterprise in Internet application and development electronic commerce aspect, eastern area enterprise good to middle area, middle is markets. But many record shops and travel agents could be in for a tougher time. Erik Blachford, the head of IAC’s travel side and boss of Expedia, the biggest internet travel agent, thinks online travel bookings in America could quickly move from 20% of the market to more than half. Mr Bezos reckons online retailers might capture 10-15% of retail sales over the next decade. That would represent a massive shift in spending. How will traditional shops respond? Michael Dell, the founder of Dell, which leads the personal-computer market by selling direct to the customer, has long thought many shops will turn into showrooms. There are already signs of change on the high street. The latest Apple and Sony stores are designed to display products, in the full expectation that many people will buy online. To some extent, the online and offline worlds may merge. Multi-channel selling could involve a combination of traditional shops, a printed catalogue, a home-shopping channel on TV, a phone-in order service and an e-commerce-enabled website. But often it is likely to be the website where customers will be encouraged to place their orders. One of the biggest commercial advantages of the internet is a lowering of transaction costs, which usually translates directly into lower prices for the consumer. So, if the lowest prices can be found on the internet and people like the service they get, why would they buy anywhere else?One reason may be convenience; another, concern about fraud, which poses the biggest threat to online trade. But as long as the internet continues to deliver price and product information quickly, cheaply and securely, e-commerce will continue to grow. Increasingly, companies will have to assume that customers will know exactly where to look for the best buy. This market has the potential to become as perfect as it gets. Certain products or services appear more suitable for online sales; others remain more suitable for offline sales. While credit cards are currently the most popular means of paying for online goods and services, alternative online payments will account for 26% of e-commerce volume by 2009 according to Celent. Many successful purely virtual companies deal with digital products, (including information storage, retrieval, and modification), music, movies, office supplies, education, communication, software, photography, and financial transactions. Examples of this type of company include: Google, eBay and Paypal. Other successful marketers such as use Drop shipping or Affiliate marketing techniques to facilitate transactions of tangible goods without maintaining real inventory. Examplesinclude numerous sellers on eBay. Virtual marketers can sell some non-digital products and services successfully. Such products generally have a high value-to-weight ratio, they may involve embarrassing purchases, they may typically go to people in remote locations, and they may have shut-ins as their typical purchasers. Items which can fit through a standard letterbox — such as music CDs, DVDs and books —are particularly suitable for a virtual marketer, and indeed , one of the few enduring dot-com companies, has historically concentrated on this field. Products such as spare parts, both for consumer items like washing machines and for industrial equipment like centrifugal pumps, also seem good candidates for selling online. Retailers often need to order spare parts specially, since they typically do not stock them at consumer outlets -- in such cases, e-commerce solutions in spares do not compete with retail stores, only with other ordering systems. A factor for success in this niche can consist of providing customers with exact, reliable information about which part number their particular version of a product needs, for example by providing parts lists keyed by serial number. Purchases of pornography and of other sex-related products and services fulfill the requirements of both virtuality (or if non-virtual, generally high-value) and potential embarrassment; unsurprisingly, provision of such services has become the most profitable segment of e-commerce. There are also many disadvantages of e-commerce. one of the main ones is fraud. This is where your details (name, bank card number, age, national insurance number) are entered into what look to be a safe site but really it is not. These details can then be used to steal money from you and can be used to buy things on line that you are completely unaware of until it is too late. this information is leaked into the wrong hands. People are able to steal your identity, and commit more fraud crimes under your name. Finally there are many problems with e commerce some of which are: Failure understands customers why they buy and how they buy. Even a product with a sound value proposition can fail if producers and retailers do not understand customer habits, expectations, and motivations. E-commerce could potentially mitigate this potential problem with proactive and focused marketing research, just as traditional retailers may do. Failure consider the competitive situation. One may have the will to construct a viable book e-tailing business model, but lack the capability to compete with Amazon. Inability predicts environmental reaction. What willcompetitors do? Will they introduce competitive brands or competitive web sites? Will they supplement their service offerings? Will they try to sabotage a competitor's site? Will price warsbreak out? What will the government do? Research into competitors, industries and markets may mitigate some consequences here, just as in non-electronic commerce. Over-estimation of resource competence. Can staff, hardware, software, and processes handle the proposed strategy? Have e-tales failed to develop employee and management skills? These issues may call for thorough resource planning and employee training. Products less suitable for e-commerce include products that have a low value-to-weight ratio, products that have a smell, taste, or touch component, products that need trial fittings —most notably clothing —and products where color integrity appears important. Nonetheless, has had success delivering groceries in the UK, albeit that many of its goods are of a generic quality, and clothing sold through the internet is big business in the U.S. Also, the recycling program Cheapcycle sells goods over the internet, but avoids the low value-to-weight ratio problem by creating different groups for various regions, so that shipping costs remain low.译文：电子商务是时代的到来21世纪是信息时代，第三产业不断上升，在各国的比重，特别是服务业，信息服务业成为，21世纪的主导产业，这导致了电子商务的产生和发展，在全球信息该驱动器的情况的影响下，各国的电子商务不断的改进和完善，电子商务是每一个国家和每一个大公司捕捉的焦点。
电子商务外文文献
电子商务外文文献Title: E-commerce: A Review of the Literature and Perspectives for Future ResearchE-commerce, or electronic commerce, has become a fundamental aspect of business and economic activity in the globalized digital age. The交易研究领域的一个重要组成部分。
在这个日益数字化的时代，电子商务已经成为全球商业和经济活动的一个重要组成部分。
本文旨在回顾和分析电子商务领域的研究现状，探讨未来可能的研究方向和挑战。
The literature on e-commerce has been extensive, covering a range of topics from online retailing to global supply chain management. The Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations (JECO) and Journal of Electronic Commerce Research (JECR) are two of the leading journals in the field, publishing high-quality research on various aspects ofe-commerce. Additionally, several books and conference proceedings provide valuable insights into the development and evolution of e-commerce.E-commerce research has examined the impact of technology on business processes, explored innovative business models, andanalyzed the role of e-commerce in global trade and development. The literature has addressed a range of important issues, including security and privacy, electronic payment systems, and the impact of social media on e-commerce.Despite the significant progress made in e-commerce research, several areas for future exploration remn. These include the development of new e-commerce technologies, such as blockchn and artificial intelligence, and their potential impact on global trade and supply chns. Additionally, research on the role of e-commerce in sustnable development, particularly in terms of environmental sustnability and social inclusivity, represents an important area for future investigation.In conclusion, e-commerce has become a fundamental aspect of business and economic activity in the digital age. The literature on e-commerce has provided valuable insights into its development and evolution, but there remn several areas for future exploration. Future research should address these unexplored areas and contribute to the development ofe-commerce as a transformative force in global trade and development.商学院电子商务外文文献Title: E-commerce in Business Schools: A Critical Analysis of Curriculum, Teaching Methods, and Future TrendsThe rise of e-commerce in recent years has revolutionized business education, with business schools across the globe scrambling to keep up with the latest trends and prepare students for the digital economy. This article delves into the world of e-commerce education in business schools, exploring curriculum, teaching methods, and predicting future trends. E-commerce has become an integral part of modern business, and business schools are responding to this trend by incorporating e-commerce courses into their curriculum. The primary objective of these courses is to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the e-commerce industry, including the latest trends, tools, and techniques. In addition to fundamental topics such as online marketing and web design, today's e-commerce courses also cover more specialized topics such as cloud computing, big data analysis, and social media marketing.Business schools are adopting a variety of teaching methods to impart knowledge on e-commerce, ranging from traditional classroom lectures to more innovative hands-onbs and simulations. These experiential learning opportunities allow students to gain practical experience in real-world settings, providing them with a deeper understanding of the dynamics and challenges of the e-commerce industry.With the continuous evolution of the internet and e-commerce landscape, it is essential to track and predict future trends in this field. Business schools are playing a crucial role in this regard by staying abreast of industry developments and incorporating relevant content into their courses. The trend towards more personalized and interactive learning experiences is likely to continue, with business schools tloring their teaching methods to suit the needs of individual students. Additionally, the integration of technology into every aspect of business will continue to drive changes in e-commerce education, with an increasing focus on areas such as cybersecurity and artificial intelligence.In conclusion, business schools have responded to the rise of e-commerce with a comprehensive approach that includes updating curriculum, adopting innovative teaching methods, and predicting future trends. However, there are still challengesahead, such as keeping up with the rapidly changing landscape and providing all students with equal opportunities to access e-commerce education. By continuing to adapt and innovate, business schools can help shape a brighter future fore-commerce and prepare students to thrive in the digital economy.电子商务外文翻译文献电子商务的发展及其影响：外文翻译文献随着全球互联网的迅速普及，电子商务在全球范围内得到了前所未有的发展。
互联网英语范文互联网的利与弊英语作文带翻译
互联网英语范文互联网的利与弊英语作文带翻译The Advantages and Disadvantages of the InternetThe internet, a powerful information highway that connects people from all over the world, has revolutionized the way we communicate, learn, and conduct business. As with any technological advancement, the internet brings both benefits and drawbacks. In this article, we will explore the advantages and disadvantages of the internet, covering its impact on communication, education, and the economy.CommunicationThe internet has undeniably improved communication in numerous ways. Firstly, it allows for instant communication through platforms such as email, social media, and messaging apps. People can now connect with friends, family, and colleagues across the globe with just a few clicks. Secondly, the internet provides a platform for individuals to express their thoughts and opinions through blogs, forums, and social media. This has greatly democratized the sharing of information, giving a voice to people who may not have had the opportunity to be heard otherwise.Despite these advantages, the internet has also created some challengesin communication. With the advent of social media, online bullying and harassment have become prevalent issues. The anonymity and distance provided by the internet sometimes lead to disrespectful and hurtful interactions. Moreover, the internet can also hinder face-to-face communication, as people may become overly reliant on digitalcommunication methods, neglecting the importance of real-time human interaction.EducationThe internet has revolutionized the field of education, making information accessible to people worldwide. With online courses and educational websites, learners can access a wide range of subjects and study at their own pace. This has opened up new opportunities for those who may not have access to traditional educational institutions or resources. Additionally, the internet allows for collaborative learning through virtual classrooms and video conferencing, enabling students to connect with educators and peers across the globe.However, there are challenges to consider as well. The abundance of information on the internet can be overwhelming, leading to difficulties in determining the reliability and accuracy of sources. The lack of face-to-face interaction in online learning environments may also hinder students' interpersonal skills and their ability to engage in group work effectively.EconomyThe internet has transformed the economy in numerous ways. E-commerce has witnessed significant growth, with online shopping becoming a preferred method of purchasing goods and services. This has created opportunities for small businesses to reach a global audience, allowing for increased sales and expansion. Additionally, the internet has facilitated remote work and freelancing, breaking down geographical barriers and enabling individuals to work from anywhere in the world.However, the internet has also disrupted traditional industries, leading to the loss of jobs and the rise of the gig economy. As automation and artificial intelligence technologies continue to advance, there is a growing concern about the impact on employment opportunities. Furthermore, the internet has given rise to online piracy and intellectual property infringement, affecting the revenue of content creators and media industries.In conclusion, the internet has brought significant advantages in terms of communication, education, and the economy. However, it is important to be mindful of the challenges it presents, such as online harassment, information overload, and job displacement. As we continue to navigate the digital age, it is crucial to strike a balance between utilizing the internet's benefits while mitigating its drawbacks.互联网的利与弊互联网，是连接全球的强大信息高速公路，彻底改变了我们交流、学习和开展业务的方式。
电子商务
电子商务一、翻译。
1.SCM:( Super Chain Media) 互动视频格式2.ERP:（Enterprise Resource Planning）企业资源计划3.CRM: (Customer Relationship Management）客户关系管理4.O2O: (Online To Offline)团购5.B2B: (Business To Business)企业对企业6.B2C:(Business-to-Customer）企业对消费者7.C2C: (Consumer to Consumer）消费者对消费者8.SNS: (Social Networking Services) 社会性网络服务二、简答。
1.电商的定义。
首先将电子商务划分为广义和狭义的电子商务。
广义的电子商务定义为，使用各种电子工具从事商务或活动。
狭义电子商务定义为，主要利用Internet从事商务或活动。
2.阐述电子商务的分类。
B2B:指一个互联网市场领域的一种，是企业对企业之间的营销关系。
阿里巴巴中国制造网B2C:是通常说的商业零售，直接面向消费者销售产品和服务。
当当卓越C2C: 是个人与个人之间的电子商务。
淘宝易趣3.试简述信息不对称理论的定义，并阐述柠檬市场的产生过程。
信息不对称理论是指在市场经济活动中,各类人员对有关信息的了解是有差异的;掌握信息比较充分的人员,往往处于比较有利的地位,而信息贫乏的人员,则处于比较不利的地位。
柠檬市场效应则是指在信息不对称的情况下，往往好的商品遭受淘汰,而劣等品会逐渐占领市场，从而取代好的商品，导致市场中都是劣等品。
4.试阐述竞价排名的定义。
竞价排名，是一种按效果付费的网络推广方式。
用少量的投入就可以给企业带来大量潜在客户，有效提升企业销售额和品牌知名度。
5.说明网上商店模式的定义，以及网上商店模式的特征。
定义：通过互联网网络进行买卖活动的零售业态。
特征：（1）店铺的虚拟性（2）商品的特殊性（3）顾客的特定性（4）经营的特色性（5）服务的针对性（6）功能的强大性（7）支付的多样性6.什么是虚拟社区，列举常见的两个虚拟社区。
电子商务营销中英文对照外文翻译文献
电子商务营销中英文对照外文翻译文献电子商务营销中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)电子商务在马来西亚中小企业的应用摘要：该研究项目旨在探讨电子商务是否适用于马来西亚马来洲的中小型企业。
主要参与研究的人群是马来西亚马来人的德瓦恩和吉兰丹州的登记入住人员，一共有302个受访者被选择参加我们的研究。
根据世界商界的一般假设，一致认为，电子商务的应用与全球经济的生存和挑战高度相关。
同时，获取知识和认识环境，应对和处理变化，加快业务决策的过程能够进一步提高中小型企业的竞争力。
通过应用建立的模型，我们的调查集中在5个可识别的变量，以表现采用电子商务对推动中小企业的实用性。
我们的分析表明，所有选择的变量对加强电子商务的应用，从而保持其在该行业的的竞争优势有显著意义。
关键词：电子商务应用物流营销采购安全中小企业1.介绍电子商务电子商务的出现正在根本性地改变商业进行的方式。
客户可以在其全面休闲的任何地方，任何时候购物，并且总是享受几乎没有任何成本的同等水平的服务。
显然，通过这种无纸化交易，顾客不再需要填写订购表格，或到经营场所去放置他们的订单。
什么事都可以在客户便利的条件下电子化地完成。
根据EDI报文（2000），即使中小企业因为缺乏专业知识和资金而可能有困难建立一个先进的网站，但是他们仍然需要电子商务去繁荣和持续生存。
许多个人和组织在用典型的方式去解释电子商务。
当企业开始意识到互联网作为强大媒体的角色开展业务，特别是在服务行业，因为它能够提高客户与供应商的关系，电子商务术语出现了。
电子商务是指主要的相关商业关系或交易通过互联网实现的流程，包括采购，营销，销售和客户支持。
劳顿和特拉弗形容电子商务涉及所有时间周期，速度和全球化，可以增强生产力，获取新顾客和跨机构分享知识，通过数字化实现跨边界产品和服务的交易。
电子商务是商业圈各种关系演变而成的。
它可以是企业对个人的形式（B2C），企业对企业（B2B）的形式，商业业务（BIB）的形式，和最后的个人对个人（C2C）的形式。
电子商务商务英语外文翻译
附件1：外文资料翻译译文电子商务战略1、隐私隐私权问题是网上环境与电子商务战略辩论，也是当今最热门话题之一。
隐私不仅影响消费者在线信心与信任，而且还可能造成潜在法律问题与伦理问题。
如果消费者不熟悉电子隐私，对企业在线做法感到不满意，很难想像电子商务将有一个繁荣未来。
事实上，根据最近一项民意调查显示...美国人说，他们对医疗保健与犯罪关注比不上他们对网上个人隐私损失关注。
并根据全球DMA沃思林所进展研究，近百分之六十购物者说，立法会需要使企业保持良好隐私政策。
互联网行业是建立在企业与客户之间信任之上 - 隐私是信任最重要成分。
除非他们有效地解决了隐私问题，否那么互联网公司将会失去信任，以及他们客户生意。
世界之窗万维网是一个巨大有方便信息数据库，是可以轻松获得人，公司，机构与许多其他组织资料来源。
这带来了关于互联网上隐私问题。
消费者隐私得到了实质性关注，因为我们进入了新时代在线商务环境。
互联网开展制定出了有关未来保护消费者隐私权许多新问题。
新技术，可以提高数据收集，不断变化市场趋势与新电子商务全球市场正在促使越来越重要信息在全球经济中重要作用。
由于有关资料显示，特别是已成为了一种有价值商品，可以带来更多就业时机，企业与客户效劳。
因此，这些因素带来了越来越大压力，收集、保存、处理与使用个人数据比以前更多了。
这些因素也减少了消费者隐私与消费者信心水平在这样环境中缺乏。
在某些情况下，公司没有披露根本技术与数据收集特点已经成为了他们自己网站关注焦点。
用户认为该网站提供者并没有通知他们正在发生事情对他们幕后数据有多大作用。
站在公司角度想，说明他们是在监测未经授权目，这种做法很可能造成严重信誉问题，并且会阻止网络用户访问其网站与参与建议。
对于这些关系着未来营销方法与隐私问题解决方案，有技术战略已经开展到有助于预防与防范并且可以识别网站与网友称其为数据磁铁。
它们包括Cookie，网络信标〔或网页错误，这是在网站与商业电子邮件软件代码插入追踪访问与运动时，建立配置文件〕，数据聚合〔个人电子邮件地址与第三方销售或市场营销传播集合〕，个性化、软件下载与社区站点之间共享数据。
跨境电子商务中英文对照外文翻译文献
跨境电子商务中英文对照外文翻译文献中英文对照外文翻译(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)译文:本地化跨境电子商务的模型摘要通过对国际供应链的B2B电子商务交易量的快速增长和伊朗快速增加的跨境交易业务，跨境电商过程的有效管理对B2B电子商务系统十分重要。
本文对局部模型的结构是基于B2B电子商务的基础设施三大层，消息层、业务流程层和内容层。
由于伊朗的电子商务的要求，每一层的需要适当的标准和合适的方案的选择。
当电子文件需要移动顺利向伊朗，建议文件的标准为文件内容支持纸质和电子文件阅读。
验证提出的模型是通过案例研究方法呈现一到四阶段的情景。
本文试图通过交换商业文件在贸易过程中这一局部模型，实现在全球电子贸易供应链更接近区域单一窗口建设的关键目标。
关键词：电子商务;跨境贸易;电子文档管理;国际供应链1.简介电子商务是关于在互联网或其他网络电子系统购买和销售产品或服务。
术语B2B（企业对企业），描述了企业间的电子商务交易，如制造商和批发商，或批发商和零售商之间。
本文的研究目标是上两个不同国家贸易商之间的通信。
今天的世界贸易组织的主要目标之一是建立区域单一窗口，可以提高世界各地的贸易便利化。
建立区域单一窗口需要跨境海关，可以有效地交换贸易文件。
因此，首先，简化跨境贸易文件的关键在于朝着国家单一窗口移动。
然后，区域单一窗口可以授权国家之间的通信。
电子商务模型是基于三个主要逻辑层的研究。
这三个层消息传输层，业务处理层和内容层。
本文的局部模型是一种能够自动交换读取文件的过程。
通过与东亚和中东国家的建立区域单一窗口可以在将来得到改善的更多的互操作性，从而建立伊朗国家单一窗口在本文的第二部分讨论引进国际供应链中的跨境B2B模式所需的基本概念和标准。
第三部分介绍在大的模型中引入的组件功能和范围。
第四部分讨论了B2B交易层模型的定位，最后结束本文。
2.背景在本节中，除了了解B2B电子商务在伊朗的情况，还有参考模型的背景等概念以及讨论B2B电子商务跨境模式的本土化。
自考-电子商务英语-语句翻译大全
自考-电子商务英语-语句翻译大全1.他已成为各种贸易和商务的强有力的手段It hasbecome a powerful medium and businesstransactions of all kinds2.电子贸易指网上财务往来电子商务则指有形式的网上交易E-commerce refers to financial transactionsover the Web and e-business refers to all formsof transactions over the Wed3.客户服务已经是并将继续是一个主要的竞争因素Customer service has been and continues to be amajor competitive factor4.电子商务的交易通常涉及几个互动的步骤E-businesstransactions often involve several interactivesteps5.那将给你以极大的竞争优势That will give you aserious advantage over your competition6.当你的公司电子商务化后，你与客户之间的关系就改变了When you become an e-business you transformyour relationship with your customers7.客户关系管理在你的商务程序中起决定作用Your mostcritical business process is customerrelationship management8.我们必须尽最大可能的利用我们已有的资源We mustmake the best possible use of the resources we have 9.男孩子们依次被召入会见考官The boys were summonedin turn to see the examiner10.他做一切事情都不考虑后果He does everythingregardless of the consequences11.这部分我们讨论企业的产品和服务以及行业和因特网的信息In this section we discuss the firm’sproduct or service along with information aboutthe industry and internet12.客户将能够舒舒服服的在家里享用信息，产品和服务Customers will be able to consume informationproduct and service from the comfort of the homes 13.在因特网上可以直接得到信息产品和服务，这就省掉了中间商，还会引起经济萎缩The internet allowsdirect access to information product and servicewhich cuts out middlemen and causes economicdeflation14.投资于该计划的机构在审核该商务计划时会有兴趣了解公司任何在竞争中取胜Institutions financingthe project which going through the business planwill be very interested in knowing how the companyis going to beat the competition15.该计划应对如何达到目标市场做出描述The planshould describe how the target markets are to bereached16.如果产品是在因特网上提供的无形信息就应该创造某种定价模式来调节价格If the product is intangibleinformation delivered over the internet oneshould try to create some sort of pricing modelto justify its prices17.网站最初将包含哪些特点及未来的扩展计划是怎样的What features will be incorporated in the siteinitially and what are the plans for futureenhancement or expansion18.你必须有计划的安排这些步骤以便将你的提议变成现实You must lay out the steps to make your proposala reality19.务必打个电话让我们知道你已安全的回家Be sure toring and let us know you’ve got back safely 20.这家旅馆可以为80位客人提供住宿，此外还有几个可供客人自己开火的套间The hotel itself canaccommodate 80 guests and in addition there areseveral self-catering apartments21.需要12个月来实施的战略也不可能成功 A strategythat requires more than 12 months to execute isalso unlikely to succeed22.当一个企业准备建立电子商务时他应该考虑清楚实现其战略目标的其他可选择的途径When preparing toestablish an e-business presence enterprisesshould explicitly consider alternative ways toattain the strategic objectives23.我们要在出发前把一切规划好We should geteverything planned out before our departure 24.正如把电子商务战略融入整体电子商务战略中是重要的一样，把商务评价系统融入进来也同样重要Just asit is important to integrate the e-businessstrategy into the overall business strategy it isequally important to integrate business model25.那样，最好的途径可能是开发新的潜能，改善现存的商业过程去实施新的商业模式In such instances thebest approach may be to build new capabilities andtransform existing business processes toimplement a new business model 26.评价一个人要充分考虑他的成绩We should take fullaccount of his achievements while evaluatingsomeone27.有时可以创立一个内在电子商务单位，然后把这单位分割出去成为独立的法人In some cases it may bedesirable to create an internal e-business unitand then spin off the unit as a separate legalentity28.这一前景理论上可行但实际上吹嘘过度Whilepossible in theory the promise was clearlyoversold29.这当然是重要的，但是董事会层面却远远不能理解While that is certainly important theunderstanding needed at the board level goes wellbeyond that30.为了获得市场份额，他们必须竭尽全力To gain marketshare they will go to great lengths31.然而，他解释说，设立两种对立的定价系统在某些时候可能导致不良企图的滋生However he explains thatsetting up two separate pricing systems is likelyto generate ill will at some point32.守住承诺适用于客服务过程的每一步Followingthrough on your promises applies to every step ofthe customer-service process33.这就解释了顾客通过同类比较发现的任何差别Thiswill account for any differential a customeruncovers using an apples-to-apples comparison 34.我们要事先准备所有申请材料We must have all theapplication materials prepared in advance35.你需要确定顾客需要你的某种产品的原因和你的电脑怎样才能满足那种需求You need to identify why yourcustomer needs your specific computer and how yourcomputer meets that need36.在商业中，客户服务对于其成长和繁荣至关重要In any business customer service is vital to growth and prosperity37.网络让你们建立起确实的一对一的动态关系The internet permits you to build a dynamicrelationships that are really one on one38.它确实需要你重新思考你的整个经营方式和管理企业的策略It really involves rethinking the entireway you do business and how you run your organization39.钱本身并不重要，重要的是钱的用途Money is not the end in itself but the application of it is mostimportant40.一旦有人跟你联系就要回应Once you’re contactedbe responsive41.一开始，这个公司没有管理和业务计划，到现在为止一切进展顺利At the outset the company had no management and operations plan in place and things have worked out just fine so far42.我们在销售厂家的婴儿产品的同时也提供生活方式和健康方面的信息We provide lifestyle andhealthcare information along with baby productsthat we sell for manufacturers43.这家公司预期1999年实现每月50%的增长The company expected a mouth-to-month growth rate of 50 percent 199944.预测存货需求最初对这个公司来说是件棘手的事情，但公司仅仅用了几个月时间就在网上找到了销售和存货的感觉Predicting inventory needs was tricky forthe company at first though it only took it a fewmonths online to develop a sense of sales and inventory45.现在，这家公司在刚刚建立自己的网站之后，正在寻求在其他玩具制造商曾经失败过的网上玩具商务中取得成功Now with its newly launched Wed site the company ia looking to succeed in the online toy business where others have failed46.网络圣杯是导致实际良好利润的专利内容The Holy Grail on the internet is proprietary content that leads to really good margins47.在求学的道路上，我们准备克服很多的困难On the way of study we must be ready to grapple with many difficulties48.至于在竞争中保持领先地位的问题，我们公司以产品挑选余地大和有两的服务和信息而引人注意When it comes to staying ahead of the competition our company distinguishes itself through a broad product selection and excellent service and information49.网络是一个及时的媒体，它让人为之兴奋，因为他迫使我们保证尽快送货The internet is a very timely medium which is exciting because it puts pressureon us to make sure we’re delivering as quicklyas possible50.我们必须想办法进入敌人的电脑获得情报We have to manage to get access to engmy’s computer and then get the intelligence51.CRM的目标是在企业的销售市场和顾客服务等活动之间建立一种协作，已获得和保持客户群CRM’s goal isto create a synergy among sales marketing andcustomer-service activities within anorganization in order to obtain and retaincustomers52.在许多公司里，部门之间的业务是不同的，所以你需要与你的业务相匹配的软件The lines betweendepartments are different in many companies andyou want the software to match your business 53.90年代早期这些公司摒弃了办公室哦写形式而进入了电子邮件和自动报表时代They abandonedcarbon-paper forms and dove into e-mail andautomated reports in the early 1990’s54.因为你无需定制软件包，所以你的公司只需几个礼拜而不是几个月的时间就可以实现电子化Because youdon’t need to customize these packages they canget you online within weeks instead of months55.严寒使水结冰Frost turns water into ice56.这常常需要定制软件It often calls for customizedsoftware57.选择一个CRM解决方案也是一次检验你业务的机会Choosing a CRM solution is also an opportunityexamine your business practices58.许多公司把eCRM看做是他们呼叫中心的自然扩充Manycompanies see eCRM as a natural extension of theircall centers59.每一个销售商都拥有庞大而稳固的技术支持力量和能帮助安装设备的合作伙伴Each of the vendors has alarge established base of supporting and partnersthat can assist with installations60.小企业也可以利用那些致力于销售自动化的网络公司的服Smaller organizations can also take advantageof the services of dot-com companies which focuson sales-force automation1 不论你业务的规模大小，全新的电子化结算与支付方式将使你无须再打印结算清单和支付邮资，也无须再投入大量的人力处理支付过程 No matter what size your business is, emerging alternatives will save you from having to point statements, pay for postage, and dedicate large numbers of people to processing payments.2客户可以在线审核结算清单、即刻完成转账Customers can review statements online and transfer funds instantly.3 该报告声称价值源于业务的改进而非成本的节约The report states that the value comes from business improvement rather than cost savings.4 edocs意识到此类技术具有更大的使用范围，因而避免使用EBPP这一术语而倾向于称其为因特网结算与客户管理Recognizing the large scope of these technologies , edocs eschews the term EBPP in favor of Internet billing and customer management.5 她说出了种种理由，但没有一条令人信服She presented a variety of reasons ,but none was convincing6 电子化结算能简化你绝大部分支付程序You’ll be able to streamline most of the process by billing your customer electronically.7 EBPP能降低你公司用于客户支持的费用EBPP can cut down the cost of your company’s customer support.8 传统的兑换方式惟有通过在结算单上填塞广告而获利Traditional billing methods present lucrative opportunities to stuff statements with ads.9 对客户而言，EBPP意味着随时随地可以了解账户数据T o the customer, EBPP means access to account data at any time , from anywhere.10 最妙的是，消费者无需再料理一大堆乱糟糟的账单 Best of all ,customer don’t have to deal with the clutter of bills.11 需要新的搜索方法以及能够将Web站点自动分类的软件New paradigms of searching are needed as well as new software that is able to categorize web sites automatically.12 信息和数据检索技术研发的目的在于提高检索的功用和效率The research and development in information and date retrieval is aimed at improving the effectiveness and efficiency of retrieval13 为了得到更好的检索结果，不仅需要提高检索引擎的技术，而且需要改进用户界面 In order to review better search results, it is not only necessary to improve the search engine technology , but also the user interface.14 文本信息嵌入到了特殊文件格式的二进制结构中 Thetextual information is embedded into the binary structure of the particular file format.15你这些乱糟糟的东西占用了太多的空间 Your cluttertakes up far too much space.16 它是便宜的，但在另一方面，质量很差It’s cheap , buton the other hand , the quality is poor.17 在网上手动分类导致极少的搜索结果Manual process of classifying on the web result in very few search results.18 那些不说英语或不以英语为本族语的人在互联网上受到很大的限制 People who do not speak English or who are non-native English speakers have many disadvantages on the web .19 按照信息的重要性进行分类也非常有必要It is necessary to rank information by importance.20 那机会太好了，不能错过That’s too good anopportunity to miss.21要在电子商务新时代获得成功，企业必须最大限度地扩大雇员在电子商务活动中的参与程度 To be successful in thenew age of electronic commerce, commerce , enterprisesmust be able to maximize the participation of their employees in e-commerce initiatives.22愿意买该产品或服务的人越多，价格就降的越多The more people willing to buy the product or service , the further the price drops.23 与过去两年相比，我们几年的销售额增加了一倍Compared with last two years , we have doubled the sales figure this year.24 各种各样规模的企业正加入到互联网经济中来，因此电子商务正迅速地改变着商业 Enterprises of all size arejoining the Internet economy and thus electronic commerce is rapidly transforming business.25 现在出现的一个焦点领域是间接采购，它是一项与用于企业经营的货物和服务的购买关联的开支Presently an emerging area of focus is indirect procurement , which is the spending associated with acquiring the goods and services required to run the enterprise.26 互联网采购自动化能够减少每一订单70%的申请费用Internet procurement automation has the potential toreduce requisition processing costs by 70% per order.27 规模经济得到乐实现，从而降低乐产品的成本，增加了购买组织投资的整体回报率 Economies of scale are realized ,enabling lower cost of goods and increasing the buying orga nization’s overall return on investment .28 个人并不是利用实物交易的惟一实体Individualsaren’t the only ones taking advantage of swapping. 29 我怎么也意想不到那个时候他会突然出现 I never thought that he would pop up then.30 这不仅可以给你带来一些本不可能的新买卖，而且还有助于你生意的发展Not only can it 31 bring new sales that you neverwould have had , but it helps promote your business 32所有这些趋势都毫无疑问地对电子商务市场产生着深远的影响。
电子商务英语英译汉
30.And because CRM is、、、hardware infrastructure{因为客户关系管理事业个新的应用软件频繁更迭、层次不穷的领域、开发一个灵活的软件体系结构及一个灵活的硬件基础结构尤为重要}
31.EVen as exchanges to enable rich interaction、、、dynamic pricing{正当信息交换技术的出现使得企业间极富价值的相互作用成为可能之时，各企业正期待者因特网将正真有活力的定价方式变成可能}
28.the first release of Intel’s 、、、、Now， it‘s matter of minutes{英特尔公司的信息提供系统文件在第一次提交文件时，将原本所需的长达两到三周的时间缩短到了平均三天，而现在。只需要几分钟就够了}
29.As a result of getting 、、、development cycle{更快了解机密文件的结果是；英特网公司四分之三的直接客户工程师将其产品研发周期缩短了一周或更多}
14.In today's business enviroment, the challenge associated with 、、、one of volume{在当今的电子商务环境下，挑战与沟通紧密相连，绝不仅仅是一个量的问题}
15.In the e-business environment,buliding a relationsheip with customers 、、、needs and descires{在电子商务的环境下，建立客户关系是至关重要的。如不倾听客户的呼声，采纳其建议，满足其需求和愿望，这一目标不可能达到的}
影响}
12.Executives who have successfully led change efforts 、、、、effective communication vehicles{曾经成功的领导了变革的决策者们主张亲自参加讨论和会议作为最有效的沟通方
电子商务
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Chapter 11.计算机专家用三个尺度来判断因特网的性能——延迟（latency）、包损失（packet loss）和可达性（reachability）。
2.（简答）电子商务管理依靠三个支柱：因特网及其技术，商业模式和营销。
因特网及其技术是电子商务存在的基础；一个商业模式有商业目标、价值传递系统和收益模式三部分组成；为顾客传递最大的价值是十分重要的一个方面，因此营销活动在电子商务中扮演着关键角色。
3.新概念模式基于六个要素：效率、价值、可测性、密集网络、交互性和全球化市场。
Chapter 21.由于因特网使用包交换（packet switching）技术，因此它有别于其他一些通信网络。
2.因特网最重要的发展是万维网的应用。
3.（名词解释）Metcalfe’s law：网络价值的增长与网络用户数量的平方成正比。
Chapter 31. （论述）创建在线企业的四个步骤：一开始必须对企业希望通过实施这些技术而达到什么样的目标做出评估。
第一，企业应该了解对多少比例的业务实施在线运行，以及这个比例是否会产生改变。
第二，企业应该清楚了解在线业务的目标——是赢利中心还是亏损中心。
第三，根据人口学、行为学或心理学来确定目标消费者。
在对在线业务所占比例、目标和目标顾客有了明确了解后，企业必须设法阐明通过什么途径传递最大化的顾客价值。
第一步是鉴别顾客对于价值的不同认识；第二步是选择将什么价值元素传递给顾客；第三步是提供价值；第四步是开发一个综合通讯工具包来帮助顾客理解价值的本质；最后一步，公司必须持续不断地评估顾客如何感知正在被传递的价值。
企业要获得成功，仅靠为顾客传递价值是远远不够的，必须将最大化顾客价值转变为最大化企业收入和利润。
因而，下一步就是收入模式的设计。
最后，商业模式应用与商业模式设计是两个完全分离的步骤，一个设计完美的模式不能弥补错误应用造成的损失。
2. （名词解释）价值更一般定义为，在对净收益和获得这些收益的代价的理解的基础上，对产品和服务的总体评估。
3.企业可以通过五种途径在网上赚钱：商务，广告，费用，出售用户信息和信用。
Chapter 41.可以用两种方法对网络商业模式进行分类：仅仅只在网上经营业务的商业模式叫单一模式；既在网上又在物理空间理经营业务的模式叫鼠标加水泥模式。
业内分析家认为鼠标加水泥的模式比较有优势，因为这种商业模式综合了传统和虚拟两种空间的特性。
2.（简答）一个公司如何成为B2C领域的领头羊？答案就是有效沟通并把价值传递给顾客。
3.网络市场有三种类型：以买方为中心的市场，以卖方为中心的市场，中立交易市场。
Chapter 51.卖方何时采用拍卖：首先，拍卖适合具有特殊价值的商品；其次，当拍卖会有很多投标者参与时能发挥出最大作用。
2.B2B拍卖会通常是清除库存的有效途径。
3.第二价格拍卖深受经济学家们的青睐，投标者可以自由表示自己愿意出的价钱。
逆向拍卖一开始，由买方出价，卖方相互竞价以达到买方的要求。
这种拍卖方式与其他方式的主要区别是受信用卡支持4.拍卖组织的拍卖活动一般采取两种形式——列表式和商品式。
在因特网上，绝大多数的拍卖地址都采用列表式。
5.拍卖网站采用限制投标者行为的两种方法：自动延时技术和代理投标。
Chapter 61.AIDA模式包含劝导客户产生购买行为的四个步骤，即引起注意、产生兴趣、激发愿望和构成行为。
2.为何要进行病毒蔓延式营销？首先，众多的社会关系网络都有了“在线版本”；其次，利用网络联络其他人要比传统的邮寄信件或电话迅速的多；最后，临界群体效应起了重要作用。
3.最适宜采用病毒式营销的产品具有以下特点：独特性，扣人心弦的产品概念，简单的产品概念，低廉的试用成本。
4.所谓SEO，就是合理组织网站的形式和内容，以提升网站在主要的搜索引擎网站中的排名。
公司提升自己网站排名的首选策略是改变网页上的标记。
5.旗帜广告有三种主要的类型：插播式广告、弹出式广告和下拉式广告。
6.（论述）对点击进入的理解：点击进入率已经成为衡量旗帜广告绩效的常用指标。
事实广告客户和广告代理商都应该认真考虑点击进入究竟意味着什么。
正如AIDA模式所表明的，更重要的是在获得客户注意力之后能引发他们的购买行为。
从两个角度考虑这个问题：如果客户没有点击广告，并不能判断该广告一定没有产生作用；而如果客户点击了广告，也不能证明广告就一定有效。
点击进入不无意义，但是不要仅仅因为点击进入率低就完全否定了你的旗帜广告。
应当关注整体的情况，考察一下广告对于品牌知名度和影响力是否产生了影响。
如果广告的点击进入率很高，也要考虑它是否代表了客户的真实反映，还是仅仅是由于广告设计而产生的结果。
从长远看来，具有前瞻性的广告客户和广告代理商不会局限于点击进入率。
其他媒体的广告客户会做的一切，也正是因特网广告客户努力的方向——进行市场调查追踪广告绩效。
客户对广告和品牌的态度，以及客户的品牌认知度是追踪的主要内容。
7.公司的网站是实施营销策略的中心。
Chapter 71.从制造商到顾客这一段供应链称为配送渠道。
2.顾客需求是供应链的驱动力。
3.供应链中最有价值的就是与市场相关的信息。
4.通过改善供应链中的信息流，网络技术从三个重要方面帮助供应链管理：共享知识，加快反应速度，降低服务成本。
5.供应链管理的四个发展阶段及特点：传统供应链，每个公司都把自己看做一个孤岛，不需要与其他公司共享信息，而且公司内部的信息共享也非常有限，导致经营效率低下；整合型供应链，公司不同职能部门之间共享信息，公司外部无法共享信息；协作型供应链，信息共享范围扩大至供应商和顾客；同步供应链，其目标不仅仅是共享信息，而是各公司进行同步运作。
Chapter 81.个性化营销就是将锁定销售目标的活动发挥到极致的程度。
2.为什么实施个性化营销：从顾客的角度看，个性化营销能够为他们减少交易麻烦；从公司的角度看，个性化营销有助于增强顾客的忠诚度。
3.个性化营销的两种途径：企业导向的方式和顾客导向的方式。
Chapter 91.许可营销提供的新视角：合作制造和顾客控制。
2.电子邮件展示了三种能力：交互性、迅速和可达性。
3.用户许可的几种方式：选择性退出，选择性加入，双重选择性加入或确认选择性加入。
4.（简答）许可营销必须包括如下几个步骤：明确的许可请求程序，确认程序，关系的确认，获得个人信息，通信联系控制，无摩擦退出能力。
5.许可营销中度量顾客的感兴趣程度：选择性退出率，实际选择性突出率，零通信率，用户资料更新率。
Chapter 101.（简答）数字产品的特征：（1）所有数字产品都是经验品或信任品（2）数字产品具有较高的固定生产成本和较低的边际销售成本（3）数字产品的产量不容易受生产能力的限制（4）数字产品更易共享、存储和收回。
2.通常有三种类型的产品：搜寻品、经验品和信任品。
3.（论述）数字产品有五种定价策略：零定价、捆绑销售；差别定价、订阅和地址许可。
公司为什么提供免费数字产品：提供免费数字产品的公司其主要收入来源是广告，因此，这些公司期望在顾客流量或活动量达到最高水平时赚取最大利润；通过免费分发产品鼓励顾客尝试使用数字产品；有时候免费提供数字产品是为了获得顾客个人信息；很多数字产品是由个人或者没有能力进行正规销售的小公司开发的。
捆绑定价是指提供一个产品组合，而不是销售单件产品。
有混合捆绑策略和单纯捆绑策略两种。
差别定价指的是对不同的顾客制定不同的价格。
在订阅这种方式中，顾客承诺购买定期的接入内容服务。
订阅成为一种有吸引力的定价策略有多种原因：首先，他可以降低一段时间内需求的不稳定性；其次，这种方式减少了处理交易的管理成本；最后，使用订阅策略能够提高顾客使用产品的频率。
地址许可是一种适用于单位用户的定价策略4.软件公司抵制侵权行为的两种方式：为合法的用户提供客户支持和被迫定价。
Chapter 111.在线社区的定义：在以计算机为媒介的环境中，由于共同目标而结合在一起并通过自定规则管理的人的集合。
2.当正确运作在线社区时，就会产生难以置信的忠诚度、极大地责任感和强烈的归属感。
3.社区的五个特征：目标、界限、互动、规则和自我组织。
4.在线社区的经营模式：社区组建者、交易/共享型社区和营利性组织的社区。
5.在线社区的收入来源：订阅费、交易费、广告收入和内容服务费。
Chapter 121.一个设计良好的市场调查制度使组织能够了解新机会、发展趋势和存在的威胁。
2.在市场调查中有四个步骤：数据采集，数据存储和共享，数据分析，撰写结论报告或采取行动。
3.从两个维度对在线市场调查进行分类：定性/定量与要求客户接触/不要求客户接触。
4.点击流数据记录可以分为四种类型：接入记录、代理记录、错误记录和引导记录。
5.点击流数据可用于以下方面的分析：路径或导航分析、广告分析和购物车分析。
Chapter 131.CMC(computer-mediated communication)以计算机为媒介的交流方式2.计算机犯罪的分类如下：内部计算机犯罪，计算机操作犯罪，电信犯罪，知识产权犯罪，通过计算机进行的民事权利犯罪，支持违法企业犯罪。
Chapter 141.知识产权是一种独特的具有市场价值的人类智力的产物。
2.企业保护知识产权的三种手段：专利、版权和商标。
3.联邦贸易委员会确立了在线公司必须采纳的四个公平信息准则：告知、选择、访问和安全。
Chapter 161.移动商务是一种新的商务形式，它通过使用多样化的设备如手机、个人数字助理、寻呼机、智能信息设备、汽车等来完成交易。
2.移动商务的性质：无处不在，定位，时间灵敏性，即时连接，个性化。
3.主要的移动商务应用：企业应用，移动门户，数字广播，无线游戏，移动交易，远程信息处理。