英语句子成分图解读
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英语句子成分及结构解析ppt课件
Thank you !
（二）．谓语
谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一 般在主语之后。谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助 动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成。 1．由简单的动词构成。 2．由动词短语构成的谓语。 3．英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词， 表生动。这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的 动词have, get, take, give 等。如： 注意：谓语动词要与主语的人称和数一致。
第一种：S+V (主语+谓语动词)
第二种：S+V+O (主语+谓语动词+宾语)
第三种：S+V+P (主语+连系动词+表语)
第四种：S+V+InO+DO (主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)
第五种：S+V+O+OC (主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语)
1 、第一种句型：主语+不及物动词(S+V) 该句型所用动词都是不及物动词，其后当
play 演奏 order 命令
sing 唱歌 pay 为……而付钱
简单句的五种基本句型口诀
英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。句型种类为动词，后
接什么是关键；vt.又可分三类，单宾双宾最常见；还有宾
语补足语，各种搭配记心间。
5 第五种句型：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补 语 (S+V(及物动词)+O+OC)
（八）．状语
1、状语（adverbial）是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句 的句子成分。。如：
The girl is improving remarkably. 这个女孩大有进步。 2．可用作状语的有副词、名词、代词、数词、形容词、
英语句子成分和结构.ppt
4. He noticed a man enter the room. (主谓宾+宾补)
5. I have a lot work to do. (主谓宾+宾补)
6. He went to London yesterday. (主谓宾)
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Many thanks!
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★主语一般在句首。
Walls have ears. 名词 He will take you to the hospital. 代词
Three plus four equals seven. 数词 Smoking is not allowed in public places. 动名词 To teach them English is my job. 不定式 →It is my job to teach them English. ★不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it句型
The boy you will know is Tom. 从句
Tom’s father didn’t come home yesterday night.
所有格
I met a friend on my way home. 副词
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六.状语 The Adverbial
用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，说明方式、因果、条件、时间 、地点、让步、方向、程度、频率、目的等.
和系动词一起构成谓语。一般在系动词后
面，用来说明主语的性质，特征，状态等. E.g. My father is a professor. 名词 Everybody is here. 代词 Three times five is fifteen.数词 My new computer is expensive.形容词 His plan is to seek work in the city. to do不定式
5. I have a lot work to do. (主谓宾+宾补)
6. He went to London yesterday. (主谓宾)
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Many thanks!
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★主语一般在句首。
Walls have ears. 名词 He will take you to the hospital. 代词
Three plus four equals seven. 数词 Smoking is not allowed in public places. 动名词 To teach them English is my job. 不定式 →It is my job to teach them English. ★不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it句型
The boy you will know is Tom. 从句
Tom’s father didn’t come home yesterday night.
所有格
I met a friend on my way home. 副词
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六.状语 The Adverbial
用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，说明方式、因果、条件、时间 、地点、让步、方向、程度、频率、目的等.
和系动词一起构成谓语。一般在系动词后
面，用来说明主语的性质，特征，状态等. E.g. My father is a professor. 名词 Everybody is here. 代词 Three times five is fifteen.数词 My new computer is expensive.形容词 His plan is to seek work in the city. to do不定式
英语句子成分分析PPT课件
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Tips
①单词作定语时一般放在被修饰的名词前面，而且有一定的次序。 冠词/物主代词+大小+形状+新旧+色彩+国家/来源+材料/目的 好大方的舅舅严国财 ②时间副词（now,then,today,yesterday..）地点副词（here，there， back,in,out,hom）作定语时放在被修饰的名词后面。
如： Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子们请保持键盘的清洁)
.
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（8）主谓一致（单复数保持一 致）
如：
Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都没有通过考试)
The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people. (中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族)
He does not feel like eating anything today.
(他今天不想吃认可东西) .
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Tips
①表语只能放在连系动词（look，be,become,turn,get,grow,feel,seem） 之后。
②只能做表语的形容词sorry afraid,alone,asleep,awake,ill,well,sure,interested
.
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谓语（predicate）
表示主语的行为或进行的动作。
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1)由实意动词充当
如：
He travelled in space for thr first time. (他首次在太空旅行)
Who teaches you English this year? (今年谁教你们英语？)
英语句子成分讲解之主谓宾表语(共14张PPT).ppt
找出下列句中的表语
1. I am a teacher. 2. They are on the playground. 3. My job is teaching English. 4. It gets cold. 5. It sounds interesting.
常见的系动词有be 动词,还有get ,become, turn, grow 等表 “变得”的词, 和感观动词sound, look, smell等。
? He gave me some books.
↓
↓
间接 直接
宾语 宾语
●Please pass me the book. ●He bought his friend some flowers.
找出句中的宾语
1. We often help him. 2. He likes to play basketball. 3. We enjoy listening to the music. 4. She said that he felt sick. 5. The story is about Mo Yan.
2. She went out in a hurry.
（代词）
3. Four plus four is eight.
（数词）
4. To see is to believe.
（动词不定式）
5. Smoking is bad for health.
（动名词）
6. The young should respect the old. （the+形容词）
4. They sent the injured to hospital.
(the+形容词)
5. They asked to leave.
英语句子结构树状图
英语句子结构树状图英语的基本成分有六种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）和状语（adverbial）.英语句子成分中，有些具有形态标志.如第一人称代词作主语就用主格“I”，作宾语用宾格“me”，作定语用所有格“my”.这些形态变化对分析辨认成分汉语与英语就句子成分表面上看来差不多，实际上有不少差别.例如：（1） Xiao Li went to bed as soon as he came home.小李回家后，立刻就睡觉了.（2） I'll go when I have had my dinner.我吃了饭就去.在英语中，同一个主语在第二次出现时不能省略，必须把每个谓语所陈述的对象都表示出来.而在汉语中，同一个主语在句中第二次出现时，就可以省略.如例（1）中，汉语说“小李回家后立刻就睡觉了”，省去了第二个分句的主语，倒可以避免造成误解.若将第二次出现的主语补出来，说成“小李回家后，他立刻就睡觉了”.听的人反而可能把那个“他”误会成另一个人.英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：S+V （主+谓）基本句型二：S+V+P （主+谓+表）基本句型三：S+V+O （主+谓+宾）基本句型四：S+V+o+O （主+谓+间宾+直宾）基本句型五：S+V+O+C （主+谓+宾+宾补） 4 追问：那主系表结构呢回答：是主系表结构中的副词啊.\x0d一.何谓主系表结构：所谓主系表结构就是英语句子中的主要成分是主语、系动词和表语.\x0dLi Lei is a Chineseboy.( Li Lei 是名词，作主语.)\x0dHe is from England.( He 是代词，作主语.)\x0dFeeding the birds is my hobby.(“ Feeding the birds ”是动名词短语，作主语.)\x0dWhat she said is right.(“ What she said ”是从句，作主语.)\x0d2.系动词（ Link verb ）：系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和句子中的表语一起构成谓语.简单地说，将主语和表语联系在一起，并构成一个完整句子的动词就叫做系动词.目前学到的系动词有 be ,feel ,look ,sound ,taste ,smell 等.例如：\x0dThis flower is beautiful.\x0dI felt very tired.\x0dYou look worried.\x0dIt tastes delicious.\x0d3.表语（ Predicative ）：表语是用来说明主语的身份、特征或状态的.它又叫作主语补足语.表语位于系动词之后，主要由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、分词（短语）或动名词（短语）等来充当.例如：\x0dI am fine .( fine 是形容词，作表语)\x0dHe is a boy .( boy 是名词，作表语)\x0dFive plus two isseven .( seven 是数词，作表语)\x0d是主系表结构中的副词啊.。
英语句子成分分析(共19张PPT)
定语后置：
如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。 而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置
The beautiful girl is his sister. The girl in red is his sister. We have a lot of work to do. The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. Do you know the man who spoke just now?
系动词
1）状态系动词（be动词） 例如： He is a teacher. （is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。） 2）持续系动词 keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand 例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 3）表像系动词 seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
㈠主语（subject）
句子说明的人或事物
• • • • • • • Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry. （代词） Four plus four is eight. （数词） To see is to believe. （不定式） Smoking is bad for health. （动名词） The young should respect the old. （名词化的形容词） What he has said is true.（句子）
找出句中主语
The sun rises in the east. （名词） Twenty years is a short time in history. （数词） The poor are now living in the shelter. (名词化的形容词） Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） He likes dancing. （代词） What he needs is a book. （句子） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
英语句子成分图
连接成分
连接成分实际上是一个连词， 连接成分实际上是一个连词，用来连接两个或几个平行的 短语和分句。 词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做并列连词。
另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于 另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、 另一个句子（即从句）的连词。 另一个句子（即从句）的连词。这类连词叫从属连词。从 属连词主要用于引导各种从句。 属连词主要用于引导各种从句。
状 语
John often came to chat with me． John likes oranges very much． Whenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angry． Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. As he was ill, he didn’t come to class yesterday. She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. My father worked in this school ten years ago. You’d better stay here.
主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、 宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分 基本句子成分。 基本句子成分 完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分，至多4个基本成分。
Noun / Pronoun / The + adj V-ing / Clause / Infinitive Vi
宾语 noun 谓 宾语(直) 宾语(间) adj. / adv. Vt 语 宾语 宾补 infinitive V-ing 表语 V-l V-ed noun etc. Noun / Pronoun pronoun The + adj adj. / adv. be / feel / seem / look V-ing / Clause infinitive appear / stand / lie Infinitive V-ing / V-ed become /get / grow / turn clause go / come / remain/ keep etc. taste / smell etc.
英语句子成分讲解清晰版
七）宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了 要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能 使句子的意义完整。 1. They elected me captain of the team. 名词 2. We try to make our country strong. 形容词 3. We found everything in good order there. 介词短语 4. I should advise you to get the chance. to do 不定式 5. I saw him going upstairs. 现在分词 doing 6. They found the house broken in. done 过去分词
（四）宾语 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。 动词/动词短语 介词 词后也 宾语一般放在___________ 之后。_____ 会跟宾语。 1. She covered her face with her hands. 名词 n 2. We haven't seen her for a long time. 代词 pron 3. Do you mind opening the window? 动名词 4. Give me four please. 代词和数词 5. He wants to dream a nice dream. to do不定式 6. We need know what others are doing. 句子 7. We should care more about our friends.
宾语和宾语补足语一起构成动词的
复合结构
八）主语补足语 如果上述结构变成被动语 态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地 变为主语补足语 1. I was elected captain of the team. 2. Our country will be made strong. 与宾语补足语一样
英语句子成分详细讲解课件(共34张)
on the left. • ⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school. • ⑩ They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.
• (四) 挑出下列句中的表语
• ① The old man was feeling very tired. • ② Why is he worried about Jim? • ③ The leaves have turned yellow. • ④ Soon They all became interested in the
花了很长时间他才熟悉通往鸟巢形的体育馆的路。
It took him quite a little time to get familiar with the routes l_e_a_d_in_g_ to the nest-shaped stadium.
定语
• He is a clever boy. (形容词) • They are building a stone bridge. (名词) • There are 54 students in our class. (数词) • Do you known Betty’s sister? (名词的所有格) • He bought some sleeping pills. (动名词) • There is a sleeping baby in bed. (现在分词) • His spoken language is good. (过去分词) • I met a friend on my way home. (副词)
那个男孩从树上掉下来了，头撞到地上了．
• (四) 挑出下列句中的表语
• ① The old man was feeling very tired. • ② Why is he worried about Jim? • ③ The leaves have turned yellow. • ④ Soon They all became interested in the
花了很长时间他才熟悉通往鸟巢形的体育馆的路。
It took him quite a little time to get familiar with the routes l_e_a_d_in_g_ to the nest-shaped stadium.
定语
• He is a clever boy. (形容词) • They are building a stone bridge. (名词) • There are 54 students in our class. (数词) • Do you known Betty’s sister? (名词的所有格) • He bought some sleeping pills. (动名词) • There is a sleeping baby in bed. (现在分词) • His spoken language is good. (过去分词) • I met a friend on my way home. (副词)
那个男孩从树上掉下来了，头撞到地上了．
英语句子成分讲解简单版
谓语 宾语 表语
定语 状语
用来修饰名词或代词 修饰动词，形容词，副词，表 示动作发生的时间，地点，原 因，目的，方式，结果等
逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系
形，代，数，名, 副，介词短语或句子 副词，介词短语或句 子
形容词，名词，介词 短语等
We have eight lessons every day. He works very hard. They held a party in Hollywood.
1. The boss employed five more workers. 主语 谓语 宾语 1. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. 2. Few students like taking exams. 3. He forgot to close the door. 4. I hope I can speak English fluently.
介词+名词
名 词.单词作定语时通常 （五）定语 是修饰___ 前 放在它所修饰的名词之_____ ；短语和从句作 后 定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_____ 。
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
They are woman workers. 名词 名词所有格 Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday. Mary is a beautiful girl. 形容词 adj The play has three acts. 数词 This is her first trip to Europe. 形容词 /序数词 /to do 不定式 China is a developing country. 现在分词 doing I have nothing to eat. to do 不定式 Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. 从句
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附属成分
基本成分的修饰语。可以是： • 定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句 • 状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、 短语或从句。
定语
Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearby． She likes oranges imported from the USA. John gave Mary many books，which are full of illustrations． Have you seen the book on the desk? The boy playing over there is my brother. People there like sports.
Infinitive
appear / stand / lie
become /get / grow / turn
go / come / remain/ keep
taste / smell etc.
pronoun adj. / adv. infinitive V-ing / V-ed
clause etc.
英语句子概论
英语句子概论
• 基本成分 • 附属成分 • 独立成分 • 省略成分 • 连接成分
• 简单句 • 并列句 • 复合句
简单句的五种基本句型
• 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 （ S + Vi ） • 主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语 ( S + Vt + O) • 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表 (S + LV + predicative) • 主语＋双宾动词+间宾+直宾(S +Vt +O.indir+O. dir) • 主语 ＋ 宾补动词 ＋宾语 ＋宾语补语
The + adj
V-ing / Clause / Infinitive
Vi
主 语
谓 语
Vt
宾语
宾语(直)
宾语(间)
noun adj. / adv.
宾语 宾补
ied
Noun / Pronoun
noun etc.
The + adj
V-ing / Clause be / feel / seem / look
状语
John often came to chat with me． John likes oranges very much． Whenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angry． Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. As he was ill, he didn’t come to class yesterday. She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. My father worked in this school ten years ago. You’d better stay here.
简单句只有一个限定动词（即只有一个主谓结 构），它是最小的句子单位。主要起下列四种 作用中的一种。 • 作一种陈述 • 提出一个问题 • 发出一种命令或请求 • 表示一种感叹 Examples:
The boy hit the dog. / The dog bit the boy.
The girl read the books. / The books pleased the girl.
句中被省略的成分，虽然未说出来，却在句中表示 一定的意思：
（You） Come here． （I wish you）Good luck！ Some gave him praises，but others（gave him）rotten
eggs． He runs as fast as, if ( he does ) not ( run ) faster, than you. ( I ) Hope you like it. John should clean the room today and Peter ( should clean it ) tomorrow.
独立成分
句中可以去掉的成分，去掉后不影响句子的完整性。 这种成分和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。
Examples:
Oh！What is that！（惊叹词） He has，alas，failed again． Come here，John．（呼语） Roll on，Ocean，roll on．
省略成分
Stephen apologized at once.
Does the shop close at 7 tonight?
简单句基本句型实例
主语 ＋ 不及物动词 She came．/ My head aches. 主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋ 宾语
She likes English. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 主语补语 She is happy． 主语 ＋ 双宾动词 ＋ 间接宾语 ＋ 直接宾语 She gave John a book． She bought a book for me. 主语 ＋ 宾补动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry． The teacher asked me to read the passage. There +be There lies a book on the desk.
连接成分
连接成分实际上是一个连词，用来连接两个或几个平行的
词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做并列连词。
另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于
另一个句子（即从句）的连词。这类连词叫从属连词。从
属连词主要用于引导各种从句。
一个完整的句子（主句或从句）必须包含2个到4个基本成 分，此外，如果意思上有需要，还可包含一个或更多其他 的句子成分。
• (S + Vt. + O + O. compl)
•There + be / stand/ lie / live...
主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、 宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分。 完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分，至多4个基本成分。
Noun / Pronoun /