spring

合集下载

Spring简介

Spring简介什么是Spring?spring是分层的avaSE以及javaEE应⽤于全栈的轻量级开源框架，以IOC（Inverse Of Control）控制反转,AOP(Aspect Oriented Programing)⾯向切⾯编程为核⼼，提供表现层SpringMVC以及持久层Spring,并且可整合多种其他开源框架。

spring的本质是管理对象，包括创建对象及维护对象之间的关系。

spring的优点1)⽅便解耦，简化开发通过spring的IOC可将对象的创建，以及对象之间的依赖都交由spring容器来进⾏管理，这样可以降低程序之间的耦合。

并且开发时也只需关注上层的应⽤，不⽤再多关注底层的应⽤。

2）AOP编程的⽀持spring⽀持AOP⾯向切⾯编程，许多OOP⾯向对象编程不能或很难实现的功能，都可通过AOP轻松实现。

3）声明式事务的⽀持可以将我们从单调烦闷的事务管理中解放出来，通过声明式事务的⽅式，可以灵活的进⾏事务管理，进⽽提⾼开发的质量和效率。

4）⽅便程序的测试可以⽤⾮容器依赖的编程⽅式进⾏⼏乎所有的测试⼯作，测试不再是昂贵的操作，⽽是随⼿可做的事情。

5）⽅便集成各种优秀的框架Spring可以降低各种框架的使⽤难度，提供了对各种优秀框架（Struts、Hibernate、Hessian、Quartz等）的直接⽀持。

6）降低javaEE的API的使⽤难度Spring对 JavaEE API（如 JDBC、JavaMail、远程调⽤等）进⾏了薄薄的封装层，使这些API 的使⽤难度⼤为降低。

7)spring框架的源码是经典学习的案例Spring的源代码设计精妙、结构清晰、匠⼼独⽤，处处体现着⼤师对Java设计模式灵活运⽤以及对 Java技术的⾼深造诣。

它的源代码⽆疑是Java技术的最佳实践的范例。

通过Spring进⾏解耦什么叫程序的耦合？在程序中，对象之间相互依赖，相互传递数据，这种相互关联的程度越⾼，程序的耦合度就越⾼。

spring

轻量级与重量级概念的划分
经常会有同学问到spring属于轻量级框架,还是重量框架?其实划分一个应用是否属于轻量级还是重量级,主要看它使用了多少服务.使用的服务越多,容器要为普通java对象做的工作就越多,必然会影响到应用的发布时间或者是运行性能.
对于spring容器，它提供了很多服务，但这些服务并不是默认为应用打开的，应用需要某种服务，还需要指明使用该服务，如果应用使用的服务很少，如:只使用了spring核心服务，那么我们可以认为此时应用属于轻量级的，如果应用使用了spring提供的大部分服务，这时应用就属于重量级。目前EJB容器就因为它默认为应用提供了EJB规范中的所有功能,所以它属于重量级。
使用Spring,不再需要我们处理复杂的事务传播行为
使用Spring，我们只需要通过声明式的事务属性配置就可以轻松地实现这两种业务需求 1.要求Bean1.update()和Bean2.save()的在同一个事务中执行 2.要求不管Bean1.update() 的事务是否成功，都需要记录日志。 @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.Required) public void payment(){ Bean1.update();//更新金额 Bean2.save();//记录日志 }
使用dom4j读取spring配置文件
public class xxxClassPathXmlApplicationContext { private List<BeanDefinition> beanDefines = new ArrayList<BeanDefinition>(); public xxxApplicationContext(String filename){ init(filename); } private void init(String filename){ SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader(); Document document=null; try{ URL xmlpath = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(filename); document = saxReader.read(xmlpath); Map<String,String> nsMap = new HashMap<String,String>(); nsMap.put("ns","/schema/beans");//加入命名空间 XPath xsub = document.createXPath("//ns:beans/ns:bean");//创建beans/bean查询路径 xsub.setNamespaceURIs(nsMap);//设置命名空间 List<Element> beans = xsub.selectNodes(document);//获取文档下所有bean节点 for(Element element: beans){ String id = element.attributeValue("id");//获取id属性值 String clazz = element.attributeValue("class"); //获取class属性值 BeanDefinition beanDefine = new BeanDefinition(id, clazz); beanDefines.add(beanDefine); } }catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace();

spring英语作文10篇

在现实⽣活或⼯作学习中，许多⼈都写过作⽂吧，通过作⽂可以把我们那些零零散散的思想，聚集在⼀块。

你所见过的作⽂是什么样的呢？下⾯是店铺精⼼整理的spring英语作⽂10篇，供⼤家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

spring英语作⽂篇1 spring is no longer that shy girl in my memory, who came very late, hesitated in the distance, overwhelmed by shyness until i waved to her. then she would scurry happily nearer, stop feet away, waiting to be hugged. but here and now, she, at the sight of me, grabs my hands and pulls me into her arms before i know what＇s happening. so here i am, a boy accustomed to the drab and dry and dreary spring of the north, devouring the sweetness of a south it rained days ago and everything glistens with moisture.trees grow with new leaves of lively light green, not the dull and dusty color of winter. several cherries are in full blossom now, with flowers clustering and squeezing and squabbling on the twigs. what attract me most are the meadows, the greenish yellow meadows. sprawling on the meadows with grasses kissing my face, i can hear the rustling of leaves in the brisk breeze, the whispering and chuckling and bickering of birds, and the trotting, shuffling, tramping of people passing by. i can smell the refreshing fragrance that pervades the air,fragrance of flowering magnolias and growing grasses and moist soil. i inhale the fresh air as deeply as i can and the aroma in vades my whole being. also, i can see the fallen leaves of platanes wafting around like butterflies flying from one flower to another. once so high above on the treetops enduring the trials of bitter cold and blustering gale, they are so easily torn loose by a warm breeze.why? i cannot help thinking of our situation. we chinese defy any powerful enemy, but how come we have been so easily attacked by sars?spring英语作⽂篇2 spring comes with all its glories. the new grass exposes green color .the pretty flowers open their blossoms. we are tempted to go for an outing. last tuesday, the weather was fine. we went to the chimelong paradise. it took us about half an hour to get there by bus. what a beautiful city it is! there stand countless tall buildings. half an hour later, we entered the gate of chimelong paradise. we jumped with joy. we rode many rides there. we were very excited and tired, and quite out of breath. as long as you have courage, you can conquer any ride, no matter how dangerous it is. it was about half past four and we had rode all of the rides. we had to take a bus to go back to our school. what a nice day we had!spring英语作⽂篇3 The sun is shining, birds are chirping, flowers are blooming, and many college students are preparing themselves for an exotic trip where the beer flows like water and the term “bedtime”does not exist. It is called “Spring Break.” Students from around the globe make plans to do anything from sunbathing in LiaoCity,ShangDong to backpacking through HeNan. My question is this: “How do students pay for such an adventure?” The typical college student is portrayed as poor. Poor meaning that breakfast, lunch, and dinner may all include a 10-yuan package of Ramen Noodles. This also means sleeping in long johns and a tossle cap to avoid turning up the heat. Freezing does seem more sensible than paying the gas bill and where else can you find 3 yuan drinks other than a college bar? Some students work full or part-time jobs while in school, whereas others call mom and dad for funding. I hope I will have good Spring Break.spring英语作⽂篇4 Spring is the first season of a year . There are there months in spring : Morch , April and May , The weather is warm and windy . It rains a lot . The trees turn green and all the flowers are coming ont . In spring, I can wear my shirts . I often plant trees and go hiking . So I like spring very much . Of course , I like the Spring Festival , too . Spring two My favorite season is spring.Spring is the beginning of a year.It lasts from March to May.The weather gets warmer and warmer.Many things come back to life.The trees are green.The flowers come out.Lots of birds fly back.They often sing songs in the trees.The farmers begin to grow crops.It is a hopeful season.It is a good season for hiking.I like spring best.spring英语作⽂篇5 In spring, it's a charactizing a fine spring day, a season for revival. Winter in the past, connect with the footsteps of light spirit, quietly coming to us. Listen! Who is playing the music of "sand, sand"? Who is in the "call - call" sound? Turned out to be a voice! The book the bird why so happy? Why is the fish in the water is so lively? Must be because spring is coming, they are to celebrate it. In the spring, let me intoxicated. The mountain flowers airtime, butterflies attracted, as if to give the flowers put on colorful clothes; The grass of the earth is really naughty, could not help but put his head out, just like play games, when the scouts. My hometown is a piece of the awaken of spring is abundant, full of vitality, peach trees grew up, the pink flowers, just want to children that red face: cascade mountains green jade, green at the moment. At this moment, I really want to take camera filmed these beautiful scenery. In the spring, let me unforgettable. It is the most beautiful and the most beautiful in my mind! Because it always can touch my heart, let me in the future is full of wing.spring英语作⽂篇6 Many people like spring. I like it too. Spring is coming. It is a lovely season. The weather is warm and windy. In spring, plants begin to grow.The trees become green and the flowers give off fragrance.They are dancing softly in the wind. There are some beautiful butterflies and bees on them. Some people like going to the park for a picnic. They are happy.spring英语作⽂篇7 Spring is everywhere. In spring, trees and grass begin to turn green. The flowers start to bloom. In the suburb, some children fly kites. In the garden, there are a lot of beautiful and colorfulflowers. Spring is wonderful. I like spring.spring英语作⽂篇8 In spring, the weather is getting warm, and everything is new, full of vigor. The sun is shining brightly, the spring breeze is blowing gently, and the flowers are blooming beautifully. In spring, it always rains. After the rain, we can smell the fresher air and see the blue sky. We all feel comfortable. The spring of this year seems to be speical for me. Every rain comes so timely, washing the wound for me, rushing the dust, and making me feel the beauty of spring from the heart. In previous years, the spring is always coming quietly and lasts a short time. The arrival of spring, gives me hope, and lets me go on fighting. The arrival of spring, gives me a new start and lets me feel everything is growing. The arrival of spring, gives me a passion and lets me have the courage to face the ups and downs of life and rush forward step by step. The arrival of spring, gives me a relief force and lets me understand this world better. Life is just like the spring, and what we need is to be fearlessand brave in the sad time. Maybe we will get unexpected harvest. Embrace the spring, we will find that all around us is becoming more beautiful.spring英语作⽂篇9 Spring is the first season of a year, There are there months in spring : Morch , April and May , The weather is warm and windy. It rains a lot. The trees turn green and all the flowers are coming ont. In spring, I can wear my shirts. I often plant trees and go hiking . So I like spring very much. Of course, I like the Spring Festival, too. 春天是⼀年的第⼀个季，春季有三个⽉，分别是三⽉、四⽉和五⽉，春季的天⽓是温暖和多风。

Java框架之争SpringvsJavaEE

Java框架之争SpringvsJavaEE Java框架之争：Spring vs Java EEJava框架作为开发Java应用程序的重要工具，一直是开发者们关注的热门话题。

其中，Spring和Java EE（Java Enterprise Edition）是目前最受欢迎的两个Java框架。

它们在功能、特点和使用方式上有着不同的优势和适用场景。

本文将逐一介绍Spring和Java EE，并对它们的异同进行比较。

一、Spring框架Spring是由Rod Johnson于2003年创建的，是一个轻量级、非入侵式的框架。

Spring提供了一套全面的解决方案，用于构建Java应用程序。

它的核心特点包括：1. IoC（Inversion of Control，控制反转）：Spring通过IoC容器统一管理对象的创建和依赖注入，帮助开发者实现松耦合的组件。

2. AOP（Aspect-Oriented Programming，面向切面编程）：Spring提供了强大的AOP支持，可以将横切关注点（如日志记录、事务管理）与核心业务逻辑相分离。

3. 松耦合和可测试性：Spring提供了一系列的测试支持，使得开发者可以轻松地进行单元测试和集成测试。

4. 丰富的插件和扩展：Spring拥有庞大的生态系统，有丰富的第三方插件和扩展，可以满足不同项目的需求。

二、Java EE框架Java EE是Java平台的企业级应用规范，提供了一套标准化的技术规范和API，用于开发分布式、可扩展的企业应用程序。

Java EE的核心组件包括：1. EJB（Enterprise JavaBeans）：用于构建企业级应用的组件模型，提供了事务管理、远程调用等功能。

2. JPA（Java Persistence API）：提供了一种对象关系映射（ORM）的标准，简化了数据访问层的开发。

3. JMS（Java Message Service）：用于实现异步消息传递和解耦应用程序组件之间的通信。

spring、spring-mvc学习总结

Spring资料总结目录--------------------1.什么是spring2.Spring有什么特点?3.Spring的有哪些模块?各个模块的作用?4.控制反转(IOC)和依赖注入(DI)的区别?5.BeanFacotry对象的作用(IOC容器的作用)?6.使用FileSystemXmlApplicationContext,ClassPathXmlApplicationContext加载ApplicationContext.xml文件代码?7.BeanFactory跟ApplicationContext区别?8.依赖注入的四种方式(set,构造器,接口,注解)?9.Bean组件的作用域范围(singleton,prototype,request,session,globalsession)?10.Bean组件装配方式(byName,bType,constructor,default)?11.Bean组件的生命周期?12.在Web环境中怎么加载applicationContext.xml文件(Servlet监听器)?在web如何获取应用上下文WebApplicationContext?13.Spring对DAO模块支持?有什么优点?14.Spring的DAO模板增删查改数据代码?15.Spring对ORM模块的支持?有什么优点?16.Spring整合Hibernate模块的增删查改数据代码?17.Spring整合Ibatis模块的增删查改数据代码?18.Spring整合Mybatis模块的增删查改数据代码?19.Spring的全局事务(JTA)和局部事务(JDBC)的区别?20.Spring事务实现的方式有哪些,优缺点?21.编程式事务的特点?声明式事务的特点?22.事务7大传播属性?指定事务策略的格式代码?23.在Spring中事务管理器的实现方式有哪些?24.在Spring中事务管理器的实现方式有哪些?25.AOP的概念(切面,连接点,通知[顾问],切入点,[引入,关注点],目标对象,代理对象,织入目标)26.AOP在Spring中的作用?27.AOP中的通知有哪些?各有什么特点(前置型,后置型,环绕型,最终型,异常);28.AOP的特点和优缺点?29.AOP三种代理方式(动态代理,CGLIB代理,代理工厂bean)30.Execution配置的通用切入点的示例?31.在项目组,你们是如何使用AOP的?32.说说你对IOC的理解33.如何在Spring中使用JNDI的数据源?34.Spring如何整合Struts1.x?35.Spring如何整合Struts2.x?36.Spring如何整合Hibernate?37.Spring如何整合IBatis?38.Spring如何整合MyBatis?39.Spring的JDBC跟传统的JDBC的区别?41.Spring有哪些核心类?42.SpringMVC的工作机制?43.Hibernate中update和saveOrUpdate的区别?44.SpringMVC有哪些核心类,作用?45.SpringMVC数据如何校验,错误信息在页面如何呈现?46.SpringMVC注解标签有哪些?47.SpringMVC的特点(优点)?48.SpringMVC有哪些控制器组件?49.SpringMVC如何处理上传文件?如何使用ajax异步请求?50.Spring在视图中的标签有哪些?51.SpringAOP的注解标签有哪些?52.Spring如何配置连接池?53.连接池DBCP,C3P0,PROXOOL三个的区别---------------------------1.什么是Spring?答：Spring是一个开源的控制反转(Inversion of Control ,IoC)和面向切面(AOP aspect oriene program)的容器框架.它的主要目的是简化企业开发;Spring的设计思想是，单例模式和工厂模式;2.Spring有什么特点?答：轻量级,低侵入的设计Spring的DI机制降低了业务对象替换的复杂性Spring不依赖于web容器，独立于各种应用服务器，Write Once,Run Anywhere(一次编译到处运行)高度开放性:Spring并不完全依赖于Spring，开发者可自由选用Spring框架的部分或全部，它的架构仍然是内在稳定的3.Spring的有哪些模块?各个模块的作用?答：Spring Core：Spring的基石，提供了Spring的最主要的核心机制：控制反转和依赖注入Spring Context：提供了Spring的上下文信息，如：国际化，验证等Spring Web支持：简化了处理多部分请求Spring MVC框架支持：一个全功能的构建Web应用程序的MVC实现，MVC容纳了大量视图技术，其中包括JSP、Velocity等。

Spring课件

一、基本概念Spring 的核心是轻量级（Lightweight ）的容器（Container ），它实现了IoC 容器、非侵入性（No intrusive ）的框架，并提供AOP 概念的实现方式，提供对持久层（Persistence ）、事务（Transaction ）的支持，提供MVC Web 框架的实现，并对一些常用的企业服务API （Application Interface ）提供一致的模型封装，是一个全方位的应用程序框架（Application framework ），另外，Spring 也提供了对现有框架（Struts 、JSF 、Hibernate 等）的整合方案。

Spring 旨在分离体系结构的层次，因此每一层都可以修改而不会影响到其它层。

每一层都不知道其上层的关注点；就其可能而言，只对所紧挨的下一层有依赖。

层与层之间的依赖通常是以接口的形式表现，以确保其耦合尽可能松散。

容器管理事务，容器，贯穿始终：1、对象生命周期的管理。

2、容器本身具备功能，加在自己的类中。

需要自己调用则为显示调用。

而尽量用容器隐式调用，Spring 即为隐式调用、声明式编程。

Spring 轻量级容器体现在：只需设置一个Jar 文件到CLASSPATH ，不用去调用它，但又可以拥有其强大的功能。

组件的极大程度的复用。

让层与层中耦合度低——Loosely-Coupled 工厂类创建DAO 对象。

声明式编程。

在xml 文件中声明。

基于POJO 类，支持事务，事务是根本；而EJB 事务由Container 管理。

Spring 将 View 层与持久层，比如与Hibernate 联系起来。

Spring 简化Hibernate 的使用，还可以帮助管理Hibernate 。

Spring 本身没有O-R_mapping ，因为有Hibernate ，她已经做得很好了。

Spring 将编译时异常（checked ）转化为运行时异常（runtime ）。

spring原理机制

spring原理机制转⾃：/nrain2/article/details/454593111，关于spring容器：spring容器是Spring的核⼼，该容器负责管理spring中的java组件，ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");//这种⽅式实例化容器，容器会⾃动预初始化所有Bean实例ctx.getBean("beanName");ApplicationContext 实例正是Spring容器。

ApplicationContext容器默认会实例化所有的singleton BeanSpring容器并不强制要求被管理组件是标准的javabean。

2，Spring的核⼼机制：依赖注⼊。

不管是依赖注⼊(Dependency Injection)还是控制反转(Inversion of Conctrol)，其含义完全相同：当某个java实例(调⽤者)需要调⽤另⼀个java实例(被调⽤者)时，传统情况下，通过调⽤者来创建被调⽤者的实例，通常通过new来创建，⽽在依赖注⼊的模式下创建被调⽤者的⼯作不再由调⽤者来完成，因此称之为"控制反转"；创建被调⽤者实例的⼯作通常由Spring来完成，然后注⼊调⽤者，所以也称之为"依赖注⼊"。

3，依赖注⼊⼀般有2中⽅式：设置注⼊：IoC容器使⽤属性的setter⽅式注⼊被依赖的实例。

<property name="" ref="">构造注⼊：IoC容器使⽤构造器来注⼊被依赖的实例。

<constructor-arg ref="">配置构造注⼊的时候<constructor-arg>可以配置index属性，⽤于指定该构造参数值作为第⼏个构造参数值。

spring英语作文（精选15篇）

spring英语作文spring英语作文（精选15篇）在日复一日的学习、工作或生活中，大家都写过作文吧，作文是一种言语活动，具有高度的综合性和创造性。

那么问题来了，到底应如何写一篇优秀的作文呢？以下是小编为大家收集的spring英语作文（精选15篇），欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。

spring英语作文篇1In the Sunday, me and my family to Yancheng Spring Park to play. To the Spring and Autumn Park, I saw a beautiful rockery seat, there is water flowing out of the mountains. To the Confucian Scholars 100 homes, we can see a statue of Confucius and his students study the statue. We then walked to see a 4D show homes, which we see the "Legend of Yancheng City," three-dimensional movies.Entertainment subject area in spring and there merry, canyon rafting, fly so high and other titles. We play a canyon drift, where the hardships, 还r-raising, the water will cool from time to time in our body. Then, my father and I play a high-altitude flight, while it increased side spin, turn my head spin. About, and I even cardinal points are not quite sure of.Me and my family came to the water recreation area, there are water plum pile, water single-plank bridge, water ...... I play in the water, I stood two c还ns, and felt a little flustered, afraid to move forward walk, then father, mothers encouragement, I adjusted the tempo, getting faster and faster, soon went to the shore.Today, we are having a great time, Yancheng Spring Park is truly our paradise!spring英语作文篇2Many people like spring. I like it too. Spring is coming. It is a lovely season. The weather is warm and windy. In spring, plants begin to grow.The trees become green and the flowers give off fragrance.They are dancing softly in the wind. There are some beautiful butterflies and bees on them. Some people like going to the park for a picnic. They are happy.spring英语作文篇3We are pleased to go to the country, looking ahead, a beautiful field, potatoes grow seedlings, green seedlings hairy. The rape golden yellow, they endure endure crowded crowded into a large, hand in hand.The spring breeze blows, the ground turned golden waves. The most striking is that a piece of broad bean, broad bean vine full bud, one or two impatient bean flower already opened, like a covered with markings of butterflies, like some impatient girl eager to show their beauty. Pea flowers are white, pink, and pea flowers. Like a cute butterfly, they come to bees. They are rushing to gather nectar. They are very busy.You see, in the field of grass grow wild, green was so lush. A spring breeze blowing, the wind drift wave. The children were happy in the field and were busy flying kites. There are centipede kites, butterfly kites, and Phoenix kites... A lifelike kite is flying freely in the air, giving a great pleasure to the blue sky and white clouds. The kids happy tireless race each other. A breeze came, and the scent of rape was coming with wind. I followed this faint fragrance and looked like a golden and green sea. Countless bees were busy in it. A butterfly flew from its eyes in front of us now and then. The wind blows gently across the field, and the fields have a golden wave like a fairyland.The gentle spring girl came, the bright sun was sprinkled withthe earth. Grass green flowers, flowers bloom, the recovery of the earth, birdstwitter and fragrance of flowers. The grass drilled out of the earth. The little swallow flew back from the south, chirping on the branches, as if to say spring was coming and spring came. And what about the farmers uncle? The seeds of hope are planted in the fields, of course. In spring, many farmers came to the field, ready for the start of spring, I take time off to go to the field to look, wow! Everyone is loosing the earth and sowing the seeds. Then the seed began its new life. The next day the farmer uncle just wait for them to grow up quickly, after a period of time, the seed grow a green seedlings, so farmers and busy weeding, scarification, fertilization and seedling were started, so that they can happily continue to grow.This spring footsteps came to the field, it shows all her beautiful scenery with the pitter patter of the rain falls, the grass drilled the ground, exposing the green heart like buds, flowers open flowers riotous with colour yellow, purple, red, and white... Beautiful..! The most striking thing is a field of colourful rape flowers. They dont have scent of sweet scented osmanthus and no roses, but she brings hope to farmers. Look, there are a group of butterflies and bees flying, the air of pollen, and the flutter and flutter of their wings. I think the field of spring is very beautiful, do you think so?spring英语作文篇4spring comes with all its glories. the new grass exposes green color .the pretty flowers open their blossoms. we are tempted to go for an outing.last tuesday, the weather was fine. we went to the chimelong paradise. it took us about half an hour to get there by bus. what a beautiful city it is! there stand countless tall buildings. half anhour later, we entered the gate of chimelong paradise. we jumped with joy. we rode many rides there. we were very excited and tired, and quite out of breath. as long as you have courage, you can conquer any ride, no matter how dangerous it is. it was about half past four and we had rode all of the rides. we had to take a bus to go back to our school.what a nice day we had!spring英语作文篇5Is coming! Spring is coming! The beautiful, flowers in full bloom in the spring is finally here! To greet the spring girl has several array is misty drizzle, happy spring breeze blowing in this article ten million a blossom a leafy wicker. Tender grass, fresh leaves, all kinds of gorgeous flowers, all like to gather up, form a dazzling spring of tears. The swallow is not exceptional also, panting flew in from the north, glorious added a lot of vitality for spring.Pairs of swallows through mountains and rivers, across the lake to the south, the exhausted, but was such a beautiful spring, like to eat a lot of this stuff, chocolate becomes active, has a spirit. Play in the spring, flying over the green field, on the surface, some play tired poles that swallows stood on a few mark pole. Ah! How like a lovely note, on the staff became also listen to music.The campus is rich and colorful of spring. Beautiful winter jasmine is welcome us! Boulevard, tree-lined, paths on both sides of flowers numerous and leafy. Flowers everywhere in the campus, far see like to spread a thick layer of white snow, campus nearly look let a person feel the sky is beautiful snowflakes fluttering. Lawn verdant, the central set up a century-old tree, the edge has a bunch of beautiful flowers to decorate his lawn morecharming, more beautiful. Just like a beautiful picture.spring英语作文篇6Spring is coming.Flowers are blooming.Everyone is happy.In spring,the weather is nice and warm.I can do many things.The ice is melting,so I can go fishing.The weather is sunny,so I can go climbing.I can play outside with my friends for the warm weather.I can also go hiking with my family.In spring,farmers are very busy,because they must plant crops.They grow vegetables,too.Spring is interesting.I like it very much.spring英语作文篇7Spring is coming quietly. The blossoming flowers are her figures. The blowing breeze is her footstep.The fragrance of flowers is her perfume. I can see her figures, hear her footstep and smell her breath. The spring is coming. spring英语作文篇8Spring is coming. Flowers are in full bloom everywhere. Rivers are thawing and small fish are jumping out of the river. Animals are running on the grass. The students are flying kites and playing. In such a beautiful season, let us embrace spring! spring英语作文篇9In spring, the weather is getting warm, and everything is new, full of vigor. The sun is shining brightly, the spring breeze is blowing gently, and the flowers are blooming beautifully. In spring, it always rains. After the rain, we can smell the fresher air and see the blue sky. We all feel comfortable.The spring of this year seems to be speical for me. Every rain comes so timely, washing the wound for me, rushing the dust, and making me feel the beauty of spring from the heart. In previous years, the spring is always coming quietly and lasts ashort time. The arrival of spring, gives me hope, and lets me go on fighting. The arrival of spring, gives me a new start and lets me feel everything is growing. The arrival of spring, gives me a passion and lets me have the courage to face the ups and downs of life and rush forward step by step. The arrival of spring, gives me a relief force and lets me understand this world better. Life is just like the spring, and what we need is to be fearlessand brave in the sad time. Maybe we will get unexpected harvest. Embrace the spring, we will find that all around us is becoming more beautiful.spring英语作文篇10Its spring. Its sunny and cloudy today.There are many big trees in the park. Mr. Blacks family have a picnic in a park. They bring many food there. They bring fruit, drink and bread. Mr. Black and Mrs. Black talk with each other. They talk very happily. Ann reads a magazine. Tom likes flying a kite. The kite flies very well. They are hungry now.They want to eat their food. They are very happy.它的春天。

Spring从入门到精通(共58张PPT)

<beans xmlns=
REQUIRES_NEW3，、新建写事@务，开如果头当前存注在解事务，@把R当e前s事o务u挂r起c。e注入接口
Spring与Hibernate的集成
Struts+Hibernate+Spring的集成
public void init(){System.
@After 最终通知：不论一个方法是如何结束的，最终通知都运行
势。Spring 2.5 的一大增强就是引入了很多注释类，现在我们已经可以使用注解配置完
成大部分 XML 配置的功能。
基于注解的依赖注入
spring注解的使用
<prop key=“supp1ort、”> 要使用注解来代替xml的配置，要引入如下jar包：
public interface </property>
<property name=“lists”>
<list> <value></value> <ref/>
</list> </property>
<property name=“sets”> <set> <value></value> <ref/>
</set>
</property>
<property name=“maps”> <map>
注入依赖对象
在<property>或<constructor-arg>元素中使用<ref>
在<property>或<constructor-arg>元素中加上ref属性

spring框架概述

spring框架概述1 spring框架概述1.1 什么是springSpring是⼀个开源框架，Spring是于2003 年兴起的⼀个轻量级的Java 开发框架，由Rod Johnson开发。

它是为了解决企业应⽤开发的复杂性⽽创建的。

框架的主要优势之⼀就是其分层架构，分层架构允许使⽤者选择使⽤哪⼀个组件，同时为J2EE 应⽤程序开发提供集成的框架dao(JdbcTemplate) service(spring控制事务) web(springmvc)Spring的核⼼是控制反转（IoC）和⾯向切⾯（AOP）。

简单来说，Spring是⼀个分层的JavaSE/EE full-stack 轻量级开源框架。

1）IoC 和DI 2）AOP⼀句话描述spring：full-stack 轻量级开源框架分层： full-stack，每⼀个层都提供解决⽅案web层：struts，spring-MVCservice层：spring 事务控制 springdao层：hibernate，mybatis ， jdbcTemplate（spring提供了⼀个模板对象） --> spring-datassh:struts2+spring+hibernate（以前的了解⼀下）ssm:spring+springmvc+mybatis（现阶段常⽤）1.2 spring核⼼Spring的核⼼是控制反转（IoC）和⾯向切⾯（AOP）1.3 spring优点1.4 spring体系结构核⼼容器：beans、core、context、expressiondao service 对象的创建交给spring2 ⼊门案例：IoC【掌握】2.1 导⼊jar包4 + 1 ： 4个核⼼（beans、core、context、expression） + 1个依赖（commons-loggins...jar）2.2 ⽬标类1. 提供UserService接⼝和实现类2. 获得UserService实现类的实例之前开发中，直接new⼀个对象即可。

Spring

Spring是一个轻量级的DI（IoC）和AOP容器框架。

存在的目的是用于构建轻量级的J2EE应用。

1.轻量级：应用大小和应用开支，包括应用方式2.DI（IoC)：提供松耦合的一种实现技术3.AOP：切面编程将业务逻辑从应用服务中分离4.容器：包含并管理应用对象的生命周期和配置5.框架：使用组件配置组合成复杂的应用，并提供很多基础功能项目中引入spring立即可以带来下面的好处1.降低组件之间的耦合度,实现软件各层之间的解耦。

2.可以使用容器提供的众多服务，如：事务管理服务、消息服务等等。

当我们使用容器管理事务时，开发人员就不再需要手工控制事务.也不需处理复杂的事务传播。

3.容器提供单例模式支持，开发人员不再需要自己编写实现代码。

4.容器提供了AOP技术，利用它很容易实现如权限拦截、运行期监控等功能。

5.容器提供的众多辅作类，使用这些类能够加快应用的开发，如：JdbcT emplate、HibernateT emplate。

6.Spring对于主流的应用框架提供了集成支持，如：集成Hibernate、JPA、Struts等，这样更便于应用的开发。

第一个Spring应用(1):搭建环境,在spring最基础的应用中只需要dest\spring.jar和lib\jakarta-commons\commons-logging.jar新建spring的配置文件,文件名称可以任意,位置也可以任意,但考虑到通用性,一般将配置文件存放在类路径下,配置文件的模板可以在spring 参考手册中获取(查找中输入<bean>),模板大致如下：<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="/schema/beans/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd"></beans>(2):实例化spring容器,通过在类路径下寻找配置文件(配置文件可以有多个,以字符数组的形式传入)/* 当存在多个配置文件时,可以将spring配置文件名,字符串数组的形式传入 */ ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Spring-config.xml");(3):将实体bean的创建与维护交由spring管理在配置文件中的<beans>下使用<bean>标签<!—指定实体bean的名称,当名称含有特殊字符时,需要用name指定,一般情况下使用id,id 在配置文件中唯一,而name可以重复指定,获取时,获取到最后一个,在name中可以使用逗号将多个名称隔开,来达到指定bean的多个名称,当id和那么都没有指定时,则以类的全名作为name,如果存在多个name和id没有指定且实例类都是一样的bean,可以使用clazzpath/#来获取,#代表在xml中存在的序号--><!—calss指定需要被管理的实体bean,需要是完整的类名--><bean id="personService"class="com.mrkay.spring.services.impl.PersonServiceImpl"/> (4):调用实体bean使用实例化的spring容器的getBean(beanNa me)获取实体bean实例化bean的三种方式（1）：使用默认的构造函数进行实例化bean<bean id=”xxx” class=”xxx.xxx.Xxx”/>（2）：使用静态工厂方法创建bean<bean id=”xxx” class=”xxx.xxx.Xxx” factory-method=”xxxx”/>（3）：使用实例化工厂方法创建bean1,先实例化工厂<bean id=”factory” class=”xxx.xxx.Xxx”/>2,然后实例化bean <bean id=”xxx” class=”xxx.xxx.Xxx” factory-method=”xxxx”/>默认情况下会在容器启动时初始化bean，但我们可以指定Bean节点的lazy-init=“true”来延迟初始化bean，这时候，只有第一次获取bean会才初始化bean。

Spring面试专题及答案整理文档Spring高级篇

1、什么是Spring框架？Spring框架有哪些主要模块？Spring框架是一个为Java应用程序的开发提供了综合、广泛的基础性支持的Java平台。

Spring帮助开发者解决了开发中基础性的问题，使得开发人员可以专注于应用程序的开发。

Spring框架本身亦是按照设计模式精心打造，这使得我们可以在开发环境中安心的集成Spring框架，不必担心Spring是如何在后台进行工作的。

Spring框架至今已集成了20多个模块。

这些模块主要被分如下图所示的核心容器、数据访问/集成,、Web、AOP（面向切面编程）、工具、消息和测试模块。

2、使用Spring框架能带来哪些好处？下面列举了一些使用Spring框架带来的主要好处：▪Dependency Injection(DI) 方法使得构造器和JavaBean properties文件中的依赖关系一目了然。

▪与EJB容器相比较，IoC容器更加趋向于轻量级。

这样一来IoC容器在有限的内存和CPU资源的情况下进行应用程序的开发和发布就变得十分有利。

▪Spring并没有闭门造车，Spring利用了已有的技术比如ORM框架、logging框架、J2EE、Quartz和JDK Timer，以及其他视图技术。

▪Spring框架是按照模块的形式来组织的。

由包和类的编号就可以看出其所属的模块，开发者仅仅需要选用他们需要的模块即可。

▪要测试一项用Spring开发的应用程序十分简单，因为测试相关的环境代码都已经囊括在框架中了。

更加简单的是，利用JavaBean形式的POJO类，可以很方便的利用依赖注入来写入测试数据。

▪Spring的Web框架亦是一个精心设计的Web MVC框架，为开发者们在web框架的选择上提供了一个除了主流框架比如Struts、过度设计的、不流行web框架的以外的有力选项。

▪Spring提供了一个便捷的事务管理接口，适用于小型的本地事物处理（比如在单DB的环境下）和复杂的共同事物处理（比如利用JTA的复杂DB环境）。

关于spring英语作文（精选20篇）

spring英语作文关于spring英语作文（精选20篇）在平日的学习、工作和生活里，大家都跟作文打过交道吧，写作文是培养人们的观察力、联想力、想象力、思考力和记忆力的重要手段。

你知道作文怎样写才规范吗？以下是小编精心整理的spring英语作文（精选20篇），欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。

spring英语作文篇1Spring is a season of renewal. The grass peeped out of the ground and the flowers were blooming. The willows waved her arms by the river, and the swallows flew through the sky. There was a lively scene everywhere.Spring is a season of hope. The farmers in the fields were sowing hard, "a grain of spring, a grain of autumn," and they all wanted a good harvest in the fall. Students study hard, and they do so in order to have a good result.Spring is a vigorous season. "One year in the spring." Spring is the beginning of the year. Look, the streets are full of children's footprints. It is true that spring is suitable for many things, such as flying kites, hiking, picnics, etc., which can show the vitality, vitality and childinterest of children.Spring is a green season. It was very pleasing to see the green grass and green leaves.Of course, I also like the spring of life. The spring of life is youth. It is good to be young, because you can feel the growth process with your heart. Whether it is plain water, small like silk, or earth-shaking, thundering, youth is happy. As long as you cherish the feeling of youth, the acid, sweet, bitter, spicy and salty in youth will become the most cherished jewelry in your life journey.The youth we do not feel inferior, do not self - pride, not conceited, do not reward, how good!spring英语作文篇2The spring girl was walking briskly towards nature, and she was like a wizard with a magic wand in her hand. When she waved the grass, the grass emergedfromthe mud. With a wave of her spring flowers, she was full of flowers. With a wave of wild flowers, the colorful wildflowers smiledfromthe grass. The spring girl, like a painter, added colorful colors to the plants and trees. She painted flowers and azaleas red and made them look great. She painted grass and willow trees green and made them more lively.A breeze blew, the trees and flowers were blowing in the wind, and they all laughed. The earth is full of life.The spring girl walked briskly to the river and woke up the frozen river. The fish swam under the water to the water and breathed fresh air. The hibernating frog also wakes up and sings a happy tune. The swallows flew backfromthe south and enjoyed the beauty of the place.The spring girl came to us with a cheerful step, and she helped us to take off the thick sweater and put on light clothes. People walked out of the house, some in the park, some in the countryside, and some on the grass. People grinned."The year's plan is in spring" is a good time, we must not miss her. I like spring.spring英语作文篇3We are pleased to go to the country, looking ahead, a beautiful field, potatoes grow seedlings, green seedlings hairy. The rape golden yellow, they endure endure crowded crowded into a large, hand in hand.The spring breeze blows, the ground turned golden waves.The most striking is that a piece of broad bean, broad bean vine full bud, one or two impatient bean flower already opened, like a covered with markings of butterflies, like some impatient girl eager to show their beauty. Pea flowers are white, pink, and pea flowers. Like a cute butterfly, they come to bees. They are rushing to gather nectar. They are very busy.You see, in the field of grass grow wild, green was so lush. A spring breeze blowing, the wind drift wave. The children were happy in the field and were busy flying kites. There are centipede kites, butterfly kites, and Phoenix kites... A lifelike kite is flying freely in the air, giving a great pleasure to the blue sky and white clouds. The kids happy tireless race each other. A breeze came, and the scent of rape was coming with wind. I followed this faint fragrance and looked like a golden and green sea. Countless bees were busy in it. A butterfly flew from its eyes in front of us now and then. The wind blows gently across the field, and the fields have a golden wave like a fairyland.The gentle spring girl came, the bright sun was sprinkled with the earth. Grass green flowers, flowers bloom, the recovery of the earth, birdstwitter and fragrance of flowers. The grass drilled out of the earth. The little swallow flew back from the south, chirping on the branches, as if to say spring was coming and spring came. And what about the farmers uncle? The seeds of hope are planted in the fields, of course. In spring, many farmers came to the field, ready for the start of spring, I take time off to go to the field to look, wow! Everyone is loosing the earth and sowing the seeds. Then the seed began its new life. The next day the farmer uncle just wait for them to grow up quickly, after a period of time, the seed grow a green seedlings, so farmers and busy weeding, scarification, fertilization and seedling were started, so that theycan happily continue to grow.This spring footsteps came to the field, it shows all her beautiful scenery with the pitter patter of the rain falls, the grass drilled the ground, exposing the green heart like buds, flowers open flowers riotous with colour yellow, purple, red, and white... Beautiful..! The most striking thing is a field of colourful rape flowers. They dont have scent of sweet scented osmanthus and no roses, but she brings hope to farmers. Look, there are a group of butterflies and bees flying, the air of pollen, and the flutter and flutter of their wings. I think the field of spring is very beautiful, do you think so?spring英语作文篇4In spring, the weather is getting warm, and everything is new, full of vigor. The sun is shining brightly, the spring breeze is blowing gently, and the flowers are blooming beautifully. In spring, it always rains. After the rain, we can smell the fresher air and see the blue sky. We all feel comfortable.The spring of this year seems to be speical for me. Every rain comes so timely, washing the wound for me, rushing the dust, and making me feel the beauty of spring from the heart. In previous years, the spring is always coming quietly and lasts a short time. The arrival of spring, gives me hope, and lets me go on fighting. The arrival of spring, gives me a new start and lets me feel everything is growing. The arrival of spring, gives me a passion and lets me have the courage to face the ups and downs of life and rush forward step by step. The arrival of spring, gives me a relief force and lets me understand this world better. Life is just like the spring, and what we need is to be fearlessand brave in the sad time. Maybe we will get unexpected harvest. Embrace the spring, we will find that all around us is becoming morebeautiful.spring英语作文篇5Spring does come. In the garden the rue anemones come marching out, bright as toy soldiers on their parapets of stone. The dogwoods float in casual clouds among the hills.春天的确来了。

spring什么意思

spring什么意思一年四季，大家最喜欢那个季节?小编比较喜欢spring呢，因为樱花会开的很漂亮呢。

下面店铺为大家带来spring的英语意思和相关用法，欢迎大家一起学习!spring的英语音标英 [sprɪŋ]美 [sprɪŋ]spring的时态过去分词: sprung过去式: sprang现在分词: springingspring的意思n. 春天;弹簧;泉水;adj. 春天的vi. 生长;涌出;vt. 使跳起;使爆炸;spring的近义词vernalspring的同根词词根 springadj.springy 有弹力的springless 无弹性的，无弹簧的springlike 象春天的n.springer 起拱石;弹跳的东西;蹦跳的人springtime 春天;春季;初期springiness 有弹性;轻快spring的词语辨析skip, hop, spring, bound, leap, jump这组词都有“跳，跳跃”的意思，其区别是skip 指两脚交替轻地跳或跨的动作。

hop 指单脚短跳或双足猛力的动作。

也指小鸟、青蛙等的跳。

spring 更强调有力和弹跳的运动。

bound 多指向前向上或向下跳跃、奔跳。

leap 常可与jump换用，但侧重身体猛力向上升起并朝前急冲的动作，有时含突然的意味。

jump 是普通用词，指用双脚向上跳，向下跳，或在同一平面上跳到有一定距离的某一点上，或跳过。

spring的词汇搭配spring festival 春节(中国农历正月初一)in spring 在春天spring and autumn 春秋hot spring 温泉spring tide 大潮;涨潮spring and autumn period 春秋时代early spring 早春spring water 泉水spring的英语例句1. I let the horse drop his head to crop the spring grass.我让马低下头啃吃春天的青草。

最全面的Spring学习笔记

最全⾯的Spring学习笔记致⼒于提供⼀种⽅法管理你的业务对象。

在⼤量Java EE的应⽤中，随处可见Spring。

今天我将简单的介绍⼀下Spring这个框架。

本⽂适合读者：想学Spring的Java开发者刚⽤Spring不久的⼈Why为什么要使⽤Spring？Spring主要两个有功能为我们的业务对象管理提供了⾮常便捷的⽅法：DI（Dependency Injection，依赖注⼊）AOP（Aspect Oriented Programming，⾯向切⾯编程）Java Bean每⼀个类实现了Bean的规范才可以由Spring来接管，那么Bean的规范是什么呢？必须是个公有(public)类有⽆参构造函数⽤公共⽅法暴露内部成员属性(getter,setter)实现这样规范的类，被称为Java Bean。

即是⼀种可重⽤的组件。

DI-依赖注⼊简单来说，⼀个系统中可能会有成千上万个对象。

如果要⼿⼯维护它们之间的关系，这是不可想象的。

我们可以在Spring的XML⽂件描述它们之间的关系，由Spring⾃动来注⼊它们——⽐如A类的实例需要B类的实例作为参数set进去。

AOP-⾯向切⾯编程就以⽇志系统为例。

在执⾏某个操作前后都需要输出⽇志，如果⼿⼯加代码，那简直太可怕了。

⽽且等代码庞⼤起来，也是⾮常难维护的⼀种情况。

这⾥就需要⾯向切⾯来编程How关于BeanBean的⽣命周期如你所见，在bean准备就绪之前，bean⼯⼚执⾏了若⼲启动步骤。

我们对图进⾏详细描述：1. Spring对bean进⾏实例化；2. Spring将值和bean的引⽤注⼊到bean对应的属性中；3. 如果bean实现了BeanNameAware接⼝，Spring将bean的ID传递给setBean-Name()⽅法；4. 如果bean实现了BeanFactoryAware接⼝，Spring将调⽤setBeanFactory()⽅法，将BeanFactory容器实例传⼊；5. 如果bean实现了ApplicationContextAware接⼝，Spring将调⽤setApplicationContext()⽅法，将bean所在的应⽤上下⽂的引⽤传⼊进来；6. 如果bean实现了BeanPostProcessor接⼝，Spring将调⽤它们的post-ProcessBeforeInitialization()⽅法；7. 如果bean实现了InitializingBean接⼝，Spring将调⽤它们的after-PropertiesSet()⽅法。

Spring、SpringMVC、Struts2之间的区别

Spring、SpringMVC、Struts2之间的区别⼀、Spring与SpringMVC的区别：spring是⼀个开源框架，是为了解决企业应⽤程序开发，功能如下：功能：使⽤基本的JavaBean代替EJB，并提供了更多的企业应⽤功能范围：任何Java应⽤ Spring是⼀个轻量级的控制反转（IoC）和⾯向切⾯（AOP）的容器框架。

1、轻量——从⼤⼩与开销两⽅⾯⽽⾔Spring都是轻量的。

完整的Spring框架可以在⼀个⼤⼩只有1MB多的JAR⽂件⾥发布。

并且Spring所需的处理开销也是微不⾜道的。

此外， Spring是⾮侵⼊式的：典型地，Spring应⽤中的对象不依赖于Spring的特定类。

2、控制反转——Spring通过⼀种称作控制反转（IoC）的技术促进了松耦合。

当应⽤了IoC，⼀个对象依赖的其它对象会通过被动的⽅式传递进来，⽽不是这个对象⾃⼰创建或者查找依赖对象。

你可以认为IoC与JNDI相反——不是对象从容器中查找依赖，⽽是容器在对象初始化时不等对象请求就主动将依赖传递给它。

3、⾯向切⾯——Spring提供了⾯向切⾯编程的丰富⽀持，允许通过分离应⽤的业务逻辑与系统级服务（例如审计（auditing）和事务（transaction）管理）进⾏内聚性的开发。

应⽤对象只实现它们应该做的——完成业务逻辑—— 仅此⽽已。

它们并不负责（甚⾄是意识）其它的系统级关注点，例如⽇志或事务⽀持。

4、容器——Spring包含并管理应⽤对象的配置和⽣命周期，在这个意义上它是⼀种容器，你可以配置你的每个bean如何被创建——基于⼀个可配置原型（prototype），你的bean可以创建⼀个单独的实例或者每次需要时都⽣成⼀个新的实例——以及它们是如何相互关联的。

然⽽，Spring不应该被混同于传统的重量级的EJB容器，它们经常是庞⼤与笨重的，难以使⽤。

5、框架——Spring可以将简单的组件配置、组合成为复杂的应⽤。

Spring系列之Spring常用注解总结

Spring系列之Spring常⽤注解总结Spring系列之Spring常⽤注解总结传统的Spring做法是使⽤.xml⽂件来对bean进⾏注⼊或者是配置aop、事物，这么做有两个缺点：1、如果所有的内容都配置在.xml⽂件中，那么.xml⽂件将会⼗分庞⼤；如果按需求分开.xml⽂件，那么.xml⽂件⼜会⾮常多。

总之这将导致配置⽂件的可读性与可维护性变得很低。

2、在开发中在.java⽂件和.xml⽂件之间不断切换，是⼀件⿇烦的事，同时这种思维上的不连贯也会降低开发的效率。

为了解决这两个问题，Spring引⼊了注解，通过"@XXX"的⽅式，让注解与Java Bean紧密结合，既⼤⼤减少了配置⽂件的体积，⼜增加了Java Bean的可读性与内聚性。

不使⽤注解：先看⼀个不使⽤注解的Spring⽰例，在这个⽰例的基础上，改成注解版本的，这样也能看出使⽤与不使⽤注解之间的区别，先定义⼀个⽼虎：package com.spring.model;public class Tiger {private String tigerName="TigerKing";public String toString(){return "TigerName:"+tigerName;}}再定义⼀个猴⼦：package com.spring.model;public class Monkey {private String monkeyName = "MonkeyKing";public String toString(){return "MonkeyName:" + monkeyName;}}定义⼀个动物园：package com.spring.model;public class Zoo {private Tiger tiger;private Monkey monkey;public Tiger getTiger() {return tiger;}public void setTiger(Tiger tiger) {this.tiger = tiger;}public Monkey getMonkey() {return monkey;}public void setMonkey(Monkey monkey) {this.monkey = monkey;}public String toString(){return tiger + "\n" + monkey;}}spring的配置⽂件这么写：<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beansxmlns="/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:p="/schema/p"xmlns:context="/schema/context"xsi:schemaLocation="/schema/beans/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd/schema/context/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd"><bean id="zoo" class="com.spring.model.Zoo"><property name="tiger" ref="tiger"/><property name="monkey" ref="monkey"/></bean><bean id="tiger" class="com.spring.model.Tiger"/><bean id="monkey" class="com.spring.model.Monkey"/></beans>测试⽅法：public class TestAnnotation {/*** 不使⽤注解*/@Testpublic void test(){//读取配置⽂件ApplicationContext ctx=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext2.xml");Zoo zoo=(Zoo) ctx.getBean("zoo");System.out.println(zoo.toString());}}都很熟悉，权当复习⼀遍了。