有机化学-英文实验文档书写
精选关于英文版化学实验报告
精选关于英文版化学实验报告篇一：英文版化学实验报告Title: Preparation of Fe scrap from waste(NH4) 2SO4.FeSO4.6H2OThe purpose of the experimentLearn the method used scrap iron preparation of ferrous ammonium sulfate.Familiar with the water bath, filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure and crystallization basic working.The experimental principle, the iron and sulfuric acid to generate reactive ferrous sulfate, ferrous sulfate and ammonium sulfate in an aqueous solution of equal molar interaction, becomes less soluble blue generate ferrous ammonium sulfate.Fe+H2SO4=FeSO4+H2 (gas)FeSO4+ (NH4)2SO4+6H2O=(NH4)2SO4.FeSO4.6H2O Usually ferrous rocks are easily oxidized in air, but after the formation of relatively stable perfunctory, not to be oxidized.Experiment to use instruments, scales, constant temperature water bath, pumps, basins, cups, 10ml graduated cylinder, asbestos mesh, glass, tripod, alcohol lamp, funnel.Iron pieces to a solid pharmaceutical use, use of acid ammoniumsulfate and 3mol / l of sulfuric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid.The experiment was divided into four steps.The first step Said iron powder 4g into a beaker and then 50ml 10ml, 3mol / L H2SO4 was added to the same beaker. The second step will be the beaker is heated to no more bubbles, and then filtered hot and the filtrate was then filled in 100ml beaker. The third step, called 4g (NH4)2SO4, and the resultingammonium sulfate and 5.3ml of water to form a saturated solution, and then add it to the ferrous sulfate solution, adjusted with concentrated sulfuric acid to PH = 1. A fourth step, the third step the solution was heated in a water bath to the surface until the film is crystallized, it was slowly cooled andthen filtered under reduced pressure to stand finally dried, weighed and the yield was calculated. The results obtained 8.1g bluish powdery crystals. Have this result we can calculate yield, starting with the first step we tried to know the amount of iron, should this we can calculate the theoretical sulfate ferrous sulfate is 0.03mol, then ferrous sulfate obtained by the0.03molFeSO4 theoretical value of ammonium. FeSO4+（NH4）2SO4+6H2O=FeSO4.(NH4)2SO4.6H2O 0.03molX molX=0.03molm=XM=0.03molⅹ392g/mol=11.76gYield = the actual value of the formula is divided by the theoretical value by 100%.it will be calculated into the data obtained in a yield of 68.9%.篇二：英文版化学实验报告The preparation of alkali type copper carbonateThe first:the experiment purpose1.Master the methods of alkali type copper carbonate prepared and principle2.Through the design experiment to cultivate independent design ability and chemical research thinkingThe second:the experimental principleThe solubility of Cu(OH)2and CuCO3 are similar, With Cu2(OH)2CO3 solid precipitation in the solution.2CuSO4+2Na2CO3+H2O==Cu2(OH)2CO3↓+2Na2SO4+CO2↑The third:the experimental steps1.Solution preparationDisposes 0.5 mole of each litre acid sour coppers and sodium carbonate solution each 100 milliliters.2.The feeding order and raw material compare the explorationAccording to 2:1.6,2:2,2:2.4,2:2.8 allocated proportion, is accepted after passing an examination the surface disposition acid sour copper and the sodium carbonate solution, joins in separately 8 test tubes, joinsrapidly the sulfuric acid copper solutions in the sodium carbonate solution, vibrates about other constant temperature ten minutes as for 75 degrees Celsius water baths in, the inversion feeding order recreates one time, the observation has the precipitation speed, quantity how many and the color, discovers the optimum condition.3.Temperature explorationAccording to the above optimum condition, takes the acid sour copper solutions and the sodium carbonate solution separately under 50, 75 and 100 degrees Celsius responded that, discovers the optimum temperature.4.According to 2, 3 step exploration optimum condition prepares the final product, and with the distilled water lavation, finally dries and calls heavily.(Enlarges ten times with conical flask to do)The fourth:the experimental itemsInstrument and material: The balance, the beaker, the glass rod, the Volumetric flask, the test tube, the filter flask,the Buchner funnel, the Erlenmeyer flaskChemicals: Copper carbonate, sodium sulfateThe fifth:the experimental result1.By the step 2, the observation phenomenon optimum condition is equal to for the cupric sulfate compared to the sodium carbonate 2:2.4, the feeding order for joins the sulfuric acid copper solutions to the sodiumcarbonate solution in.2.By the step 3, the observation phenomenon optimum temperature is 75 degrees Celsius3.According to the copper sulfate solution than sodium carbonatesolution is 2:2. 4, ten times magnification, alkali type copper carbonate was zero point five grams, according to the reaction equation calculation yield.2CuSO4+2Na2CO3+H2O==Cu2(OH)2CO3↓+2Na2SO4+CO2↑2 10.5*0.02 X2/(0.5*0.02)=1/XX=0.005M[Cu2(OH)2CO3]=0.005*222=1.11gProductive rate:0.5/1.11*100%=45%The sixth : Questions1. Which cupric salt suit the system to take the cupric basic carbonate? Answer:Cu(NO)3 or CuSO42. The reaction temperature has what influence to this experiment?.Answer:The temperature excessively is low, the response speed is slow; The hyperpyrexia, the Cu2(OH)2CO3 decomposition is CuO.3. Reaction is carried out at what temperature will appear Brown product? What is the brown substance?Answer: The temperature is equal to 100 degrees Celsius and this brown material is CuO.篇三：化学专业英语实验报告In the physiological saline the sodium chloride content determinationone, the experimental goal1、the study silver nitrate standard solution configuration and the demarcation method2、the grasping law raises Si Fa to determine the chloride ion the method principle two, the experimental principleWith AgNO3 standard solution titration Cl - Ag + + Cl - = = AgCl，At ph 7.0 -10.5 available fluorescent yellow do indicator (HFIn)HFIn = = FIn (yellow) + H +Sp before: excessive, AgCl precipitation adsorption of Cl - AgCl Cl - + FIn - (yellow-green)After Sp: Ag +, excessive AgCl precipitation Ag + adsorption, adsorption FIn - reprecipitation AgCl, Ag + + FIn - = = AgCl, Ag +, FIn - (pink) The finish color changes: from yellowish green to orange Three, instruments and reagentsEquipment and materials：Acid type buret (150 ml), taper bottle (250 ml), volumetric flask (100 ml), pipette (20 ml, 10 ml), measuring cylinder (100 ml, 10 ml), beaker (100 ml), brown reagent bottles (500 ml),analytical balance, platform scale. The reagent and drug: Analysis of AgNO3 (s, pure), NaCl (s,analysis of pure), physiological saline, fluorescent yellow - starch. Fourth, the experimental stepsAccurately moving 25 ml concentration is 0.7064 mol ╱L of silver nitrate standard solution in the middle of 250 ml volumetric flask, dilute to scale as a standard solution titration.Accurately moving saline 10.00 ml to 250 ml conical flask, add 50 ml water, 3 drops of fluorescent yellow indicator, 5% starch indicator 5 ml, under continuous agitation, using silver nitratestandard solution titration to solution from yellow to pink is the end point. Record the consumption volume of silver nitratestandard solution, parallel determination of 3, calculate the sodium chloride content in saline and relative mean deviation.Fifth, data recording and processingFormula: ρ = V×MrNaCl×CAgNO3 x 100The average deviation d=0.01300 dr=d/ρ×100%=0.13%。
有机实验记录英文范例模板
有机实验记录英文范例模板Part1:反应前的装置描述1.1:A3L three-necked round bottom flask equipped with mechanical stirrer(or magnetic stirrer),addition funnel and thermometer(or Dean-Stock;drying tube)1.2:All flasks used in the reaction were heated under vacuum for30 minutes and purged with N2for10minutes.(无水反应装置)Part2:加料2.1:不同的顺序和表达2.1.1:A3L three-necked round bottom flask equipped with mechanical stirrer(or magnetic stirrer),addition funnel and thermometer(or Dean-Stock;drying tube)were charged with A(10mL,1mole),B(2g,mole)and C(50mL),2.1.1.1:a solution of D(10g,1mole)in E(20mL)was added dropwise (via addition funnel or syringe)at10oC(or while maintaining gentle reflux;while keeping inner temperature between10oC–30oC)under N2（液体滴加到反应液中）2.1.1.2:D(10g,1mole)was added in portions during a period of1hr (固体分批加入到反应液中)2.1.1.3:D(10g,1mole)and E(20mL)were added in turn.2.2:To a solution(mixture,suspension or slurry)of A(10mL,1mole) and B(2g,mole)in C(50mL)2.2.1:was added dropwise a solution of D(10g,1mole)in E(20mL)with stirring at10oC(or while maintaining gentle reflux;while keeping inner temperature between10oC–30oC)under N22.2.2:was added D(10g,1mole)in portions duringa period of1hr 2.2.3:were added D(10g,1mole)and E(20mL)in turn2.3:2.3.1:A solution of D(10g,1mole)in E(20mL)was added dropwise intoa solution(mixture or suspension)of A(10mL,1mole)and B(2g,mole) in C(50mL)at10oC(or while maintaining gentle reflux;while keeping inner temperature between10oC–30oC)under N2.2.3.2:D(10g,1mole)was added into a solution(mixture or suspension) of A(10mL,1mole)and B(2g,mole)in C(50mL)in portions2.3.3:D(10g,1mole)and E(20mL)were added into a solution(mixture or suspension)of A(10mL,1mole)and B(2g,mole)in C(50mL)in turn2.4:2.4.1:A solution of BuLi or BH3/THF(10mL,1mole,2.5M in hexane)was cannulated into addition funnel or into a solution A in solvent B2.4.2:A solution of BuLi or BH3/THF(10mL,1mole,2.5M in hexane)was added into a solution of A in solvent B via cannula,dropping funnel or syringe over a period of hrsPart3:反应3.1:无溶剂反应A(1g,1mol)and B(1g,1mol)were dissolved insolvent C,evaporated to dryness and heated for x hours at x oC3.2:催化量的反应A(20mL,142mmol)and catalytic amount(a traceamount or two drops)of B were added into a solution of C(4.549g,46.4mmol)in D(120mL)at0 oC3.3:闷罐反应或封管反应A solution of A(x g,x mol)in methanol(x mL)saturated with NH3(or other gas such as:CO,CO2,H2S)was stirred under50Psi at x oC for x hours in a50mL of sealed tube or autoclave.3.4:有气体参与的反应3.4.1:A solution of A(x g,x mol)in methanol(xmL)saturated with HCl was stirred at x℃.3.4.2:Ozone was bubbled into a solution of A(x g,x mol)in MeOH(x mL) at x oC for15minutes.After excess O3was purged by N2,Me2S(x mL)was added at x oC.3.4.3:Gas was bubbled into a solution of A(x g,xmol)and B(x g,x mol) in solvent C(x mL)at x oC for x hours.3.5:混合溶剂参与的反应3.5.1:To a solution of A(x g,x mol)in a mixture of solvent B(mL)and solvent C(x mL)(or a mixed solvent of B and C)was added D(x g,x mol) at x oC,the reaction mixture was allowed to stir(reflux or heat)for x hrs.3.5.2:To a solution of A(x g,x mol)in10:1aqueous acetone(x mL) was added B(x g,x mol)followed by addition of C(x g,x mol),the reaction mixture was allowed to stir(reflux or heat)for x hrs.3.6:分水器分水的反应3.6.1:A(x g,x mol)and B(x g,x mol)in benzene or toluene(x mL)were refluxed for x hours with azeotropical removal of water.3.6.2;A mixture of A,B and TsOH.H2O(56.91g,0.3mol)in toluene(400 mL)was heated to reflux and remove water by Dean-Stark trap.3.7:氢化反应To a solution of A(x g,x mol)in EtOH(x mL)was added Pd-C or Ra-Ni or Pd(OH)2/C(10%,x g)under N2.The suspension was degassed under vacuum and purged with H2several times.3.7.1:The mixture was stirred under H2(x psi)at x℃for x hours.[氢化瓶或高压釜]3.7.2:The mixture was stirred under H2balloon at x℃for x hours.[常压氢化如气球反应]3.7.3:A mixture of A(x g,x mol)and Ra-Ni(x g)in EtOH(x mL)was hydrogenated under50Psi of hydrogen pressure for xhours at room temperature.Part4:反应条件或过程描述4.1:The reaction mixture(solution or suspension)was stirred at5oC for 2hrs and then kept at room temperature(or ambienttemperature)for another2hrs(or overnight)4.2:The reaction mixture(solution or suspension)was refluxed(heated to reflux)or heated at60oC for2hrs(or overnight)4.3:The reaction mixture(solution or suspension)was allowed to reflux (or heat to reflux)for2hrs(or overnight)4.4:The reaction mixture(solution or suspension)was allowed to warm to temperature during2hrs and reflux(or heat toreflux)for2hrs(or overnight)Part5:反应监测5.1:Taking sample from the reaction mixture(solution or suspension)by dropping tube or syringe.After workup,check the reaction via TLC,LC-MS or HPLC etc..(预处理)5.2:反应状态或终点描述5.2.1:The reaction was complete(incomplete or messy)detected (determined or confirmed)by TLC(PE/EtOAc4:1),LC-MS,HPLC or NMR5.2.2:TLC(PE:EtOAc=1:1)or HPLC(107757-088-1)showed or indicated that the reaction was complete.5.2.3:TLC(PE:EtOAc=1:1)or HPLC(107757-088-1)showed the starting material was consumed completely.5.2.4:TLC(PE:EA=1:1)or HPLC(107757-088-1)showed the reaction didn’t work at all or most of starting material was still remained.5.2.5:The starting material was consumed completely,but no desired compound was detected or determined by MS(106657-078-1)or LC-MS (106657-078-1).5.2.6:Several spots were shown on TLC.5.2.7:Only a trace amount of desired compound was detected by MS (106657-078-1)or LC-MS(106657-078-1)or HPLC(106657-078-1)or TLC (PE:EtOAc=1:1).5.2.8:The desired compound could not be isolated,separated or purified by chromatography or prep.HPLC due to poor yield or poor solubility.5.2.9:1H NMR(106675-010-2)or MS confirmed the obtained(or isolated) compound is not the desired compound.The reaction was failed.Part6:反应淬灭6.1:An aqueous solution of A(10mL)was added dropwise into the reaction mixture once the reaction mixture(solution orsuspension)was allowed to warm(or cool)to-5oC or room temperature(ambient temperature).6.2:The hot(or cold)reaction mixture(solution orsuspension)was poured into water(ice water)or poured onto ice.6.3:The reaction mixture(solution or suspension)was concentrated (distilled)under reduced pressure(in vacuum)or evaporated to remove MeOH(THF;DMF etc.)or excess SOCl2(reagent).Then the reaction residue (or the residual)was diluted with solvent and poured into water(ice water) or poured onto ice.Part7:分液提取7.1:The residue was partitioned between ethylacetate(100mL)and1N aq. HCl(50mL).The separated organic layer was washed with water,dried over (Na2SO4or MgSO4)and evaporated to dryness.7.2:After quenching the reaction,the reaction mixture was poured into separatory funnel and separated.7.3:The aqueous layer(or phase)was extracted with organic solvent(40 mL)twice(or X times).The combined organic layers were(or the organic layers were combined and)washed with an aqueous solution of A(50mL) or water and dried over Na2SO4or MgSO4.7.4:The combined aqueous layers were extracted with solvent(40mL)twice (or X times)to remove neutral impurities.The aqueous phase was acidified (or basified)with aqueous HCl(or NaHCO3)till PH=X and extracted with organic solvent.7.5:The combined organic layers were(or theorganic layers were combined and)washed with an aqueous solution of A(50mL)or water and dried over Na2SO4or MgSO4.Part8:浓缩蒸发8.1:After filtration via filter paper or Celitepad,the organic layer (or extract)was concentrated under reduced pressure(or in vacuum)or evaporated to dryness to provide(afford;giveor yield)an oil(or foam) (which solidified on standing)or a white solid.8.2:The organic layer(or extract)was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure(or in vacuum)or evaporated to dryness to provide (afford or give)A(10g,0.5mole)an oil(or foam)(which solidified on standing)or a white solid.8.3:After removal of solvent by evaporation or concentration,A(10g, 0.5mole)was obtained(or prepared)an oil(orfoam)(which solidified on standing)or a white solid.8.4:The extract in CH2Cl2was evaporated to dryness and then swapped with toluene to remove residual CH2Cl2.Part9:几种常见的后处理描述9.1:The reaction mixture or solution was concentrated to dryness.[适用于反应液不需要quench]9.2:After the reaction mixture was cooled to0℃,the reaction mixture was quenched by addition of xmL of H2O,followed by x mL of15%aqueous NaOH.After being stirred at room temperature for x hour,the solid was removed by filtration(orthe mixture was filtered)through Celite pad to remove by-product).The filtrate was concentrated to dryness to give crude product.[LiAlH4反应的经典后处理]9.3:The mixture was diluted with water(x mL),neutralized with solid K2CO3until no CO2was evolved.[适用于酸性反应液的后处理]9.4:The suspension was filtered through a pad of Celite or silica gel and the pad or filter cake was washed with EtOH(xmL×x).The combined filtrates were concentrated to dryness to give product(x g,x%)as.[适用氢化反应的后处理,或者难于过滤的反应液的后处理,但要注意的是这里需要的是滤液而不是固体才能添加助滤剂]9.5:The reaction mixture was poured into x mL of ice-water carefully and the organic layer or phase was separated.[产物在有机相里]9.6:The reaction mixture was poured into x mL of ice-water carefully and the aqueous phase was washed with Et2O(x mL×x)[产品在水相]and acidified with1NHCl to pH=3.The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration or the resulting solution was extracted with EA(x mL×x).9.7:The reaction mixture was filtered and the filter cake was washed with x mL of solvent,dried in vacuum to give or afford product.[这里需要的是固体而不是滤液]9.8:The reaction mixture was quenched with x mL of saturated aqueous NH4Cl. The resulting solution was extracted with EA(xmL×x).[适用于丁基锂等活泼金属有机物的后处理]9.10:The residue was triturated with ether and filtered to afford a white solid.(磨碎)9.11:The crude product was purified by prep.HPLC to give A as a colorless thick oil which was solidified on standing.(静止固化)9.12:After prep.HPLC purification,the eluent was concentrated or evaporated to remove organic solvents.The residual aqueous solution was lyophilized to give a white solid.(冷冻干燥)9.13:After concentration,the crude product was used directly for the next step without purification.Part10:产品的纯化10.1:The crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography eluted with PE:EtOAc=10:1to give product(x g,x%)as yellow solid.10.2:The crude product was purified by recrystallization(or recrystallized)from x solvent(x mL).10.3:The crude product was distilled in vacuum(xoC,x pressure)to afford pure product(x g,x%)as colorless liquid.10.4:The crude product was pre-purified by column chromatography followed by prep.HPLC purification or re-crystallization to afford pure product.。
英文版化学实验报告
英文版化学实验报告英文版化学实验报告IntroductionIn the field of chemistry, experimental reports play a crucial role in documenting and sharing scientific findings. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive guide on how to write an effective English version of a chemistry experimental report. By following a structured approach and using appropriate language, scientists can effectively communicate their research findings to a wider audience.Experimental ProcedureThe experimental procedure section is an essential component of a chemistry report as it outlines the steps taken to conduct the experiment. In an English version of the report, it is important to use clear and concise language to describe each step. Additionally, it is crucial to include any specific measurements, equipment used, and any modifications made to the original procedure. This section should provide enough detail for readers to replicate the experiment.Results and Data AnalysisThe results and data analysis section is where the experimental findings are presented. When writing an English version of this section, it is important to use appropriate scientific terminology and units of measurement. Any tables, graphs, or figures should be clearly labeled and referred to in the text. Additionally, it isimportant to provide a thorough analysis of the data, discussing any trends, patterns, or anomalies observed.Discussion and ConclusionThe discussion and conclusion section is where the experimental results are interpreted and analyzed in the context of the research question or hypothesis. In an English version of this section, it is important to use logical and coherent language to present the findings. Any limitations or sources of error should be acknowledged, and suggestions for further research can be made. The conclusion should summarize the main findings and their significance.Safety ConsiderationsIn any chemistry experiment, safety considerations are of utmost importance. In an English version of the report, it is crucial to include a section dedicated to safety precautions taken during the experiment. This section should outline any hazardous materials used, safety equipment utilized, and any potential risks associated with the experiment. Clear and concise language should be used to ensure the reader understands the importance of safety protocols. ReferencesIn scientific research, it is essential to provide proper credit to the sources of information and ideas used. In an English version of the report, a references section should be included to list all the sources consulted during the experiment. The references should be formatted according to the appropriate citation style, such as APA or MLA. It is important to accurately cite all sources,including books, journal articles, and online resources, without including any direct links.ConclusionWriting an English version of a chemistry experimental report requires attention to detail and clear communication. By following a structured approach and using appropriate scientific terminology, researchers can effectively present their findings to a wider audience. The experimental procedure, results and data analysis, discussion and conclusion, safety considerations, and references sections are all crucial components of a comprehensive chemistry report. By adhering to these guidelines, scientists can contribute to the advancement of scientific knowledge and promote effective communication within the scientific community.。
英文有机化学实验-甲基橙的合成
H2N
SO3H + NaOH
H2N
SO3Na + H2O
Sulfanilic acid, insoluble in acid solution and soluble in basic solution, is an amphoteric compound（两性化合物）.
Its acidity is slightly stronger than its basicity.
⑤ Concentrated hydrochloride acid
⑥ Glacial acetic acid（冰乙酸 FW 60）7.2mL（7.5g 0.125mol）
⑦ Sodium chloride
➢4 Procedure实验流程 4.1
Sulfanilic acid （1.7g，0.01mol）
✓1.2 Master the technique of recrystallization.
➢2. Principle
Reactions
H2N
NaOH SO3H
H2N
SO3Na NaNO2, HCl
HO3S
N2Cl
N(CH3)2 HAc
HO3S
NN
N(CH3)2
NaOH
NaO3S
NN
N(CH3)2
有机化学实验 Experimental Organic Chemistry
Synthesis of Methyl Orange（甲基橙的合成）
Synthesis of Methyl Orange
（甲基橙的合成）
➢1. Purpose
✓1.1 Study the principle and method of methyl orange from diazotized sulfanilic acid （对氨基苯磺酸重氮盐） and N,N-dimethylaniline by the diazo coupling reaction （重氮化偶联反应）。
化学实验英语作文
化学实验英语作文Title: A Chemistry Experiment: Synthesis of Aspirin。
Chemistry experiments are not only fascinating but also crucial for understanding the principles of chemical reactions and their applications in real-life scenarios. In this essay, we delve into the synthesis of aspirin, a commonly used medication, detailing the procedure, observations, and significance of the experiment.The synthesis of aspirin involves the reaction between salicylic acid and acetic anhydride in the presence of a catalyst, typically sulfuric acid. The reaction yields aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) and acetic acid as byproducts. The process can be summarized by the following chemical equation:\[C_7H_6O_3 + (CH_3CO)_2O \rightarrow C_9H_8O_4 +CH_3COOH\]This reaction is a classic example of esterification, wherein an alcohol (the -OH group in salicylic acid) reacts with a carboxylic acid derivative (acetic anhydride) toform an ester (aspirin) and a carboxylic acid (acetic acid).The experimental procedure begins with measuring the required amounts of salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. These are then mixed in a flask along with a few drops of concentrated sulfuric acid, which acts as a catalyst. The mixture is gently heated under reflux, allowing thereaction to proceed efficiently. Refluxing prevents theloss of volatile reactants and ensures a higher yield ofthe desired product.During the reaction, one can observe changes in the appearance of the mixture. Initially, the mixture may be a white powder or small crystals of salicylic acid. As the reaction progresses, the mixture becomes more homogeneous, and the formation of aspirin can be visually confirmed bythe appearance of white crystals. The reaction is typically complete within a couple of hours.After the completion of the reaction, the mixture is cooled, and the aspirin crystals are collected via filtration. The crude product obtained may still contain impurities, such as unreacted starting materials or side products. Purification techniques, such as recrystallization, can be employed to obtain pure aspirin crystals.The purified aspirin crystals are then dried and weighed to determine the yield of the reaction. Theoretical yield calculations can be performed based on the stoichiometry of the reaction, allowing for the comparison of actual versus expected yields. Factors affecting yield, such as the purity of reagents, reaction conditions, and the efficiency of purification techniques, can be analyzed and discussed.The significance of this experiment extends beyond the synthesis of a common pharmaceutical compound. It provides insights into fundamental chemical principles, such as stoichiometry, kinetics, and the role of catalysts in chemical reactions. Moreover, it highlights the importanceof practical skills, such as accurate measurement, observation, and data analysis, in experimental chemistry.Furthermore, the synthesis of aspirin illustrates the application of chemistry in everyday life. Aspirin, withits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties, is one of the most widely used medications worldwide. Understanding its synthesis not only enhances our knowledge of chemistry but also underscores the importance of pharmaceutical chemistry in healthcare.In conclusion, the synthesis of aspirin is a classic chemistry experiment that offers valuable insights into chemical reactions, purification techniques, and the application of chemistry in the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds. Through hands-on experience and analysis, students can deepen their understanding of chemistry while appreciating the relevance of chemical principles in society.。
化学实验报告 英文版
化学实验报告英文版Chemical Experiment ReportAbstract:This report presents the findings and analysis of a chemical experiment conducted to investigate the effects of temperature on the rate of reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3). The experiment involved varying the temperature of the reactants and measuring the time taken for the reaction to occur. The results indicate a clear correlation between temperature and reaction rate, with higher temperatures leading to faster reactions.Introduction:Chemical reactions are influenced by various factors, including temperature, concentration, and catalysts. The purpose of this experiment was to examine the impact of temperature on the rate of a chemical reaction. The reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulfate was chosen due to its well-documented reaction kinetics.Methodology:The experiment was conducted using a simple setup consisting of a conical flask, a stopwatch, and a thermometer. Initially, 50 mL of 1 M hydrochloric acid was poured into the flask, followed by the addition of 10 mL of 0.1 M sodium thiosulfate. The stopwatch was started as soon as the sodium thiosulfate was added, and the time was recorded when the solution turned opaque due to theformation of a yellow precipitate. The experiment was repeated at different temperatures by immersing the flask in water baths maintained at specific temperatures.Results and Discussion:The experiment was carried out at four different temperatures: 20°C, 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C. The average reaction times at each temperature were recorded and are presented in Table 1 below:Temperature (°C) Reaction Time (s)20 12030 9040 7050 50Table 1: Average reaction times at different temperaturesFrom the results, it is evident that as the temperature increased, the reaction time decreased. This indicates that higher temperatures accelerate the rate of the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulfate. The relationship between temperature and reaction rate can be explained by the collision theory. According to this theory, particles must collide with sufficient energy to overcome the activation energy barrier for a reaction to occur. As temperature increases, the average kinetic energy of the particles also increases, leading to more frequent and energetic collisions.Furthermore, the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulfate isexothermic, meaning it releases heat. As the reaction progresses, the released heat raises the temperature of the solution, further increasing the reaction rate. This positive feedback mechanism contributes to the observed trend of faster reactions at higher temperatures.Conclusion:In conclusion, this experiment demonstrates the significant influence of temperature on the rate of the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulfate. As temperature increases, the reaction time decreases due to more energetic collisions and the exothermic nature of the reaction. These findings have practical implications in various fields, such as industrial chemistry and environmental science, where controlling reaction rates is crucial.Further research could explore the effect of temperature on other chemical reactions and investigate the specific activation energy values for different reactants. Additionally, studying the impact of other factors, such as concentration and catalysts, on reaction rates would provide a comprehensive understanding of chemical kinetics.。
有机化学实验 英文
有机化学实验英文Organic Chemistry Experiment.Organic chemistry experiments are an essential part of the study of organic compounds and their properties. These experiments involve the synthesis, purification, and characterization of various organic compounds, as well as the study of their reactivity and behavior under different conditions. Students typically perform a wide range of experiments, including the synthesis of simple organic compounds, the identification of unknown compounds, and the study of organic reactions and mechanisms.In the laboratory, students may be tasked with carrying out procedures such as distillation, extraction, chromatography, and spectroscopic analysis to isolate and characterize organic compounds. They may also explore the principles of organic synthesis by performing reactions such as esterification, Grignard reactions, and Friedel-Crafts alkylation.Furthermore, safety considerations and proper handling of chemicals are important aspects of organic chemistry experiments. Students are expected to adhere to strict safety protocols and use appropriate personal protective equipment to minimize the risk of accidents or exposure to hazardous substances.Overall, organic chemistry experiments provide students with hands-on experience and a deeper understanding of the principles and applications of organic chemistry. Through these experiments, students gain practical skills, develop critical thinking abilities, and learn to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world problems in the field of organic chemistry.。
化学实验报告 英文
化学实验报告英文Chemistry Experiment ReportIntroduction:In the field of science, experiments play a crucial role in deepening our understanding of various phenomena. This report aims to present the findings and observations from a recent chemistry experiment conducted in the laboratory. The experiment focused on the reaction between two chemicals and explored the effects of different variables on the reaction rate.Experimental Procedure:The experiment began by carefully measuring and preparing the required chemicals: sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). These chemicals were chosen due to their well-known reaction, which produces salt and water. The experiment aimed to investigate how factors such as concentration, temperature, and catalysts influenced the reaction rate.To start the experiment, a fixed volume of NaOH solution was poured into a conical flask. The concentration of NaOH was varied in different trials, ranging from 0.1 M to 1.0 M. The flask was placed on a magnetic stirrer to ensure uniform mixing. Then, a burette was used to add a fixed volume of HCl solution to the flask. The reaction was monitored by observing the formation of a white precipitate, indicating the completion of the reaction.Results and Discussion:The experiment revealed several interesting findings. Firstly, it was observed thatas the concentration of NaOH increased, the reaction rate also increased. This can be attributed to the higher number of NaOH particles available to react with HCl, leading to more frequent collisions and faster reaction kinetics. Furthermore, the effect of temperature on the reaction rate was investigated. It was found that as the temperature increased, the reaction rate also increased. This can be explained by the kinetic theory of gases, which states that at higher temperatures, particles possess greater kinetic energy and move more rapidly. Consequently, more collisions occur, resulting in a faster reaction rate.The influence of catalysts on the reaction rate was also examined. A small amount of catalyst, in the form of manganese(IV) oxide (MnO2), was added to the reaction mixture. It was observed that the presence of the catalyst significantly increased the reaction rate. Catalysts provide an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy, allowing the reaction to proceed more rapidly.Conclusion:In conclusion, this experiment provided valuable insights into the factors affecting the reaction rate between NaOH and HCl. The concentration of the reactants, temperature, and the presence of catalysts were identified as key variables influencing the rate of the reaction. Understanding these factors is crucial in various industrial processes where reaction rates play a vital role.It is important to note that this experiment focused on a specific reaction and variables. Further research could explore the effects of other factors, such aspressure and surface area, on the reaction rate. Additionally, investigating the reaction kinetics using mathematical models could provide a more comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms.Overall, this experiment highlights the significance of chemistry in unraveling the mysteries of the natural world. By conducting experiments and analyzing the results, scientists can uncover fundamental principles that govern chemical reactions, paving the way for advancements in various fields, including medicine, energy, and materials science.。
化学实验英文作文
化学实验英文作文Experiment 1。
So, I was in the lab today and I accidentally spilled some of the chemical on the table. It was a total mess, but luckily I cleaned it up before anyone noticed.Experiment 2。
I was heating up the solution in the test tube and suddenly it started bubbling and changing color. It was so cool to see the chemical reaction happening right in front of me.Experiment 3。
I added a few drops of the indicator into the solution and the color changed instantly. It was like magic! I love how chemistry can be so visually fascinating.Experiment 4。
When I mixed the two substances together, there was a sudden release of gas and it made a popping sound. It was a bit unexpected, but definitely exciting.Experiment 5。
I accidentally added too much of the reagent into the mixture and it started to overflow. I quickly grabbed a paper towel to clean it up, but it was definitely a close call.Experiment 6。
英文版的化学实验报告
英文版的化学实验报告英文版的化学实验报告Introduction:Chemical experiments are an essential part of scientific research and education. They provide valuable insights into various chemical reactions and help us understand the properties and behavior of different substances. In this report, we will discuss the process and findings of a chemical experiment conducted to investigate the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. Experimental Procedure:1. Materials: The materials used in the experiment included hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), distilled water, a burette, a conical flask, a pH meter, and a magnetic stirrer.2. Preparation: A solution of hydrochloric acid was prepared by diluting a given volume of concentrated hydrochloric acid with distilled water. Similarly, a sodium hydroxide solution was prepared by dissolving a specific amount of sodium hydroxide pellets in distilled water.3. Setup: The burette was filled with the sodium hydroxide solution, and the conical flask was placed on the magnetic stirrer. The pH meter was calibrated according to the manufacturer's instructions.4. Titration: The hydrochloric acid solution was slowly added to the conical flask while stirring continuously. The pH meter was used to monitor the change in pH during the titration process. The addition of hydrochloric acid was stopped whenthe pH reached neutrality, indicating that the reaction was complete.Results and Analysis:During the titration process, the pH of the solution gradually decreased as hydrochloric acid was added. Initially, the pH was high, indicating an alkaline solution due to the presence of sodium hydroxide. As the acid was added, the pH decreased until it reached neutrality at a pH of 7. This indicated that the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide resulted in the formation of water and a salt, which did not affect the pH of the solution.The volume of hydrochloric acid required to reach neutrality was recorded, and the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution was calculated using the equation:M1V1 = M2V2Where M1 is the concentration of hydrochloric acid, V1 is the volume used, M2 is the concentration of sodium hydroxide, and V2 is the volume of sodium hydroxide used.Discussion:The experiment demonstrated the concept of neutralization, where an acid and a base react to form a salt and water. The reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide is a classic example of neutralization and is widely used in various industries and laboratory settings.The accuracy of the experiment depends on several factors, such as the precision of measurements, the purity of chemicals used, and the propercalibration of instruments. Any deviation in these factors can lead to inaccurate results and affect the overall conclusions drawn from the experiment. Conclusion:In conclusion, the experiment successfully demonstrated the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, resulting in the formation of water and a salt. The process of titration allowed us to determine the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution. This experiment highlights the importance of chemical experiments in understanding the behavior of substances and their reactions. By conducting such experiments, scientists and researchers can gain valuable insights into the world of chemistry and its applications in various fields.。
化学实验报告英文版
Title: Synthesis of Ethyl Acetate from Ethanol and Acetic AcidDate: [Date of Experiment]Student Name: [Your Name]Lab Section: [Your Lab Section Number]Objective: The objective of this experiment was to synthesize ethyl acetate, a volatile organic compound, by the esterification of ethanol and acetic acid. This reaction is a classic example of a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction, where the alcohol attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid to form the ester.Introduction:Esters are organic compounds derived from carboxylic acids by the replacement of the hydroxyl group with an alkyl or aryl group. Ethyl acetate is a widely used solvent in the pharmaceutical, food, and perfume industries due to its pleasant smell and volatility. The synthesis of ethyl acetate is typically achieved through the esterification reaction between acetic acid and ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst.Materials:- Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)- Acetic acid (CH3COOH)- Concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) - Catalyst- Sodium chloride (NaCl) - Dehydrating agent- Water - Solvent- Distillation apparatus- thermometer- glassware (beakers, flasks, etc.)- pH meterProcedure:1. Preparation of Reactants:- Measure 10 mL of ethanol and 10 mL of acetic acid into a round-bottom flask.- Add 1 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst.- Swirl the flask gently to mix the contents.2. Heating and Stirring:- Place the flask on a hot plate and heat the mixture to approximately 50-60°C. Maintain the temperature for about 30 minutes, ensuring the mixture is well-stirred.- The reaction is exothermic, so be cautious when heating.3. Adding Sodium Chloride:- After the reaction time, remove the flask from the heat.- Add a small amount of sodium chloride to the mixture. This helps to remove water from the reaction mixture, which can be a byproduct of the reaction.4. Observation:- The reaction mixture should now have a noticeable odor of ethyl acetate.- The mixture may also turn a light yellow due to the formation of the ester.5. Distillation:- Set up the distillation apparatus as per the instructor's instructions.- Heat the mixture to about 78°C, which is the boiling point ofethyl acetate.- Collect the distillate in a receiving flask. The distillate should have a fruity odor characteristic of ethyl acetate.6. Analysis:- Use a pH meter to check the pH of the distillate. Ethyl acetate is a neutral compound, so the pH should be close to 7.Results:- The reaction mixture turned a light yellow after the addition of sodium chloride.- The distillation process yielded approximately 5 mL of distillate with a fruity odor.- The pH of the distillate was measured to be 6.8.Discussion:The synthesis of ethyl acetate from ethanol and acetic acid was successful, as evidenced by the formation of a volatile distillate with the characteristic odor of ethyl acetate. The use of concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst facilitated the esterification reaction by protonating the carbonyl oxygen of acetic acid, making it more electrophilic and susceptible to nucleophilic attack by the alcohol. The addition of sodium chloride helped to remove water, which could potentially interfere with the reaction by acting as a nucleophile.The distillation process was crucial for isolating the ethyl acetate from the reaction mixture. By carefully controlling the temperature, we were able to collect the desired compound while leaving behind the unreacted starting materials and byproducts.Conclusion:In conclusion, the synthesis of ethyl acetate from ethanol and acetic acid was successfully achieved through the esterification reaction. The use of concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst and the distillation process allowed for the isolation of the desired compound. Thisexperiment provided a practical understanding of esterification reactions and the techniques involved in organic synthesis.Appendix:- Chemical Equation:\[ \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH} + \text{CH}_3\text{COOH}\xrightarrow{\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4} \text{CH}_3\text{COOCH}_2\text{CH}_3 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \]- Safety Precautions:- Wear safety goggles and gloves at all times.- Avoid contact with concentrated sulfuric acid and acetic acid.- Do not inhale the vapors of the distillate.。
【优质文档】化学英语实验报告-实用word文档 (5页)
本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==化学英语实验报告篇一：英文版化学实验报告Preparation of ethyl acetateFirst, the purpose of the experiment:1、 Learn from the general principles of organic synthetic esters and methods2、 Master distillation, extraction, drying and other experimental techniques and its application in aspecific experimentSecond, the experimental principle:Main reaction：CH3COOH+CH3CH2OH=CH3COOCH2CH3+H2OConditions: heating to 120 to 125 °C in concentratedsulfuric acid catalyzedSide effects：浓H2SO4CH3CH2OH--------->CH2=CH2+H2O170度浓H2SO4CH3CH2OH--------->CH3CH2OCH2CH3+H2O140度Third, the instruments and reagents:1、 Instruments and materials: Round-bottomed flask,Spherical condenser, Straight condenser，Distillationhead, a separatory funnel, measuring beakers, dropper, conical flask, thermometer, electric2、 drugs: Glacial acetic acid (AR), absolute ethanol (AR),concentrated sulfuric acid, saturated brine, a saturated sodium carbonate solution, a saturated calcium chloride solution, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, litmusFourth,Reactor：Fifth,Experimental procedure:Adding 50ml round bottom flask 3ml 5ml ethanol and acetic acid, in shaking batch of concentrated sulfuric acid was added1.3ml mixed, and add a few grains of zeolite, and then install the instrument responseLow heat, slowly reflux for 30 minutes. Coolish, reflux device to the distillation apparatus, wetted with cold water to cool the bottle. Heating distillation until the distillate liquid volume is about half the volume of the reaction so far to give the crude product in ethyl acetateThe distillate was slowly saturated sodium carbonate solution was added portionwise, and oscillate until the evolution of carbondioxide gas without using litmus paper test acetate layer was neutral. The mixture was then transferred to a separatory funnel, andseparated aqueous layer was washed once with saturated aqueous saline solution 3ml The organic layer was washed with a saturated solutionof calcium chloride 3ml, washed with water and finally once. The organic layer in a dry Erlenmeyer flask filled with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The crude ethyl acetate, dried on a water bath heated to distill, collecting fractions 73 to 78°C. Weigh or measure product volume, and calculate the yield point or refractive index measurement products。
化学实验报告_英文
Experiment Title: Determination of the Molar Mass of a Volatile CompoundDate: October 1, 2021Objective:The objective of this experiment is to determine the molar mass of a volatile compound by using the ideal gas law and the known density of the compound.Introduction:The molar mass of a substance is the mass of one mole of that substance. It is an important property used to identify and characterize compounds. In this experiment, we will determine the molar mass of a volatile compound using the ideal gas law and the known density of the compound.Materials:1. Sample of volatile compound2. Graduated cylinder3. Balance4. Beaker5. Thermometer6. Ice bath7. Gas syringe8. Data tableProcedure:1. Measure the mass of the sample using a balance and record the value.2. Pour a known volume of water into a graduated cylinder and record the initial volume.3. Add the sample to the graduated cylinder and record the final volume.4. Calculate the volume of the sample by subtracting the initial volume from the final volume.5. Measure the temperature of the sample using a thermometer and record the value.6. Transfer the sample to a beaker and cool it in an ice bath until the temperature reaches 0°C.7. Use a gas syringe to measure the volume of the gas at 0°C and record the value.8. Calculate the density of the sample by dividing the mass of the sample by the volume of the sample.9. Use the ideal gas law to calculate the molar mass of the compound.Results:1. Mass of the sample: 1.23 g2. Volume of the sample: 2.45 mL3. Temperature of the sample: 25°C4. Volume of the gas at 0°C: 1.20 mL5. Density of the sample: 0.51 g/mLCalculation:1. Molar mass = (mass of the sample / volume of the gas) x (temperature of the gas / pressure of the gas) x (1 atm / 22.4 L/mol)2. Molar mass = (1.23 g / 1.20 mL) x (273.15 K / 298.15 K) x (1 atm / 1.20 mL) x (22.4 L/mol)3. Molar mass = 108.0 g/molDiscussion:In this experiment, we determined the molar mass of a volatile compound by using the ideal gas law and the known density of the compound. Thecalculated molar mass was 108.0 g/mol, which is in good agreement with the literature value of 106.0 g/mol. This indicates that the experimental method used in this experiment is reliable and accurate.Conclusion:The molar mass of the volatile compound was determined to be 108.0 g/mol using the ideal gas law and the known density of the compound. This experiment demonstrates the effectiveness of using the ideal gas law to determine the molar mass of volatile compounds.References:1. Silberberg, M. S. (2012). Chemistry: The Central Science (10th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.2. Atkins, P. W., & de Paula, J. (2014). Atkins' Physical Chemistry(11th ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.。
英文有机化学实验-重结晶Recrystallization
Desiccator 玻璃干燥器
Vacuum desiccator 真空干燥器
3. Procedure
4g acetyl aniline
250mL Erlenmeryer flask
70ml pure water
Heat to boiling
Add some water properly
Cool the solution slightly
有机化学实验
Experimental Organic Chemistry 重结晶Recrystallization
Recrystallization
1.Purpose
✓1.1 study the principle and procedure of recrystallization used for purifying organic solids.
③If the impurities are insoluble in the hot solvent, filter them out at the high temperature; if the impurities are soluble in the cold solvent, leave them in the solution and separate them from the solution after crystallization.
Heat filtration 热过滤
Fluted filter paper 热过滤滤纸
2.3.4 Cool down the solution or evaporate the solvent to make the crystals precipitate. The impurities are left in the solution.
英语作文有机化学
英语作文有机化学英文：Organic chemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of carbon-containing compounds. It is a fascinating and diverse field that has a profound impact on our daily lives.One of the most interesting aspects of organic chemistry is the concept of functional groups. Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within a molecule that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. For example, the hydroxyl group (-OH) is a functional group found in alcohols, which gives them their characteristic properties such as solubility in water and the ability to undergo oxidation reactions.Another important concept in organic chemistry is isomerism. Isomers are compounds that have the samemolecular formula but different structural formulas. This means that they have the same number and types of atoms, but the atoms are arranged differently. One common example of isomerism is the compounds butane and isobutane, which have the same molecular formula C4H10 but different structures and properties.Furthermore, organic chemistry plays a crucial role in the development of new materials and pharmaceuticals. For instance, the development of new drugs often involves the synthesis of complex organic molecules with specific biological activities. Without a deep understanding of organic chemistry, it would be impossible to design and create these life-saving medications.In addition, organic chemistry is also closely related to environmental issues. For example, the study of organic pollutants and their degradation in the environment requires a thorough understanding of organic chemistry. By studying the behavior of organic compounds in the environment, scientists can develop methods to clean up contaminated sites and protect the environment from furtherpollution.Overall, organic chemistry is a dynamic and constantly evolving field that has a profound impact on variousaspects of our lives. Whether it's in the development of new drugs, the understanding of environmental pollutants,or the creation of new materials, organic chemistry is at the forefront of scientific innovation.中文：有机化学是化学的一个分支，它研究含碳化合物的结构、性质、组成、反应和合成。
有机化学英文实验记录
有机化学英文实验记录Alright, here's a sample of an organic chemistry experiment record in an informal, conversational English style:Just started the experiment. Got all the glassware set up and the reagents ready. Feeling a bit nervous, but excited too. This could be interesting.Man, the smell of that solvent is intense! It's like a punch in the nose. Gotta be careful not to breathe it in too much.Hey, the reaction is kicking off! I can see the colors changing already. It's so cool to watch the magic happen.Uh-oh, looks like I overheated the mixture a bit. Hope it didn't mess up the whole experiment. Gotta be more careful next time.Alright, time to separate the products. Thisdistillation setup is a bit tricky, but I think I've got it. Just gotta keep an eye on the temperature.Wow, the yield is pretty good! I didn't expect to get this much product. Feels like all that hard work paid off.Now for the purification step. This recrystallization process is tedious, but it's gotta be done right. Don'twant any impurities in my final sample.Okay, so I think I've got it now. The product iscrystal clear and looks great. Just gotta do some final testing to confirm everything is as expected.Well, that's it for today. The experiment is done andI'm pretty happy with the results. Just gotta write up the report now and submit it. Hopefully, my professor will be impressed!。
化学实验报告英语
化学实验报告英语Chemistry Experiment ReportIntroduction:Chemistry experiments play a crucial role in understanding the properties and behavior of various substances. These experiments provide valuable insights into the world of chemicals and their interactions. In this report, we will discuss the experiment conducted to investigate the reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).Experimental Procedure:1. Safety Precautions:Before conducting any experiment, it is essential to prioritize safety. Therefore, we wore safety goggles, lab coats, and gloves to protect ourselves from any potential hazards.2. Apparatus:The following apparatus were used:- Burette: To measure the volume of the NaOH solution accurately.- Beaker: To hold the HCl solution.- Pipette: To measure the volume of HCl solution.- Conical flask: To mix the reactants.- pH meter: To measure the pH of the resulting solution.- Magnetic stirrer: To ensure uniform mixing of the reactants.3. Chemicals:The chemicals used in the experiment were:- Hydrochloric acid (HCl): A strong acid.- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH): A strong base.- Distilled water: To dilute the solutions if necessary.4. Experimental Steps:- Step 1: We prepared a 0.1 M NaOH solution by dissolving the appropriate amount of NaOH pellets in distilled water.- Step 2: We filled the burette with the NaOH solution and recorded the initial volume.- Step 3: Using the pipette, we measured 25 mL of HCl solution and transferred it to the conical flask.- Step 4: We added a few drops of phenolphthalein indicator to the conical flask. - Step 5: The magnetic stirrer was turned on, and the NaOH solution was gradually added to the conical flask until the pink color of the indicator disappeared.- Step 6: We recorded the final volume of NaOH solution in the burette.- Step 7: The pH of the resulting solution was measured using a pH meter. Results and Analysis:The experiment aimed to determine the reaction between HCl and NaOH by titration. The reaction can be represented by the equation:HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2OFrom the initial and final volumes of NaOH solution recorded in the burette, wecalculated the volume used in the reaction. By multiplying this volume with the known concentration of NaOH, we obtained the number of moles of NaOH used.Knowing that the reaction between HCl and NaOH occurs in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio, we can conclude that the number of moles of HCl is equal to the number of moles of NaOH used.By dividing the number of moles of HCl by the volume of HCl solution used, we determined the concentration of HCl.Furthermore, the pH of the resulting solution was measured to determine its acidity or alkalinity. Since the reaction between HCl and NaOH results in the formation of water and a salt (NaCl), the resulting solution should be neutral with a pH of 7.Conclusion:In conclusion, the experiment successfully determined the concentration of HCl by titrating it against a known concentration of NaOH. The resulting solution was found to have a pH of 7, confirming its neutrality. This experiment showcased the importance of accurate measurements, safety precautions, and the application of chemical equations in practical scenarios.Chemistry experiments like this provide hands-on experience and enhance our understanding of chemical reactions, equipping us with valuable skills for future scientific endeavors.。
英语作文有机化学
英语作文有机化学Title: The Fascinating World of Organic Chemistry。
Organic chemistry, often dubbed as the "chemistry of life," is a captivating field that delves into the structures, properties, reactions, and synthesis of carbon-containing compounds. Its significance permeates various aspects of our daily lives, from the medicines we take to the materials we use. In this essay, we will embark on a journey through the intricate realm of organic chemistry, exploring its fundamental concepts, diverse applications, and profound implications.At the heart of organic chemistry lies the carbon atom, a versatile element that forms the backbone of countless molecules found in nature. The unique ability of carbon to form stable covalent bonds with other atoms, including itself, allows for the creation of a vast array of compounds with diverse structures and functionalities. From simple hydrocarbons like methane to complex biomoleculessuch as proteins and DNA, carbon compounds exhibit remarkable diversity and complexity.One of the defining characteristics of organicchemistry is the concept of functional groups, specific arrangements of atoms within a molecule that conferdistinct chemical properties. These functional groups playa pivotal role in determining the reactivity and behaviorof organic compounds. For instance, the presence of a hydroxyl group (-OH) endows a molecule with properties characteristic of alcohols, while a carbonyl group (C=O) imparts characteristics of ketones or aldehydes.Organic chemistry encompasses a wide range of reactions, each governed by its own set of principles and mechanisms. From the venerable reactions of substitution andelimination to the more intricate processes of addition and rearrangement, these transformations lie at the heart of synthetic organic chemistry. Chemists leverage these reactions to construct complex molecules with precision, enabling the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and advanced materials.The synthesis of organic molecules is a cornerstone of drug discovery and development. Medicinal chemists meticulously design and optimize molecules to targetspecific biological pathways, thereby treating orpreventing diseases. Through the application of organic chemistry principles, scientists have developed an impressive array of therapeutics, ranging from antibioticsto anticancer agents. Moreover, the emergence of computational methods and high-throughput screening techniques has accelerated the pace of drug discovery, ushering in a new era of precision medicine.In addition to pharmaceuticals, organic chemistry finds widespread applications in materials science and technology. Polymers, large molecules composed of repeating subunits, form the basis of numerous materials, including plastics, elastomers, and fibers. Through careful manipulation of monomeric units and polymerization processes, chemists can tailor the properties of polymers to meet diverseindustrial and consumer needs. From lightweight composites used in aerospace applications to biodegradable plasticsaimed at mitigating environmental impact, organic chemistry plays a pivotal role in shaping the materials of the future.The principles of organic chemistry also underpin the burgeoning field of sustainable chemistry, which seeks to develop environmentally friendly processes and products. Green chemistry initiatives focus on minimizing waste, conserving energy, and reducing the use of hazardous substances throughout the chemical lifecycle. By leveraging the principles of atom economy, catalysis, and renewable feedstocks, chemists strive to create a more sustainableand circular economy. From the design of eco-friendly solvents to the development of bio-based polymers, organic chemistry offers innovative solutions to global challenges.In conclusion, organic chemistry stands as acornerstone of modern science, driving innovation across diverse fields ranging from medicine to materials science. Its principles govern the synthesis of complex molecules essential for life and industry, while its applications continue to expand into new frontiers. As we unravel the mysteries of organic chemistry, we gain deeper insightsinto the workings of the natural world and unlock new possibilities for the future.。
化学英语实验报告
化学英语实验报告Title: Experiment Report: Investigating the Effects of pH on Enzyme Activity Introduction:Enzymes are biological catalysts that play a crucial role in the chemical reactions occurring within living organisms. The activity of enzymes is influenced by various factors, including pH. In this experiment, we aimed to investigate the effects of pH on enzyme activity using the enzyme catalase and hydrogen peroxide as the substrate.Materials and Methods:1. Catalase solution2. Hydrogen peroxide solution3. Test tubes4. pH buffer solutions (pH 4, 7, and 10)5. Graduated cylinder6. Stopwatch7. Water bath8. PipettesThe experiment was carried out by preparing three sets of test tubes, each containing catalase solution and hydrogen peroxide solution. To each set, a different pH buffer solution (pH 4, 7, or 10) was added to create the desired pH environment. The reactions were then initiated by adding the hydrogen peroxide solution to the catalase solution, and the time taken for thedisappearance of bubbles (indicating the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase) was recorded using a stopwatch. This process was repeated for each pH condition.Results:The results of the experiment showed that the rate of enzyme activity varied with pH. The fastest reaction occurred at pH 7, while the reaction rates at pH 4 and pH 10 were slower.Discussion:The findings of this experiment demonstrate the significant impact of pH on enzyme activity. Enzymes have an optimal pH at which they exhibit maximum activity, and deviations from this pH can lead to a decrease in enzyme efficiency. In the case of catalase, the optimal pH is around 7, which is close to the physiological pH of most living organisms.Conclusion:In conclusion, this experiment highlights the importance of pH in regulating enzyme activity. Understanding the effects of pH on enzyme function is essential for various fields, including medicine, biochemistry, and biotechnology. Further research in this area could lead to the development of novel enzyme-based technologies and therapies.。
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无论中文还是英文的实验记录都至少应该描述以下六点内容，同时实验记录上还应该注 明原料的来源，反应现象，分析数据，产品去向等相关细节。 实验装置 投料 反应过程 反应结束 淬灭处理 纯化产品
3 基本表达
3.1 实验装置
例句：一个装有机械搅拌的三口圆底烧瓶。 A three (necked-round bottom) Morton flask which was equipped with mechanical stirrer （magnetic stirrer, addition funnel, thermometer，Dean-Stark，drying tube，syringe）. 例句：实验前所有实验中要使用的烧瓶都需要在真空状态下加热半小时并用氮气吹 10 分钟。 All flasks which were used in reaction were heated under vacuum for 30 minutes and purged with N2 for 10 minutes.
3.5 淬灭处理
例句：将反应液降到室温，滴加 NaHCO3 水溶液淬灭反应 An aqueous solution of NaHCO3 was added dropwise into the reaction mixture once the reaction mixture(solution) (suspension) could warm(cool) to room(ambient) temperature. 例句：淬灭反应后，将反应液倒入分液漏斗分离 After quenching the reaction, the reaction mixture was poured into separatory funnel and separated. 例句：将热的反应液倒入冰水中淬灭 The hot reaction mixture was poured (onto ice) into ice water. 例句：将反应液减压蒸去 DCM 和多余的 SOCl2，然后将剩下的用 EtOH 稀释并倒入水中。 The reaction mixture was concentrated(distilled)under reduced pressure(in vacuum) (evaporated) to remove DCM and excess SOCl2，then the reaction residue(the residual) was diluted with EtOH and poured into water. 例句：将残渣用 EA 稀释，1N 盐酸洗涤，清水洗涤，Na2SO4 干燥后旋干 The residual was partitioned between EA and 1N aqueous HCl. The organic layer was washed with water, dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated dryness. 例句：水层用 EA 萃取两次，合并有机层用盐水洗涤，Na2SO4 干燥。 The aqueous layer(phase) was extracted with EA twice. The combined organic layers were washed with brine and dried over Na2SO4. 例句：合并水层，用 EA 萃取除去杂质后，将水层用盐酸调节 pH 至 3~4，用 EA 萃取 The combined aqueous layers were extracted with EA twice to remove neutral impurities. The aqueous phase was acidified(basified) with HCl till PH=3~4 and extracted with EA. 例句：用滤纸过滤，减压浓缩除去有机溶剂得到白色固体 After filtration via filter paper (celite-pad), the organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness to provide(afford, give, yield) white solid(oil, foam) (which solidified on standing). 例句：通过蒸馏或者减压浓缩除去溶剂后得到白色固体 After removal of solvent by evaporation or concentration, the desired compound was obtained(prepared) a white solid.
3.2 投料
例句：将丝氨酸，水，碳酸氢钠加入到一个装有磁力搅拌器，温度计，滴液漏斗的三口瓶中。 A three necked-round bottom flask which was equipped with magnetic stirrer, addition funnel and thermometer which was charged with L-Serine, H2O, NaHCO3.
3.4 反应结束
例句：TLC 结果表明反应结束 The reaction was complete (incomplete) (messy) detected (determined) (confirmed) by TLC(LC-MS) (HPLC). 例句：HPLC 结果表明反应结束 HPLC showed(indicated) that the reaction was complete. 例句：HPLC 表明原料已经完全反应 HPLC showed(indicated) that the starting material was consumed completely. 例句：HPLC 表明反应没有发生，大多数原料没有反应 HPLC showed(indicated) that the reaction didn’t work at all and the most of starting material was remained.
3.3 反应过程
例句：反应液置于 50℃下保温反应两小时后，室温反应过夜 16 小时后用吸管取样通过 TLC 监控情况。 The reaction mixture was stirred at 50℃ for 2 hours and then kept at room temperature for another 16 hours overnight).Taking sample form the reaction mixture by dropping tube(syringe), check the reaction via TLC(LC-MS) (HPLC). 例句：将反应液在 50℃小保温反应 16h The reaction mixture(suspension)(solution)was stirred at 50℃ for 16 hour
例句：LC-MS 表明虽然原料完全被消耗，但是没有观察到目标产品的离子响应 The starting material was consumed completely but no desired compound was detected(determined) by LC-MS. 例句：只有少量的目标产品被 LC-MS 检测到 Only a trace amount of desired compound was detected bu LC-MS. 例句：目标产物的收率太低导致无法通过柱层析分离 The desired compound could not be isolated(separated) (purified) by chromatography(prepHPLC) due to pty). 例句：HNMR 表明分离的化合物不是目标产物,反应失败。 HNMR confirmed (indicated) that the isolated(obtained) compound is not the desired compound. The reaction was failed.
有机化学实验文档
1 前言
科学实验原始记录主要用于证明实验具有可重复性，详细的实验记录也是表达研究成果 的依据，所以无论是中文还是外文的实验文档都应该准确详细的描述研究过程，目前国内有 机化学学术领域可参考的中文文档太少，已有的中文文献普遍存在实验难以重复，高质量的 中文文献可遇不可求，但发布在权威化学期刊的文献大多质量较高，这些权威期刊都是用英 文发表，即使国内的研究成果也是通过英文发表在这些期刊上，基于目前这种尴尬的局面， 在有机化学领域读写英文文档成为从业者的基本技能。
例句：在 10℃氮气保护下滴加三乙胺的二氯甲烷溶液 A solution of TEA in DCM was added dropwise via(by) addition funnel(syringe) at -10℃(while keeping inner temperature between -10℃~0℃) (while maintaining gentle reflux)under N2. 例句：1h 内分批加入 NaH NaH was added in portions during a period of 1 hours 例句：依次加入(Boc)2O 和 Pyridine (Boc)2O and Pyridine were added in turn. 例句：将 DMAP 和 HOBt 溶解在 DCM 中 To a solution(mixture,slurry,suspension) of DMAP and HOBt in DCM. 例句：在 0℃下将 TFAA 的 DCM 溶液滴加到 Fmoc-Asn-OH 的 DCM 溶液中 A solution of TFAA in DCM was added dropwise into a solution of Fmoc-Asn-OH in DCM at 0℃ while keeping inner temperature between 0℃~5℃. 例句：在 0℃下将 NaBH4 分批加入到化合物 1 的甲醇溶液中 NaBH4 was added into a solution of compound 1 in MeOH in portions(in turn) at 0℃. 例句：在 0℃下通过导管将 n-BuLi 的 hexane 溶液加入到反应液中 A solution of n-BuLi in hexane was cannulated into the reaction solution at 0℃. A solution of n-BuLi in hexane was added into the reaction solution via(by) cannula(dropping funnel)(syringe) at 0℃.