Rapid Identification and Emergency Investigation of Surface Ruptures and Geohazards Induced by t
请简述处理急性心肌梗死患者的急救流程
英文回答：Acute myocardial infarction is a serious cardiovascular emergency to which we attach great importance and timely disposal. When an infarction of the patient is detected, a first call is made and the patient is given first aid. The first aid process involves identifying symptoms, keeping patients quiet, giving emergency drugs such as aspirin and waiting for first aid personnel to arrive. The identification of symptoms requires accurate observation of the symptoms of the patient andmunication with the patient, the maintenance of the patient ' s silence is based on an understanding of the mechanisms of myocardial infarction, and giving aspirin can play a critical role in saving the patient ' s life. Upon arrival of the first aid worker, the patient is sent to the hospital for further treatment to ensure prompt medical assistance and minimize the harm of myocardial infarction.急性心肌梗死是一种严重的心血管急症，对此，我们要高度重视并及时处置。
复苏室转入转出标准与流程
复苏室转入转出标准与流程The standards and processes for admitting and discharging patients to and from the intensive care unit (ICU) or recovery room are critical to ensuring the smooth and safe transition of patients during their care journey. 复苏室（ICU）或恢复室的转入和转出标准和流程对于确保患者在治疗过程中平稳安全地转移至关重要。
From the moment a patient is admitted to the ICU, it is essential to have clear and well-defined criteria for admission, as well as an efficient process for transferring the patient from the emergency department or operating room. 从患者被转入ICU的那一刻开始，就必须明确规定入院标准，并且需要一个高效的程序来将患者从急诊室或手术室转移进来。
On the other hand, when it comes to discharging a patient from the ICU or recovery room, it is crucial to have established criteria for discharge, as well as a structured process for transferring the patient to a less acute level of care. 另一方面，当需要将患者从ICU或恢复室转出时，必须建立明确的出院标准，并且需要一个有条不紊的程序将患者转移到更低的护理级别。
三甲医院危重孕产妇抢救制度及流程
三甲医院危重孕产妇抢救制度及流程(中英文实用版)英文：The emergency rescue system and process for critically ill pregnant women in Level III hospitals are of vital importance.These hospitals, equipped with advanced medical technology and experienced medical staff, are well-prepared to handle emergencies.The system is designed to ensure the safety of both the mother and the unborn child.中文：三甲医院的危重孕产妇抢救制度及流程至关重要。
这些医院拥有先进的医疗技术和经验丰富的医护人员，能够妥善处理紧急情况。
该制度旨在确保母亲和胎儿的安全。
英文：The process begins with early identification of high-risk patients.These patients are then closely monitored to prevent potential complications.In the event of an emergency, a rapid response team is immediately activated.The team is composed of professionals from various departments, including obstetrics, anesthesiology, and neonatology.中文：流程从早期识别高风险患者开始，然后对这些患者进行密切监测，以预防潜在的并发症。
高级生命支持的主要步骤
高级生命支持的主要步骤Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) consists of a series of clinical interventions aimed at treating cardiac arrest and other life-threatening emergencies. 高级生命支持（ACLS）包括一系列旨在治疗心脏骤停和其他危及生命的急症的临床干预措施。
It is a crucial component of emergency medical care, as it can significantly increase the chances of survival for patients in cardiac arrest. 它是急救医疗保健的重要组成部分，因为可以显著提高心脏骤停患者的生存机会。
One of the main steps in ACLS is early recognition and activation of the emergency response system. ACLS emphasizes the importance of quickly identifying cardiac arrest and activating the emergency medical services. ACLS的主要步骤之一是及早识别和激活急救响应系统。
ACLS强调迅速识别心脏骤停并激活急救医疗服务的重要性。
Another critical step in ACLS is initiating high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) as soon as possible. CPR is a vital intervention that helps maintain blood flow and oxygen delivery to vital organs during cardiac arrest. 另一个ACLS中的关键步骤是尽快启动高质量的心肺复苏（CPR）。
传染病应急预案
传染病应急预案英文回答：Communicable Disease Emergency Preparedness Plan。
Introduction。
Communicable diseases pose a significant threat to public health and can spread rapidly, causing widespread illness and even death. To effectively respond to and mitigate the impact of communicable disease outbreaks, it is crucial to have a comprehensive emergency preparedness plan in place. This plan should outline the roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders, establish clear communication channels, and provide guidance on case identification, isolation, and treatment.Key Components of a Communicable Disease Emergency Preparedness Plan。
Surveillance and Early Detection: Establishing a surveillance system to monitor disease trends and identify potential outbreaks is essential. This system should involve healthcare providers, public health agencies, and other stakeholders who can provide timely information on suspected or confirmed cases.Rapid Response and Containment: A rapid response team should be designated to investigate suspected outbreaks, implement containment measures, and provide guidance to healthcare providers and the public. This team should be equipped with the necessary resources and expertise to effectively respond to different types of communicable diseases.Communication and Public Education: Clear and timely communication is critical during a communicable disease outbreak. The plan should outline strategies for disseminating accurate information to the public, healthcare providers, and other stakeholders. Public education campaigns should focus on preventing the spread of the disease and promoting good hygiene practices.Case Identification and Isolation: Healthcare providers should be trained to identify and report suspected cases of communicable diseases. The plan should establish protocols for isolating infected individuals to prevent further transmission. This may involve home isolation, hospitalization, or other appropriate measures.Treatment and Management: The plan should provide guidance on the appropriate treatment and management of different types of communicable diseases. This includes access to antiviral medications, antibiotics, or other necessary therapies. Healthcare providers should be familiar with the latest treatment protocols and follow best practices to minimize the risk of complications and transmission.Infection Control and Prevention: Implementing rigorous infection control measures in healthcare settings is crucial to prevent the spread of communicable diseases. The plan should outline protocols for hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, environmental cleaning, andwaste disposal. Healthcare workers should be trained on these protocols and adhere to them diligently.Collaboration and Coordination: Effective response to communicable disease outbreaks requires collaboration and coordination among various stakeholders. The plan should establish clear lines of communication and roles and responsibilities for healthcare providers, public health agencies, emergency management officials, and other relevant parties.Evaluation and Improvement: The plan should include a mechanism for evaluating its effectiveness and making necessary improvements. This may involve conducting drills or exercises, reviewing outbreak response data, and seeking feedback from stakeholders. Regular evaluation helps ensure that the plan remains relevant and effective in addressing the evolving threat of communicable diseases.Conclusion。
病毒英文翻译
病毒英文翻译VirusA virus is a type of microscopic organism that can infect the cells of living organisms. It is made up of genetic material, either DNA or RNA, surrounded by a protein coat. Viruses are much smaller than bacteria and cannot survive or reproduce outside of a host cell.Viruses are responsible for a wide range of diseases in humans, animals, and plants. They can cause common illnesses such as the common cold, flu, and stomach flu, as well as more severe diseases like AIDS, Ebola, and COVID-19. The severity of viral infections can vary widely, with some viruses only causing mild symptoms while others can be life-threatening.Viruses have different modes of transmission. Some viruses are transmitted through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes, while others are spread through direct contact with bodily fluids or contaminated surfaces. In some cases, viruses can also be transmitted through vectors such as mosquitoes or ticks. Once inside a host cell, viruses hijack the cell's machinery to replicate and produce more viral particles. This can lead to the destruction of the infected cell and the release of new viruses, which can then infect other cells. The immune system plays a crucial role in fighting viral infections by producing antibodies that recognize and neutralize viruses.Prevention and control of viral infections are essential to public health. Vaccines are developed to stimulate the immune system toproduce an immune response against specific viruses, providing protection against infection. Antiviral drugs can also be used to treat viral infections, although their effectiveness varies depending on the virus.In recent years, emerging viruses have posed significant challenges to global health. These newly discovered viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2 which causes COVID-19, can quickly spread from person to person, causing outbreaks and pandemics. Rapid identification, surveillance, and response are critical in containing the spread of such viruses and mitigating their impact.In conclusion, viruses are tiny infectious agents that can cause a range of diseases in living organisms. Understanding their biology and transmission mechanisms is crucial in developing effective prevention and control strategies. Ongoing research and collaboration among scientists and health professionals are vital in the battle against viral infections and emerging diseases.。
我院针对非计划性拔管采取的整改措施
我院针对非计划性拔管采取的整改措施1.我们建立了全面的非计划性拔管检测和报告系统。
We have established a comprehensive system for detecting and reporting unplanned extubation.2.所有医护人员必须参加针对非计划性拔管的培训课程。
All medical staff must attend training courses on unplanned extubation.3.我们加强了对患者在床旁护理的监督和指导。
We have strengthened supervision and guidance for bedside care of patients.4.为避免误会和错误操作，我们在患者床边贴上了明确的非计划性拔管预防措施指引。
To avoid misunderstandings and mistakes, we have posted clear guidelines for preventing unplanned extubation at the patients' bedside.5.每位医护人员在接管患者时都必须进行一对一手off，并对患者的气管插管情况进行交接确认。
Each medical staff member must conduct a one-on-one handoff when taking over a patient and confirm the situation of the patient's endotracheal tube.6.我们对患者的气管插管进行定期检查，以确保安全固定和正确位置。
We conduct regular checks on the patient's endotracheal tube to ensure secure fixation and correct placement.7.强调团队合作和协调，以防止拔管意外的发生。
网络病毒 英语作文
网络病毒英语作文Title: The Threat of Cyber Viruses: Understanding and Combatting Online Malware。
In today's interconnected world, the proliferation of technology has brought about numerous benefits, but it has also opened the door to various cybersecurity threats, with one of the most prominent being cyber viruses. These malicious programs pose a significant risk to individuals, organizations, and even entire nations, causing financial losses, data breaches, and disruption of critical services. Understanding the nature of these cyber threats is crucial in devising effective strategies to mitigate their impact.A cyber virus, also known as malware, is a type of malicious software designed to infiltrate computer systems, replicate itself, and cause harm to the host system or network. These viruses come in various forms, including viruses, worms, Trojans, ransomware, and spyware, each with its own specific method of infection and damage. Virusestypically attach themselves to legitimate programs or files and spread when these infected files are executed. Worms, on the other hand, can replicate and spread independently without requiring a host program. Trojans disguise themselves as harmless software but carry out malicious actions once installed. Ransomware encrypts files and demands payment for their release, while spyware stealthily monitors user activity and steals sensitive information.The consequences of a cyber virus attack can be severe and far-reaching. Financial institutions may suffer from data breaches, leading to theft of customer information and financial losses. Critical infrastructure such as power plants, transportation systems, and healthcare facilities may be disrupted, posing risks to public safety. Businesses of all sizes may experience operational downtime, loss of intellectual property, and damage to their reputation. Furthermore, individuals may fall victim to identity theft, fraud, or extortion, resulting in personal and financial distress.To combat the threat of cyber viruses, a multi-facetedapproach is necessary. Firstly, proactive measures such as regular software updates, use of antivirus software, and implementation of strong password policies can help prevent initial infections. Education and awareness programs are also crucial to ensure that users understand the risks associated with suspicious links, emails, and downloads. Additionally, network security measures such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and encryption can help detect and mitigate threats in real-time.Moreover, collaboration between governments, law enforcement agencies, and the private sector is essential to address the global nature of cyber threats effectively. Information sharing platforms and coordinated response mechanisms enable rapid identification and containment of cyber virus outbreaks. Legal frameworks must be strengthened to prosecute cybercriminals and deter future attacks. International cooperation agreements canfacilitate the extradition of offenders and harmonize cybersecurity standards across borders.Furthermore, the development of advanced technologiessuch as artificial intelligence and machine learning holds promise in enhancing cybersecurity capabilities. These technologies can analyze vast amounts of data to identify patterns and anomalies indicative of cyber threats, enabling proactive defense measures. Additionally, the adoption of blockchain technology can enhance the security and integrity of data storage and transmission, reducing the risk of tampering and unauthorized access.In conclusion, cyber viruses represent a significant threat in today's digital landscape, posing risks to individuals, organizations, and society as a whole. Understanding the nature of these threats and implementing proactive security measures are crucial steps in mitigating their impact. By fostering collaboration, leveraging advanced technologies, and enhancing cybersecurity awareness, we can build a safer and more resilient cyber ecosystem for the future.。
gmdss系统简介
What is GMDSS?In 1979, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) recognized the need for an updated maritime communication system and helped create the Inmarsat system employinggeostationary satellites positioned above the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. Shortly thereafter, a polar orbiting satellite system was established to locate Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRBs). The IMO also decided to commence a general upgrade of the distress and safety system to be known as the GMDSS. This system would provide rapid and automated distress reporting and improved telecommunications for the maritime community.In 1988, the IMO amended its SOLAS convention to complete this upgrade of themaritime safety communications procedures and equipment for the GMDSS. GMDSS applies system automation techniques to the traditional maritime VHF, MF, and HF bands, whichpreviously required a continuous listening watch.GMDSS incorporates the Inmarsat and theEPIRB satellite systems to improve the reliability and effectiveness of the distress and safety system on a global basis. GMDSS also provides for the timely dissemination of maritime safety information, including navigational andmeteorological warnings and weather forecasts.How can you prepare?The IMO and the Coast Guard stronglyencourage all vessels not required to participate in GMDSS to voluntarily carry selected GMDSS systems to enhance their safety. The primary systems would be a DSC-equipped marine radio suitable for your area of operations and the 406MHz satellite EPIRB. If you use GMDSSsystems voluntarily, training is not required but is highly recommended.Do you use a Maritime Radio System?If so, the new Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) will affect you.GMDSS will be mandatory for all ships subject to the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Convention.This includes all U.S. ships of 300 or more gross tons and passenger ships carrying more than 12passengers under certain circumstances.Whether or not your vessel carries GMDSS equipment, you will be sharing the waters with vessels that are GMDSS equipped.How does this affect you?On 1 February 1999, the voice watchkeeping requirement on 2182 kHz for GMDSS ships will cease. Sometime afterward, on a date yet to be determined, GMDSS ships may no longer be required to maintain a voice listening watch on channel 16 VHF. Considerable difficulty could then be experienced in establishing communications between GMDSS andnon-GMDSS equipped vessels in an emergency situation. [Non-GMDSS vessels which routinely operate near large ships may wish to voluntarily equip with VHF-DSC to facilitate emergency contact.]The Coast Guard shore network now maintains a voice guard on channel 16 VHF and 2182 kHz MF. These networks are being upgraded to include the GMDSS Digital Selective Calling (DSC) on channel 70 VHF and 2187.5 kHz MF.While the Coast Guard plans to maintain the shore watch on channel 16 VHF for a number of years, there is no assurance that the 2182 kHz MF and HF voice watches will be continued after the new system becomes mandatory. Existing Coast Guard MF and HF watches are being augmented with DSC to improve high seas telecommunications services to the maritime public.Digital Selective Calling (DSC)DSC-equipped marine radios are used for routine communications and for transmitting, acknowledging, and relaying distress alerts. DSC allows a specific station to be contacted and indicates the method and channel on which to reply. It can also make “all ships” calls. Follow-up communications are made on an appropriate non-DSC frequency. DSC radio users need to understand the basic operation of the radio, how DSC acts as an automated watch, the importance of registering the radio identity and keeping it on and tuned to the DSC channel. DSC is on channel 70 VHF and on the frequency 2187.5 kHz MF. There are DSC calling channels in each HF band. Satellite EPIRBsOne of the most useful GMDSS systems is the satellite EPIRB, a small device designed for automated transmission of distress alerts. The 406 MHz satellite EPIRB (which is far superior to the 121.5 MHz EPIRB) is a newer and more reliable device designed to provide rapid alerting, identification, and accurate location information to search and rescue authorities. InmarsatThe International Mobile Satellite Organization (Inmarsat) operates a global satellite network which provides high quality voice and data services for ships at sea. Shipboard Inmarsat terminals (A, B, or C) are formally accepted for the use of GMDSS. These terminals come in a variety of sizes, weights, and costs so that Inmarsat is feasible for use on smaller vessels.Equipment with safety in mindOther elements of the GMDSS that small vessels should be aware of include:•The coastal NA VTEX broadcast system provides marine weather forecasts, naviga-tion warnings, and search and rescue alerts.•High seas SafetyNET broadcast system (delivered by the Inmarsat-C system)provides information similar to NA VTEX,but to vessels on the high seas.•The Search and Rescue Transponder (SART) for life rafts is used to aid in thelocation of survivors by enhancing the radarvisibility of small targets.Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers should be interconnected with DSC radios and Inmarsat terminals to transmit an automatic distress alert including an accurate position.A.406 EPIRBB.InmarsatC.VHF DSC RadioD.NAVTEXE.SARTABECDSafety in action. . .Hope for Help in Hostile S easWhat began as a routine day for fishermen working the unpredictable winter waters off the coast of Nantucket, Massachusetts, quicklyturned into an event destined for disaster. Late in the evening of January 17, 1997, the vesselCOMMODORE was fishing south of Nantucket Island with a crew of six on board. They suddenly lost all electrical power and began to take on water inheavy seas. Unable to control the flooding, the six person crew of the COMMODORE was forced to abandon ship into their life raft in 15 to 20 foot seas with a water temperature of 42Covered by VHF coast radio stationsproviding DSC alerting services (typi-cally 20 NM from the coast).Covered by MF coast radio stationsproviding continuous DSC alerting (typically about 100 NM from the coast).Covered by the Inmarsat geostationarysatellites (typically global coverage from about 70N to 70S latitude) or DSC HF radio.For those outside the other areas (onlyrequired for vessels sailing in the polar regions out of Inmarsat satellitecoverage). Served by DSC HF radio.Area A1Area A2Area A3Area A4Ocean area coverage(RCC) in Boston received notification of the EPIRB distress alert through the Cospas-Sarsat satellite rescue system. The RCC was able to identify the COMMODORE as the source of the signal, and they made contact with the vessel’s owner, who stated its planned location. The U.S.Coast Guardresponded quickly by launching an HU-25 fixed-wing aircraft and an HH-60 helicopter from Cape Cod,MA, and a C-130fixed-wing aircraft from ElizabethCity, NC. The Canadian Coast Guard diverted their rescue vessel TERRA NOV A to assist,joining the U.S. Coast Guard Cutter SPENCER.The U.S. Coast Guard HH-60 helicopter arrived on scene and, fighting fierce winds, hoisted all six crewmembers on board and transported them to U.S. Coast Guard Air Station Cape Cod, where they received medical attention and were released ingood health.degrees. The crew was very fortunate in that the boat was equipped with a 406 MHz EPIRB. The master activated the EPIRB and took it with him when he joined his crew on the life raft, just before the COM-MODORE sank. Soon after midnight the U.S. Coast Guard Rescue Coordination CenterTo contact the Implementation Task Force:For more information on GMDSS. . .Please contact:Also, visit our Web site for more information on GMDSS:。
人员表面菌数的英文
人员表面菌数的英文Surface Bacteria Count of Personnel.In the realm of hygiene and safety, the surface bacteria count of personnel is a crucial metric. It refers to the number of bacteria present on the skin or clothing of individuals, which can potentially be transferred to surfaces they touch. This count is often monitored in healthcare settings, food processing facilities, and other environments where hygiene is paramount.The importance of monitoring surface bacteria count cannot be overstated. High bacterial counts can indicate poor hygiene practices, which can lead to the spread of infections and contaminants. For example, in healthcare settings, healthcare workers with high surface bacteria counts may unknowingly transmit harmful microorganisms to patients, increasing the risk of nosocomial infections. Similarly, in food processing facilities, personnel with high bacterial counts can contaminate food products, posinga risk to consumer health.To ensure the hygiene of personnel, various measures can be taken. Regular handwashing with soap and water is essential, as it removes bacteria from the hands. Additionally, the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers can further reduce bacterial counts between washes. Personnel should also be encouraged to wear appropriate protective clothing, such as gloves and aprons, to minimize the transfer of bacteria to surfaces.In addition to personal hygiene practices, environmental controls can also help reduce surface bacteria counts. For instance, facilities can implement regular cleaning and disinfection routines to remove bacteria from surfaces. Air purification systems can also be installed to remove airborne bacteria. Furthermore, proper ventilation can help dilute bacterial concentrations and prevent their accumulation.Monitoring surface bacteria counts is crucial for assessing the effectiveness of these hygiene and safetymeasures. Regular testing can identify areas wherebacterial counts are elevated, allowing for targeted interventions. In healthcare settings, for example, regular surface sampling can identify areas where cleaning and disinfection routines may need to be improved. Similarly, in food processing facilities, regular testing can ensure that personnel are adhering to hygiene protocols and minimize the risk of contamination.To ensure accurate and reliable results, surface bacteria testing should be conducted using validated methods. These methods typically involve swabbing surfaces, collecting the swab samples, and then analyzing them in a laboratory setting. The analysis may involve culturing the bacteria to identify their types and determine their concentrations. Additionally, modern technologies such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing can provide faster and more sensitive results, enabling rapid identification and response to elevated bacterial counts.In conclusion, the surface bacteria count of personnel is a crucial indicator of hygiene and safety. Monitoringthis metric through regular testing and implementing effective hygiene measures can help minimize the spread of infections and contaminants in various settings. By prioritizing hygiene and safety, we can create healthier and safer environments for everyone.。
急诊外科简介范文
急诊外科简介范文（中英文实用版）Introduction to Emergency Surgery急救外科简介Emergency surgery is a branch of surgery that deals with urgent medical conditions requiring immediate surgical intervention.These conditions can range from trauma injuries, such as car accidents or falls, to sudden onset diseases, like appendicitis or heart attacks.The primary goal of emergency surgery is to save lives and limbs, stabilize the patient"s condition, and provide prompt medical care.急救外科是外科学的一个分支，专门处理需要立即进行外科手术的紧急医疗状况。
这些状况可以从创伤性伤害，比如汽车事故或跌倒，到突然发生的疾病，比如阑尾炎或心脏病发作。
急救外科的主要目标是挽救生命和肢体，稳定患者的病情，并提供及时的医疗服务。
Emergency surgeons are highly trained professionals who specialize in handling emergency surgical cases.They possess excellent diagnostic skills, quick decision-making abilities, and proficiency in performing surgical procedures under pressure.These surgeons work closely with an interdisciplinary team, including anesthesiologists, nurses, and radiologists, to ensure the best possible outcome for the patient.急救外科医生是经过高度培训的专业人士，专门处理紧急外科病例。
海水和淡水珍珠粉的快速鉴别
农业研究与应用AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND APPLICATION第33卷第4期2020年7月Vol.33 No.4July. 2020海水和淡水珍珠粉的快速鉴别童银洪I 陈志强2郭丰辉2刘 永I 廖晓芹彳©广东海洋大学珍珠研究所，广东湛江524025; 2深圳市计量质量检测研究院，广东深圳518055;彳海南海润珍珠股份有限公司，海南三亚 572000)摘 要：为了建立快速鉴别海水与淡水珍珠的方法，采用X 荧光光谱仪对海水和淡水珍珠粉进行元素检测，计算其锂钙计数比。
结果表明，海水珍珠粉的铠钙计数比在0.2以上，淡水珍珠粉的锂钙计数比在0.2以下。
因此依据这种锂钙计数比的明显差异，可以快速、无损地鉴别海水和淡水珍珠粉。
关键词：珍珠粉X 荧光光谱仪快速鉴别中图分类号：R282.5 文献标志码：ARapid Identification of Seawater Pearl Powder andFreshwater Pearl PowderTONG Yinhong 1, CHEN Zhiqiang 2, GUO Fenghui 2, LIU Yong 1,LIAO Xiaoqin 3('Pearl Research Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, China ； 2Shenzhen Institute of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055,China ； 3Hainan Hairun Pearl Co., Ltd., Shanya 572000, China )Abstract ： To set up a rapid identification method for identifying seawater pearl powder and freshwater pearl powder, examined the elements of pearl powder by X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) , and calculated the Sr/Ca ratio. Results showed that the Sr/Ca ratio of seawater pearl powder is above 0.2, freshwater pearl powder is below 0.2. Seawater pearl pow ・ der and freshwater pearl powder can be identified nondestructively and rapidly based on the ob vious difference in their Sr/Ca ratio.Key words ： Pearl powder ； X-ray fluorescence spectrometer ； rapid identification自古以来珍珠就是名贵的中药材，珍珠粉是将珍珠，经粉碎、磨细而成的粉状物，按照生长水域珍珠母贝(蚌)形成的珍珠，包括养殖珍珠和天然的不同可分为淡水珍珠粉和海水珍珠粉。
扣锁 滚环探针
扣锁探针(padlock probe)和滚环扩增（Rolling Circle Amplification)的优势及其临床应用扣锁探针和滚环扩增是近年来开发的新型DNA诊断与扩增技术。
扣锁探针（也称可成环探针）是一种人工合成的低聚核苷酸链分子大约有70－100个碱基。
扣锁探针包含两个靶序列识别臂分别位于探针分子的3’和5’端和位于中部的链接段。
线型扣锁探针靶序列识别臂可识别DNA和RNA序列并杂交在DNA或RNA分子上。
在DNA链结酶的催化下，线型扣锁探针的两端形成共价键并产生环型分子。
以下的几个特性造就了扣锁探针卓越的DNA序列识别能力。
首先线型扣锁探针两端的靶序列识别臂需要同时识别靶序列。
再者链接靶序列识别臂的DNA链结酶需要完全正确的3’和5’端靶序列与探针的复合体才可催化形成环型分子。
因此扣锁探针是目前最精确的点位突变识别探针。
形成环型分子后的扣锁探针又可做为一种特定的信号源被滚环扩增法来快速放大与检测。
滚环扩增技术采用具有模板位移功能的DNA聚合酶在恒温下指数扩增环型分子信号，该技术摒弃了冗长与繁琐的传统PCR程序。
可在恒温下一个小时之内完成信号扩增与检测。
在扣锁探针和滚环扩增的共同作用下仅需几个步骤，模板上特定的基因序列就可被识别。
相当与其他核酸诊断技术，扣锁探针和滚环扩增的程序是更简单，更快速，更经济。
临床应用：分子生物学诊断基因序列，特别是单个碱基突变已经越来越多的用于临床。
在微生物学方面，基因序列诊断被用来确诊感染细菌或病毒的类型以确保病人，医护人员以及公众的安全和采取最佳治疗方案。
另外近年来细菌或病毒的耐药成为医学和公共卫生的重点问题。
许多微生物耐药是由于基因突变所引起，传统的培养方法诊断微生物耐药不仅繁琐，费时，昂贵，而且已无法满足临床需求。
目前虽然许多分子生物学方法可用于基因突变耐药的诊断，但扣锁探针和滚环扩增在程序简单，经济，结果稳定易分析，和减少对仪器设备依赖方面有无法比拟的优越性。
RAPID程序指令与功能
":=" - Assigns a value
BitClear - Clear a specified bit in a byte or dnum data
BitSe or dnum data
BookErrNo - Book a RAPID system error number
變量指令
賦值指令 := WaitTime WaitUntil WaitDI WaitDO comment Load UnLoad Start Load Wait Load CancelLoad CheckProgRef Save EraseModule TryInt OpMode RunMode 變量功能
GetDataVal - Get the value of a data object
GetSysData - Get system data
GetTrapData - Get interrupt data for current TRAP
GOTO - Goes to a new instruction
ClearIOBuff - Clear input buffer of a serial channel
ClearRawBytes - Clear the contents of rawbytes data
ClkReset - Resets a clock used for timing
ClkStart - Starts a clock used for timing
CorrDiscon - Disconnects from a correction generator
CorrWrite - Writes to a correction generator
track and trace
track and traceTrack and Trace: An Overview of the System and Its ImportanceIntroductionThe track and trace system is an essential tool used in various industries, including healthcare, logistics, and supply chain management. Its primary purpose is to monitor and manage the movement of goods, services, and personnel. This article provides an overview of the track and trace system, its components, and its importance in today's interconnected world.What is Track and Trace?Track and trace, also known as T&T, is a method used to identify and track the movement of a product or person throughout its journey. This system utilizes various technologies such as barcodes, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), GPS (Global Positioning System), and IoT (Internet of Things) to track and monitor the item or individual in real-time.Components of Track and Trace System1. Identification: The first step in the track and trace system is to assign a unique identification code to the product or person. This code can be in the form of a barcode, QR code, or RFID tag. This code allows for easy identification and tracking throughout the supply chain.2. Data Capturing Devices: These devices are used to collect data at different stages of the product's journey. For example, in the healthcare industry, medication packaging may have a QR code that can be scanned by a healthcare professional to record the administration of the medication.3. Communication Networks: The collected data is transmitted through communication networks such as the internet, mobile networks, or radio waves. This allows for real-time tracking and monitoring.4. Data Management Systems: The collected data is stored and managed in databases or cloud-based systems. These systems enable easy access to information and facilitate data analysis for decision-making purposes.5. Tracking Applications: These applications allow authorized personnel to access real-time information about the location, status, and other relevant details of the tracked item. This helps in improving efficiency and reducing errors in various processes.Importance of Track and Trace System1. Supply Chain Management: The track and trace system plays a crucial role in supply chain management. It allows businesses to keep track of inventory levels, monitor the movement of goods, and identify bottlenecks in the supply chain. This helps in improving efficiency, reducing costs, and ensuring timely deliveries.2. Consumer Safety: In industries such as pharmaceuticals and food, the track and trace system ensures the safety of consumers. It allows for the rapid identification and recall of products in case of quality issues or safety concerns. This helps in protecting consumers and maintaining trust in the brand.3. Counterfeit Prevention: The track and trace system can help in the prevention of counterfeit products. By assigning unique identification codes and tracking their movement, businesses can ensure the authenticity of their products. This protects the brand's reputation and safeguards consumer interests.4. Regulatory Compliance: Many industries have regulatory requirements for tracking and tracing products. For example, in the healthcare sector, pharmaceutical companies need to comply with regulations that mandate the traceability of medications from manufacturing to distribution. The track and trace system enables businesses to meet these regulatory requirements efficiently.5. Supply Chain Visibility: The track and trace system provides visibility into the supply chain, allowing businesses to identify inefficiencies, optimize processes, and make data-driven decisions. This leads to improved overall performance and customer satisfaction.Use Cases of Track and Trace System1. Healthcare: In the healthcare sector, the track and trace system is crucial for medication management, medical devicetracking, and patient safety. It helps in reducing errors, ensuring compliance with regulations, and enhancing patient care.2. Logistics and Transportation: The track and trace system is widely used in logistics and transportation to monitor the movement of goods, manage delivery schedules, and optimize routes. This improves operational efficiency and customer satisfaction.3. E-commerce: In the e-commerce industry, the track and trace system allows customers to track their packages in real-time, providing transparency and peace of mind. It also enables businesses to streamline their fulfillment processes and manage inventory effectively.ConclusionThe track and trace system is a vital tool for industries worldwide. It enables efficient supply chain management, ensures consumer safety, prevents counterfeiting, ensures regulatory compliance, and provides supply chain visibility. With advancements in technology, the track and trace system is continuously evolving, offering more precise and real-time tracking capabilities. Embracing this system can bringsignificant benefits to businesses and enhance customer satisfaction in today's globalized and interconnected world.。
急性冠脉综合征病人健康素养与就医决策延迟的相关研究
急性冠脉综合征病人健康素养与就医决策延迟的相关研究梁文兰;于静静;邵春红【摘要】[目的]探讨急性冠脉综合征病人(ACS)就医决策延迟和健康素养的现状及相关性.[方法]采用自行设计的一般资料调查表和健康素养调查表对110例ACS病人进行调查;并参考美国心脏协会(AHA)指南来判断病人是否存在就医决策延迟.[结果]病人就医决策延迟的中位数时间为80 min.就医决策延迟组病人为58例(52.73％),非延迟组病人为52例(47.27％).健康素养总分为118.23分±20.27分,不同文化程度病人的健康素养得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).有无冠心病病史的ACS病人就医决策延迟时间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Pearson相关分析显示,ACS病人的健康素养总分及各维度分值与就医决策延迟时间呈负相关,差异有统计学意义(r=0.435～0.608,P＜0.05).[结论]ACS病人的健康素养和就医决策延迟时间均有待提高.建议护士应先评估ACS病人的健康素养水平,再进一步缩短就医决策延迟时间.【期刊名称】《全科护理》【年(卷),期】2018(016)001【总页数】3页(P97-99)【关键词】急性冠脉综合征;就医决策延迟;健康素养【作者】梁文兰;于静静;邵春红【作者单位】215008,苏州市立医院北区;215008,苏州市立医院北区;215008,苏州市立医院北区【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R473.5急性冠脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome，ACS)是由冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂所致的急性心肌缺血综合征。
其发病急、症状重、病情变化快，应立即诊治[1]。
美国心脏协会指出，ACS的确定性治疗应在症状发生后60 min内进行[2]。
但ACS病人普遍存在就医决策延迟[3]，且是阻碍病人尽早治疗的最主要原因[4]。
然而国内关于ACS病人就医决策延迟的研究相对较少。
健康素养指的是个体获得、理解、处理基本的健康信息或服务，并做出正确的健康相关决策的能力[5]；良好的健康素养有利于促进个体的健康管理行为和对疾病的有效应对[6]。
全面应对突发公共卫生事件的预案英文版
全面应对突发公共卫生事件的预案英文版Comprehensive Plan for Responding to Public Health EmergenciesIn the face of unforeseen public health crises, it is essential to have a comprehensive plan in place to effectively respond and mitigate the impact on the community. This document outlines key strategies and protocols to ensure a coordinated and swift response to such emergencies.IntroductionPublic health emergencies can arise unexpectedly and pose significant threats to the well-being of populations. It is crucial to have a well-defined plan in place to address these emergencies promptly and effectively.Key Objectives1. Rapid identification and containment of the health threat.2. Coordination with relevant authorities and organizations.3. Communication and dissemination of accurate information to the public.4. Provision of necessary resources and support to those affected.5. Monitoring and evaluation of response efforts to ensure effectiveness.Response Strategies1. Early Detection: Establish a surveillance system to monitor for potential health threats and promptly report any unusual patterns.2. Emergency Response Team: Form a dedicated team of experts to coordinate response efforts and make informed decisions.3. Resource Mobilization: Ensure availability of essential resources such as medical supplies, personnel, and facilities.4. Communication Plan: Develop a comprehensive communication strategy to keep the public informed and educated about the situation.5. Collaboration: Work closely with local, national, and international partners to leverage resources and expertise.6. Training and Drills: Conduct regular training exercises and drills to test the effectiveness of the response plan and identify areas for improvement.7. Psychosocial Support: Provide mental health support to individuals impacted by the emergency to ensure their well-being.Implementation1. Activation: Activate the emergency response plan as soon as a public health emergency is identified.2. Coordination: Ensure seamless coordination among all stakeholders involved in the response effort.3. Communication: Keep the public informed through various channels such as press releases, social media, and community outreach.4. Monitoring: Continuously monitor the situation and adjust response strategies as needed based on evolving circumstances.5. Evaluation: Conduct a thorough evaluation of the response effort post-crisis to identify strengths and weaknesses for future improvements.ConclusionA well-prepared and coordinated response to public health emergencies is essential to minimize the impact on individuals and communities. By following the outlined strategies and protocols, we can effectively mitigate the effects of such crises and protect the health and well-being of the population.。
2019-2020学年上师大附中高三下英语阶段测试
II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.V oice for the PlanetIt's the voice you notice first. In person, David Attenborough speaks in the same awestruck hush he has used in dozens of nature documentaries, a crisp half whisper (21) ________ is often imitated but seldom matched. Sitting in his home in the Richmond neighbourhood of west London for one in a series of conversations, I feel obliged to drink (22) ________ second cup of tea when he offers. It somehow seems wrong to say no.In his native U. K. Attenborough is held in the kind of respect usually (23) ________ (reserve) for royalty. Over decades - first as a television executive, then as a wildlife filmmaker and recently as a kind of elder statesman for the planet -- he has achieved near saintly（圣人的）status. He was knighted（封为骑士）by the Queen in 1985 and (24) ________ (usually refer) to as Sir David.Attenborough pioneered a style of wildlife film-making that brought viewers to remote landscapes and gave them a close perspective on the wonders of nature. In the autumn of his life, Attenborough has largely moved away from (25) ________ these films are made but lends his storytelling abilities to wildlife documentaries in collaboration with filmmakers his storytelling abilities to wildlife documentaries in collaboration with filmmakers he has mentored. His most famous work, the 2006 BBC series Planet Earth, set a benchmark in the use of high-definition cameras and had a budget equal to (26) ________ of a Hollywood movie. Among its highlights (27) ________ (be) the first footage of a snow leopard, the impossibly rare Asian wildcat that hunts high in the Himalayas. More than a decade (28) ________ it was first released, Planet Earth remains among the all-time best-selling nonfiction DVDs.Now Attenborough is putting his voice and the weight of authority he has accumulated to greater moral purpose. In recent months he has stood (29) ________ ________ ________ powerful audiences at the 2018 U. N. climate talks in Katowice, Poland, and the 2019 World Economic Forum at Davos, in Switzerland, to urge them into action on climate change. These kinds of event are not his chosen habitat, Attenborough tells TIME. "I would much prefer not to be a sign- (30) ________ (carry) conservationist. My life is the natural world. But I can't not carry a placard（标语牌）if I see what's happening."Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Speeding Into the Future With BiometricsImagine checking in for a flight by simply walking onto the plane. Or buying groceries with a nod of your head, or withdrawing funds from a ATM with a single glance. Thanks to biometric technology - which uses voice, face, fingerprint, or other physical or behavioral characteristic recognition to __31__ verify an individual's identity -- those scenarios are not far from becoming reality.Rapid user identification and more intuitive（简便的）shopping __32__ are just a couple of the emerging capabilities of biometrics, which is ready to blossom into a $ 59.31 billion global industry by 2025, according to Grand View Research. Whether it's providing better ways to fight fraud or delivering smarter customer service, the biometrics industry is expanding the __33__ applications of the technology and transforming human interactions across business and government.Tools that enable voice recognition, iris recognition, and other methods of identification offer faster and more __34__ ways to access electronic devices or physical locations by creating unique identifiers such as "voice-prints" and "eye-prints" that can't be faked. They also allow users to maintain consistent digital identities wherever they go.Millions of smart-phone and tablet users already rely on finger-print scanners and facial recognition systems to unlock or manipulate their devices, but more sophisticated solutions are being __35__ or are in development across a variety of industries."The future of business lies in highly intelligent and automated transactions and smart, faultless customer interactions," says Brett Beranek, general manager of security and biometrics at Nuance Communications. "Among today's fastest-growing trends, the __36__ toward more nautral and personalized exchanges is quickly makingbiometrics a go-to technology for firms all around the world, including Fortune 500 leaders."Nuance has been developing its __37__ biometrics technologies over the past two decades. Its tools go beyond identifying simple characteristics, such as the sound of an individual's voice, to learning speaking, typing, and behavioral patterns and memorizing __38__ vocabulary. Such capabilities allow the technologies to recognize when someone is trying to impersonate a customer on the phone or during digital transactions, stopping fraud in its tracks.Nuance's technology is not only capable of identifying who is __39__ with it, but also what the user is likely looking for, enabling personalized interactions from the moments they begin. This friction-less experience can be a competitive advantage - driving __40__ and improving customer satisfaction.III. Reading ComprehensionsSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Friendly LaughterMost people can share a laugh with a total stranger. But there are subtle - and __41__ -- differences in our laughs with friends.Greg Bryant, a cognitive scientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, and his colleagues previously found that adults from 24 societies around the world can distinguish simultaneous "co-laughter" between friends from that between strangers. The findings suggested that his ability may be __42__ used to help read social interactions. So the researchers wondered: Can babies distinguish such laughter, too?Bryant and his fellow researcher Athena V ouloumanos, a developmental psychologist at New York University, played recording of co-laughter between __43__ of either friends or strangers to 24 five-month-old infants in New York City. The babies listened __44__ to the laughs shared between buddies - suggesting they could tell the two types apart, according to a study published in March in Scientific Reports.The researchers then showed the babies short videos of two people acting either like friends or strangers and paired those with the __45__ recordings. The babies stared for longer at clips paired with a mismatched recording -for example, if they saw friends __46__ but heard strangers laughing."There's something about co-laughter that is giving __47__ to even a five-month-old about the social relationship between the individuals," Bryant says. Exactly what components of laughter the infants are detecting remains to be seen, but prior work by Bryant's team provides __48__. Laughs between friends tend to include greater variations in pitch and __49__, for example.Such characteristics also distinguish __50__ laughs from fake ones. Many scientists think heartfelt laughter most likely __51__ from play vocalizations, which are also produced by nonhuman primates, rodens and other mammals. Fake laughter probably emerged later in humans, __52__ that ability to produce a wide range of speech sounds. The researchers suggest that we may be __53__ to spontaneous（自发的）laughter during development because of its long evolutionary history.It's really cool to see how early infants are distinguishing between different forms of laughter," says Adrienne Wood, a psychologist at the University of Virginia, who was not involved in the study. "Almost every __54__ moment is a social interaction for babies. Therefore it __55__ that they are becoming very much accustomed to their social worlds."41. A. distinct B. invisible C. detectable D. conscious42. A. universally B. apparently C. fairly D. precisely43. A. groups B. pairs C. rivals D. partners44. A. shorter B. longer C. less patiently D. more diligently45. A. friendly B. strange C. visual D. audio46. A. interacting B. reflecting C. clubbing D. interpreting47. A. value B. meaning C. information D. friendship48. A. accounts B. implications C. routes D. hints49. A. engagement B. frequency C. intensity D. length50. A. obliged B. involuntary C. encouraged D. internal51. A. evolved B. heaped C. sprang D. originated52. A. apart from B. along with C. as against D. ahead of53. A. available B. crucial C. sensitive D. neutral54. A. screaming B. kicking C. shifting D. waking55. A. turns out B. comes true C. rings hollow D. makes senseSection BDirections: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)These days, nobody needs to cook. Families graze on high-cholesterol（胆固醇）take-aways and microwaved ready-meals. Cooking is an occasional hobby and a vehicle for celebrity chefs, which makes it odd that the kitchen has become the heart of the modern house. What the great hall was to the medieval castle, the kitchen is to the 21st - century home.The money spent on kitchens has risen with their status. In America the kitchen market is now worth $ 170 billion, five times the country's film industry. In the year to August 2007, the Swedish furniture chain IKEA sold over one million kitchens worldwide. The average budget for a "major" kitchen overhaul in 2006, calculates Remodeling magazine, was a staggering $ 54,000, even a "minor" improvement cost on average $ 18,000.Exclusivity, more familiar in the world of high fashion, has reached the kitchen: Robinson & Cornish, a British manufacturer of custom-made-kitchens, offers a Georgian-style one, which would cost 145,000 to 155,000 pounds -- excluding building, plumbing and electrical work. Its big selling point is that nobody else will have it: "You won't see this kitchen anywhere else in the word."The elevation of the room that once belonged only to the servants for the modern family tells the story of a century of social change. Right into the early 20th century, kitchens were smoky, noisy places, generally located underground, or to the back of the house, as far from living space as possible. That was as it should be: kitchens were for servants, and the aspiring middle classes wanted nothing to do with them.But as the working classes prospered and the servant shortage set in, housekeeping became a matter of interest to the educated classes. One of the pioneers of a radical new way of thinking about the kitchen was Catharine Esther Beecher, sister of Harriet Beecher Stowe. In American Human's Home, published in 1869, the Beecher sisters recommended a scientific approach to household management, designed to enhance the efficiency of a woman's work and promote order. Many contemporary ideas about kitchen design can be traced back to another American, Chris Frederick, who set about enhancing the efficiency of the housewife. Her 1919 work, House-Engineering: Scientific Management in the Home, was based on detailed observation of a wife's daily routine. She borrowed the principle of efficiency on the factory floor and applied mystic tasks on the kitchen floor.Frederick's central idea, that "stove, sink and kitchen table must be placed in such a relation that useless steps are avoided entirely," inspired the first fully fitted kitchen, designed in the 1920s by Mangarete Schutter Libotsky. It was a modernist triumph, and many elements remain central features of today's kitchen.56. What does the author say about the kitchen of today?A. It is where housewives display their cooking skills.B. It is where the family entertains important guests.C. It has become something odd a modern house.D. It is regarded as the center of a modern home.57. Why does the Georgian-style kitchen sell at a very high price?A. It is believed to have tremendous artistic value.B. There will be no kitchen exactly the same anywhere.C. It is manufactured by a famous British company.D. No other manufacturer can produce anything like it.58. What was the Beecher sisters' idea of a kitchen?A. A place where women could work more efficiently.B. A place where high technology could be applied.C. A place of interest to the educated people.D. A place to experiment with new ideas.59. What do we learn about today's kitchen?A. It represents the rapid technological advance in people's daily life.B. Many of its central features are no different from those of the 1920s.C. It has been transformed beyond recognition.D. Many of its functions have changed greatly.(B)Occupational Licenses with the Biggest Bang for BuckSome 1.8 million American were laid off or discharged from their jobs each month on average in 2019, according to data from the U. S. Bureau of Labor statistics. People who lose their jobs often confront a difficult choice: should they take a new job that pays less, or should they make a costly investment in gaining new skills so that they can compete for another similar job or an even better one?If they do decide on retraining ,which programs and occupational licenses are worth their while? In general, the highest-paying jobs tend to have the most difficult education/ training and experience requirements. But that is not always the case. The following are five occupational licenses with the biggest bang for your buck.Drone Pilots: If you want to become a drone pilot, all you need to do is be above 16 years old, pass the Federal Aviation Administration's Remote Pilot Certificate exam (which requires about 15 to 20 hours of studying), and pay a $ 150 licensing fee. Pay for drone pilots averages $ 56,426 per year, and jobs are growing rapidly across a range of industries. For example, companies like UPS are making substantial investments in drone delivery and will need to hire thousands of drone pilots in the coming years.Home Inspectors: If you need a job that makes about $ 60K per year, you might want to consider becoming a Home Inspector. Both Home Inspectors and HV AC Contractors earn about $ 61K per year, on average, but getting a state HV AC Contractor license typically requires about 4,000 hours of training and experience (those systems arebecoming even more complex), whereas a Home Inspector license only requires 360 hours of training and experience, and much of the training can be gained free of charge on the job.Massage Therapists: On average, Manicurists/Pedicurists are required to complete more hours of training than Massage Therapists (700 hours versus 500 hours), but Massage Therapists earn almost twice as much, on average ($54,639 versus $ 32,509).Radiologic Technologists: Licensing requirements for cosmetologists（美容师）have become so onerous that candidates now need 2,700 hours of training and experience on average. That's not much less than the requirement for becoming a Radiologic or MRI Technologist (3,300 hours), a job which is growing considerably faster than average, is more recession - proof, and pays twice as much ($ 56,162 versus $ 28,608).Dental Hygienists: Among jobs that require a two-year associate's degree granted by a college or university, some pay substantially more than others. The average state licensing fee for becoming a Dental Hygienist is a hefty $ 1,600, but the pay bump you'll receive will likely make up for it ten times over in the first year.60. The underlined expression "the biggest bang for your buck" in Paragraph 2 probably means ________.A. the job loss for your hesitation to investB. a good income resulting from your skillsC. a good return for the money you have spentD. the great efforts you'd make to change your life.61. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Among the drone operators, those who work for delivery services can earn the most.B. Compared to a home inspector, being an HV AC Contractor is more cost-effective.C. As an MRI technologist, you'd be less likely to be jobless during an economic crisis.D. Higher education isn't a compulsory requirement if you want to be a dental hygienist.62. Which of the following matching for the chart is correct according to the passage?A. ① Radiologic Technologist; ① Cosmetologist; ①General ContractorB. ① Drone Pilot; ① General Contractor; ① Dental HygienistsC. ① Message Therapist; ① Radiologic Technologist; ① CosmetologistD. ① Drone Piolt; ① Cosmetologist; ① Radiologic Technologist(C)I have been wondering lately why I should teach my newborn son English. Everyone I know speaks English, but would Peter be better off learning a more sensible, mellifluous（流畅的）language, like maybe Italian? It is, I admit, a stupid question. But stupid questions can contain the seeds of great insights. This particular stupid question leads to the frontier of economic theory, as well as to the intellectual foundation for the government's antitrust（反垄断）case against Microsoft.Why are American children taught English? The answer is that everyone learns English because everyone else learns it. In this respect, language is a perfect example of what economic theorists call a network. In a network, the benefit one person gets from using some good - in this case, English -- depends on the number of other people using it.Networks fascinate economic theorists because they don't fit nearby into the standard model of how markets work. In most cases, economists are defenders of free markets. People left to their own devices, we argue, will typically achieve an outcome that is good society as a whole - the vaunted（被大肆吹捧的）invisible hand.In the case of networks, however, this logic doesn't seem to work. It is easy to imagine that people might getstuck with a network that, once established, is hard to replace. Parents deciding what language to teach their children, for instance, don't really have much choice. How else can we explain why the Chinese keep speaking Chinese when less complicated languages are available?For a while supporters of the new economics of networks pointed to what seemed to be a compelling example of the problem - the QWERTY keyboard. As the story goes, this arrangement of letters was originally designed to prevent typists from jamming the keys on early typewriters. Despite the availability of superior designs and the fact that jamming keys is no longer an issue, QWERTY remains the standard. This, theorists argued, was a network-driven market failure: People still type on this inefficient keyboard just because that's what everybody else does.This debate over networks, keyboards, and market failure might seem like arcana（奥秘）only economists can love, but it is having a profound influence on public policy. Many academics who have written about the theory of networks have worked for the Justice Department and other federal agencies. A frequent claim is that computer operating system are like languages: Once a standard becomes dominant, it is practically impossible for anyone to consider an alternative, even a better one. The only difference between English and Windows, the argument goes, is that English is free.63. Which of the following examples best illustrates the idea "network" mentioned in the passage?A. Microsoft limits reasonable competition through its aggressive pricing mechanism.B. Some scholars speak out against the fundamental economic theory in a journal.C. Peter chooses to learn Italian for the purpose of an early promotion in his company.D. Families sit together to watch the Spring Festival Gala on New Year's Eve.64. The underlined phrase "this logic" in Paragraph 4 refers to the idea that ________.A. networks don't fit into the standard model of how markets workB. less governmental intervention is good for societyC. what language we learn depends on the environment we live inD. the market wouldn't operate properly without the "invisible hand"65. What can we infer from the passage?A. Free market contributes most to a prosperous economy.B. The QWERTY keyboard reflects a network failure in business.C. Convenience gave way to efficiency in the design of the keyboard.D. Personal preferences may well be determined by how others act.66. Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?A. The Dominance of Microsoft Is to BlameB. Networks Make Substitutes ImpossibleC. The Language We Use Depends on NetworksD. Policy-making Is Subject to Public OpinionsSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Einstein's Opinions on Creative Thinking"The greatest scientists are artists as well," said Albert Einstein, one of the greatest physicists and an amateur pianist and violinist.For Einstein, insight did not come from logic or mathematics. ___67___ As he told one friend, "When Iexamine myself and my methods of thought. I find that the gift of imagination has meant more to me than any talent for absorbing absolute knowledge. All great achievements of science must start from intuitive knowledge. Imagination is more important than knowledge.But how did art differ from science for Einstein? Surprisingly, it wasn't the content of an idea, or its subject, that determined whether something was art or science, but how the idea was expressed. If what is seen and experienced is described in the language of logic, then it is science. If it is communicated and recognized intuitively, then it is art. ___68___ That's why he said that great scientists were also artists. Einstein first described his intuitive thought processes at a physics conference in Kyoto in 1922 when he indicated that he used images and feelings to solve his problems and found words, logical symbols or mathematical equations later.____69____ "If I were not a physicist," he once said, "I would probably be a musician. I often think in music and I see my life in terms of music. I get most joy in life out of music. Whenever I feel that I have come to the end of the road or into a difficult situation in my work. I would bury myself in music, and that would usually solve all my difficulties."Music provided Einstein with a connection between time and space which both combine spatial and structural aspects. "The theory of relativity occurred to me my intuition and music is the driving force behind this intuition", said Einstein. "My parents had me study the violin from the time I was six. ____70____. "IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Should You Disinfect Your Online Shopping?People who are self-isolating are increasingly relying on grocery deliveries. This raises a new worry: whether delivered goods carry the new coronavirus. Research suggests it can spread via particles in the air, but also via surfaces. How long can the virus survive and how can we protect ourselves?COVID-19 is a respiratory（呼吸道的）illness and is largely transmitted via drops in the air from coughing or sneezing, says John Lednicky at the University of Florida. The new virus has also been found to persist on surfaces.A team led by Vincent Munster at the US National Institute of persist on surfaces. A team led by Vincent Munster at the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in Montana found it may survive on plastic and stainless steel for up to 72 hours.But other research suggests the coronaviruses that cause SARS and MERS can persist on metal, glass and plastic for up to nine days. Research by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggested that traces of the new coronavirus could be on surfaces for even longer; its RNA was detected in cabins of people who had vacated the Diamond Princess cruise ship 17 days earlier, including those without symptoms.This doesn't necessarily mean these virus particles could still infect other people, says Lednicky. How long virus particles remain active depends on various factors. Those coughed or sneezed out may be covered in a layer of mucus （黏液）that helps them survive longer. Surface survival may also be affected by UV light, which can destroy the ability of some viruses to reinfect us. Heat and higher humidity can also inactivate viruses.Is it worth trying to disinfect your shopping? Lednicky doesn't think so. Most household cleaning products won't kill coronaviruses, he says. Even if you use one that does, you're unlikely to be able to clean every nook and cranny of, for example, a bunch of grapes. It is more practical to practise social distancing and good personal hygiene, he says.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 这事他越想越不对劲。
列车发生火灾应急处置演练流程
列车发生火灾应急处置演练流程1.火灾发生时，列车乘务员立即向车上乘客宣布紧急情况，并指导如何疏散。
When a fire occurs, train attendants immediately announce the emergency to the passengers, and instruct them on how to evacuate.2.乘务员告知乘客火灾发生位置，并指示乘客按照紧急疏散路线有序离开列车。
The attendants inform the passengers of the location ofthe fire and instruct them to leave the train in an orderly manner along the emergency evacuation routes.3.乘务员协助弱势乘客疏散，并确保所有乘客都能够迅速离开列车。
The attendants assist vulnerable passengers in evacuating, and ensure that all passengers can quickly leave the train.4.列车乘务员及时向列车驾驶员报告火灾情况，并协助驾驶员进行列车疏散。
The train attendants promptly report the fire situation to the train driver and assist the driver in evacuating the train.5.驾驶员通知列车调度中心并请求紧急救援，同时采取适当措施防止火势蔓延。
The driver notifies the train dispatch center and requests emergency rescue, while taking appropriate measures to prevent the spread of the fire.6.调度中心立即向消防队伍发出警报，响应火灾紧急救援。
脑卒中急救
对脑卒中患者应观察心脏情况，常规检查心电图。有严 重的心律失常，心衰或心脏缺血时应及时进行处理，请心 脏科医生会诊。 3、血压调控（后述）
注意: • 脑卒中的体征和症状可以很轻微的 • 脑卒中病人否认或用各种理由辩解他们的症状 • 一旦认为可能脑卒中,立即呼救
急性脑卒中的急诊救治
2005-2010 AHA 心肺复苏与心血管急救指南
2. 严格的EMS评估和及时作出反应
• 开放气道，循环和呼吸支持；必要时给氧 • 进行院前脑卒中评估(推荐2种量表) • 确认患者尚属正常的最后时间 • 运送：根据患者情况将其送往适合的具备卒中单
(其他体征，如旋前肌下垂也有助判断) ●异常—一侧上肢不能抬举动或一侧上肢比对侧缓缓下垂 言语异常(请患者说“你不能教一只老狗新戏法”) ●正常—患者言语流利而且用词准确 ●异常—患者吐词不清，用词错误，或不能言语
说明：3项中任一项异常，脑卒中的可能性为72％
关于急性脑卒中的急诊处理
20052010 AHA 心肺复苏与心血管急救指南
元的中心，带目击者，家属或保姆随行 • 预先通知接诊医院 • 在可能的情况下检测血糖
***第1，2步应在10分钟内完成
关于急性脑卒中的急诊处理
2005-2010 AHA 心肺复苏与心血管急救指南
表 1 Cincinnati 院前脑卒中计分
面瘫(请病人呲牙或微笑) ●正常—两侧面部运动对称 ●异常—一侧面部运动不如对侧好 上肢下垂(患者闭眼后向前伸直10秒) ●正常—双上肢运动等同或双上肢平举完全不动
Door: Appropriate triage to stroke center 进门：选择适当的卒中中心