网站建设外文文献翻译

合集下载

英文网站建设

英文网站建设English Website DevelopmentWith the rapid advancement of technology and globalization, establishing an English website for your business has become increasingly crucial. An English website not only allows you to reach a broader international audience but also enhances your business's credibility and professionalism. In this article, we will explore the various aspects of developing an English website and the benefits it can bring to your business.First and foremost, the design and development of an English website should focus on user experience. A well-structured, visually appealing website layout that is user-friendly will create a positive impression on visitors. It is essential to ensure that the website is easy to navigate, with clear menu options, intuitive page layouts, and prominent call-to-action buttons. Mobile optimization is also crucial in today's smartphone-driven world, as the majority of internet users access websites through their mobile devices.When it comes to content, translating your existing material into English accurately and maintaining an appropriate tone is vital. High-quality English content will not only attract potential customers but also reflect positively on your brand image. Ensuring that the content is error-free and culturally sensitive is equally important. Consider hiring a professional native English speaker or translator who can accurately convey your message while aligning it with the target audience's cultural context.Including compelling visual elements such as images, videos, and infographics can significantly enhance the appeal of your English website. These visuals should be carefully selected to complement the content and showcase your products or services effectively. However, it is essential to strike a balance between visual appeal and website loading speed, as slow loading times can deter visitors.In addition to design and content, search engine optimization (SEO) should not be overlooked. By implementing appropriate SEO strategies, your English website is morelikely to appear in relevant search engine results, thus increasing its visibility and attracting organic traffic. Conducting keyword research and incorporating relevant keywords into your website's content and metadata can significantly improve its search engine ranking.To optimize user engagement, incorporating interactive features and social media integration on your English website is highly recommended. Features such as contact forms, live chat support, and social media sharing buttons allow visitors to connect with you more easily and share your content with their networks. This can help generate additional exposure and potentially drive more traffic to your website.Furthermore, ensuring that your English website is regularly updated is essential. Outdated information not only creates a negative user experience but can also harm your business's reputation. Regularly reviewing and updating your website's content, news articles, and product or service information will demonstrate reliability and keep visitors coming back for more.Lastly, monitoring the performance of your English website is crucial to identify areas for improvement. Analyzing website analytics can provide valuable insights into visitor behavior, traffic sources, and conversion rates. This data can help identify any issues or bottlenecks, allowing you to optimize your website's performance and achieve your business goals effectively.In conclusion, building an English website for your business is an essential step in today's globalized world. A well-designed and user-friendly website, coupled with high-quality and culturally sensitive English content, can significantly enhance your brand image and attract a broader international audience. Incorporating SEO strategies, interactive features, and regular updates ensure optimal performance and user engagement. By investing in an English website, you position yourself for success in the digital age.。

网站设计与实现中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)H O L I S T I C W E B B R O W S I N G:T R E N D S O F T H E F U T U R EThe future of the Web is everywhere. The future of the Web is not at your desk. It’s not necessarily in your pocket, either. It’s everywhere. With each new technological innovation, we continue to become more and more immersed in the Web, connecting the ever-growing layer of information in the virtual world to the real one around us. But rather than get starry-eyed with utopian wonder about this bright future ahead, we should soberly anticipate the massive amount of planning and design work it will require of designers, developers and others.The gap between technological innovation and its integration in our daily lives is shrinking at a rate much faster than we can keep pace with—consider the number of unique Web applications you signed up for in the past year alone. T hishas resulted in a very fragmented experience of the Web. While running several different browsers, with all sorts of plug-ins, you might also be running multiple standalone applications to manage feeds, social media accounts and music playlists.Even though we may be adept at switching from one tab or window to another, we should be working towards a more holistic Web experience, one that seamlessly integrates all of the functionality we need in the simplest and most contextual way. With this in mind, l et’s review four trends that designers and developers would be wise to observe and integrate into their work so as to pave the way for a more holistic Web browsing experience:1.The browser as operating system,2.Functionally-limited mobile applications,3.Web-enhanced devices,4.Personalization.1. The Browser As Operating SystemThanks to the massive growth of Web productivity applications, creative tools and entertainment options, we are spending more time in the browser than ever before. The more time we spend there, the less we make use of the many tools in the larger operating system that actually runs the browser. As a result, we’re beginning to expect the same high level of reliability and sophistication in our Web experience that we get from our operating system.For the most part, our expectations have been met by such innovations as Google’s Gmail, Talk, Calendar and Docs applications, which all offer varying degrees of integration with one another, and online image editing tools like Picnik and Adobe’s on line version of Photoshop. And those expectations will continue to be met by upcoming releases, such as the Chrome operating system—we’re already thinking of our browsers as operating systems. Doing everything on the Web was once a pipe dream, but now it’s a reality.U B I Q U I T YThe one limitation of Web browsers that becomes more and more obvious as we make greater use of applications in the cloud is the lack of usable connections between open tabs. Most users have grown accustomed to keeping many tabs open, switching back and forth rapidly between Gmail, Google Calendar, Google Docs and various social media tools. But this switching from tab to tab is indicative of broken connections between applications that really ought to be integrated.Mozilla is attempting to functionally connect tools that we use in the browser in a more intuitive and rich way with Ubiquity. While it’s definitely a step in the right direction, the command-line approach may be a barrier to entry for thoseunable to let go of the mouse. In the screenshot below, you can see how Ubiquity allows you to quickly map a location shown on a Web page without having to open Google Maps in another tab. This is one example of integrated functionality without which you would be required to copy and paste text from one tab to another. Ubiquity’s core capability, which is creating a holistic browsing experience by understanding basic commands and executing them using appropriate Web applications, is certainly the direction in which the browser is heading.This approach, wedded to voice-recognition software, may be how we all navigate the Web in the next decade, or sooner: hands-free.T R A C E M O N K E Y A N D O G GMeanwhile, smaller, quieter releases have been paving the way to holistic browsing. This past summer, Firefox released an update to its software that includes a brand new JavaScript engine called TraceMonkey. This engine delivers a significant boost in speed and image-editing functionality, as well as the ability to play videos without third-party software or codecs.Aside from the speed advances, which are always welcome, the image and video capabilities are perfect examples of how the browser is encroaching on the operating system’s territory. Being able to edit images in the browser could replace the need for local image-editing software on your machine, and potentially for separate applications such as Picnik. At this point, it’s not certain how sophisticated this functionality can be, and so designers and ordinary users will probably continue to run local copies of Photoshop for some time to come.The new video functionality, which relies on an open-source codeccalled Ogg, opens up many possibilities, the first one being for developers who do not want to license codecs. Currently, developers are required to license a codec if they want their videos to be playable in proprietary software such as Adobe Flash. Ogg allows video to be played back in Firefox itself.What excites many, though, is that the new version of Firefox enables interactivitybetween multiple applications on the same page. One potential application of this technology, as illustrated in the image above, is allowing users to click objects in a video to get additional information about them while the video is playing.2. Functionally-Limited Mobile ApplicationsSo far, our look at a holistic Web experience has been limited to the traditional br owser. But we’re also interacting with the Web more and more on mobile devices. Right now, casual surfing on a mobile device is not a very sophisticated experiences and therefore probably not the main draw for users. Thecombination of small screens, inconsistent input options, slow connections and lack of content optimized for mobile browsers makes this a pretty clumsy, unpredictable and frustrating experience, especially if you’re not on an iPhone.However, applications written specifically for mobile environments and that deal with particular, limited sets of data—such as Google’s mobile apps,device-specific applications for Twitter and Facebook and the millions of applications in the iPhone App Store—look more like the future of mobile Web use. Because the mobile browsing experience is in its infancy, here is some advice on designing mobile experiences: rather than squeezing full-sized Web applications (i.e. ones optimized for desktops and laptops) into the pocket, designers and developers should become proficient at identifying and executing limited functionality sets for mobile applications.A M A Z O N M OB I L EA great example of a functionally-limited mobile application is Amazon’s interface for the iPhone (screenshot above). Amazon has reduced the massive scale of its website to the most essential functions: search, shopping cart and lists. And it has optimized the layout specifically for the iPhone’s smaller screen.FA C E B O O K F O R I P H O N EFacebook continues to improve its mobile version. The latest version includes a simplified landing screen, with an icon for every major function of the website in order of priority of use. While information has been reduced and segmented, the scope of the website has not been significantly altered. Each new update brings the app closer to replicating the full experience in a way that feels quite natural.G M A I L F O R I P H O N EFinally,Gmail’s iPhone application is also impressive. Google has introduced a floating bar to the interface that allows users to batch process emails, so thatt hey don’t have to open each email in order to deal with it.3. Web-Enhanced DevicesMobile devices will proliferate faster than anything the computer industry has seen before, thereby exploding entry points to the Web. But the Web will vastly expand not solely through personal mobile devices but through completely new Web-enhanced interfaces in transportation vehicles, homes, clothing and other products.In some cases, Web enhancement may lend itself to marketing initiatives and advertising; in other cases, connecting certain devices to the Web will make them more useful and efficient. Here are three examples of Web-enhanced products or services that we may all be using in the coming years:W E B-E N H A N C E D G R O C E RY S H O P P I N GWeb-connected grocery store “VIP” card s may track customer spending as they do today: every time you scan your customer card, your purchases are added to a massive database that grocery stores use to guide their stocking choices. In exchange for your data, the stores offer you discounts on selected products. Soon with Web-enhanced shopping, stores will be able to offer you specific promotions based on your particular purchasing history, and in real time (as illustrated above). This will give shoppers more incentive to sign up for VIP programs and give retailers more flexibility and variety with discounts, sales and other promotions.W E B-E N H A N C E D U T I L I T I E SOne example of a Web-enhanced device we may all see in our homes soon enough is a smart thermostat (illustrated above), which will allow users not only to monitor their power usage using Google PowerMeter but to see their current charges when it matters to them (e.g. when they’re turning up the heater, not sitting in front of a computer).W E B-E N H A N C E D P E R S O N A L B A N K I N GAnother useful Web enhancement would be a display of your current bank account balance directly on your debit or credit card (as shown above). This data would, of course, be protected and displayed only after you clear a biometric security system that reads your fingerprint directly on the card. Admittedly, this idea is rife with privacy and security implications, but something like this will nevertheless likely exist in the not-too-distant future.4. PersonalizationThanks to the rapid adoption of social networking websites, people have become comfortable with more personalized experiences online. Being greeted by name and offered content or search results based on their browsing history not only is common now but makes the Web more appealing to many. The next step is to increase the user’s control of their personal information and to offer more tools that deliver new information tailored to them.C E N T R A L I Z ED P R O F I LE SIf you’re like most people, you probably maintain somewhere between two to six active profiles on various social networks. Each profile contains a set of information about you, and the overlap varies. You probably have unique usernames and passwords for each one, too, though using a single sign-on service to gain access to multiple accounts is becoming more common. But wh y shouldn’t the information you submit to these accounts follow the same approach? In the coming years, what you tell people about yourself online will be more and more under your control. This process starts with centralizing your data in one profile,which will then share bits of it with other profiles. This way, if your information changes, you’ll have to update your profile only once.D ATA O W NE R S H I PThe question of who owns the data that you share online is fuzzy. In many cases, it even remains unaddressed. However, as privacy settings on social networks become more and more complex, users are becoming increasingly concerned about data ownership. In particular, the question of who owns the images, video and messages created by users becomes significant when a user wants to remove their profile. To put it in perspective, Royal Pingdom, inits Internet 2009 in Numbers report, found that 2.5 billion photos were uploaded to Facebook each month in 2009! The more this number grows, the more users will be concerned about what happens to the content they transfer from their machines to servers in the cloud.While it may seem like a step backward, a movement to restore user data storage to personal machines, which would then intelligently share that data with various social networks and other websites, will likely spring up in response to growing privacy concerns. A system like this would allow individuals to assign meta data to files on their computers, such as video clips and photos; this meta data would specify the files’ availability to social network profiles and other websites. Rather than uploading a copy of an image from your computer to Flickr, you would give Flickr access to certain files that remain on your machine. Organizations such as the Data Portability Project are introducing this kind of thinking accross the Web today.R E C O M M E N D AT I O N E N G I N E SSearch engines—and the whole concept of search itself—will remain in flux as personalization becomes more commonplace. Currently, the major search engines are adapting to this by offering different takes on personalized search results, based on user-specific browsing history. If you are signed in to your Google account and search for a pizza parlor, you will more likely see local results. With its social search experiment, Google also hopes to leverage your social network connections to deliver results from people you already know. Rounding those out with real-time search results gives users a more personal search experience that is a much more realistic representation of the rapid proliferation of new information on the Web. And because the results are filtered based on your behavior and preferences, the search engine will continue to “learn” more about you in order to provide the most useful information.Another new search engine is attempting to get to the heart of personalized results. Hunch provides customized recommendations of information based onusers’ answers to a set of questions for each query. The more you use it, the better the engine gets at recommending information. As long as you maintain a profile with Hunch, you will get increasingly satisfactory answers to general questions like, “Where should I go on vacation?”The trend of personalization will have significant impact on the way individual websites and applications are designed. Today, consumer websites routinely alter their landing pages based on the location of the user. Tomorrow, websites might do similar interface customizations for individual users. Designers and developers will need to plan for such visual and structural versatility to stay on the cutting edge.整体网页浏览：对未来的发展趋势克里斯托弗·巴特勒未来的网页无处不在。

英语作文网站建设

英语作文网站建设Building an English essay website can be an excitingand challenging project. It's a way to share your knowledge and passion for writing with a wider audience. Let's dive into what it takes to create such a platform.First, you need to decide on the purpose and focus of your website. Are you aiming to provide essay writing tips for students? Or are you planning to showcase original essays written by yourself or contributors? Having a clear direction will help you shape the content and structure of your site.Next, it's essential to choose a user-friendly platform for building your website. There are many options available, from content management systems like WordPress to more specialized platforms for online publishing. Consider your technical skills and the features you need to make an informed decision.Once you have your platform set up, it's time to start creating content. If you're focusing on essay writing tips, write articles that cover various aspects of the process, from brainstorming ideas to revising and editing. If you're showcasing essays, make sure to include a variety of topics and writing styles to attract a diverse audience.Don't forget about the visual aspect of your website. Use images, videos, and infographics to enhance yourcontent and make it more engaging. A well-designed website will not only look professional but will also improve the user experience.Finally, promote your website! Share it on social media, collaborate with other writers and bloggers, and optimize your content for search engines. Remember, building a successful English essay website takes。

网页设计与制作外文翻译文献中英文

外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)文献出处：Computer Knowledge & Technology, 2013,12(1):31-41英文原文Web design and productionM SiegelAbstractThe paper will study and discuss methods and tools for personal web page design and production. Based on the introduction of web design and production language, we focused on using JavaScript as a tool language for actual web page design and production. We used object-based JavaScript language, the use of internal object systems, and WEB page information interaction—window and framework. Describe it in detail and use specific examples for verification.Keywords: web page production, web design, software, html1 IntroductionWith the advent of the 21st century, people feel more and more deeply that the role of computers in life and work is more and more important. More and more professions need computer application skills. Mastering the need for computers is a career, but also the need for career development. Web design and production is a concrete manifestation of computer capabilities. This chapter mainly introduces related knowledgeof web design.1.1 Web Design OverviewA website is a way for companies to provide information (including products and services) to users and netizens. It is an infrastructure and information platform for companies to develop e-commerce. It is impossible to leave e-commerce (or just use a third-party website) to talk about e-commerce. . The company's web site is called the “Internet Trademark” and is also part of the company's intangible assets. The website is an important window on the Internet to promote and reflect corporate image and culture.1.2 Elements of Web DesignThe two major elements of web design are: overall style and color matching. First, determine the overall style of the siteChapter 2 Application of HTML Web Design Technology2.1 HTML language introductionHTML (HyperText Mark-up Language) is a hypertext markup language or hypertext markup language. It is the most widely used language on the Internet and the main language constituting webpage documents.HTML text is descriptive text composed of HTML commands. HTML commands can describe text, graphics, animations, sounds, forms, links, and so on. The structure of HTML includes two parts: the head andthe body. The head describes the information needed by the browser, and the body contains the specific content to be explained.2.1.1 Features of HTML LanguageHTML document production is not very complicated and powerful. It supports the inlaying of files in different data formats. This is one of the reasons for the popularity of the WWW. The features of the HTML language are as follows:1. Simplicity: The HTML version upgrade adopts a superset method, which is more flexible and convenient.2. Extensibility: The extensive use of HTML language has brought about enhanced functions, increased identifiers, and other requirements. HTML takes the form of sub-elements to provide guarantees for system expansion.3, platform independence. Although PCs are popular, there are plenty of other machines using MAC and so on. HTML can be used on a wide range of platforms, which is another reason why WWW is prevalent.2.1.2 HTML language editing softwareWrite it, too. However, use .htm or .html as an extension when saving, so that the browser can interpret it.2. Semi-WYSIWYG software, this software can greatly improve the development efficiency, it can enable you to make Homepage in a veryshort time, and you can learn HTML, this type of software mainly has HOTDOG, as well as domestic Software webpage workshop.3, WYSIWYG software, using the most extensive editor, you can completely do not know HTML knowledge to make web pages.2.2.3 JavaScript Technology Used in Web DesignOne, JavaScript OverviewJavaScript is an object-based and event-driven scripting language with safe performance. The purpose of using it is to implement linking multiple objects in a Web page together with HTML hypertext markup language and Java scripting language (Java applets) to interact with Web clients. This allows you to develop client applications and more. It is implemented by embedding or loading in the standard HTML language. Its appearance has made up for the shortcomings of the HTML language. It is a compromise between Java and HTML. It has the following basic features:1, is a scripting languageJavaScript is a scripting language that uses small blocks to program. Like other scripting languages, JavaScript is also an interpreted language that provides an easy development process.Its basic structure is very similar to that of C, C++, VB, and Delphi. But unlike these languages, it needs to be compiled first, but it is interpreted line by line during the execution of the program. It iscombined with HTML tags to make it easier for users to use.2, based on the language of the object.JavaScript is an object-based language that can be viewed as an object-oriented one. This means it can use the objects that it has already created. Therefore, many functions can come from the interaction of methods and scripts in the script environment.3, simplicityThe essence of HTML is text, which requires the interpretation of the browser. The HTML editor can be roughly divided into three types: 1. The basic editing software, which can be written using WINDOWS's own notebook or writing, of course, if you use WPS The simplicity of compiling JavaScript is mainly reflected in: First, it is a simple and compact design based on Java basic statements and control flow, which is a very good transition for learning Java. Second, its variable types are weakly typed and do not use strict data types.4, securityJavaScript is a security language. It does not allow access to the local hard disk. It does not store data on the server. It does not allow the modification or deletion of web documents. Information browsing or dynamic interaction can only be achieved through the browser. This effectively prevents data loss.5, dynamicJavaScript is dynamic. It can respond directly to user or customer input without going through a Web service program. It responds to the user's response in an event-driven manner. The so-called event-driven refers to an action that is performed by performing an operation in a Home Page. It is called an "Event". For example, pressing a mouse, moving a window, selecting a menu, etc. can all be considered events. When an incident occurs, it may cause a corresponding event response.6, cross-platformJavaScript is dependent on the browser itself, regardless of the operating environment, as long as it can run the browser's computer, and the JavaScript browser can be executed correctly. In order to achieve the "write once, travel the world" dream. In fact, the most outstanding thing about JavaScript is that you can do a lot of things with very small programs. Without high-performance computers, the software requires only a word processing software and a browser. It does not require a WEB server channel and can do everything through its own computer.In short, JavaScript is a new description language that can be tethered to HTML documents. The JavaScript language can respond to user's demand events (such as form input) without using any network to transfer data back and forth, so when a user enters a data, it does not pass it to the server (server). ) Processing, and then returned to the process, and can be directly handled by the client's application.The third chapter WEB page information interaction - form and frameTo realize the dynamic interaction of web pages, you must master more complex knowledge about form objects and frame objects.3.1 Form BasicsThe form object allows the designer to interact with the client user using different elements in the form, but without having to first perform data input, the behavior of the Web document can be changed dynamically.3.1.1 Form objectForm: It forms the basic element of a Web page. Usually a Web page has a form or several windows, using the Forms[] array to access different forms.3.1.2 Form Object MethodsThere is only one --submit() method for the form object. The main function of this method is to submit the form information. 3.1.3 Form Object PropertiesThe attributes of the window object mainly include the following: elements name action target encoding method. In addition to Elements, several others reflect the state of the corresponding attribute in the identity of the form, which is usually a single form identifier; elements are often an array of values for multiple form elements.3.1.4 Accessing a Form ObjectAccessing a form object in JavaScript can be implemented in two ways: (1) by accessing the formIn the properties of the form object, you must first specify the name of the form, and then you can access the form with the following ID: document.Mytable().(2) access the form through an arrayIn addition to using the form name to access the form, you can use the array of form objects to access the form object. However, it should be noted that because the form object is provided by the browser environment, the array index provided by the browser environment is from 0 to n.3.1.5 Prerequisites for Reference FormsThe condition for reference to a form in JavaScript is that the form must be created on the page with an identifier and the defined form part is placed before the reference.3.2 The basic elements in the formThe basic elements in the form consist of buttons, radio buttons, check buttons, submit buttons, reset buttons, text boxes, and so on. To access these basic elements in JavaScript, you must implement an array subscript or window element name that corresponds to a specific form element. Each element is primarily referenced by its attributes ormethods.3.3 FrameworkThe main function of the Frames Frames is the "split" window, so that each "small window" can display different HTM L files. Different frames can interact with each other. This means that different frames can exchange messages and data. For example: Suppose you have opened two frames. The first frame shows the book's directory. The second frame shows the chapter's specific content.The framework can divide the screen into different areas. Each area has its own URL. Frames[] array objects can be used to access different frameworks. In fact, the frame object itself is also a kind of window, which inherits all the features of the window object and possesses all the attributes and methods. The use of the framework of the specific instructions3.4 Framework AccessEarlier we introduced using document.forms[] to access different elements in a single form. To access different elements of a multiframe in a frame, you must use the Frames property in the window object. The Frames property is also an array. It has one item for each sub-frame in the parent frameset.3.5 Summary of this chapterThis chapter mainly introduces the main functions and uses of thebasic elements in the framework. The use of JavaScript scripts can be very convenient and flexible to implement more complex information interaction of Web pages. This is not what the HTML markup language can provide. Y ou can see from it that JavaScript is a good tool for the Web to involve people.中文译文网页设计与制作作者M Siegel摘要本文将对个人网页设计与制作的方法、工具等展开研究和探讨。

网页制作外文文献及翻译

网页制作Dreamweaver外文文献及翻译Dreamweaver 3.0 is the newest version of Dreamweaver-a tool for compiling web pages, introduced by Macromedia Company. Its feature is "what you see is what you get"-this is really a blessing for novice. Also, it has functions for web site management, facilitating design and management of multiple web sites. Fig. 1 is the interface when Dreamweaver 3. 0 is activated.1. A Brief Introduction of Dream weaverCompared with its predecessor Dreamweaver 2.0, Dreamweaver3.0 is more friendly and practical for use in its operating interface, and its function has been further improved. Readers will see it is so easy to create web pages, without writing any page of code to rapidly create dynamic HTML web pages, for example, cartoon and layers; and by using its object browser, it is also possible to create web pages applicable to various platforms and browsers with very good compatibility; and it is also possible to make use of Roundtrip HTML technology provided by Dreamweaver to control the source code generated by Dreamweaver with high precision.More significantly, Dreamweaver provides you with individualized space. Your can create your own object and command, revise menu and quick keys, or even create you own JavaScript to expand Dreamweaver. It is not exaggerated at all that Dreamweaver brings in unlimited space for you to create your web pages.2. A General Description of Dreamweaver Functions(1) documents foundation and useThe documents operation is the homepage manufacture foundation. Dreamweaver not only may found the blank documents and based on the template documents, but also may edit the HTML document which in other procedures founds, for example FrontPage and so on. Dream weaver has also provided the history (History) the kneading board. The historical kneading board has recorded the reader the history which operates in the documents window, it may help you to abolish or the repetition step, and greatly simplified the homepage manufacture process. Chart 2 has demonstrated one demonstration history kneading board method.* Joins the picture and the super linkA homepage only has the text is unable to attract the person, must in the documents China and Canada person other elements. The picture certainly is inevitable, form and ultra link also essential, is abundant can suffice fascinatingly.Dream weaver provided two kinds to insert the person picture the way. The reader may choose the menu to order Insert/Image; Also may select The super link is in the documents the most important part. Had it to be allowed freely to jump from a position to another weaver formidable function has provided the many kinds of links way possibility. The mostcommon link is between the documents link, this regarding Dream weaver said certainly is a cinch. Also may found the special link using Dream weaver, for example uses the E-Mail linking the homepage, in order to promptly gains the outside each kind of feedback information, this regarding a good website said is extremely important. Also may found the script link, moves the corresponding JavaScript script, thus realizes the corresponding operation.*Website managementThe website management is the Dream weaver essence are partial. Using Dream weaver, may facilitate quickly establishes the local website and the far-end website. Dream weaver may help user's to duplicate far-end server on far-end website on the local computer, constitution local website; Also may duplicate the local website on the far-end server, constitution far-end website. Dream weaver can maintain between the local website and far-end website content synchronization, guaranteed the user carries on the renewal with wishes fulfilled to the far-end website. It also may carry on the test to in the website link, discovers break and the mistake, and carries on the repair, guarantees the website structure the accuracy.Dynamic homepage manufactureThe newest standard HTML 4.0 languages the original will expand some brand-new domains, turned the true abbreviation will be DHTML). But JavaScript and the CSS language is in function formidable DHTML the most main part. CSS and the JavaScript coordination use, may extremely simply realize the homepage dynamic effect.(2) Dream weaver 3.0 new functionsDream the weaver 3.0 new characteristics strengthened the function, improved the website management, the permission user increase navigation fence (Navigation Bar), the picture map (Images Maps) and so on the element, causes the work flow, the user and expands Dream weaver.(a) HTML edition functionFast label editorCauses the user not to need to leave Dream the weaver documents window to be allowed fast to revise, the increase, to move the HTML label.HTML styleIn 3.0 may use the standard HTML label in Dream weaver which the multi- browsers supports to found the style (for instance label and label), but in the before edition, only could use the level to fold the style list (CSS).(c) Founds and the edition object and the page elementThe user may be allowed with ease to obtain the commonly used object in the object kneading board. 1662。

企业网站建设常用中英文翻译对照表

企业网站建设常用中英文翻译对照表网站导航site map公司简介PROFILE or COMPANY Profile or Company 综述General业绩Achievements招聘Join Us求贤纳士Join Us大事Great Event动态Trends服务Service投资Investment行业Industry规划Programming环境Environment发送Delivery提交Submit重写Reset登录Enter注册Login公司设备EQUIPMENT Equipment公司荣誉GLORIES Glories企业文化CULTURE Culture产品展示PRODUCT Product资质认证quality certification企业规模SCALE Scale营销网络Sales Network组?nbsp;ORGANIZATION Organization合作加盟Join in Cooperation技术力量TECHNOLOGY Technology经理致辞Manager`s Oration发展历程Development history工程案例Engineering Projects业务范围Business Scope分支机构Branches供求信息Supply & Demand经营理念Operation Principle产品销售SALES Sales联系我们CONTACT US Contact Us信息发布INFORMA TION Information返回首页HOMEPAGE Homepage产品定购ORDER Order分类浏览Browse by category电子商务E-Business公司实力STRENGTH Strength版权所有Copy right友情连结Hot link应用领域Application Fields人力资源Human Resource HR领导致辞Leader`s Oration企业资质Enterprise qualification行业新闻Trade news行业动态Trends客户留言Customer Message客户服务Customer Service新闻动态News & Trends公司名称Company Name销售热线Sales Hot-line联系人Contact Person您的要求Your requirements建设中In construction证书CERTIFICATE Certificate地址ADD Add邮编POSTAL CODE Zipcode电话TEL Tel传真FAX Fax产品名称Product Name产品说明DESCRIPTION Description价格Price品牌Brand规格Specification尺寸Size生产厂家MANUFACUTURER Manufacturer 型号Model产品标号Item No.技术指标Technique Data产品描述Description产地Production Place销售信息Sales Information用途Application论坛Forum在线订购On-line Order招商Enterprise-establishing招标Bid inviting中国企业网技术支持Powered by 社区Community业务介绍Business introduction在线调查Online inquiry Inquiry下载中心Download会员登陆Member Entrance意见反馈Feedback常见问题FAQ中心概况General Profile教育培训Education & Training 游乐园amusement park在线交流Online communication 专题报道Special report。

jsp技术网站设计外文翻译(适用于毕业论文外文翻译+中英文对照)

Combining JSP and ServletsThe technology of JSP and Servlet is the most important technology which use Java technology to exploit request of server, and it is also the standard which exploit business application .Java developers prefer to use it for a variety of reasons, one of which is already familiar with the Java language for the development of this technology are easy to learn Java to the other is "a preparation, run everywhere" to bring the concept of Web applications, To achieve a "one-prepared everywhere realized." And more importantly, if followed some of the principles of good design, it can be said of separating and content to create high-quality, reusable, easy to maintain and modify the application. For example, if the document in HTML embedded Java code too much (script), will lead the developed application is extremely complex, difficult to read, it is not easy reuse, but also for future maintenance and modification will also cause difficulties. In fact, CSDN the JSP / Servlet forum, can often see some questions, the code is very long, can logic is not very clear, a large number of HTML and Java code mixed together. This is the random development of the defects.Early dynamic pages mainly CGI (Common Gateway Interface, public Gateway Interface) technology, you can use different languages of the CGI programs, such as VB, C / C + + or Delphi, and so on. Though the technology of CGI is developed and powerful, because of difficulties in programming, and low efficiency, modify complex shortcomings,it is gradually being replaced by the trend. Of all the new technology, JSP / Servlet with more efficient and easy to program, more powerful, more secure and has a good portability, they have been many people believe that the future is the most dynamic site of the future development of technology.Similar to CGI, Servlet support request / response model. When a customer submit a request to the server, the server presented the request Servlet, Servlet responsible for handling requests and generate a response, and then gave the server, and then from the server sent to the customer. And the CGI is different, Servlet not generate a new process, but with HTTP Server at the same process. It threads through the use of technology, reduce the server costs. Servlet handling of the request process is this: When received from the client's request, calling service methods, the method of Servlet arrival of the first judgement is what type of request (GET / POST / HEAD…), then calls the appropriate treatment (DoGet / doPos t / doHead…) and generate a response.Although such a complex, in fact, simply said to Servlet is a Java class. And the general category of the difference is that this type operating in a Servlet container, which can provide session management and targeted life-cycle management. So that when you use the Servlet, you can get all the benefits of the Java platform, including the safety of the management, use JDBC access the database and cross-platform capability. Moreover, Servlet using thread, and can develop more efficient Web applications.JSP technology is a key J2EE technology, it at a higher level of abstraction of a Servlet.It allows conventional static and dynamic HTML content generated by combining an HTML page looks like, but as a Servlet to run. There are many commercial application server support JSP technology, such as BEA WebLogic, IBM WebSphere, JRun, and so on. JSP and Servlet use more than simple. If you have a JSP support for Web servers, and a JSP document, you can put it Fangdao any static HTML files can be placed, do not have to compile, do not have to pack, do not have to ClassPath settings, you can visit as ordinary Web It did visit, the server will automatically help you to do other work.JSP document looks like an ordinary static HTML document, but inside contains a number of Java code. It uses. Jsp the suffix, used to tell the server this document in need of special treatment. When we visit a JSP page, the document will first be translated into a JSP engine Java source files, is actually a Servlet, and compiler, and then, like other Servlet, from Servlet engine to handle. Servlet engine of this type loading, handling requests from customers, and the results returned to the customer, as shown below:Figure 1: Calling the process of JSP pagesAfter another visit this page to the customer, as long as the paper there have been no changes, JSP engine has been loaded directly call the Servlet. If you have already been modified, it will be once again the implementation of the above process, translate, compile and load. In fact, this is the so-called "first person to punishment." Because when the first visit to the implementation of a series of the above process, so will spend some time after such a visit would not.Java servlets offer a powerful API that provides access to all the information about the request, the session, and the application. combining JSP with servlets lets you clearly separate the application logic from the presentation of the application; in other words, it lets you use the most appropriate component type for the roles of Model, View and Controller.Servlets, Filters, and ListenersA servlet is a Java class that extends a server with functionality for processing a request and producing a response. It's implemented using the classes and interfaces defined by the Servlet API. The API consists of two packages: the javax.servlet package contains classes and interfaces that are protocol-independent, while the javax.servlet.http package provides HTTP-specific extensions and utility classes.What makes a servlet a servlet is that the class implements an interface named javax.servlet.Servlet, either directly or by extending one of the support classes. This interface defines the methods used by the web container to manage and interact with theservlet. A servlet for processing HTTP requests typically extends the javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet class. This class implements the Servlet interface and provides additional methods suitable for HTTP processing.Servlet LifecycleThe web container manages all aspects of the servlet's lifecycle. It creates an instance of the servlet class when needed, passes requests to the instance for processing, and eventually removes the instance. For an HttpServlet, the container calls the following methods at the appropriate times in the servlet lifecycle.Besides the doGet( ) and doPost( ) methods, there are methods corresponding to the other HTTP methods: doDelete( ), doHead( ), doOptions( ), doPut( ), and doTrace( ). Typically you don't implement these methods; the HttpServlet class already takes care of HEAD, OPTIONS, and TRACE requests in a way that's suitable for most servlets, and the DELETE and PUT HTTP methods are rarely used in a web application.It's important to realize that the container creates only one instance of each servlet. This means that the servlet must be thread safe -- able to handle multiple requests at the same time, each executing as a separate thread through the servlet code. Without getting lost in details, you satisfy this requirement with regards to instance variables if you modify the referenced objects only in the init( ) and destroy( ) methods, and just read them in the request processing methods.Compiling and Installing a ServletTo compile a servlet, you must first ensure that you have the JAR file containing all Servlet API classes in the CLASSPATH environment variable. The JAR file is distributed with all web containers. Tomcat includes it in a file called servlet.jar, located in the common/lib directory. On a Windows platform, you include the JAR file in the CLASSPATH.. Reading a RequestOne of the arguments passed to the doGet( ) and doPost( ) methods is an object that implements the HttpServletRequest interface. This interface defines methods that provide access to a wealth of information about the request.Generating a ResponseBesides the request object, the container passes an object that implements the HttpServletResponse interface as an argument to the doGet( ) and doPost( ) methods. This interface defines methods for getting a writer or stream for the response body. It also defines methods for setting the response status code and headers.Using Filters and ListenersThe servlet specification defines two component types beside servlets: filters and listeners. These two types were introduced in the Servlet 2.3 specification, so if you're using a container that doesn't yet support this version of the specification, I'm afraid you'reout of luck.FiltersA filter is a component that can intercept a request targeted for a servlet, JSP page, or static page, as well as the response before it's sent to the client. This makes it easy to centralize tasks that apply to all requests, such as access control, logging, and charging for the content or the services offered by the application. A filter has full access to the body and headers of the request and response, so it can also perform various transformations. One example is compressing the response body if the Accept-Language request header indicates that the client can handle a compressed response.A filter can be applied to either a specific servlet or to all requests matching a URL pattern, such as URLs starting with the same path elements or having the same extension. ListenersListeners allow your application to react to certain events. Prior to Servlet 2.3, you could handle only session attribute binding events (triggered when an object was added or removed from a session). You could do this by letting the object saved as a sessionattribute(using the HttpSession.setAttribute() method)implement the HttpSessionBindingListener interface. With the new interfaces introduced in the 2.3 version of the specification, you can create listeners for servlet context and session lifecycle events as well as session activation and passivation events (used by a container that temporarily saves session state to disk or migrates a session to another server). A newsession attribute event listener also makes it possible to deal with attribute binding events for all sessions in one place, instead of placing individual listener objects in each session.The new types of listeners follow the standard Java event model. In other words, a listener is a class that implements one or more of the listener interfaces. The interfaces define methods that correspond to events. The listener class is registered with the container when the application starts, and the container then calls the event methods at the appropriate times.Initializing Shared Resources Using a ListenerBeans like this typically need to be initialized before they can be used. For instance, they may need a reference to a database or some other external data source and may create an initial information cache in memory to provide fast access even to the first request for data. You can include code for initialization of the shared resources in the servlet and JSP pages that need them, but a more modular approach is to place all this code in one place and let the other parts of the application work on the assumption that the resources are already initialized and available. An application lifecycle listener is a perfect tool for this type of resource initialization. This type of listener implements the javax.servlet.ServletContextListener interface, with methods called by the container when the application starts and when it shuts down.Picking the Right Component Type for Each TaskThe Project Billboard application introduced is a fairly complex application. Half thepages are pure controller and business logic processing, it accesses a database to authenticate users, and most pages require access control. In real life, it would likely contain even more pages, for instance, pages for access to a shared document archive, time schedules, and a set of pages for administration. As the application evolves, it may become hard to maintain as a pure JSP application. It's easy to forget to include the access control code in new pages.This is clearly an application that can benefit from using a combination of JSP pages and the component types defined by the servlet specification for the MVC roles. Let's look at the main requirements and see how we can map them to appropriate component types:●Database access should be abstracted, to avoid knowledge of a specific dataschema or database engine in more than one part of the application: beans in therole of Model can be used to accomplish this.●The database access beans must be made available to all other parts of theapplication when it starts: an application lifecycle event listener is the perfectcomponent type for this task.●Only authenticated users must be allowed to use the application: a filter canperform access control to satisfy this requirement.●Request processing is best done with Java code: a servlet, acting as the Controller,fits the bill.●It must be easy to change the presentation: this is where JSP shines, acting as theView.Adding servlets, listeners, and filters to the mix minimizes the need for complex logic in the JSP pages. Placing all this code in Java classes instead makes it possible to use a regular Java compiler and debugger to fix potential problems.Centralized Request Processing Using a ServletWith a servlet as the common entry point for all application requests, you gain control over the page flow of the application. The servlet can decide which type of response to generate depending on the outcome of the requested action, such as returning a common error page for all requests that fail, or different responses depending on the type of client making the request. With the help from some utility classes, it can also provide services such as input validation, I18N preparations, and in general, encourage a more streamlined approach to request handling.When you use a servlet as a Controller, you must deal with the following basic requirements:●All requests for processing must be passed to the single Controller servlet.●The servlet must be able to distinguish requests for different types of processing.Here are other features you will want support for, even though they may not be requirements for all applications:● A strategy for extending the application to support new types of processingA mechanism for changing the page flow of the application without modifyingcode.Mapping Application Requests to the ServletThe first requirement for using a Controller servlet is that all requests must pass through it. This can be satisfied in many ways. If you have played around a bit with servlets previously, you're probably used to invoking a servlet with a URI that starts with /myApp/servlet. This is a convention introduced by Suns Java Web Server (JWS), the first product to support servlets before the API was standardized. Most servlet containers support this convention today, even though it's not formally defined in the servlet specification.将Servlet和JSP组合使用Servlet和JSP技术是用Java开发服务器端应用的主要技术，是开发商务应用表示端的标准。

计算机类网站网络建设外文翻译、中英文翻译、外文文献翻译

外文翻译Birth of the NetThe Internet has had a relatively brief, but explosive history so far. It grew out of an experiment begun in the 1960's by the U.S. Department of Defense. The DoD wanted to create a computer network that would continue to function in the event of a disaster, such as a nuclear war. If part of the network were damaged or destroyed, the rest of the system still had to work. That network was ARPANET, which linked U.S. scientific and academic researchers. It was the forerunner of today's Internet.In 1985, the National Science Foundation (NSF) created NSFNET, a series of networks for research and education communication. Based on ARPANET protocols, the NSFNET created a national backbone service, provided free to any U.S. research and educational institution. At the same time, regional networks were created to link individual institutions with the national backbone service.NSFNET grew rapidly as people discovered its potential, and as new software applications were created to make access easier. Corporations such as Sprint and MCI began to build their own networks, which they linked to NSFNET. As commercial firms and other regional network providers have taken over the operation of the major Internet arteries, NSF has withdrawn from the backbone business.NSF also coordinated a service called InterNIC, which registered all addresses on the Internet so that data could be routed to the right system. This service has now been taken over by Network Solutions, Inc., in cooperation with NSF.How the Web WorksThe World Wide Web, the graphical portion of the Internet, is the most popular part of the Internet by far. Once you spend time on the Web,you will begin to feel like there is no limit to what you can discover. The Web allows rich and diverse communication by displaying text, graphics, animation, photos, sound and video.So just what is this miraculous creation? The Web physically consists of your personal computer, web browser software, a connection to an Internet service provider, computers called servers that host digital data and routers and switches to direct the flow of information.The Web is known as a client-server system. Your computer is the client; the remote computers that store electronic files are the servers. Here's how it works:Let's say you want to pay a visit to the the Louvre museum website. First you enter the address or URL of the website in your web browser (more about this shortly). Then your browser requests the web page from the web server that hosts the Louvre's site. The Louvre's server sends the data over the Internet to your computer. Your web browser interprets the data, displaying it on your computer screen.The Louvre's website also has links to the sites of other museums, such as the Vatican Museum. When you click your mouse on a link, you access the web server for the Vatican Museum.The "glue" that holds the Web together is called hypertext and hyperlinks. This feature allow electronic files on the Web to be linked so you can easily jump between them. On the Web, you navigate through pages of information based on what interests you at that particular moment, commonly known as browsing or surfing the Net.To access the Web you need web browser software, such as Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Internet Explorer. How does your web browser distinguish between web pages and other files on the Internet? Web pages are written in a computer language called Hypertext Markup Language or HTML.Some Web HistoryThe World Wide Web (WWW) was originally developed in 1990 at CERN, the European Laboratory for Particle Physics. It is now managed by The World Wide Web Consortium, also known as the World Wide Web Initiative.The WWW Consortium is funded by a large number of corporate members, including AT&T, Adobe Systems, Inc., Microsoft Corporation and Sun Microsystems, Inc. Its purpose is to promote the growth of the Web by developing technical specifications and reference software that will be freely available to everyone. The Consortium is run by MIT with INRIA (The French National Institute for Research in Computer Science) acting as European host, in collaboration with CERN.The National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, was instrumental in the development of early graphical software utilizing the World Wide Web features created by CERN. NCSA focuses on improving the productivity of researchers by providing software for scientific modeling, analysis, and visualization. The World Wide Web was an obvious way to fulfill that mission. NCSA Mosaic, one of the earliest web browsers, was distributed free to the public. It led directly to the phenomenal growth of the World Wide Web.Understanding Web AddressesYou can think of the World Wide Web as a network of electronic files stored on computers all around the world. Hypertext links these resources together. Uniform Resource Locators or URLs are the addresses used to locate thesefiles. The information contained in a URL gives you the ability to jump from one web page to another with just a click of your mouse. When you type a URL into your browser or click on a hypertext link, your browser is sending a request to a remote computer to download a file.What does a typical URL look like? Here are some examples:/The home page for study english.ftp:///pub/A directory of files at MIT* available for downloading.news:rec.gardens.rosesA newsgroup on rose gardening.The first part of a URL (before the two slashes* tells you the type of resource or method of access at that address. For example:∙http - a hypertext document or directory∙gopher - a gopher document or menu∙ftp - a file available for downloading or a directory of such files∙news - a newsgroup∙telnet - a computer system that you can log into over the Internet∙WAIS* - a database or document in a Wide Area Information Search database∙file - a file located on a local drive (your hard drive)The second part is typically the address of the computer where the data or service is located. Additional parts may specify the names of files, the port to connect to, or the text to search for in a database.You can enter the URL of a site by typing it into the Location bar of your web browser, just under the toolbar.Most browsers record URLs that you want to use again, by adding them to a special menu. In Netscape Navigator, it's called Bookmarks. In Microsoft Explorer, it's called Favorites. Once you add a URL to your list, you can return to that web page simply by clicking on the name in your list, instead of retyping the entire URL.Most of the URLs you will be using start with http which stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol*. http is the method by which HTML files are transferred over the Web. Here are some other important things to know about URLs:∙ A URL usually has no spaces.∙ A URL always uses forward slashes (//).If you enter a URL incorrectly, your browser will not be able to locate the site or resource you want. Should you get an error message or the wrong site, make sure you typed the address correctly.You can find the URL behind any link by passing your mouse cursor over the link. The pointer will turn into a hand and the URL will appear in the browser's status ba r, usually located at the bottom of your screen.Domain NamesWhen you think of the Internet, you probably think of ".com." Just what do those three letters at the end of a World Wide Web address mean?Every computer that hosts data on the Internet has a unique numerical address. For example, the numerical address for the White House is198.137.240.100. But since few people want to remember long strings of numbers, the Domain Name System (DNS)* was developed. DNS, a critical part of the Internet's technical infrastructure*, correlates* a numerical address to a word. To access the White House website, you could type its number into the address box of your web browser. But most people prefer to use "." In this case, the domain name is . In general, the three-letter domain name suffix* is known as a generictop-level domai n and describes the type of organization. In the last few years, the lines have somewhat blurred* between these categories..com - business (commercial).edu - educational.org - non-profit.mil - military.net - network provider.gov - governmentA domain name always has two or more parts separated by dots and typically consists of some form of an organization's name and the three-letter suffix. For example, the domain name for IBM is ""; the United Nations is "."If a domain name is available, and provided it does not infringe* on an existing trademark, anyone can register the name for $35 a year through Network Solutions, Inc., which is authorized to register .com, .net and .org domains. You can use the box below to see if a name is a available. Don't be surprised ifthe .com name you want is already taken, however. Of the over 8 million domain names, 85% are .com domains.ICANN, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, manages the Domain Name System. As of this writing, there are plans to add additional top-level domains, such as .web and .store. When that will actually happen is anybody's guess.To check for, or register a domain name, type it into the search box.It should take this form: In addition to the generic top-level domains, 244 national top-level domains were established for countries and territories*, for example:.au - Australia.ca - Canada.fr - France.de - Germany.uk - United KingdomFor US $275 per name, you can also register an international domain name with Net Names. Be aware that some countries have restrictions for registering names.If you plan to register your own domain name, whether it's a .com or not, keep these tips in mind:The shorter the name, the better. (But it should reflect your family name, interest or business.)The name should be easy to remember.It should be easy to type without making mistakes.Remember, the Internet is global. Ideally, a domain name will "read" in a language other than English.Telephone lines were designed to carry the human voice, not electronic data from a computer. Modems were invented to convert digital computer signals into a form that allows them to travel over the phone lines. Those are the scratchy sounds you hear from a modem's speaker. A modem on theother end of the line can understand it and convert the sounds back into digital information that the computer can understand. By the way, the word modem stands for MOdulator/DEModulator.Buying and using a modem used to be relatively easy. Not too long ago, almost all modems transferred data at a rate of 2400 Bps (bits per second). Today, modems not only run faster, they are also loaded with features like error control and data compression. So, in addition to converting and interpreting signals, modems also act like traffic cops, monitoring and regulating the flow of information. That way, one computer doesn't send information until the receiving computer is ready for it. Each of these features, modulation, error control, and data compression, requires a separate kind of protocol and that's what some of those terms you see like V.32, V.32bis, V.42bis and MNP5 refer to.If your computer didn't come with an internal modem, consider buying an external one, because it is much easier to install and operate. For example, when your modem gets stuck (not an unusual occurrence), you need to turn it off and on to get it working properly. With an internal modem, that means restarting your computer--a waste of time. With an external modem it's as easy as flipping a switch.Here's a tip for you: in most areas, if you have Call Waiting, you can disable it by inserting *70 in front of the number you dial to connect to the Internet (or any online service). This will prevent an incoming call from accidentally kicking you off the line.This table illustrates the relative difference in data transmission speeds for different types of files. A modem's speed is measured in bits per second (bps). A 14.4 modem sends data at 14,400 bits per second. A 28.8 modem is twice as fast, sending and receiving data at a rate of 28,800 bits per second.Until nearly the end of 1995, the conventional wisdom was that 28.8 Kbps was about the fastest speed you could squeeze out of a regular copper telephoneline. Today, you can buy 33.6 Kbps modems, and modems that are capable of 56 Kbps. The key question for you, is knowing what speed modems your Internet service provider (ISP) has. If your ISP has only 28.8 Kbps modems on its end of the line, you could have the fastest modem in the world, and only be able to connect at 28.8 Kbps. Before you invest in a 33.6 Kbps or a 56 Kbps modem, make sure your ISP supports them.Speed It UpThere are faster ways to transmit data by using an ISDN or leased line. In many parts of the U.S., phone companies are offering home ISDN at less than $30 a month. ISDN requires a so-called ISDN adapter instead of a modem, and a phone line with a special connection that allows it to send and receive digital signals. You have to arrange with your phone company to have this equipment installed. For more about ISDN, visit Dan Kegel's ISDN Page.An ISDN line has a data transfer rate of between 57,600 bits per second and 128,000 bits per second, which is at least double the rate of a 28.8 Kbps modem. Leased lines come in two configurations: T1 and T3. A T1 line offers a data transfer rate of 1.54 million bits per second. Unlike ISDN, a T-1 line is a dedicated connection, meaning that it is permanently connected to the Internet. This is useful for web servers or other computers that need to be connected to the Internet all the time. It is possible to lease only a portion of a T-1 line using one of two systems: fractional T-1 or Frame Relay. You can lease them in blocks ranging from 128 Kbps to 1.5 Mbps. The differences are not worth going into in detail, but fractional T-1 will be more expensive at the slower available speeds and Frame Relay will be slightly more expensive as you approach the full T-1 speed of 1.5 Mbps. A T-3 line is significantly faster, at 45 million bits per second. The backbone of the Internet consists of T-3 lines. Leased lines are very expensive and are generally only used by companies whose business is built around the Internet or need to transfer massiveamounts of data. ISDN, on the other hand, is available in some cities for a very reasonable price. Not all phone companies offer residential ISDN service. Check with your local phone company for availability in your area.Cable ModemsA relatively new development is a device that provides high-speed Internet access via a cable TV network. With speeds of up to 36 Mbps, cable modems can download data in seconds that might take fifty times longer with a dial-up connection. Because it works with your TV cable, it doesn't tie up a telephone line. Best of all, it's always on, so there is no need to connect--no more busy signals! This service is now available in some cities in the United States and Europe.The download times in the table above are relative and are meant to give you a general idea of how long it would take to download different sized files at different connection speeds, under the best of circumstances. Many things can interfere with the speed of your file transfer. These can range from excessive line noise on your telephone line and the speed of the web server from which you are downloading files, to the number of other people who are simultaneously trying to access the same file or other files in the same directory.DSLDSL (Digital Subscriber Line) is another high-speed technology that is becoming increasingly popular. DSL lines are always connected to the Internet, so you don't need to dial-up. Typically, data can be transferred at rates up to 1.544 Mbps downstream and about 128 Kbps upstream over ordinary telephone lines. Since a DSL line carries both voice and data, you don't have to install another phone line. You can use your existing line to establish DSLservice, provided service is available in your area and you are within the specified distance from the telephone company's central switching office.DSL service requires a special modem. Prices for equipment, DSL installation and monthly service can vary considerably, so check with your local phone company and Internet service provider. The good news is that prices are coming down as competition heats up.Anatomy of a Web PageA web page is an electronic document written in a computer language called HTML, short for Hypertext Markup Language. Each web page has a unique address, called a URL* or Uniform Resource Locator, which identifies its location on the network.A website has one or more related web pages, depending on how it's designed. Web pages on a site are linked together through a system of hyperlinks* , enabling you to jump between them by clicking on a link. On the Web, you navigate through pages of information according to your interests.Home Sweet Home PageWhen you browse the World Wide Web you'll see the term home page often. Think of a home page as the starting point of a website. Like the table of contents of a book or magazine, the home page usually provides an overview of what you'll find at the website. A site can have one page, many pages or a few long ones, depending on how it's designed. If there isn't a lot of information, the home page may be the only page. But usually you will find at least a few other pages.Web pages vary wildly in design and content, but most use a traditional magazine format. At the top of the page is a masthead* or banner graphic*, then a list of items, such as articles, often with a brief description. The items in the list usually link to other pages on the website, or to other sites. Sometimes these links are highlighted* words in the body of the text, or are arranged in a list, like an index. They can also be a combination* of both. A web page can also have images that link to other content.How can you tell which text are links? Text links appear in a different color from the rest of the text--typically in blue and underlined. When you move yourcursor over a text link or over a graphic link, it will change from an arrow to a hand. The hypertext words often hint* at what you will link to.When you return to a page with a link you've already visited, the hypertext words will often be in a different color, so you know you've already been there. But you can certainly go there again. Don't be surprised though, if the next time you visit a site, the page looks different and the information has changed. The Web is a dynamic* medium. To encourage visitors to return to a site, some web publishers change pages often. That's what makes browsing the Web so excitingA Home (Page) of Your OwnIn the 60s, people asked about your astrological* sign. In the 90s, they want to know your URL. These days, having a web address is almost as important as a street address. Your website is an electronic meeting place for your family, friends and potentially*, millions of people around the world. Building your digital domain can be easier than you may think. Best of all, you may not have to spend a cent. The Web brims with all kinds of free services, from tools to help you build your site, to free graphics, animation and site hosting. All it takes is some time and creativity.Think of your home page as the starting point of your website. Like the table of contents of a book or magazine, the home page is the front door. Your site can have one or more pages, depending on how you design it. If there isn't a lot of information just yet, your site will most likely have only a home page. But the site is sure to grow over time.While web pages vary dramatically* in their design and content, most use a traditional magazine layout. At the top of the page is a banner graphic. Next comes a greeting and a short description of the site. Pictures, text, and links to other websites follow.If the site has more than one page, there's typically a list of items--similar to an index--often with a brief description. The items in the list link to other pages on the website. Sometimes these links are highlighted words in the body of the text. It can also be a combination of both. Additionally, a web page may have images that link to other content.Before you start building your site, do some planning. Think about whom the site is for and what you want to say. Next, gather up the material that you wantto put on the site: write the copy, scan the photos, design or find the graphics. Draw a rough layout on a sheet of paper.While there are no rules you have to follow, there are a few things to keep in mind:∙Start simply. If you are too ambitious at the beginning, you may never get the site off the ground. You can always add to your site.∙Less is better. Most people don't like to read a lot of text online. Break it into small chunks.∙Use restraint. Although you can use wild colors and images for the background of your pages, make sure your visitors will be able to readthe text easily.∙Smaller is better. Most people connect to the Internet with a modem.Since it can take a long time to download large image files, keep the file sizes small.∙Have the rights. Don't put any material on your site unless you are sure you can do it legally. Read Learn the Net's copyright article for moreabout this.Stake Your ClaimNow it's time to roll up your sleeves and start building. Learn the Net Communities provides tools to help you build your site, free web hosting, and a community of other homesteaders.Your Internet service provider may include free web hosting services with an account, one alternative to consider.Decoding Error MessagesAs you surf the Net, you will undoubtedly find that at times you can't access certain websites. Why, you make wonder? Error messages attempt to explain the reason. Unfortunately, these cryptic* messages baffle* most people.We've deciphered* the most common ones you may encounter.400 - Bad RequestProblem: There's something wrong with the address you entered. You may not be authorized* to access the web page, or maybe it no longer exists.Solution: Check the address carefully, especially if the address is long. Make sure that the slashes are correct (they should be forward slashes) and that all the names are properly spelled. Web addresses are case sensitive, socheck that the names are capitalized in your entry as they are in the original reference to the website.401 - UnauthorizedProblem: You can't access a website, because you're not on the guest list, your password is invalid or you have entered your password incorrectly.Solution: If you think you have authorization, try typing your password again. Remember that passwords are case sensitive.403 - ForbiddenProblem: Essentially the same as a 401.Solution: Try entering your password again or move on to another site.404 - Not FoundProblem: Either the web page no longer exists on the server or it is nowhere to be found.Solution: Check the address carefully and try entering it again. You might also see if the site has a search engine and if so, use it to hunt for the document. (It's not uncommon for pages to change their addresses when a website is redesigned.) To get to the home page of the site, delete everything after the domain name and hit the Enter or Return key.503 - Service unavailableProblem: Your Internet service provider (ISP) or your company's Internet connection may be down.Solution: Take a stretch, wait a few minutes and try again. If you still have no luck, phone your ISP or system administrator.Bad file requestProblem: Your web browser may not be able to decipher the online form you want to access. There may also be a technical error in the form.Solution: Consider sending a message to the site's webmaster, providing any technical information you can, such as the browser and version you use.Connection refused by hostProblem: You don't have permission to access the page or your password is incorrect.Solution: Try typing your password again if you think you should have access.Failed DNS lookupProblem: DNS stands for the Domain Name System, which is the system that looks up the name of a website, finds a corresponding number (similar to a phone number), then directs your request to the appropriate web server on theInternet. When the lookup fails, the host server can't be located.Solution: Try clicking on the Reload or Refresh button on your browser toolbar. If this doesn't work, check the address and enter it again. If all else fails, try again later.File contains no dataProblem: The site has no web pages on it.Solution: Check the address and enter it again. If you get the same error message, try again later.Host unavailableProblem: The web server is down.Solution: Try clicking on the Reload or Refresh button. If this doesn't work, try again later.Host unknownProblem: The web server is down, the site may have moved, or you've been disconnected from the Net.Solution: Try clicking on the Reload or Refresh button and check to see that you are still online. If this fails, try using a search engine to find the site. It may have a new address.Network connection refused by the serverProblem: The web server is busy.Solution: Try again in a while.Unable to locate hostProblem: The web server is down or you've been disconnected from the Net.Solution: Try clicking on the Reload or Refresh button and check to see that you are still online.Unable to locate serverProblem: The web server is out-of-business or you may have entered the address incorrectly.Solution: Check the address and try typing it again.Web BrowsersA web browser is the software program you use to access the World Wide Web, the graphical portion of the Internet. The first browser, called NCSA Mosaic, was developed at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications in the early '90s. The easy-to-use point-and-click interface*helped popularize the Web, although few then could imagine the explosive growth that would soon occur.Although many different browsers are available, Microsoft Internet Explorer* and Netscape Navigator* are the two most popular ones. Netscape and Microsoft have put so much money into their browsers that the competition can't keep up. The pitched battle* between the two companies to dominate* the market has lead to continual improvements to the software. Version 4.0 and later releases of either browser are excellent choices. (By the way, both are based on NCSA Mosaic.) You can download Explorer and Navigator for free from each company's website. If you have one browser already, you can test out the other. Also note that there are slight differences between the Windows and MacIntosh* versions.You can surf to your heart's content, but it's easy to get lost in this electronic web. That's where your browser can really help. Browsers come loaded with all sorts of handy features. Fortunately, you can learn the basics in just a few minutes, then take the time to explore the advanced functions.Both Explorer and Navigator have more similarities than differences, so we'll primarily cover those. For the most up-to-date information about the browsers, and a complete tutorial, check the online handbook under the Help menu or go to the websites of the respective* software companies.Browser AnatomyWhen you first launch your web browser, usually by double-clicking on the icon on your desktop, a predefined web page, your home page, will appear. With Netscape Navigator for instance, you will be taken to Netscape's NetCenter.The Toolbar （工具栏）The row of buttons at the top of your web browser, known as the toolbar, helps you travel through the web of possibilities, even keeping track ofwhere you've been. Since the toolbars for Navigator and Explorer differ slightly, we'll first describe what the buttons in common do:o The Back button returns you the previous page you've visited.o Use the Forward button to return to the page you just came from.o Home takes you to whichever home page you've chosen. (If you haven't selected one, it will return you to the default home page,usually the Microsoft or Netscape website.)。

网站设计外文翻译---社交网站：定义、历史以及内涵

Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship
danah m. boyd, Nicole B. Ellison
Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, Volume 13, Issue 1, pages 210–230, October 2007
While we use the term “social network site” to describe this phenomenon, the term “social networking sites” also appears in public discourse, and the two terms are often used interchangeably. We chose not to employ the term “networking” for two reasons: emphasis and scope. “Networking” emphasizes relationship initiation, often between strangers. While networking is possible on these sites, it is not the primary practice on many of them, nor is it what differentiates them from other forms of computer-mediated communication (CMC).
What makes social network sites unique is not that they allow individuals to meet strangers, but rather that they enable users to articulate and make visible their social networks. This can result in connections between individuals that would not otherwise be made, but that is often not the goal, and these meetings are frequently between “latent ties” (Haythornthwaite, 2005) who share some offline connection. On many of the large SNSs, participants are not necessarily “networking” or looking to meet new people; instead, they are primarily communicating with people who are already a part of their extended social network. To emphasize this articulated social network as a critical organizing feature of these sites, we label them “social network sites.”

网站建设外文文献翻译

O n s i t e c o n s t r u c t i o n t e c h n o l o g y1 IntroductionThe development of network technology for today's global information exchange and sharing funding source in the establishment of contacts and provide more channels and possible. Homes will be known world affairs, according few keyboard or a few mouse clicks can be distant friends thousands of miles away exchanges, and online communications, Internet browsing, on-line interactive, e-commerce has become a modern part of people's lives. Internet era, has created the new people's work and lifestyle, the Internet, openness and sharing of information model, breaking the traditional mode of information dissemination many barriers for people with new opportunities. With computers and the advent of the information age, the pace of the advance of human society in gradually accelerated. In recent years the development of web design, fast people occupied.With the development of web design, a colorful online website together one scenic beauty. To design aesthetic and practical web site should be thoroughly master the building techniques. In building site, we analyzed the websites of objectives, contents, functions, structure, the application of more web design technology. 2 the definition of websit 2.1 How definition of websites Web site identified the tasks and objectives, the building site is the most important issue. Why people will come to your website? You have a unique service? The first people to your website is to what? They will come back? All these issues must be taken into account when the site definition of the problem. Definition site to, first of all, the entire site must have a clear understanding of what the design should understand in the end, the main purpose of the mission, how to carry out the task of organization and planning. Second, to maintain the high-quality Web site. Many websites in the face of strong competition from high-quality product is the greatest long-term competitive advantage. An excellent Web site should have the following:(1) users visit Web site is faster.(2) attention to the feedback and updates. To update the content of the website and timely feedback the user's requirements;(3) Home design to be reasonable. Home to the first impression left by visitors is important, the design must be attractive in order to have a good visual effect.2.2 The contents of the website and functionThe content of the web site is to be a new, fast, all three sides. The content of the website, including the type of static, dynamic, functional and things to deal with. Website content is determined in accordance with the nature ofthe site, in the design of the site, commercial websites, popular science site, company websites, teaching and exchange websites, the content and style are different. We have established websites with the nature of these types of sites are not the same. 2.3 The structure website(1) site structure;(2) definition of navigation; (3) Visual Design;(4) framework and design pages. 3 Site Design and ImplementationWith increasing demands on design, high style, high-grade design work before gaining popularity. This also to the designers have put forward higher requirements, from this point of view, the plate design is to meet the requirements of the people should be and Health. The rapid development of science and technology, the Internet into millions of households, also produced a new design space, and a new web design an important part of the field of design. Excellent web design, we must have good creative, so that the audience can be difficult to shift attention long time, produce power. Layout is very important, through text, graphics space portfolio, can best express harmony with the United States. If you want to further understand website design, made separately from other web site's homepage, you need to have more like CSS, javascript, CGI, and other web design technology. In building on the site of the CSS, javascript and other web design technology. 3.1 Application Design website CSS(1)What is CSS? CSS is a style sheet (stylesheet) technology. Some of them called CSS (Cascading Stylesheet).(2) the combination of CSS and HTML form. Mode 1: The CSS content, as defined in the writing between the labels. Mode 2: CSS will be preserved as a separate text file, and then from labels to call.(3) CSS the web site of examples. The web site pages, and increase the following definition so that the pages show with special effects. 3.2 Application Design website javascriptjavascript and the emergence of making information between users is not only a display and browse the relationship, but to achieve a real-time, dynamic, cross-expression. Thus based on the CGI static HTML pages will be to provide dynamic real-time information, and customer response to the operation of the Web pages replaced. javascript scripting is satisfy this demand arising from the language. It's loved by extensive user. Many scripting language it is in a relatively good. WWW and effectively achieve the combination of the computer network computing and network blueprint.4 Construction on the site ExperienceWith the popularity of the Internet, more and more government departments, companies and individuals aware of the need to have their own independent Website. Below on the design and production sites on some of their own experience. After conducting systematic analysis End, we should carry out system design. Web page design similar to the development of software design, top-down, bottom-up and continuous updating, and other design methods. The main task is to design the content of the sites, including the website information organization structure, appearance, content block, navigation and links, directory structure design. System design is the site ready before the concrete realization of the website to further the realization of more specific requirements, the overall effect on the website, local details have a clearer idea. This entire process is the key site planning.Next is how to achieve their own Web site design issues. The realization of the site, I think the need to be considered in two parts: the realization website; Web servers can be achieved. In the process of achieving website, technology selection is very important. Former major use HTML language, the stronger the interactive website, the proposed use of ASP, JSP, PHP and other programming to help achieve,the more complex Web site may also have its own database. The latter is based on all kinds of different operating systems used Web server software installation and debugging. This stage is the whole process of the most important and most time-consuming part.When we completed the work, the need for website released. At this stage of the production on the website drawing to a close, the main task is to do a good job in the website release to the network, the web site for final modifications, testing, homepage can guarantee normal operation of the network.Published in the website after website to deal with various aspects of the tests, including the possibility of any different web browsers, different visitors have shown normal, ASP, JSP, PHP normal procedure can work, and so on. This stage is the website of trial operation period, the website at this time should be to make up for various shortcomings, the website will be more perfected.After a period of operation, the site entered the normal operation period, the main task is to update outdated information website, the visitor's message timely feedback to further improve the website, the introduction of new technologies constantly update website, visit web pages more quickly, more aesthetic appearance, Information Resources richer.Above is the establishment of the station to roughly follow the seven steps, seven steps are complementary, but can be the basis of ease of website and complexity of a weakening or strengthening appropriate link. In short, building a successful web site is not an easy task, it needs all-round consideration, the Composite various factors.5 concluding remarksWith the rapid development of Internet technology, in all walks of life have joined the industry to the Internet. Whether from the management side, or from a commercial point of view, the Internet can bring immense vitality. Internet to become a talented designer Shi new world. People will continue to explore, will be the site of the building in the application of new technologies in the web site.网站建设技术1 介绍网络技术的发展,为今天全球性的信息交流与资源共享和交往提供了更多的途径和可能。

网站建设中常用英文-网站导航栏目英文翻译

网站建设中常用英文，网站导航栏目英文翻译。

公司简介PROFILE 或者COMPANY Profile 或者Company 或者about us 公司设备Equipment公司荣誉Glories企业文化Culture产品展示Product资质认证quality certification企业规模Scale营销网络Sales Network组织机构organization合作加盟Join in Cooperation技术力量Technology经理致辞Manager`s oration发展历程Development history工程案例Engineering Projects业务范围Business Scope分支机构Branches供求信息Supply & Demand经营理念Operation Principle产品销售Sales联系我们Contact Us信息发布Information返回首页Homepage Home产品定购order分类浏览Browse by category电子商务E-Business公司实力Strength版权所有Copy right友情连结Hot link使用领域Application Fields人力资源Human Resource HR领导致辞Leader`s oration企业资质Enterprise qualification行业新闻Trade news行业动态Trends客户留言Customer Message客户服务Customer Service新闻动态News & Trends公司名称Company Name销售热线Sales Hot-line联系人Contact Person您的要求Your requirements建设中In construction证书Certificate地址Address ADD邮编POSTAL CODE Zipcode电话TEL Tel传真FAX Fax产品名称Product Name产品说明DESCRIPTION Description价格Price品牌Brand规格Specification尺寸Size生产厂家MANUFACUTURER Manufacturer 型号Model产品标号Item No.技术指标Technique Data产品描述Description产地Production Place销售信息Sales Information用途Application论坛Forum在线订购On-line order招商Enterprise-establishing招标Bid inviting综述General业绩Achievements招聘Join Us求贤纳士Join Us大事Great Event动态Trends服务Service投资Investment行业Industry规划Programming环境Environment发送Delivery提交Submit重写Reset登录Enter注册Login某公司技术支持Powered by 社区Community业务介绍Business introduction在线调查Online inquiry Inquiry下载中心Download会员登陆Member Entrance意见反馈Feedback常见问题FAQ中心概况General Profile教育培训Education & Training游乐园amusement park在线交流Online communication门户网站portals website 网站导航site map 公司简介profile / company profile / company 公司设备equipment 公司荣誉glories 企业文化culture 产品展示product 资质认证quality certification 企业规模scale 营销网络sales network 组织机构org...门户网站portals website网站导航site map公司简介profile / company profile / company公司设备equipment公司荣誉glories企业文化culture产品展示product资质认证quality certification企业规模scale营销网络sales network组织机构organization合作加盟join in cooperation技术力量technology经理致辞manager`s oration发展历程development history工程案例engineering projects业务范围business scope分支机构branches供求信息supply & demand经营理念operation principle产品销售sales联系我们contact us信息发布information返回首页homepage产品定购order分类浏览browse by category电子商务e-business公司实力strength版权所有copy right友情连结hot link使用领域application fields人力资源human resource / hr领导致辞leader`s oration企业资质enterprise qualification行业新闻trade news行业动态trends客户留言customer message 客户服务customer service 新闻动态news & trends公司名称company name销售热线sales hot-line联系人contact person您的要求your requirements 建设中in construction证书certificate地址address / add邮编postal code zipcode电话tel传真fax产品名称product name产品说明description价格price品牌brand规格specification尺寸size生产厂家manufacuturer型号model产品标号item no.技术指标technique data产品描述description产地production place销售信息sales information 用途application论坛forum在线订购on-line order招商enterprise-establishing 招标bid inviting综述general业绩achievements招聘join us求贤纳士join us大事great event动态trends服务service投资investment行业industry规划programming环境environment发送delivery提交submit重写reset登录enter注册login某公司技术支持powered by 社区community业务介绍business introduction在线调查online inquiry / inquiry下载中心download会员登陆member entrance意见反馈feedback常见问题FAQ / Frequently Asked Questions 中心概况general profile教育培训education & training游乐园amusement park在线交流online communication。

网站设计外文翻译

数据挖掘: 小型企业的网站设计摘要- 网站是公司用来发布企业营销策略和信息的工具 ,是为了扩大销售范围以及提供相关技术支持等服务而建立的。

为了方便全球的用户和企业之间更加方便的沟通和查询。

这个论文将描述智能系统在为小型企业满足客户需求方面而做出的贡献，和智能系统应用于web数据挖掘的好处。

关键词：提取、知识挖掘、数据挖掘。

1.前言介绍Web挖掘是在万维网中进行数据的查找和挖掘；这些数据是在web页面显示出来的或与查询信息相关的一些网络数据；当前用户在使用数据挖掘时所面临的问题是：1- 检测相关信息.2- 发现现有的但是“隐含”的信息。

当用户登录到网站, 他们想要从网站查询一些信息.为了解决这个问题，我们需要使用不同地区的多种方法,。

例如：专家集成技能的系统、人工智能、数据库和信息检索的方法——如结构话语言查询. 简而言之，数据挖掘就是从web文档和信息中自动发现和分析出有价值的信息的一种挖掘技术。

数据挖掘技术通过网络实现了新方法和新系统的结合，并在软硬件环境支持下过程中快速发展。

2. 数据挖掘技术在信息管理使用中的优点为了更好的理解数据挖掘技术的优点，作者表示，一个战略型的网站是能够体现自身长处并且能够描述影响客户购买行为的。

2.1 客户行为顾客的行为是影响任何一个企业成功的关键因素。

客户行为表现在客户浏览公司的网站的频率，通过数据能使该公司计算新老客户的数量以及获得的利益, 通过分析老客户在网站上的访问量，将客户购买的数量与客户访问量进行比较。

例如X是一家销售电脑硬件的小型公司，并且比其他硬件公司提供了更加具有竞争力的价格，如果购买数量超过了预期的数量也就意味着该硬件公司制作的公司网站的是成功的。

web数据挖掘的操作十分简单.但是，如果这个技术使用上有战略上的问题，也就不能够与顾客进行有效的沟通。

此外，公司也可以通过该网站得到顾客的反馈信息（间接地方式）去了解客户的购买需求和购买习惯，通过顾客的浏览数据来控制和整理顾客需求的类型。

网络规划外文文献及翻译

毕业设计外文文献翻译专业交通运输姓名张有节同组成员赖思琪杨鹏指导老师刘习华Campus Network planning and Construction At present, China's rapid development of the cause of the campus network, to early 2003, almost all colleges have set up their own campus network, and carry out a variety of its services and applications. Campus Network build a rich learning resources to enhance the efficiency of education. But as the number of users increased dramatically increased and the pattern of operations, campus network security is increasingly conspicuous, and the ever threat to the healthy development of the campus network, as an education development of the information industry should not be neglected problem. This paper focuses on the campus network design and the process of building the campus network established the goal of building, campus network technology programme design, information resources construction, application software development, network management and security, the five key issues. The campus network is the infrastructure of importance of school, taking the school teaching, research, managing and outward communicate many roles of etc..The safe condition of the campus net affects the teaching activity of the school directly.Set up in the network of initial stage, the safe problem may still be not outstanding, but along with applied thorough, various data of the campus net would nasty play increment, the safe problem beginning of various each kind perplexes us.The Internet flies to develop soon, to the campus network the teachers and the students' life and studies have already produced the profound influence, the network have already not have no place in our life at. But at enjoy the convenience that high technology bring at the same time, we need to be awake of know, the safe problem of network also become the network application more and more increasingly and seriously huge bar, the situation that the campus network safety hazes already arrived and must unify the management and resolve thoroughly, only good resolve the safe problem of network, the application of the campus network then can be healthy, high speed of development. We should consider the comprehensive usage fire wall and encrypt several measures, such as technique and the anti-virus software...etc. completely, work in coordination, strengthening the management, looking for thebalance point of insure the network safety and the network efficiency from it, the safety of the comprehensive exaltation campus network, thus build up rise a set of real in keeping with safe system of the calculator network of the school.The time today's knowledge-based economy and information technology have the development and popularization of Internet in the world have decided the time the network will become the main tool for information. With the development of computer network technology, network has become an important platform for the exchange of information. Internet-based e-learning with time-sensitive, shared, interactive and many of the characteristics of the individual, so it has a traditional teaching model of unmatched advantages. It created a new teaching model, breaking the traditional teaching model at the time and space limitations, the use of advanced teaching methods and teaching methods, greatly improve the teaching efficiency and teaching effectiveness, teaching and learning activities to enable a new level. Do a good job in the design of the campus network, are among the schools, both internal and external communication between the key and convenient.21st century the size of the campus network and application level are reflected in schools and science teaching and learning environment an important component of the force, so we should make use of existing campus conditions, design a secure, unified campus network.Large Campus Network DesignBusinesses operating large campus networks are increasingly looking for infrastructure upgrades to:(1) Handle high bandwidth applications such as voice, video, and IP multicast Improve backbone capacity for shared Ethernet or FDDI campus backbones(2) Support applications based on Novell IPX, DECNET, AppleTalk, and SNA(3) Offer high availability, performance, & manageability for your company's intranet.Use Layer 2, Layer 3, or ATM backbone solutions to expand your large campus network. In typical designs, the buildings or different parts of the campus connect together across a high performance, switched backbone. Network redundancy andhigh availability is provided at each layer. A high capacity, centralized server farm provides resources to the campus, and when combined with Cisco IOS, network management strategies support QoS, security, troubleshooting, and other common management features from end to end.Medium Campus Network Design A medium campus consists of one large building or several buildings. Networking for a medium campus is designed for high availability, performance, and manageability. This is also called a 'collapsed backbone' design for medium campus networks. Additional requirements of these designs typically include:(1) High performance and availability for bandwidth applications such as voice, video, and IP multicast(2) Shared Ethernet or FDDI building backbone which is running out of capacity(3)Support for applications based on Novell IPX, DECNET, AppleTalk, and SNA Based on the Cisco A VVID architecture, these intelligent network platforms and products provide the basis for a complete network solution.Small campus networks DesignIn most cases, network redundancy is not the top priority, but cost effectiveness is. Additional requirements of these designs typically include:(1) High performance and availability for bandwidth applications such as voice, video, and IP multicast(2) Shared Ethernet or FDDI building backbone which is running out of capacity(3) Support for applications based on Novell IPX, DECNET, AppleTalk, and SNA校园网的规划与构建目前，我国校园网事业飞速发展，至2003年初，几乎所有的大中专院校都建立了自己的校园网，并在其上开展了多种服务和应用。

企业门户网站中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)Corporate portal: a tool for knowledge managementsynchronizationAbstractAs the basis of value creation and success of organizations increasingly depends on the leverage of knowledge available internally, knowledge management systems(KMS)are emerging as vital tools for competitive advantage. Among these KMS, corporate portals present the potential of providing organizations with a rich and complex shared information workspace for the generation, exchange, and use of knowledge. But developing corporate portals and building the critical mass of users required to make them successful is not an easy task. In this paper, drawing upon theliterature review and an analysis of early adopters of corporate portals, we address the strength of this tool which consists mainly in synchronizing and supporting knowledge processes, put the emphasis on factors inhibiting its adoption by companies and finally propose some perspectives for a successful implementation.1.IntroductionThe widespread adoption of networks and information technology has vas tly increased our ability to store, transfer and generate knowledge, enabling a nd accelerating the emergence of an economic, organizational and technologic al landscape, that is knowledge-based(Schwartz, Eamonn,&Boyer,1999;Romano, Elia,&Passiante,2001).This perspective builds upon and extends the resource-ba sed view(RBV)of the firm initially promoted by Penrose(1959)and expanded b y others(Barney,1986;Chandler,1992;Prahalad&Hamel,1990;Teece,Pisano,&Shuen, 1997).The premise of the RBV is that organizations employ a mix of acquisit ion and configuration of resources to change how their business is accomplish ed. Knowledge is often the basis for the effective utilization of many importa nt resources. In this context, Information and Communication technologies ma y play an important role in effectuating the knowledge-based view of the fir m by enhancing the firm’s capability to manage the knowledge it possesses. This awareness is one of the main reasons for the exponential growth of kno wledge management systems(KMS).KMS are technologies that support knowle dge management in organizations, specifically, knowledge generation, codificati on, and transfer(Ruggles,1997).In fact, a 2000 survey conducted by KPMG sh ows that the use of KMS is common in organizations worldwide and has nu merous benefits(KPMG,2000).However, despite the potential benefits from KM S, the report also finds that companies were experiencing difficulties in effect ively using these technologies. To address this issue, this paper focuses on a particular type of KMS, which is corporate portal, that presents the potential of providing organizations with a rich and complex shared information works pace for the generation, exchange, and use of knowledge. Building upon a lar ge literature review, insights from eight case studies of early adopters and ourown experience in dealing with some aspects of the implementation phase of STMicroelectronics portal, we address the strengths of this tool which consist mainly in supporting knowledge development phases and focus on challenges and problems that organizations may face during its implementation.The paper is organized as follows: Section 1 presents a review on knowledge, knowledge management processes and systems. The following section focuses on a particular tool of KMS, that is the corporate portal; we present a comprehensive view of definitions and characteristics of this tool based on a comparative analysis of eight case studies in order to identify the potential role of corporate portal features in the various stages of the knowledge management processes. We then focus on the major barriers limiting its adoption and use by organizations. In the final section, building on the factors identified, we provide some perspectives for a successful implementation.2.Knowledge management processes and systemsBefore focusing on portals as KMS, its necessary to define knowledge and knowledge management processes.2.1.Knowledge definitionsMultiple definitions of knowledge have been proposed in the literature, and debates about this concept have been expressed from a variety of perspectives and positions. In fact, ever since the ancient Greek period ,the quest of philosophy has been to find what knowledge is. Early thinkers such as Plato and Aristotle were followed by Hobbes and Locke to name just a few of the more prominent western philosophers. It seems we have no choice but to return to the question that has kept philosophers occupied for thousands of years. However, we should not approach it from a philosophical perspective. As observed by Alavi and Leidner(2001),the knowledge-based theory of the firm was never built on a universal truth of what knowledge really is but on a pragmatic interest in being able to manage organisational knowledge. In recent years, we have witnessed a booming interest in knowledge also from other disciplines. Mainly two perspectives are dominant, an Information Technology view and a Strategic management view. While the IT viewmakes the distinction between data, information and knowledge, and considers the ambiguity existing between these three concepts, the strategic management perspective views knowledge as a state of mind, a capability or a process. In fact, data is mainly considered as raw numbers that once processed becomes information, and when put in specific context this information becomes knowledge(Vance,1997).Whereas, the perspective of knowledge as a state of mind posits that individuals expand their personal knowledge through the inputs received from their environment. Further, the view of knowledge as a capability to act suggests that it is not the specific actions of knowledge ‘‘per se’’, but the ability to interpret and use information and experience that influences decisions(Watson,1999). Finally knowledge as a process, focuses on applying expertise, i.e. simultaneously knowing and acting(Zack,1999).In this article, we emphasize the view of knowledge as a ‘‘capability to act effectively ’’.Knowledge is seen as a justified personal belief that increases an individual’s capacity to take effective action. Knowledge management in this view is best understood by considering knowledge management as the systemic and organizationally specified process of acquiring, organizing and communicating knowledge of employees so that other employees may make use of it to be more effective and productive in their work(Alavi&Leidner,1999).2.2.Knowledge processesWe can describe knowledge management life cycle as an iterative sequence of activities (Nissen, 2000).Building upon this notion, we outlined from knowledge management frameworks, key elements of several life cycle models.Several key points emerge from our review of the analyzed knowledge management frameworks:(1)There is no single or commonly accepted definition of what constitutes a knowledge management framework.(2)There are many concepts that are similar in the frameworks analyzed, but their ordering or structure varies.For example, while the majority of the frameworks refer to the first phase as knowledge creation, Davenport and Prusak use the term generate knowledge,whereas Van der Spek and Spijkervet title this analogous phase knowledge development. In general, the different frameworks proposed share considerable similarities. Most of the life cycles are articulated in four phases where the first one is a ‘‘create’’ phase. The second phase corresponds to the organization of knowledge. Phase three uses different term across the models, but they all address some mechanism for making knowledge formal. Finally, the fourth phase concerns the ability to share and use knowledge in the enterprise. Therefore, in this article, the knowledge development cycle is defined as the process of knowledge generation, knowledge storage, knowledge distribution and knowledge application. A detailed definition of these processes will be presented when linking them with the different tools of the corporate portal that support them.3.Portals support for knowledge management processes3.1.Portal definitionsPortals enable e-business by providing a unified application access, information management and knowledge management both within enterprises, and between enterprises and their trading partners, channel partner and customers(Gartner Group,1998).From this definition, we can distinguish two types of corporate portals: extranet portals which provide depth content rather than breadth of content, offer special advantages for business-to-business, e-commerce because they can provide something closer to a solution; and enterprise intranet portals that support knowledge management and internal communications and they are emerging as home bases for employees. In this article, we will focus on the second type of portals. A portal can be viewed as away to access disseminated information within a company since information chunks can be stored in various systems using different formats. One of the major differences between a traditional web site and a portal resides in the fact that the portal is usually tailored according to the user s’ need. A portal is consequently, a single point of access to Internet resources, an integration platform focusing on unification oriented towards the business processes of the company. Therefore, portals synchronize knowledge and applications, creating a single view into the organization’s intellectual capital. Portals have seen anevolutionary approach, the first ones were search engines, that evolved by integrating a variety of services such as virtual communities, real time chat, i.e. the best example in this category is Yahoo; Today the term is used widely to describe many different types of products with different purposes. The terms Employees Portals, Enterprise Intranet Portals, Corporate Portals, Business-to- Employees Portals and Business-to-Employees Systems are sometimes used interchangeably as synonyms to refer to the category of portals, which aim at providing employees with in-time relevant information they need to perform their duties and make efficient business decisions.4.Perspectives for a successful implementationBased upon the earlier analysis, we can offer some perspectives in order to define, implement and execute effective corporate portals.mitment and support of the CEOMany authors suggest that leadership commitment is a key challenge for the success of any knowledge management initiative(Nonaka&Takeuchi,1995).If management spends a significant amount of resources on either purchasing or developing and implementing such technology, employees could interpret this as a sign of management’s support for this ideal, and act accordingly. However, as Martinsons(1991)acknowledges, if employees perceive that management is not very committed to implementing this new technology, then the initiative to promote a strong knowledge sharing culture is not likely to be successful.4.2.Motivation and commitment for adoption of these technologiesUnderstanding what motivates people to apply their expertise is key to avoiding the trap of building technology marvels that no one uses. Frequently, a critical mass of employees end up not using the applications because they are not convinced the applications will benefit them. Managers should not assume that they know what employees want. They must research the needs and latent dissatisfactions of their employees, much as they do those of their customers and then create a compelling offering that encourages employees to use the new online tools.4.3.Linking knowledge and business processesIt has become largely agreed that knowledge management activities should be integrated within day-to-day business processes to ensure continual process improvement and facilitate learning and the gradual development of ‘‘organizational memory’’. The portal should present an ideal environment to integrate the business process aspects with knowledge processes and actively supports the worker in using and adding to knowledge resources by establishing standards for information collection, processing, and presentation.rmation sharing cultureIt is the culture of the organization that supports or impedes knowledge creation and transference both internally and to its customers. Therefore, rather than just encouraging or mandating knowledge sharing, fostering the motivation to share knowledge must precede it.4.5.Learning from failuresCompanies must review their successes and failures, assess them systematically, and record the lessons in form that employees find accessible. Many companies like Microsoft, are following this process of identifying and transferring Internal Best practices. This process is referred as the “Santayana Review’’, citing the philosopher George Santayana, who coined the phrase, ‘‘those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it’’(Garvin,1994).4.6.Immaterial incentivesIn line with Malhotra(2002),we consider that, design of incentives must consider that institutional controls as well as some monetary rewards and incentives are inadequate and do not necessarily ensure desired knowledge sharing behaviors. Instead they can be replaced by immaterial incentives and recognition. Companies should champion the new ethics and values that are at the heart of a knowledge-based enterprise. At the core of this new understanding lies a very simple ethic that Verna Allee calls the principle of fair e xchange: ‘‘Do people feel that they are being treated fairly for the intelligence, creativity innovation, experience and passion they bring to their work’’.5.ConclusionThis article, based on an analysis of eight case studies of early adopters of corporate portal, focused mainly on the benefits and challenges presented by this tool. Corporate portals seem to present the potential of providing organizations with a rich and complex shared information workspace for the generation, exchange, and use of knowledge. They synchronize knowledge and applications, creating a single view into the organization’s intellectual capital. But developing corporate portals and building the critical mass of users required to make them successful is not an easy task. Given the risk that corporate portals fail to deliver the expected benefits, an important task for knowledge management research is to contribute knowledge that will support researchers and practitioners in their efforts to successfully develop and implement corporate portals. This article contributes to this stream of research by studying potential barriers in portal’s implementation and suggesting some perspectives for a successful implementation.译文:企业门户网站：知识管理的同步工具摘要由于价值创造基础和组织成功越来越依赖内部可用的知识杠杆作用，知识管理系统（KMS）从而称为竞争优势的重要工具。

网络安全建设英语翻译

网络安全建设英语翻译Network Security ConstructionWith the rapid development of the Internet, network security has become an increasingly important issue. Network security refers to the measures taken to protect networks and their data from unauthorized access, cyberattacks, and other potential threats. In recent years, many organizations and governments have realized the significance of network security construction and have taken measures to enhance it.The first step in network security construction is to establish a comprehensive network security policy. This policy should clearly outline the rules and regulations for network use and specify the responsibilities and obligations of network users. It should also define the procedures for reporting and responding to security incidents. By having a well-defined policy in place, organizations can help prevent security breaches and ensure the smooth and secure operation of their networks.Another important aspect of network security construction is the implementation of advanced security technologies. This includes firewalls, intrusion detection and prevention systems, antivirus software, encryption techniques, and secure remote access mechanisms. These technologies can help identify and block unauthorized access attempts, detect and respond to potential threats, and protect sensitive data from being compromised. Regular updates and patches should be applied to these security technologies to ensure their effectiveness against new and evolving threats.In addition to technological measures, network security construction also requires the participation and awareness of network users. Employees should receive proper training and education on network security principles, best practices, and potential risks. They should be taught how to create strong passwords, avoid phishing attacks, and identify potential security threats. By promoting a culture of security awareness, organizations can greatly reduce the chances of security breaches caused by human errors or negligence.Furthermore, regular network security audits and assessments should be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the security measures in place and identify any vulnerabilities or weaknesses. These audits can be performed by internal or external security experts who will assess the network infrastructure, review security policies and procedures, and conduct penetration testing to identify any potential vulnerabilities that may be exploited by hackers. Based on the findings of these assessments, necessary updates and improvements can be made to further strengthen the network security.In conclusion, network security construction is an essential component of any organization's IT infrastructure. By establishing comprehensive security policies, implementing advanced security technologies, promoting security awareness among users, and conducting regular security assessments, organizations can enhance their network security and reduce the risk of cyberattacks and unauthorized access. Safeguarding network security not only protects sensitive data and maintains the integrity of networks butalso ensures the smooth operation of various systems and applications that rely on the network.。

网站建设常用词汇英文

双语网站建设常用的词语和短语的翻译英文English以下为导航条上部分按钮的翻译网站导航/网站地图Sitemap关于我们About Us公司简介Profile / Company Profile公司设备Equipment公司荣誉Honors / Glories企业文化Culture产品展示Products企业资质Credentials员工福利Employee benefits营销网络Sales Network组织机构Organizational Chart合作加盟Join Us / Cooperation技术力量Technology领导/总经理/董事长致辞1) Leader`s /GM’s/Chairman’s Speech2) Message from XX发展历程History工程案例Cases / Projects业务范围Business Scope分支机构Branches供求信息S&D / Trade Thread 经营理念Business Philosophy产品销售Sales联系我们Contact Us信息发布News返回首页Home产品定购Order留言信息Message information客户留言Message Board客户服务-(Customer) Service售后服务-After-sale Service质量保证-Warranty(质量控制-QC)服务承诺-Service Promise社区Community招聘/求贤纳士Jobs / Join Us企业论坛Forum / BBS下载中心Download Center后台管理Webmaster企业邮局Mailbox客户中心Customer Center客户反馈Customer Feedback以下为普通页面按钮的翻译分类浏览Sorted Browse电子商务E-Business公司实力Strength版权所有Copyright友情连结Hot links应用领域Applications人力资源HR行业新闻Trade news行业动态Trends招商引资Investment招标Bidding业绩Achievements大事记Events动态信息Trends你是如何知道我们的? How did you hear about us? 术语Terms and Conditions使用条款Terms of Use隐私条款Privacy Statement / Privacy (Policy) 三维全景图3D Panorama疑难解答FAQ分类浏览Category专利产品Patented Products样板工程Sample Projects我们的承诺Pledge; Our Commitment当前位置Current Position问卷调查Questionnaires品质政策Quality Policy综合实力General Strength文化生活Cultural Life办公环境Work Environment设备展示Equipments厂房厂貌Photos厂房设备Workshops & Equipments插件Plug-in网站首页上的常用短语-Home(page)进入-Enter跳过动画-Skip你是第几位访问者-You are the visitor of No. __.本页面使用FLASH技术，如未看到动画请先下载FLASH插件，或直接进入。

网站建设中常用英文-网站导航栏目英文翻译

网站建设中常用英文，网站导航栏目英文翻译。

公司简介PROFILE 或者COMPANY Profile 或者Company 或者about us 公司设备Equipment公司荣誉Glories企业文化Culture产品展示Product资质认证quality certification企业规模Scale营销网络Sales Network组织机构organization合作加盟Join in Cooperation技术力量Technology经理致辞Manager`s oration开展历程Development history工程案例Engineering Projects业务范围Business Scope分支机构Branches供求信息Supply & Demand经营理念Operation Principle产品销售Sales联系我们Contact Us信息发布Information返回首页Homepage Home产品定购order分类浏览Browse by category电子商务E-Business公司实力Strength版权所有Copy right友情连结Hot link应用领域Application Fields人力资源Human Resource HR领导致辞Leader`s oration企业资质Enterprise qualification行业新闻Trade news行业动态Trends客户留言Customer Message客户效劳Customer Service新闻动态News & Trends公司名称Company Name销售热线Sales Hot-line联系人Contact Person您的要求Your requirements建设中In construction证书Certificate地址Address ADDPOSTAL CODE ZipcodeTEL TelFAX Fax产品名称Product Name产品说明DESCRIPTION Description价格Price品牌Brand规格Specification尺寸Size生产厂家MANUFACUTURER Manufacturer 型号Model产品标号Item No.技术指标Technique Data产品描述Description产地Production Place销售信息Sales Information用途Application论坛Forum在线订购On-line order招商Enterprise-establishing招标Bid inviting综述General业绩Achievements招聘Join Us求贤纳士Join Us大事Great Event动态Trends效劳Service投资Investment行业Industry规划Programming环境Environment发送Delivery提交Submit重写Reset登录Enter注册Login某公司技术支持Powered by sdw社区Community业务介绍Business introduction在线调查Online inquiry Inquiry下载中心Download会员登陆Member Entrance意见反应Feedback常见问题FAQ中心概况General Profile教育培训Education & Training游乐园amusement park在线交流Online communication门户网站portals website 网站导航site map 公司简介profile / company profile / company 公司设备equipment 公司荣誉glories 企业文化culture 产品展示product 资质认证quality certification 企业规模scale 营销网络sales network 组织机构org...门户网站portals website网站导航site map公司简介profile / company profile / company公司设备equipment公司荣誉glories企业文化culture产品展示product资质认证quality certification企业规模scale营销网络sales network组织机构organization合作加盟join in cooperation技术力量technology经理致辞manager`s oration开展历程development history工程案例engineering projects业务范围business scope分支机构branches供求信息supply & demand经营理念operation principle产品销售sales联系我们contact us信息发布information返回首页homepage产品定购order分类浏览browse by category电子商务e-business公司实力strength版权所有copy right友情连结hot link应用领域application fields人力资源human resource / hr领导致辞leader`s oration企业资质enterprise qualification 行业新闻trade news行业动态trends客户留言customer message客户效劳customer service新闻动态news & trends公司名称company name销售热线sales hot-line联系人contact person您的要求your requirements 建设中in construction证书certificate地址address / addpostal code zipcodetelfax产品名称product name产品说明description价格price品牌brand规格specification尺寸size生产厂家manufacuturer型号model产品标号item no.技术指标technique data产品描述description产地production place销售信息sales information 用途application论坛forum在线订购on-line order招商enterprise-establishing 招标bid inviting综述general业绩achievements招聘join us求贤纳士join us大事great event动态trends效劳service投资investment行业industry规划programming环境environment发送delivery提交submit重写reset登录enter注册login某公司技术支持powered by sdw社区community业务介绍business introduction在线调查online inquiry / inquiry下载中心download会员登陆member entrance意见反应feedback常见问题FAQ / Frequently Asked Questions 中心概况general profile教育培训education & training游乐园amusement park在线交流online communication。

网站建设常用词汇-西班牙文

双语网站建设常用的词语和短语的翻译西班牙文以下为导航条上部分按钮的翻译网站导航/网站地图Mapa del sitio web关于我们Sobre nosotros公司简介Introducción de la compañía公司设备Equipos de la compañía公司荣誉Honores企业文化Cultura产品展示Productos企业资质Credibilidad营销网络Red de la venta组织机构Oraganización合作加盟Cooperación技术力量Fuerza tecnológica领导/总经理/董事长致辞Discurso del director/gerente/CEO发展历程Historia工程案例Casos业务范围Alcance de negocio分支机构Sucursales供求信息Inforamción sobre oferta y demanda经营理念Filosofía administrativa产品销售Venta联系我们Contacto信息发布Anuncios返回首页Portada产品定购Pedido de productos客户留言Mensajes de clientes客户服务Servicios售后服务Servicios de post-venta质量保证Garantía cualitativa服务承诺Promesa de servicio社区Comunidad招聘/求贤纳士Puestos / Uniendo con nosotros企业论坛Foro下载中心Centro de descargado后台管理Administrador de sitio web企业邮局Dirección electrónica客户中心Centro de cliente客户反馈Realimentación de cliente以下为普通页面按钮的翻译分类浏览Navegador clasificado电子商务Negocio electrónica公司实力Fuerza版权所有Derechos del autor友情连结Eslabones calientes应用领域Aplicación人力资源Recursos humanos行业新闻Noticias行业动态Tendencia招商引资Inversión招标Puja业绩Logros大事记Eventos动态信息Tendencia你是如何知道我们的? Cómo se entera de nosotros?术语Términos使用条款Condiciones para el uso隐私条款Declaración de privacidad三维全景图Panorama de 3D疑难解答Preguntas frecuentes分类浏览Categoría专利产品Productos patentados样板工程Proyectos de la muestra我们的承诺Promesa当前位置Posición actual问卷调查Cuestionarios品质政策Políticas de la calidad综合实力Fuerza general文化生活Vida cultural办公环境Medioambiente para el trabajo设备展示Muestra de aparatos厂房厂貌Fotos厂房设备Talleres y Equipos插件Enchufe de unión网站首页上的常用短语-Home(page)进入-Entrar跳过动画-Saltar你是第几位访问者-Es usted el No. __ visitante.本页面使用FLASH技术，如未看到动画请先下载FLASH插件，或直接进入。

信息工程网站设计与制作中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文外文翻译(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)Web design and productionSummaryPapers will expand the personal web design and production methods, tools and other research and discussion. Based on the introduction of web design and production of language, the emphasis on using the JavaScript language as a tool for the actual operation of web design and production of, respectively, based on the object of the JavaScript language, the use of internal object system and WEB pages of information exchange - windows and frameworks Detailed description of the use of specific examples and verified.1. IntroductionWith the advent of the 21st century, people are more and more important to feel the life and work of the computer's role in the increasingly professional needs to have a computer application skills deeply. Is required to master the computer profession, but also career development needs. Web design and production is a concrete manifestation of the ability of a computer, this chapter introduces the relevant knowledge of web design.1.1 Web Design OverviewWebsite is a way businesses and users to provide information (including products and services) to the user, is the enterprise e-commerce infrastructure and information platform, leave the site (or just use a third-party site) is not possible to talk about e-commerce . Corporate web site called "network brand", also part of intangible assets, and the site is an important window of publicity and reflect the corporate image and culture on the INTERNET.Web Design Elements 1.2Two elements of web design are: overall style and color matching. First, determine the overall style of the siteApplication chapter HTML web design technology2.1 HTML language descriptionHTML (HyperText Mark-up Language) ie, HTML, or Hypertext Markup Language, is currently the most widely used language network, but also constitute the primary language of the document pages.HTML text is composed by HTML commands descriptive text, HTML commands can explain text, graphics, animation, sound, tables, links, and so on. HTML structure includes a head (Head), the specific content of the body (Body) into two parts, of which the head of the description of the browser you want, and the body contains the desired note.Features 2.1.1 HTML languageHTML document production is not very complex and powerful, supporting different data file formats insert, which is one of the reasons for the prevalence of WWW, HTML language characteristics are as follows:1, simplicity, HTML version upgrade using a superset of the way, which is more flexible and convenient.2, scalability, widely used in HTML language brings to strengthen capabilities and increase identifiers and other requirements, HTML elements take the form of a subclass, bring assurance system expansion.3, platform independence. While the PC is popular, but the use of MAC and other machines out there, HTML can be used on a wide range of platforms, and this is another reason for theprevalence of WWW.2.1.2 HTML language editing softwareHTML is the essence of the text, you need to explain your browser, HTML editor can be roughly divided into three types: 1, the basic editing software, using WINDOWS notepad or write version can be written, of course, if you use WPS to write, you can. However, please use .htm or .html as the extension, so the browser can interpret save when executed.2, semi-WYSIWYG software, which can greatly improve development efficiency, it can make you make a Homepage in a very short period of time, and you can learn HTML, this type of software has HOTDOG, as well as domestic Software web workshop.3, WYSIWYG software, the most widely used editor, can understand a little HTML knowledge can make pages.Application chapter HTML web design technology2.2.3 JavaScript technology in web designOne, JavaScript OverviewJavaScript is an object-based (Object) and event-driven (Event Driven) and safety performance have scripting language. Its purpose is to use HTML and HTML, Java scripting language (Java applet) link together to achieve multiple objects in a Web page, the Web client interactions. Which can develop client applications. It is by embedding or transferred in standard HTML language implemented. It appears to make up for the shortcomings of HTML language, which is a compromise choice for Java and HTML, has the following basic characteristics:1, is a scripting languageJavaScript is a scripting language, which uses a small way to block implementation of programming. Like other scripting languages, JavaScript is an interpreted language is also, it provides an easy development process.Its basic structure with C, C ++, VB, Delphi is very similar. But it is not like these languages, you need to compile, but is interpreted line by line in the program is running. It is combined with HTML markup, so as to facilitate the user's operation.2, object-based language.JavaScript is an object-based language, but to be seen as an object-oriented. This means that itcan use objects that they have created. Therefore, many functions can be derived from the interaction of methods and scripts scripting environment object.3. SimplicitySimplicity is mainly reflected in JavaScript: First, it is a Java basic statements and control flow above the simple and compact design based on order for Java is a very good transition study. Secondly, it is the use of weakly typed variable type, did not use strict data types.4, securityJavaScript is a safe language, it does not allow access to the local hard disk, data can not be stored on the server, the network is not allowed to modify and delete documents, can only be achieved through a dynamic interactive information browsing or browser. Thus effectively prevent the loss of data.5, the dynamic nature ofJavaScript is dynamic, it can respond directly to the user or customer input, without going through the Web service program. It reflects the user's response, is the use of event-driven manner. The so-called event-driven, meaning the implementation of certain actions arising from the action on the home page (Home Page), and is called the "event" (Event). For example, pressing the mouse button, move the window, select the menu and so can be considered an event. When the event occurs, it may cause the appropriate incident response.6, cross-platformJavaScript is dependent on the browser itself, regardless of the operating environment, as long as the computer running the browser, and the browser supports JavaScript can be executed correctly. In order to achieve the "write once, everywhere" dream.In fact the most prominent place JavaScript program that can be used to do a lot of little things. No need to have a high-performance computers, software is only a word processing software and a browser without WEB server channels through their computer to complete everything.In short, JavaScript is a new description language, it can be among the clamp into the HTML file. JavaScript language can be done to respond to the needs of the user event (such as: form input) without any network transfer data back and forth, so that when a user enters a material, it does not pass through the servo end (server ) processing, and transmits it back to the process, and can be directly handled by the client (client) apps.Chapter III WEB page interaction information - Forms and FrameworkTo achieve a dynamic interactive web pages, you must master the form object (Form) and the frame object (Frames) more complex knowledge.3.1 Form BasicsForm object allows designers can form different elements interact with client users, and do not need to carry out before the first data entry, you can dynamically change the behavior of Web documents.3.1.1 Form objectForm (Form): It constitutes the basic element of a Web page. Usually a Web page has a form or several forms, using Forms [] array to achieve different forms of access.Methods 3.1.2 Form objectThe method of the form object is only one --submit () method, which main function is to achievea form of information submitted.3.1.3 Form object propertiesForm object properties include the following: elements name action target encoding method. In addition Elements addition, several other forms of state are reflected in the corresponding attribute identifier, which is usually a form of individual identification; and the array elements are often more than one form element values.3.1.4 Access form objectAccess form object in JavaScript by two methods: (1) the form by visitingFirst, you must specify the name of the form in the property of a form object, and after you can access the form by following identifies as: document.Mytable ().(2) to access the form by the arrayIn addition to using the form name to access the form, you can also use the form to access the form object array of objects. But note that, due to the form object is to provide a browser environment, and the array subscript browser environment provided is from 0 to n.3.1.5 references prerequisite formConditions in JavaScript want to form reference is: you must first create a form on the page to identify with, and forms part of the place before the reference definition.3.2 The basic elements of the formForm the basic elements of the buttons, radio buttons, check buttons, submit buttons, reset buttons, text boxes and other components.In JavaScript you want to access these basic elements must be achieved through a specific form elements corresponding array subscript or form element names. Each element is referenced by major property or method of the element.3.3 FrameworkFrame Frames main function is to "split" the window, so that each "small window" can show different HTM L files, interaction between different frameworks (interact), which means you can exchange messages and data between different frameworks. For example: Suppose you opened two frames, the first frame of the book catalog can be displayed, and the second frame displays specific content sections.Framework can be divided into different areas of the screen, each region has its own URL, through Frames [] array of objects to achieve access to different frameworks. Frame object itself is actually a class of window, it inherits all the characteristics of a window object, and has all the attributes and methods. Specific examples illustrate the use of the frameworkAccess Framework 3.4In front of us had to use document.forms [] to access the different elements to achieve a single form. In order to achieve access to the different elements of the framework of multi-form, you must use the window object Frames property. Frames property is also an array, he focused on the parent frame for each sub-frame is provided with one.网站设计与制作摘要论文将对个人网页设计与制作的方法、工具等展开研究和探讨。

网站设计英文参考文献(专业推荐112个)

网站是各大领域对自己得主要理念以及产品等进行宣传得一个主要场地,做好网站页面表现层得结构设计对于网络安全性得维护十分重要,因此也得到了各个领域得广泛重视。

下面是为大家带来得网站设计英文参考文献得介绍，以供学习借鉴。

网站设计英文参考文献一：---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------感谢使用本套资料，希望本套资料能带给您一些思维上的灵感和帮助，个人建议您可根据实际情况对内容做适当修改和调整，以符合您自己的风格，不太建议完全照抄照搬哦。

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[1]. Engineering; New Engineering Study Results from Department of Information Technology Described (Evaluating Performance of Web Application Security Through a Fuzzy Based Hybrid Multi-criteria Decision-making Approach: Design TacticsPerspective)[J]. Computer Technology Journal,2020.[2]Jasleen Kaur,Asif Irshad Khan,Yoosef B Abushark,Md Mottahir Alam,Suhel Ahmad Khan,Alka Agrawal,Rajeev Kumar,Raees Ahmad Khan. Security Risk Assessment of Healthcare Web Application Through Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System: A Design Perspective[J]. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy,2020,2020(default).[3]Ji?í Kofránek,Tomá? Kulhánek,Marek Mateják,Filip Je?ek,Jan ?ilar,Arno?t Mládek,Jitka Feberov á. Schola Ludus for the 21st century: simulators in the Internet browser[J]. The FASEBJournal,2020,34(S1).[4]Timo Jakobi,Gunnar Stevens,Anna-Magdalena Seufert,Max Becker,Max von Grafenstein. Web Tracking Under the New Data Protection Law: Design Potentials at the Intersection of Jurisprudence and HCI[J]. i-com,2020,19(1).[5]?,?. ? ? ? – ? ? ? ? -[J]. ,2020,20(3).[6]. Engineering - Concurrent Engineering; Data from Shanghai University Advance Knowledge in Concurrent Engineering (E-maintenance Platform Design for Public Infrastructure Maintenance Based On Ifc Ontology and Semantic Web Services)[J]. Journal of Engineering,2020.[7]. Mobile Communications; Study Results from University of Malaga Provide New Insights into Mobile Communications (Design of a Web Based Underwater Acoustic Communication Testbed and Simulation Platform)[J]. Telecommunications Weekly,2020.[8]Trappey J.C. Amy,Chang Ai Che,Trappey V. Charles,Chen W.L. Luna. Web Mining Customer Perceptions to Define Product Positions and Design Preferences[J]. International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems (IJSWIS,2020,16(2).[9]Min Hu,Yunru Liu. E‐maintenance platform design for public infrastructure maintenance based on IFC ontology and Semantic Web services[J]. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience,2020,32(6).[10]Soumaya Rebai,Marouane Kessentini,Hanzhang Wang,Bruce Maxim. Web service design defects detection: A bi-level multi-objective approach[J]. Information and Software Technology,2020,121.[11]Kiemute Oyibo,Julita Vassileva. The Effect of Layout and Colour Temperature on the Perception of Tourism Websites for Mobile Devices[J]. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction,2020,4(1).[12]Black Steven P,Alvarado Gabriela. Global Health Education and Mediatization of Care in Costa Rica.[J]. Medical anthropology,2020.[13]. Science - Library Science; New Findings Reported from University of Tehran Describe Advancesin Library Science (Credibility evaluation of scientific information on websites: Designing and evaluating an exploratory model)[J]. Information Technology Newsweekly,2020.[14]Yu-Jin Kim. Tracking Dynamics between Digital Design Agencies and Clients of Hybrid Outsourcing in the Double Diamond Website Development Process[J]. Archives of Design Research,2020,33(1).[15]Muhammad Yousuf Irfan Zia,Pablo Otero,Atif Siddiqui,Javier Poncela. Design of a Web Based Underwater Acoustic Communication Testbed and Simulation Platform[J]. Wireless Personal Communications,2020(prepublish).[16]. Organizational and End User Computing; Study Findings on Organizational and End User Computing Are Outlined in Reports from HEC Montreal (The Nature and Role of User Beliefs Regarding a Website's Design Quality)[J]. Network WeeklyNews,2020.[17]. Internet and World Wide Web - Internet of Things; Findings in Internet of Things Reported from Soongsil University (Small Profits and Quick Returns: An Incentive Mechanism Design for Crowdsourcing Under Continuous Platform Competition)[J]. Information Technology Newsweekly,2020.[18]. Engineering; Researchers from Aalborg University Describe Findings in Engineering (Enterprise Architecture Oriented Requirements Engineering for the Design of a School Friendly Open Data Web Interface[J]. Journal of Engineering,2020.[19]Alba-María Martínez-Sala,Juan Monserrat-Gauchi,Dolores Alemany-Martínez. User Usable Experience: A three-dimensional approach onusability in tourism websites and a model for its evaluation[J]. Tourism ManagementPerspectives,2020,33.[20]Anwar Badawy Badawy Abu-Sena,Fathy Abdelmoniem Abdelfattah,Mohamed SalahSoliman,Mohamed Saied Refaee Saleh. An experimentally verified new approach for web crippling design of cold-formed steel Z-Sections[J]. Journal of Constructional Steel Research,2020,164.[21]Jin Lu,Zheng Yan,Liu Zekun,Li Jiashen,Zhai Heng,Chen Zhongda,Li Yi. Design of an Ultrasensitive Flexible Bend Sensor Using a Silver-Doped Oriented Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Nanofiber Web for Respiratory Monitoring.[J]. ACS applied materials & interfaces,2020,12(1).[22]Zhenzhen Nong,Sally Gainsbury. Website design features: Exploring how social cues presentin the online environment may impact risk taking[J]. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies,2020,2(1).[23]Tobias Pulls,Rasmus Dahlberg. Website Fingerprinting with Website Oracles[J]. Proceedingson Privacy Enhancing Technologies,2020,2020(1).[24]Henri Barki,Camille Grange. The Nature and Role of User Beliefs Regarding a Website's Design Quality[J]. Journal of Organizational and End User Computing (JOEUC),2020,32(1).[25]Bhim Sain Singla,Himanshu Aggarwal. A Set of Usability Heuristics and Design Recommendations for Higher Education Institutions' Websites[J]. International Journal of Information System Modeling and Design (IJISMD),2020,11(1).[26]Kenta Seki,Takayuki Kikuchi,Makoto Iwasaki. Tension Controller Design Considering Periodic Disturbance Suppression in Roll-to-Roll Web Handling Systems[J]. IEEJ Journal of IndustryApplications,2020,9(1).[27]Fei-Fei Cheng,Chin-Shan Wu,Bianca Leiner. The influence of user interface design on consumer perceptions: A cross-cultural comparison[J].Computers in Human Behavior,2019,101.[28]Anju Visen-Singh. Delivering a consistent user experience through our faculty sites: For our audiences and our internal web users[J]. Journal of Education Advancement & Marketing,2019,4(3).[29]Caroline Anne Young,Alexander Ian Wright. Benefits of a website designed to promote histopathology and support pathologists[J]. Diagnostic Histopathology,2019,25(12).[30]Peter Mundy. INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AUTISM RESEARCH NEWS President's Message – December 2019 Updates on Seattle 2020, New Web Design and App, Board Elections, Journal News and a Report from the Strategic Planning Meeting[J]. Autism Research,2019,12(12).[31]Nathaniel T. Voeller. The Digital Sensorium: Considering the Senses in Website Design[J]. Computers and Composition,2019,54.[32]Ahmad Samed Al-Adwan,Maher Ahmad Al-Horani. Boosting Customer E-Loyalty: An Extended Scale of Online Service Quality[J]. Information,2019,10(12).[33]Daniel Leung,Astrid Dickinger. How friendly destination websites are for mobiles? A study of destination marketing organizations in the Asia Pacific region[J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research,2019,24(12).[34]Aigul Mavletova,Kirill Gavrilov,Tatiana Tholmogorova. Gamifying a web survey among adolescents: effects on understanding of risk, risk calculation, and ratio-bias[J]. Journal of Risk Research,2019,22(12).[35]Hoffman Aubri S,Bateman Daniel R,Ganoe Craig,Punjasthitkul Sukdith,Das Amar K,Hoffman Derek B,Housten Ashley J,Peirce Hillary A,DreyerLarissa,Tang Chen,Bennett Alina,Bartels Stephen J. Development and Field Testing of a Long-Term CareDecision Aid Website for Older Adults: Engaging Patients and Caregivers in User-Centered Design.[J]. The Gerontologist,2019.[36]Dianat Iman,Adeli Pari,Asgari Jafarabadi Mohammad,Karimi Mohammad Ali. User-centred web design, usability and user satisfaction: The case of online banking websites in Iran.[J]. Applied ergonomics,2019,81.[37]. Listening to the patients: using participatory design in the development of a cardiac telerehabilitation web portal[J]. mHealth,2019,5.网站设计英文参考文献二：[38]. Design and Implementation of Web Cr awler utilizing Unstructur ed data[J]. Journal of Korea Multimedia Society,2019,22(3).[39]. Usability of Health Information Websites Designed for Adolescents: Systematic Review,Neurodevelopmental Model, and Design Brief[J]. Journal of Medical Internet Research,2019,21(4).[40]Timothy Graham,Paul Henman. Affording choice: how website designs create and constrain‘choice’[J]. Information, Communication & Society,2019,22(13).[41]Iman Dianat,Pari Adeli,Mohammad Asgari Jafarabadi,Mohammad Ali Karimi. User-centred web design, usability and user satisfaction: The case of online banking websites in Iran[J]. Applied Ergonomics,2019,81.[42]Vanessa Gaffar,Oce Ridwanudin,Bambang Trinugraha,Ari Riswanto. The Influence of Website Navigational Design on Improving Tourism Performance: Empirical Studies on Sport Tourism Providers in Indonesia[J]. Research in World Economy,2019,10(3).[43]Iljoo Kim,Gautam Pant. Predicting web siteaudience demographics using content and designcues[J]. Information & Management,2019,56(5).[44]B. Janarthanan,L. Sundararajah,M. Mahendran,P. Keerthan,S. Gunalan. Web crippling behaviour and design of cold-formed steelsections[J]. Thin-Walled Structures,2019,140.[45]Alexandra Hamlett,Helen Georgas. In the Wake of Discovery: Student Perceptions, Integration, and Instructional Design[J]. Journal of Web Librarianship,2019,13(3).[46]James Miller. The Design Cycle and a Mixed Methods Approach for Improving Usability: A Case Study[J]. Journal of Web Librarianship,2019,13(3).[47]Shan Jinwen,Ji Changge. MolOpt: A web server for drug design using bioisosterictransformation.[J]. Current computer-aided drug design,2019.[48]A Tekerek,O F Bay. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED WEB APPLICATION FIREWALL MODEL[J]. Neural Network World,2019,29(4).[50]Jun Liu,Zhinan Zhang,Richard Evans,Youbai Xie. Web services-based knowledge sharing, reuse and integration in the design evaluation of mechanical systems[J]. Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing,2019,57.[51]Vo Mai K,Sharp Jonathan C. Design, Development, and Content Creation for an Open Education Physics Website for MRT Education.[J]. Journal of medical imaging and radiationsciences,2019,50(2).[52]. General Assembly Inc.; Researchers Submit Patent Application, "Computer-Based System For Scoring Web Site Implementations Against Design Specifications", for Approval (USPTO20190164449)[J]. Computers, Networks & Communications,2019.[53]Robin Pearce,Xiaoqiang Huang,Dani Setiawan,Yang Zhang. EvoDesign: Designing Protein–Protein Binding Interactions Using Evolutionary Interface Profiles in Conjunction with an Optimized Physical Energy Function[J]. Journal of Molecular Biology,2019,431(13).[54]T S Raghavendra,K G Mohan. Web Mining and Minimization Framework Design on Sentimental Analysis for Social Tweets Using MachineLearning[J]. Procedia Computer Science,2019,152.[55]Fasola P. Abifarin,Shaka ApodogheImavah,Ayodele S. Olobashola. Design effectiveness of academic library web sites[J]. The Electronic Library,2019,37(3).[56]. Web design[J]. South African Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Review,2019,46(6).[57]Abdallah Namoun,Ahmad B. Alkhodre. TowardsUsability Guidelines for the Design of Effective Arabic Websites[J]. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA),2019,10.[58]Gael Pérez-Rodríguez,Martín Pérez-Pérez,Florentino Fdez-Riverola,Anália Louren?o. Online visibility of software-related web sites: The case of biomedical text mining tools[J]. Information Processing and Management,2019,56(3).[59]Terry Redding. New Design for the NAPA Website[J]. Anthropology News,2019,60(3).[60]S Firdaus,A D Sari,M R Suryoputro,A U Khasanah. Usability Testing of Laboratory Website using a Participatory Design Approach[J]. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering,2019,528(1).[61]Fasola P Abifarin,Shaka ApodogheImavah,Ayodele S Olobashola. Design effectiveness ofacademic library web sites[J]. The Electronic Library,2019,37(3).[62]Pletscher-Frankild Sune,Jensen Lars Juhl. Design, implementation, and operation of a rapid, robust named entity recognition web service.[J]. Journal of cheminformatics,2019,11(1).[63]Olinda Santin,Theresa McShane,Peter Hudson,Gillian Prue. Using a six‐step co‐design model to develop and test a peer‐led web‐based resource (PLWR) to support informal carers of cancer patients[J]. Psycho‐Oncology,2019,28(3).[64]Alyssa M. Valenti. Usability testing for a community college library website[J]. Library Hi Tech News,2019,36(1).[65]Fatharani Arinalhaq,Ari Widyanti. The Role of National Culture on the Design and Usability of E-Commerce Websites: An Indonesian Case[J]. Journal of Physics: Conference Series,2019,1175(1).[66]Anonymous. Omegasonics Launches Newly Designed Website[J]. Products Finishing,2019,83(6).[67]Lazard,Byron,Vu,Peters,Schmidt,Brewer. Website Designs for Communicating About Chemicals in Cigarette Smoke[J]. Health Communication,2019,34(3).[68]. Internet and World Wide Web - Internet Technology; Researchers from University of Malaya Report Findings in Internet Technology (5g Technologies: a New Network Architectures and Design)[J]. Computers, Networks &Communications,2019.[69]Jeremiah Still,Mary Still. Influence of Visual Salience on Webpage Product Searches[J]. ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP),2019,16(1).[70]Frances Corry. Dot-Com Design: The Rise of a Usable, Social, Commercial Web by Megan Sapnar Ankerson (review)[J]. Technology andCulture,2019,60(1).[71]Tiago do Carmo Nogueira,Deller James Ferreira,Sérgio Teixeira de Carvalho,Luciana de Oliveira Berretta,Mycke R. Guntijo. Comparing sighted and blind users task performance in responsive and non-responsive web design[J]. Springer London,2019,58(2).[72]Patrice Calegari,Marc Levrier,Pawe? Balczyński. Web Portals for High-performance Computing[J]. ACM Transactions on the Web (TWEB),2019,13(1).网站设计英文参考文献三：[73]Jaros?aw Jankowski,Juho Hamari,Jaros?aw W?tr óbski. A gradual approach for maximising user conversion without compromising experience with high visual intensity website elements[J]. Internet Research,2019,29(1).[74]Emel Kuruo?lu Kandemir,Hilmi Ba?.Development and Implementation of a Tool for Website Usability Measurement[J]. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports,2019.[75]Taufiq Agung Cahyono,Tony Dwi Susanto. Acceptance Factors and User Design of Mobile e-Government Website (Study Case e-Government Website in Indonesia)[J]. Procedia ComputerScience,2019,161.[76]Pradita Maulidya Effendi,Tony Dwi Susanto. Test of Citizens’ Physical and Cognitive on Indonesian E-Government Website Design[J]. Procedia Computer Science,2019,161.[77]Alex Sundt,Teagan Eastman. Informing Website Navigation Design with Team-Based Card Sorting[J]. Journal of Web Librarianship,2019,13(1).[78]Lauren E. Robinson,Jessica Petrey. An Exploration of a Website Design Process and Results of a Usability Study[J]. Medical Reference ServicesQuarterly,2019,38(1).[79]Sakineh Saghaeiannejad-Isfahani,Rohollah Abumasoudi,Nazila Esmaeli,Taherh Saberi,Narges Mahmodi. Evaluation of the website of public hospitals in Isfahan with the WebMedQual approach in 2018[J]. Journal of Education and Health Promotion,2019,8(1).[80]Osama Sohaib,Kyeong Kang,Mohammad Nurunnabi. Gender-Based iTrust in E-Commerce: The Moderating Role of Cognitive Innovativeness[J].Sustainability,2018,11(1).[81]?,?. ? ? ?: ? ? ? ? ?[J]. ,2018,24(4).[82]Trinidad Domínguez Vila,Elisa Alén González,Simon Darcy. Website accessibility in the tourism industry: an analysis of official national tourism organization websites around the world[J]. Disability and Rehabilitation,2018,40(24).[83]Antonina Dattolo,Flaminia Luccio,Chiara De March,Eleonora De Riu. Designing Tourism Websites for Children: Guidelines and ExperimentalResults[J]. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Serious Games,2018,5(16).[84]Eduardo Parra-Lopez,José Alberto Martínez-González,Angel Chinea-Martin. Drivers of the formation of e-loyalty towards tourismdestinations[J]. European Journal of Management and Business Economics,2018,27(1).[85]. Designing a Medical Tourism Website: A Qualitative Study[J]. Iranian Journal of Public Health,2017,46(2).[86]Sai Liang,Zili Zhang,Ziqiong Zhang,Rob Law,Wenjun Sun. Consumer motivation in providing high-quality information: building toward a novel design for travel guide websites[J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research,2017,22(6).[87]Samadbeik Mahnaz,Asadi Heshmatollah,Mohseni Mohammad,Takbiri Afsaneh,Moosavi Ahmad,Garavand Ali. Designing a Medical Tourism Website: A Qualitative Study.[J]. Iranian journal of publichealth,2017,46(2).[88]Samadbeik Mahnaz,Asadi Heshmatollah,Mohseni Mohammad,Takbiri Afsaneh,Moosavi Ahmad,Garavand Ali. Designing a Medical Tourism Website: A Qualitative Study.[J]. Iranian journal of publichealth,2017,46(2).[89]Bonnie Farber Canziani,Dianne H.B. Welsh. Website quality for SME wineries: measurement insights[J]. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology,2016,7(3).[90]Jun-Jie Hew, Voon-Hsien Lee, Lai-Ying Leong, Teck-Soon Hew, Keng-Boon Ooi. The dawning of mobile tourism: what contributes to its system success?[J]. Int. J. of Mobile Communications,2016,14(2).[91]Paolo Mura,Saeed Pahlevan Sharif. Exploring rural tourism and sustainability in Southeast Asia through the lenses of official tourism websites[J]. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes,2015,7(5).[92]Charles Ruel Novabos,Aura Matias,Miguela Mena. How Good is this Destination Website: A User-centered Evaluation of Provincial TourismWebsites[J]. Procedia Manufacturing,2015,3.[93]Juho Pesonen,Raija Komppula,Annina Riihinen. Typology of senior travellers as users of tourism information technology[J]. Information Technology & Tourism,2015,15(3).[94]Tigre Moura Francisco,Gnoth Juergen,Deans Kenneth R.. Localizing Cultural Values on Tourism Destination Websites[J]. Journal of Travel Research,2015,54(4).[95]Francisco Tigre Moura,Juergen Gnoth,KennethR. Deans. Localizing Cultural Values on Tourism Destination Websites[J]. Journal of Travel Research,2015,54(4).[96]Francisco Tigre Moura,Juergen Gnoth,Kenneth R. Deans. Localizing Cultural Values on Tourism Destination Websites[J]. Journal of Travel Research,2015,54(4).[97]?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?. ? ? ? ? [J]. ? ?,2014.[98]Rong Yu. Design and Realization of the Personalized Data in Tourism Business Website[J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials,2014,3207.[99]Zacharoula Andreopoulou, Georgios Tsekouropoulos, Christiana Koliouska, Theodoros Koutroumanidis. Internet marketing for sustainable development and rural tourism[J]. Int. J. of Business Information Systems,2014,16(4).[100]Jin Sheng Lu,Jun Jun Shen,Zhong Liang Yang.Study of Point to Point Self-Service Travel Site Iterative Interaction Design Based on User Experience[J]. Applied Mechanics andMaterials,2013,2700.[101]Francisco Mu?oz-Leiva,Janet Hernández-Méndez,Juan Sánchez-Fernández. Generalising user behaviour in online travel sites through the Travel 2.0 website acceptance model[J]. Online Information Review,2012,36(6).[102]Xiaoning Zhu, Jiaqin Yang, Mike Whitfield. E-government application in promoting local tourism in China: an empirical study[J]. Int. J. of Electronic Finance,2012,6(1).[103]Ivan Wen. An Empirical Study of an Online Travel Purchase Intention Model[J]. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing,2012,29(1).[104]Marianna Sigala. Evaluating Website Design and Structure in Tourism: Dimensions, Stakeholdersand Marketing Issues[J]. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management,2011,20(7).[105]Antonios A. Giannopoulos,Eleni P. Mavragani. Traveling Through the Web: A First Step Toward a Comparative Analysis of European National Tourism Websites[J]. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management,2011,20(7).[106]Arpita Khare, Saumya Dixit, Ruchi Chaudhary. Determinants of Indian customers' preference for online travel services[J]. Int. J. of Leisure and Tourism Marketing,2011,2(1).[107]Charletta F. Gutierrez. Quality, accessibility and destination marketing: the case of US states' tourism websites[J]. Int. J. of Intercultural Information Management,2010,2(1).[108]Adrian Devine, Peter Bolan, Frances Devine. Online destination marketing: maximising the tourism potential of a sports event[J]. Int. J. of SportManagement and Marketing,2010,7(1/2).[109]Shanshan Qi,Rob Law,Dimitrios Buhalis. Usability of Chinese Destination Management Organization Websites[J]. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing,2008,25(2).[110]Rob Law,Billy Bai. How do the preferences of online buyers and browsers differ on the design and content of travel websites?[J]. International Journal of Contemporary HospitalityManagement,2008,20(4).[111]Craig Saper. as a model of virtual tourism[J]. Int. J. of Digital Culture and Electronic Tourism,2008,1(2/3).[112]Despo Ktoridou, E.N. Roussakis. Website development as a means of communication: a case study for the Kolossi Grand Hotel, Cyprus[J]. J. for Global Business Advancement,2008,1(4).以上就是关于网站设计英文参考文献得分享，希望看后对你有所启发。