英语句子成分图解读
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2019年英语句子成分划分详解.ppt
• 1.名词作主语。 • A tree has fallen across the road. 一棵树倒下 横在路上。 • Little streams feed big rivers. 小河流入大江。 • 2.代词用作主语。 • You’re not far wrong. 你差不多对了 • He told a joke but it fell flat. 他说了个笑话, 但没有引人发笑 • 3.数词用作主语。 • Three is enough. 三个就够了。 • Four from seven leaves three. 7减4余3。 • 4.名词化的形容词用作主语。 • The idle are forced to work. 懒汉被迫劳动。 • Old and young marched side by side. 老少并肩 而行。
2),复合谓语:情态动词+不定式
• I can speak a little English. 我 可以说一点英语。 • I am reading. 我在看书。 • What’s been keeping you all this time?这半天你在干什么来着? • You can do it if you try hard. 你 努力就可以做到。
• 1.形容词用作定语是大量的。 • She is a natural musician. 她是一位天生的 音乐家。 • He must be the best violinist alive. 他一定是最 好的在世的小提琴手了。(后置定语) • 2. 名词用作定语。 • A baby girl 女婴 • well water 井水 • Sports car 双座轻型汽车 • A fool’s paradise 梦幻的天堂
英语语法句子成分思维导图
表距离的地方副词
完全:一定要宾语意思才完整
及物
不完全:加了宾语意思也不完整,需要加!! 补 语!! 完整意思:He made mary +补语(如 cry)
多个意思,既可以是及物也可以是不及物
完全:不需要宾语意思就完整,可用副词或可充 当副词的对等语(介词短语、状语从句)修饰
动词 verb:单独形成句子则构成祈使句 否定祈使句:原型+don't
名词性从句功能
作主语(也可以用 It 代替,从句放到句尾)
作宾语
作及物动词宾语 作介词(preposition)宾语
名词
代词
动名词或不定式
动名词:表已知有经验 -ing 不定式:表意愿,to-
that
whether:由可由yes/no回答的一般疑问句变化而来的从句
主语subject
名词性从句
注意:who what which为疑问代词时,若作主 语,变从句时结构不变
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
地方副词 She is there 地方副词短语 They are at home now
become turn
都是变成,但become限制少,turn只要用于形 容词颜色或情绪
get seem
不能用不定式短语作表语 to be 可以省略
感官动词
look
英语句子成分图
状 语
John often came to chat with me.
John likes oranges very much.
Whenever he gets drunk,John makes Mary very angry.
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.
主语、动词(不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、 宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分。
完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分,至多4个基本成分。
Vi
宾语
主 语
谓 语
Vt V-l
宾语(直) 宾语(间) 宾语 宾补
表语
简单句基本句型实例
主语 + 不及物动词 She came./ My head aches. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 She likes English. 主语 + 系动词 + 主语补语 She is happy. 主语 + 双宾动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 She gave John a book. She bought a book for me. 主语 + 宾补动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry. The teacher asked me to read the passage. There +be There lies a book on the desk.
英语句子成分图
用并列连词(如and、but、so、yet等) We fished all day, but (we) didn’t catch a thing.
现在您浏览到是十六页,共三十一页。
并 列
常用并列连词
句 coordinating conjunctions
• 平行并列连词: • 转折并列连词:
and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor, and then
Infinitive
appear / stand / lie
become /get / grow / turn
go / come / remain/ keep
现在您浏览到是四页,共三十一页。
taste / smell etc.
noun etc. pronoun adj. / adv. infinitive V-ing / V-ed
现在您浏览到是七页,共三十一页。
独立成分
句中可以去掉的成分,去掉后不影响句子的完整性。这种成 分和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。
现在您浏览到是八页,共三十一页。
Examples:
Oh!What is that!(惊叹词) He has,alas,failed again. Come here,John.(呼语)
Does the shop close at 7 tonight?
英语句子成分及五大基本句型思维导图
句子成分及句型
1句子成分1.1主语
1.2宾语
1.3表语
1.4补语
1.5谓语
1.6定语
1.7状语
2句子种类2.1用途
2.1.1陈述句2.1.2疑问句2.1.3感叹句2.1.4祈使句2.2结构
2.2.1简单句
五大基本句型
S+V
S+V+P
S+V+O
S+V+IO+DO
S+V+O+C
2.2.2并列句
2.2.3主从复合句名词性从句
主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
定语从句
限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句状语从句
时间
地点
条件
原因
结果
让步
比较
方式
目的
英语句子成分图
I bought a rain coat with a warm lining. The dog jumped through the window. He is saving up to buy a mobile phone. A bright little boy with rosy cheeks put three bottles of milk quietly on my doorstep before seven o’clock. He worked like a madman in the garden on Saturday. The young girl with long black hair seems to be very happy.
状 语
John often came to chat with me. John likes oranges very much. Whenever he gets drunk,John makes Mary very angry. Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. As he was ill, he didn’t come to class yesterday. She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. My father worked in this school ten years ago. You’d better stay here.
状 语
John often came to chat with me. John likes oranges very much. Whenever he gets drunk,John makes Mary very angry. Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. As he was ill, he didn’t come to class yesterday. She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. My father worked in this school ten years ago. You’d better stay here.
英语词类与句子成分关系图
英语词类与句子成分关系图:
句子成分词类或短语主语* 谓语宾语* 表语* 定语* 状语*
宾语
补足语
名词√√√×√√√√√√×√代词√√√×√√√√√√√××形容词×××√√√√√√×√√数词√×√√√√√×√副词×××√√√√√√介词短语×××√√√√√√
动词
时态语态形式×√√√×××××
动词不定式√√×√√√√√√√√√动名词√√×√√√√√××
动词现在分词×××√√√√√√√动词过去分词×××√√√√√√
[注释]
1、“√”表示某种词类可以充当某个成分, “√√”表示某种词类经常充当某个成分, “√√√”
表示某种词类最经常充当某个成分。“×”表示某种词类不能充当某个成分。
2、“ * ”表示该成分可以由从句充当,如主语从句、宾语从句、状语从句等。英语词类与句子成分关系图:
句子成分词类或短语主语* 谓语宾语* 表语* 定语* 状语*
宾语
补足语
名词
代词
形容词数词
副词
介词短语
动词时态语态形式动词不定式动名词
动词现在分词动词过去分词
《英语句子成分》优秀课件PPT课件
Predicative:跟在连系动词后面的 词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份, 特征,状态.
1.Our teacher of English is an American. (名词)
2.Is it yours? (代词)
3.The weather has turned cold. (形容词)
4.The speech is exciting. (分词)
• A. its
B. it
• C. that
D. that is
• ( ) 9. The dog ____ mad.
• A. looks
B. is looked
• C. is being looked D. was looked
• ( )10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.
great care. (方式状语)
• She came in with a dictionary in her hand. (伴随状语)
6.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder(. 目的状语)
7.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. (结果状语)
• A. that
1.Our teacher of English is an American. (名词)
2.Is it yours? (代词)
3.The weather has turned cold. (形容词)
4.The speech is exciting. (分词)
• A. its
B. it
• C. that
D. that is
• ( ) 9. The dog ____ mad.
• A. looks
B. is looked
• C. is being looked D. was looked
• ( )10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.
great care. (方式状语)
• She came in with a dictionary in her hand. (伴随状语)
6.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder(. 目的状语)
7.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. (结果状语)
• A. that
英语句子成分图
连接成分
连接成分实际上是一个连词, 连接成分实际上是一个连词,用来连接两个或几个平行的 短语和分句。 词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做并列连词。
另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于 另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、 另一个句子(即从句)的连词。 另一个句子(即从句)的连词。这类连词叫从属连词。从 属连词主要用于引导各种从句。 属连词主要用于引导各种从句。
省略成分
句中被省略的成分,虽然未说出来, 句中被省略的成分,虽然未说出来,却在句中表示 一定的意思: 一定的意思:
(You) Come here. (I wish you)Good luck!
Some gave him praises,but others(gave him)rotten eggs. He runs as fast as, if ( he does ) not ( run ) faster, than you. ( I ) Hope you like it. John should clean the room today and Peter ( should clean it ) tomorrow.
I bought a rain coat with a warm lining. The dog jumped through the window. He is saving up to buy a mobile phone. A bright little boy with rosy cheeks put three bottles of milk quietly on my doorstep before seven o’clock. He worked like a madman in the garden on Saturday. The young girl with long black hair seems to be very happy.
英语句子成分思维导图
注:为句子主干成分,为修饰成分限定做宾语或表语的名词
限定主语修饰动词大多在动词后(只频度副词在动词前),修饰
形容词、或副ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้放在其前
放在宾语后补充说明宾语是什么、怎么样或做什么
解释主语解释做宾语或表语的名词可在句中任意位置
限定主语修饰动词大多在动词后(只频度副词在动词前),修饰
形容词、或副ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้放在其前
放在宾语后补充说明宾语是什么、怎么样或做什么
解释主语解释做宾语或表语的名词可在句中任意位置
英语句子成分图
并 列 句
常用并列连词 coordinating conjunctions
and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor, and then but, however, while, yet for, so
• 平行并列连词: • 转折并列连词: • 因果并列连词:
简单句只有一个限定动词(即只有一个主谓结 构),它是最小的句子单位。主要起下列四种 作用中的一种。 • 作一种陈述 • 提出一个问题 • 发出一种命令或请求 • 表示一种感叹 Examples: The boy hit the dog. / The dog bit the boy. The girl read the books. / The books pleased the girl. Stephen apologized at once. Does the shop close at 7 tonight? Shut the door. What a slow train this is!
简单句的基本词序
主语 动词部分 (谓语) 宾语 状语 方式 地点 时间
I
bought
a hat
home.
yesterday.
The children ran
The taxi driver shouted at me
We The car ate stopped our meal
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英语句子概论
英语句子概论
• 基本成分 • 附属成分 • 独立成分 • 省略成分 • 连接成分
• 简单句 • 并列句 • 复合句
简单句的五种基本句型
• 主语 + 不及物动词 ( S + Vi ) • 主语 + 及物动词 +宾语 ( S + Vt + O) • 主语 + 系动词 + 表 (S + LV + predicative) • 主语+双宾动词+间宾+直宾(S +Vt +O.indir+O. dir) • 主语 + 宾补动词 +宾语 +宾语补语
句中被省略的成分,虽然未说出来,却在句中表示 一定的意思:
(You) Come here. (I wish you)Good luck! Some gave him praises,but others(gave him)rotten
eggs. He runs as fast as, if ( he does ) not ( run ) faster, than you. ( I ) Hope you like it. John should clean the room today and Peter ( should clean it ) tomorrow.
Infinitive
appear / stand / lie
become /get / grow / turn
go / come / remain/ keep
taste / smell etc.
pronoun adj. / adv. infinitive V-ing / V-ed
clause etc.
The + adj
V-ing / Clause / Infinitive
Vi
主 语
谓 语
Vt
宾语
宾语(直)
宾语(间)
noun adj. / adv.
宾语 宾补
infinitive
V-l
表语
V-ing V-ed
Noun / Pronoun
noun etc.
The + adj
V-ing / Clause be / feel / seem / look
简单句基本句型实例
主语 + 不及物动词 She came./ My head aches. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语
She likes English. 主语 + 系动词 + 主语补语 She is happy. 主语 + 双宾动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 She gave John a book. She bought a book for me. 主语 + 宾补动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry. The teacher asked me to read the passage. There +be There lies a book on the desk.
• (S + Vt. + O + O. compl)
•There + be / stand/ lie / live...
主语、动词(不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、 宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分。 完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分,至多4个基本成分。
Noun / Pronoun /Biblioteka Baidu
连接成分
连接成分实际上是一个连词,用来连接两个或几个平行的
词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做并列连词。
另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于
另一个句子(即从句)的连词。这类连词叫从属连词。从
属连词主要用于引导各种从句。
一个完整的句子(主句或从句)必须包含2个到4个基本成 分,此外,如果意思上有需要,还可包含一个或更多其他 的句子成分。
附属成分
基本成分的修饰语。可以是: • 定语:即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句 • 状语:即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、 短语或从句。
定语
Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearby. She likes oranges imported from the USA. John gave Mary many books,which are full of illustrations. Have you seen the book on the desk? The boy playing over there is my brother. People there like sports.
独立成分
句中可以去掉的成分,去掉后不影响句子的完整性。 这种成分和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。
Examples:
Oh!What is that!(惊叹词) He has,alas,failed again. Come here,John.(呼语) Roll on,Ocean,roll on.
省略成分
状语
John often came to chat with me. John likes oranges very much. Whenever he gets drunk,John makes Mary very angry. Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. As he was ill, he didn’t come to class yesterday. She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. My father worked in this school ten years ago. You’d better stay here.
简单句只有一个限定动词(即只有一个主谓结 构),它是最小的句子单位。主要起下列四种 作用中的一种。 • 作一种陈述 • 提出一个问题 • 发出一种命令或请求 • 表示一种感叹 Examples:
The boy hit the dog. / The dog bit the boy.
The girl read the books. / The books pleased the girl.
Stephen apologized at once.
Does the shop close at 7 tonight?
英语句子概论
• 基本成分 • 附属成分 • 独立成分 • 省略成分 • 连接成分
• 简单句 • 并列句 • 复合句
简单句的五种基本句型
• 主语 + 不及物动词 ( S + Vi ) • 主语 + 及物动词 +宾语 ( S + Vt + O) • 主语 + 系动词 + 表 (S + LV + predicative) • 主语+双宾动词+间宾+直宾(S +Vt +O.indir+O. dir) • 主语 + 宾补动词 +宾语 +宾语补语
句中被省略的成分,虽然未说出来,却在句中表示 一定的意思:
(You) Come here. (I wish you)Good luck! Some gave him praises,but others(gave him)rotten
eggs. He runs as fast as, if ( he does ) not ( run ) faster, than you. ( I ) Hope you like it. John should clean the room today and Peter ( should clean it ) tomorrow.
Infinitive
appear / stand / lie
become /get / grow / turn
go / come / remain/ keep
taste / smell etc.
pronoun adj. / adv. infinitive V-ing / V-ed
clause etc.
The + adj
V-ing / Clause / Infinitive
Vi
主 语
谓 语
Vt
宾语
宾语(直)
宾语(间)
noun adj. / adv.
宾语 宾补
infinitive
V-l
表语
V-ing V-ed
Noun / Pronoun
noun etc.
The + adj
V-ing / Clause be / feel / seem / look
简单句基本句型实例
主语 + 不及物动词 She came./ My head aches. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语
She likes English. 主语 + 系动词 + 主语补语 She is happy. 主语 + 双宾动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 She gave John a book. She bought a book for me. 主语 + 宾补动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry. The teacher asked me to read the passage. There +be There lies a book on the desk.
• (S + Vt. + O + O. compl)
•There + be / stand/ lie / live...
主语、动词(不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、 宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分。 完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分,至多4个基本成分。
Noun / Pronoun /Biblioteka Baidu
连接成分
连接成分实际上是一个连词,用来连接两个或几个平行的
词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做并列连词。
另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于
另一个句子(即从句)的连词。这类连词叫从属连词。从
属连词主要用于引导各种从句。
一个完整的句子(主句或从句)必须包含2个到4个基本成 分,此外,如果意思上有需要,还可包含一个或更多其他 的句子成分。
附属成分
基本成分的修饰语。可以是: • 定语:即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句 • 状语:即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、 短语或从句。
定语
Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearby. She likes oranges imported from the USA. John gave Mary many books,which are full of illustrations. Have you seen the book on the desk? The boy playing over there is my brother. People there like sports.
独立成分
句中可以去掉的成分,去掉后不影响句子的完整性。 这种成分和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。
Examples:
Oh!What is that!(惊叹词) He has,alas,failed again. Come here,John.(呼语) Roll on,Ocean,roll on.
省略成分
状语
John often came to chat with me. John likes oranges very much. Whenever he gets drunk,John makes Mary very angry. Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. As he was ill, he didn’t come to class yesterday. She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. My father worked in this school ten years ago. You’d better stay here.
简单句只有一个限定动词(即只有一个主谓结 构),它是最小的句子单位。主要起下列四种 作用中的一种。 • 作一种陈述 • 提出一个问题 • 发出一种命令或请求 • 表示一种感叹 Examples:
The boy hit the dog. / The dog bit the boy.
The girl read the books. / The books pleased the girl.
Stephen apologized at once.
Does the shop close at 7 tonight?