Nettest II选型指南

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2 pg

10/24/2014Kit ComponentsProduct code DescriptionMZ300096 SQ300 ESI POS AND NEG TEST KIT Components:MZ301174 2 pg/µl p-nitrophenol LCMS Test Standard MZ301175 100 pg/ul Reserpine LCMS Test Std页 1/8根据 GB/T 16483-2008, GB/T 17519-2013打印日期 2014.10.24在 2014.10.24 审核· GHS危险性类别易燃液体　第特定靶器官系统毒性（单次接触）　第急性毒性(在 1 页继续) P241使用防爆的电气/通风/照明/设备。

P260不要吸入粉尘/烟/气体/烟雾/蒸气/喷雾。

P280戴防护手套/穿防护服/戴防护眼罩/戴防护面具。

P303+P361+P353如皮肤(或头发)沾染：立即去脱/脱掉所有沾染的衣服。

用水清洗皮肤/淋浴。

P321具体治疗(见本标签上的)。

P405存放处须加锁。

P501按照本地 / 地区 / 国家 / 国际规例处理内含物 / 容器。

· 其他有害性本产品不包含任何有机卤化物混合物 (AOX)、硝酸盐、重金属混合物或甲醛.· PBT(残留性、生物浓缩性、毒性物质) 及 vPvB(高残留性、高生物浓缩性物质)评价结果· PBT(残留性、生物浓缩性、毒性物质)不适用的· vPvB(高残留性、高生物浓缩性物质):不适用的对硝基苯酚特定靶器官系统毒性（重复接触）　第急性毒性(在 2 页继续)· 特殊灭火方法· 消防人員特殊的防护装备:口腔呼吸保护装置.(在 3 页继续)· 遗漏控制· 个人防护设备:· 一般保护和卫生措施:远离食品、饮料和饲料.立即除去所有的不洁的和被污染的衣服.在休息之前和工作完毕后请清洗双手.分开储存保护性衣服.避免和眼睛及皮肤接触.· 呼吸系统防护:如果曾短暂接触或在低污染的情况下,请使用呼吸过滤装置. 如果曾深入或较长时间接触,请使用独立的呼吸保护装置.· 手防护:保护手套手套的物料必须是不渗透性的, 且能抵抗该产品/物质/添加剂.基于缺乏测试, 对于产品/制剂/化学混合物, 并不会提供手套材料的建议选择手套材料时, 请注意材料的渗透时间, 渗滤率和降解参数· 手套材料选择合适的手套不单取决于材料, 亦取决于质量特征, 以及来自哪一间生产厂家, 因为该产品是由很多材料配制而成, 手套材料的抵抗力并不可预计, 所以, 必须在使用之前进行检查· 渗入手套材料的时间请向劳保手套生产厂家获取准确的破裂时间并观察实际的破裂时间· 眼睛防护:密封的护目镜(在 4 页继续)· 自燃溫度:该产品是不自燃的· 爆炸的危险性:该产品并非爆炸性的然而有可能形成可爆炸性的空气/蒸汽混合物· 爆炸极限:较低: 5.5 Vol %较高:44.0 Vol %· 蒸气压在 20 °C:128 hPa· 密度在 20 °C:0.94748 g/cm³· 相対密度未决定.· 蒸气密度未决定.· 蒸发速率未决定.· 溶解性水:不能拌和的或难以拌和· n-辛醇/水分配系数:未决定.· 黏性:动态:未决定.运动学的:未决定.· 溶剂成份:有机溶剂:25.0 %水:75.0 %· 其他信息无相关详细资料。

安捷伦网络分析仪选型指南

射频网络分析的业界标准
ENA 网络分析仪 E5071C
Agilent ENA 为双工器和耦合器等多端口器件提供快速精确的测量解决方案。E5071C 在 4.5、6.5、8.5、 14 和 20 GHz 的测量频率范围内最多可以配置成 4 个内置测量端口。
ENA 中内置了测量平衡器件的先进功能，用户很容易就可以对用在手机或其它射频终端设备中的元器件，例如平衡 SAW 滤波器等进行测量。使用内置的夹具仿真功能，用户可以完成匹配电路嵌入、测试夹具去嵌入和阻抗转换等更复杂一些的测量工作，ENA 也支持混合模式 S 参数的测量。
E5061B 适用于测量各种低频器件，例如直流至直流转换器、无线电系统和无线接口中使用的射频器件、传感器电路等，这为用户改善终端产品的性能和质量提供了保障。当然，它也非常适用于所有需要对被测器件进行网络分析测量的实验室和教学机构。
● 内置直流偏置源 (高达 ± 40 Vdc) ● 外形紧凑 (254 毫米长) ● 内置 Visual Basic 应用程序设计语言 (VBA)
ENA的频率偏置测量模式 (FOM) 可以让用户精确地对混频器和变频器的特性进行表征。
用户可以使用 ENA 在制造过程中轻松高效地完成测量任务。使用内置的微软 Visual Basic 应用编程语言 (VBA) 可以快速开发自动化测量程序; ENA的器件拣放机械手接口的数据通讯速度极快，使它很容易集成到完全自动化的生产系统中。
4
网络分析仪概览射频网络分析仪
1.5 GHz/3 GHz
低成本基础射频网络分析的新标准
ENA-L 射频网络分析仪 E5061A、E5062A
Agilent ENA-L 网络分析仪具有领先的现代技术和应用灵活性，可在多种行业和应用 (例如无线通信、有线电视、汽车制造、教育) 中完成基础的矢量网络分析测量任务。它旨在帮助用户缩短被测器件的调谐和测量时间，提高测量效率，让生产线具有更高的生产能力。

热缩管选型指南

RAYCHEMNote: Information regarding RoHS compliance is provided based on reasonable inquiry of our suppliers and repre- sents our current actual knowledge based on the information provided by our suppliers. This information is subject to change. For the latest compliance status and to answer all of your RoHS questions, refer to /customersupport/productcompliance.Versatile Raychem brand heat-shrinkable tubing products will cover just about all your needs. With high-performance tubing from TE Connectivity, you can cover, protect, bundle, strain-relieve, seal, identify and otherwise take care of a broad range of projects.and ﬂexibility over a wide range of temperatures is required. Heavy duty tubing products are intended for use in the most rugged environments. Whether your application is commercial, industrial, or military, there are Raychem brand tubing products to meet your precise needs.Part numbers in this Selection Guide are RoHS Compliant. These products comply with European Union Directive 2002/95/EC, as amended 1 January 2006, that restricts the use of lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, PBB and PBDE in certain electrical and electronic products sold into the EU as of 1 July 2006.Single wall tubing gives optimum ﬂexibility and space savings along with mechanical protection and chemical resistance. Dual wall tubing, with inner walls of adhesive or encapsulant, also reliably seals out moisture. Elastomeric tubing products are speciﬁcally designed for use in applications where resistance to abrasion, chemicals and other ﬂuids,*Meets the material properties except for sealing e ciencyTE Connectivity Tubing Selection Guide*Formerly MIL-I-23053 and MIL-DTL-23053 **Black only, except sizes 3/1 and 4/1 ***Without adhesive ****Meets the material properties of AMS-DTL-23053/4, CI. 3 except for sealing e ciency †Black only ††Overexpanded †††Sizes 12/3 through 70/20 only. ††††With exception to dimensions and longitudinal change.。

全能音频转换通软件系统测试

GUI testing mainly includes two aspects, one is the interface consistent with the interface design; the other hand, confirm the correctness of the interface treatment. GUI testing in order to better advocate the separation of interface and functionality and design. General GUI system is divided into three levels of the interfacial layer, interface and functionality of the interface layer, function layer. GUI testing can focus on the interface layer and the interface and functionality and interface layer.
图2-1软件的界面样板
用户特征：该软件对用户无特殊要求，对全能音频软件通有基本了解即可。
假设和依赖关系
全能音频转换通用C++开发，编译器是Visual C++ 6.0，用到了MFC类库。由于不是采用标准C++，全能音频转换通只能运行在windows 98以上的操作系统上。
2.3具体需求
2.3.1
1.SRS-CHANGE-01音频文件格式转换
自动化测试就是用来测试软件在集成系统中的运行情况的。性能测试的目标是度量系统相对于预定义目标的差距。自动化测试必须有工具支持，在本次测试工作中，我们用到的测试工具为QTP。

NetTEST_II说明书_英文

PROFIBUS NetTEST II User's Guide©COMSOFTPROFIBUS NetTEST II User's GuideRev.: 2.5Date: August 05, 2005COMSOFT GmbHWachhausstrasse 5a76227 KarlsruheGermanyPhone: +49-721-9497-129 Fax: +49-721-9497-E-mail: support@comsoft.deWeb: soft.deThis manual has been made up carefully, however, even after the most thorough checks, errors might occur. If you should find some, or if you would like to suggest some improvements, please do not hesitate to do so.The information contained in this manual can be amended without prior notice and does not represent any obligation on the part of COMSOFT. We do not assume any responsibility for errors or inconsistencies and their consequences.Contents Table of Contents1 Scope of Delivery (1)2 Safety Advice (2)3 Introduction (3)4 Line Tests (5)4.1 Line Measurement (5)4.2 LiveList, SlaveDiag, and Level Detection (6)4.3 Measurement at the Running Bus (6)5 NetTEST II Menu Guide (7)5.1 Start-Up / Setting in Operation (7)5.2 Main Menu (8)5.2.1 Test without PLC (9)5.2.1.1 Segment list (10)5.2.1.2 Test with no terminators (12)5.2.1.3 Test with 1 terminator (16)5.2.1.4 Test with 2 terminators (18)5.2.1.5 Generate livelist (19)5.2.1.6 Slave ident number (20)5.2.1.7 Slave signal quality (21)5.2.1.8 Baud rate detection (22)5.2.2 Test protocol (23)5.2.2.1 Create new protocol (23)5.2.2.2 Delete (25)5.2.2.3 Display (25)5.2.2.4 Transmit (25)5.2.2.5 Test company (26)5.2.2.6 User name list (26)5.2.2.7 Customer list (27)5.2.2.8 Plant list (27)5.2.2.9 Segment list (28)5.2.3 System configuration (28)5.2.3.1 RS232 Interface (28)5.2.3.2 Device properties (29)5.2.3.3 Date / Time (30)Contents5.2.3.4 Basic parameters (30)5.2.3.5 Load parameters (32)5.2.3.6 Send parameters (32)5.2.3.7 Firmware update (33)5.2.4 GSD - library (33)5.2.4.1 New File (33)5.2.4.2 Receive GSD File (34)5.2.4.3 Delete GSD File (34)5.2.4.4 Display / Edit (34)6 Communication with a PC (35)6.1 Characteristics of HyperTerminal (35)6.2 COM Interface Configuration (36)6.3 Receive Test Protocol (37)6.4 Send File to NetTEST II (38)6.5 Send file from NetTEST II to the PC (39)7 Systems with PROFIBUS -Master Option (40)7.1 Slave line-up (41)7.1.1 Set outputs (43)7.1.2 Read inputs (43)7.1.3 Set value (43)7.1.4 Read value (43)7.1.5 Read diagnostics (43)7.2 Extended master (44)7.2.1 Master parameters (44)7.2.1.1 PROFIBUS Address (45)7.2.1.2 Profibus parameters (45)7.2.1.3 Copy from segment (46)7.2.2 Config. with livelist (46)7.2.3 COMSOFT Configurator Tool (47)7.2.3.1 Creation of a configuration (47)7.2.4 Config. with download (49)7.2.5 Slave menu (51)7.2.5.1 New slave (51)7.2.5.2 Copy slave (54)7.2.5.3 Delete slave (54)7.2.5.4 Process slave (54)7.3 Process slave (55)Contents7.3.1 Edit parameters (55)7.3.1.1 Profibus address (56)7.3.1.2 General parameters (56)7.3.1.3 Prm data (56)7.3.1.4 Cfg data (56)7.3.1.5 DP tag definitions (56)7.3.2 Line-up (56)7.3.2.1 Line-up (58)7.3.2.2 Edit slave address (58)7.3.2.3 Edit slave parameters (58)7.3.2.4 Edit prm. data (58)7.3.2.5 Edit cfg. data (59)7.3.2.6 Edit xchg. data (59)7.3.2.7 Show xchg. data (59)7.3.2.8 Edit DPTag output (59)7.3.2.9 Show DPTag input (59)7.3.2.10 Show Slave diagnostic (60)7.3.3 Single DP services (60)7.4 DPTag definitions (61)7.4.1 Display/edit tag (62)7.4.2 Create new tag (63)7.4.3 Delete tag (63)8 System with Online Functionality (64)8.1 Baud rate detection (66)8.2 Generate livelist (67)8.3 Rotation time (68)8.4 Signal level measurement (69)8.4.1 Measurement with livelist (70)8.4.2 Measurement with filter (70)8.4.2.1 Define filter (71)8.5 Signal level summary list (72)8.6 Event log (73)8.7 Event count (74)8.8 Diagnostic event (75)8.9 Settings (76)9 Operation of the Battery Charger (77)Contents10 Tips & Tricks (78)10.1 Cable Lengths in PROFIBUS Segments (78)10.2 Segment Cascading (78)10.3 Use of Stub Lines (79)11 Pin Assignment (80)12 Key Allocation (81)13 Problematic Slaves (82)14 Frequently Asked Questions: FAQ (83)15 Technical Data (85)15.1 NetTEST II (85)15.2 Plug Charger (86)TablesTable 1Segment length specification (78)Table 2Pin assignment of D-SUB 9 connector (80)Table 3Key allocation NetTEST II (81)Table 4Technical data NetTEST II (86)Table 5Technical data Plug charger (86)Contents FiguresFigure 1:Connection NetTEST II in the cable thread (5)Figure 2:Screen ‘Start-up’ (7)Figure 3:Screen ‘Main menu’ (8)Figure 4:Screen ‘Test without PLC’ (9)Figure 5:Screen ‘Segment list’ (10)Figure 6:Screen ‘Segment configuration’ (10)Figure 7:Screen ‘Test with no term’ (13)Figure 8:Screen after ‘Test with no term’ (13)Figure 9:Screen after ‘Test with 1 term.' (16)Figure 10:Screen after ‘Test with 2 term.’ (18)Figure 11:Screen ‘Generate livelist’ (19)Figure 12:Screen ‘Slave ident number’ (20)Figure 13:Screen ‘Slave signal quality’ (21)Figure 14:Screen ‘Baud rate detection’ (22)Figure 15:Screen ‘Test protocol’ (23)Figure 16:Selection menu ‘Test protocol’ (23)Figure 17:Screen ‘Test protocol with PLC’ (24)Figure 18:Screen ‘Test Company’ (26)Figure 19:Screen ‘User name list’ (26)Figure 20:Screen ‘Customer list’ (27)Figure 21:Screen ‘Plant List’ (27)Figure 22:Screen ‘System configuration’ (28)Figure 23:Screen ‘Device properties’ (29)Figure 24:Screen ‘License code’ (29)Figure 25:Screen ‘Basic parameters’ (30)Figure 26:Screen ‘GSD - library’ (33)Figure 27:Connection Setting via COM1 (35)Figure 28:Characteristics of the serial interface (36)Figure 29:"Start-up" Screen with the PB-Master (40)Figure 30:Screen ‘Line test’ (40)Figure 31:Screen ‘Profibus master mode’ (41)Figure 32:Screen ‘Slave line-up’ (41)Figure 33:Screen ‘Slave line-up’ (42)Figure 34:Screen ‘Extended master’ (44)Figure 35:Screen ‘Master parameters’ (44)Figure 36:Screen ‘Other address’ (45)Figure 37:Entry mask ‘Master configuration’ (45)Figure 38:Screen ‘Config. with livelist’ (46)Figure 39:Screen ‘context menu in the Configurator’ (47)Figure 40:Slave –Configuration Dialogue (48)Figure 41:Screen ‘Receive CFG file’ (49)Figure 42:Download Configurator -Tool dialogue (50)Figure 43:Confirmation Screen ‘Receive CFG file’ (50)ContentsFigure 44:Screen ‘Slave menu’ (51)Figure 45:Selection menu ‘New address’ (51)Figure 46:Entry mask ‘Parameter’ (52)Figure 47:Entry mask ‘User prm’ (53)Figure 48:Entry mask ‘Cfg data’ (53)Figure 49:Selection menu ‘Copy slave’ (54)Figure 50:Screen ‘Process slave’ (55)Figure 51:Screen ‘Edit parameter’ (55)Figure 52:Screen ‘Line up’ (58)Figure 53:Screen ‘Single DP services’ (60)Figure 54:Screen ‘Tag(s) use/modify’ (61)Figure 55:Selection menu ‘Display/edit tag’ (62)Figure 56:Entry mask ‘Tag data’ (62)Figure 57:"Start-up" Screen with Online Function (64)Figure 58:Screen Line test (64)Figure 59:Screen Test with PLC (65)Figure 60:Baud rate detection (66)Figure 61:Generate Slave livelist (67)Figure 62:Generate Master livelist (67)Figure 63:Rotation time (68)Figure 64:Signal level measurement (69)Figure 65:Selection menu Signal level measurement (70)Figure 66:Measurement with filter (70)Figure 67:Screen ‘Filter name’ (71)Figure 68:Screen ‘DP-Slave list’ (71)Figure 69:Screen ‘DP-Slave sorting’ (72)Figure 70:Screen ‘Signal level summary list’ (72)Figure 71:Screen ‘Event log’ (73)Figure 72:Screen ‘Event count’ (74)Figure 73:Screen ‘Diagnostic event’ (75)Figure 74:Screen ‘Settings’ (76)Scope of Delivery 1Scope of DeliveryIncluded in the scope of delivery of the NetTEST II service case are the following items:•one PROFIBUS NetTEST II cable tester•two battery packs NiMH 4,8 V/1500 mAh•one battery charging holder•one 230 VAC plug-in battery charger•power supply adapter•one PROFIBUS Stub line 0.15 m, DB9M / DB9M•one RS232 Cable connector DB9M / DB9F•one PROFIBUS Y-Cable, 0.15 m, DB9M / 2xDB9F •one PROFIBUS Bus disconnector, DB9M / DB9F•one Gender Changer DB9M / DB9F (mounted on NetTEST II)•one Gender Changer DB9M / DB9M•one Gender Changer DB9F / DB9F•one Transport case•one User’s guide•one COMSOFT Configurator-Tool(for DP Master Option)Safety Advice2Safety AdviceThe NetTEST II may only be operated with licensed NiCd batteries or NiMH batteries.•Do not immerse battery pack under water or expose it to open fire.•Do not open battery pack and do not try to replace individual battery cells.•Do not dispose of faulty battery packs with normal household garbage!•The battery pack could warm up during charging. This is a normal process and not dangerous.•Do not use other chargers than supplied and specified by COMSOFT, the batteries could otherwise be damaged. •Do not use NetTEST II in surroundings with explosion hazard.)In case that water or other liquids should have penetrated your NetTEST II, remove the battery pack or the powersupply adapter. Then have your NetTEST II checked byour Service Department. The same applies for the batterycharging holder and the plug-in battery charger.Introduction 3IntroductionWith the PROFIBUS NetTEST II you have acquired a high-quality tool for the examination of RS485-based PROFIBUSsegments.COMSOFT’s aim is to provide its users with a valuable toolfor an easy check, without extensive test methods of the correctcabling of their PROFIBUS net and to document this.Furthermore, the search for errors in already installedPROFIBUS systems shall be as easy as possible. We guess thatwe reached this target with NetTEST II, the 2nd generation ofCOMSOFT PROFIBUS test tools.Therefore it goes without saying that with NetTEST II, thechecks can be run with connected and disconnected devices. Itdoes not matter if the devices are powered or not. For physicaltesting you only have to ensure that there is no active Master(PLC) polling the bus.Besides the standard cable test, i.e. the verification of the linesregarding cable length, line impedance, correct termination,cable rupture, broken shield, stub lines, inhomogeneouscable segments, mixed up cables, short circuits, faultyPROFIBUS connectors and faulty device connections,NetTEST II disposes of PROFIBUS DP specific testfunctions. So, e.g. the livelist and the Slave Ident Number areindicated, also the transmission level of the Slaves connectedto the bus is detected per device. Furthermore, NetTEST IIdetects the current baud rate at the running bus. During thebaud rate scan a signal analysis indicates faults or errors in thecabling.IntroductionApart from these basic functions the following options are available for NetTEST II:•DP Master OptionWith the DP Master Option the set into operation ofDP Slaves is possible without the PLC. The DP Slavescan be configured with the COMSOFT PROFIBUSconfiguration tool based on the DP Slaves appropriateGSD file.•Online-FunctionThis function performs a detailed analysis of thetelegram traffic and the physical state of thePROFIBUS line.To make installation checks and error retrieval as easy as possible, we divided this manual into the following sections: •Line tests•Menu guide•PC connection•DP Master functionality (optional)•Online functionality (optional)•Tips & TricksWe hope that we can give you with our test tool NetTEST II and this manual all necessary means for a faultless function of your PROFIBUS plant. In case of queries, please contact our hotline, we will be pleased to help you with our advice.LineTests 4Line Tests4.1Line MeasurementGenerally, measurements regarding line physics can only bemade from one end of the PROFIBUS line. If you try tomeasure from any other place within the segment, you willobtain faulty results.Furthermore please make sure that during measurements noMaster is polling the bus or is sending tokens. PurePROFIBUS DP Slave devices as well as e.g. repeaters andoptical couplers must not be disconnected from the bus. Anoversight over the possible measuring points in line segmentsfor line measurement is depicted below:Figure 1: Connection NetTEST II in the cable threadLine Tests4.2Livelist, SlaveDiag, and Level DetectionTo make detections as easy as possible, the generating of the livelist, the Slave diagnosis and Slave-related transmission level detection should be effected as well from the bus end. However, you can also make these from any other available measuring point within one segment. Here, please observe that the function of the livelist and of the SlaveDiag also work via a repeater, segment coupler or optical coupler. The level detection of a Slave connected via such a device reflects only the transmission level of the repeater and not the one of the detected Slaves!4.3Measurement at the running busThe measurements at the running bus are limited to an indication of the current baud rate, as well as of the general transmission level quality of the connected Slaves. By this means, a qualitative evaluation of the level on the bus line is made. If the test tool shows reflections, the reasons for those can only be found with the line detection, which implies that the Master(s) is / are being turned off.NetTEST II Menu Guide 5NetTEST II Menu Guide5.1Start-Up / Setting in OperationCheck the completeness of the scope of delivery and charge batteries before first setting in operation. Remove the battery by gently pressing the locking and at the same time pulling down the battery placed at the rear lower side of the NetTEST II. Now place the battery into the charging holder, and check the loading procedure by means of the LED in the battery charger. For detailed information refer to the enclosed documentation of the battery charger. Remove the battery from the charging holder and push it onto the NetTEST II until you can hear it snapped in.Now push the key approx. 1s, until the PROFIBUS logo appears on the screen. Then release the key. Besides the PROFIBUS logo, the firmware version and date appears for approx. 2s.Figure 2: Screen ‘Start-up’Now the main menu is displayed automatically. The test tool is ready for operation. With various different text outputs the display is too small, this will be indicated by "^^" at the right upper and "vv" at the right lower corner of the text. Bypressing the keys you may scroll up or down in the text.NetTEST II Menu Guide5.2Main MenuThe main menu automatically appears on the display after having started the NetTEST II.Figure 3: Screen ‘Main menu’The main menu comprises the following submenus:•Line Test•Test without PLCStepwise check of cabling and test of DP Slaves,without protocol generation.•PROFIBUS Master mode (optional)Set into operation of DP Slaves without PLC.•Test with PLC (optional)Detailed analysis of the telegram traffic and thephysical state of the PROFIBUS line.•Test Protocol•Test without PLCLike Line Test – Test without PLC, however, theresults of all tests are stored in a test protocol fordocumentation purposes.•Test with PLC (optional)Like Line Test – Test with PLC, however, the resultsof all tests can be stored in a test protocol fordocumentation purposes.•System ConfigurationFor all device-specific settings.•GSD - librarySubmenu for the administration of GSD files.NetTEST II Menu Guide 5.2.1Test without PLCThe menu Test without PLC serves for stepwise physical analysis of lines. This means that the test can be executed as often as desired. Some tests are based on the reference data of the preceding test, so that this one must be run beforehand. The individual items are interlocked, so that wrong operation is impossible. For tests run under this menu, no protocol is made out.Figure 4: Screen ‘Test without PLC’For a line test, at first the design parameters for the PROFIBUS segment that has to be checked must be indicated. These indications are necessary, so that, e.g. the PROFIBUS DP specific measurements at the line segment may be executed with the real bus settings used in your plant. The settings are made in the submenu Segment list.)As soon as a option is activated (DP Master or Online- Function), the Line test menu appears under Testwithout PLC.NetTEST II Menu Guide5.2.1.1Segment listFigure 5: Screen ‘Segment list’Under Segment list, segment-specific data are stored serving as basis for the following measurements. The data are stored in the data base for line segments under the assigned segment name. From there, they can be used as basis for both individual tests and the creation of test protocols. Indications must be made as to the points listed below:•Name of line segment (max. 30 characters) •PROFIBUS baud rate (9.6 Kbit/s - 12 Mbit/s) •PROFIBUS address for master operation of NetTEST II (0-126)•PROFIBUS slot time tslot(300-5000)Figure 6: Screen ‘Segment configuration’NetTEST II Menu Guide The PROFIBUS baud rate, address and slot time are necessary for the parameterization of the installed PROFIBUS Master. With these settings, the tests Generate livelist, Slave ident number, as well as Slave signal quality are executed. Moreover, indications regarding number of:•Connectors (only number of 12 Mbit/s plugs!)•Devices (all devices with PROFIBUS plug, or connected cable)Connected devices and 12 Mbit/s PROFIBUS plugs considerable change by their inductivity resp. capacity the measuring abilities and characteristics for the NetTEST II. In order to keep these measuring insecurities in a tolerable scale, please indicate before each measurement the number of installed 12 Mbit/s plugs as well as the number of the devices connected to the bus. Please only indicate the plugs which dispose of incorporated direct-axis inductances. Devices stands for all units connected to a bus segment. This applies to Master and Slaves as well as to net components like segment couplers, repeaters, optical couplers etc.Once the data are stored in the data base, they can always be used for new tests. The data in this data base cannot be deleted, only changed by overwriting. In order to have enough spare capacity for this function, 20 memory locations are available. The respective memory locations can be reached by actuatingthe or the key.NetTEST II Menu Guide5.2.1.2Test with no terminatorsAt the beginning of each test, the Test with no term. must be carried out. For this, the NetTEST II must be connected to one end of the PROFIBUS segment. Now the user makes sure that all bus termination resistors (terminators) in the bus segment are switched off resp. removed. Furthermore, no Master may send data via the bus. Then the Test with no term. can be carried out. If, by accident, a bus terminator or Master should be active in the segment, the NetTEST II recognizes and indicates this at once. Only if no more resistance in the thread is activated and all Masters are deactivated, the NetTEST II informs about:•Line impedance•Line length (segment length))Detections in segments with PROFIBUS plugs with a disconnection function can be tricky. If, e.g., in the middle of a segment, the terminator of such a plug is activated, the NetTEST II recognizes it, if it is measured from the entrance side. However, if the measurement is made from the other end of the plug, measuring is made into the open end and a cable length, shorter than the one expected, is indicated. Therefore please check very thoroughly if all bus terminators are switched off.Another possibility of finding such a plug is measuring from the other side of the bus.Figure 7: Screen ‘Test with no term’The Test with no term. lasts for a few seconds. The duration depends on the cable length. To show the user that the system is still working, a star bar appears on the lower left hand side of the display as progress indication. Terminate the test with . Upon conclusion the result will be displayed. Attention: If you quit the test with , the Test with 1 term. cannot be executed any more, as the just scanned data were deleted.If no error is detected on the PROFIBUS segment, a "positive acknowledgement" message will appear, displaying the cable impedance and cable length according to the following figure.Figure 8: Screen after ‘Test with no term’The following error indications, that impede correct length and impedance measurement, may occur:•"No error: Impedance not detected": Cable length for the impedance measurement is too short.•"Error: No length measured": Cable length is either too short for length measurement or there is no cable connected.•"Error: A<->shield / B<->shield short circuit": There is a low ohmic resistance between signal wire and shield.•"Error: A<->B Short circuit or unpowered termination": There is a low ohmic resistance between the signal wires, which might be caused for example by a bus termination without power supply.•"Error: A<->B Irregularity, wrong termination or illegal termination ": There is an unacceptable ohmic resistance between the signal wires, that stands in no relation to the magnitude of a bus termination either with or without power supply. The cause might be for example an incorrectly connected bus termination.•"Error: A<->B Terminator": There is a powered bus termination (possibly along the line), which impedes impedance and length measurement.•"Error: A<->shield / B<->shield high imp. fault": There is a high ohmic resistance between signal wire and shield. •"Error: A<->B Capacitive load, junction or Impedance changes": There is a capacitive resistance between the signal wires, which might be caused by a PROFIBUS device with unauthorized bus coupling, a branch or switch over to a inadmissible cable type.•"Error: Possible broken line of shield / of signal line A/B distance XX m": Result of the length measurement is significantly different for the various lines and shields. •"Error: uncertain situation / possibly broken line of shield or of signal line A/B. Please repeat measurement at the opposite segment-end": Result of the cable length measurement for the various different lines and shields is so different, that no specific statement about the respective line segment is possible. Should the measurement on the other line end give correct results, then the measurement may be considered o.k. In particular, this effect may be observed with cable coils or cable drums in the PROFIBUS network.With each of these error messages there may be an indication of a distance. Some errors (e.g. invalid termination) do not give conclusive information about the distance. Moreover, all error messages may also include the indication "uncertain error". This may be indicated, if the cause of the error could be detected only roughly, thus permitting only an error estimation.)Also with uncertain error situations, the PROFIBUS segment has problems in any case, even if themeasured error is relatively small. Due to EMV andhigh baud rates (≥1.5 Mbit) this may lead to severecommunication problems.An effective method for determining errors in theirposition is to divide the segment into several sub-segments, and to submit them to separate examinations.)All error indications are also displayed with the key.5.2.1.3Test with 1 terminatorPrior to the Test with 1 term., in any case the Test with no term. must be completed. If this was not made, the user is being informed about this and can immediately make up for this test. For the Test with 1 term., the terminator at the bus end opposite to the NetTEST II must be switched on and set under current. With a DP Slave unit or another passive bus participant, the plug can be connected directly, the terminator added and the unit switched on. If the unit at the end of the line segment is a PROFIBUS Master, take care that the bus participant does not actively send data onto the bus. This can e.g. be realized by a bus disconnector. Via the bus disconnector, the bus terminator in the PROFIBUS plug is supplied with power, but the bus line is interrupted by a mechanical switch in direction to the line segment.Upon conclusion of the test the result will be displayed on the screen.If no error is detected with the Test with 1 term on the PROFIBUS segment, a "positive acknowledgement" will appear, according to the following figure.Figure 9: Screen after ‘Test with 1 term.'In case of errors, the following error messages may be displayed:•"Error: no termination or switch defect": No valid termination could be detected.•"Error: Your terminator is not at the far end of the segment !": Contrary to the instruction the terminator was switched at the near segment end.•"Error: A<->B twisted": Mix up of signal lines. •"Error: A<->shield / B<->shield short circuit ": There isa low ohmic resistance in the cable between signal wireand shield.•"Error: A<->B short circuit or bus terminal without power supply": There is a low ohmic resistance in the cable between the signal wires.•"Error: A<->B Irregularity, Wrong termination or illegal termination": There is an inadmissible ohmic resistance between the signal wires, that stands in no relation to the magnitude of a bus termination either with or without power supply, for example caused by a wrongly connected bus termination.The Test with 1 term. must also be terminated by the key in order to be able to execute the following test.5.2.1.4Test with 2 terminatorsFollowing the Test with 1 term., the Test with 2 term. is started. Here it is checked if the bus terminator at the line end of the NetTEST II was switched on additionally. For this test, the terminator must also be supplied with power. This can easily be done from the last unit in the segment. If this should be a Master which cannot be made passive, the data line has again to be disconnected from the segment via a bus disconnector.Figure 10: Screen after ‘Test with 2 term.’If the Test with 2 term. was terminated successfully, it can be taken for granted that the cabling in the segment was done correctly. If during the test with NetTEST II an error should has been detected, this would be depicted on the display by a graphic and text indication.Possible error messages are described in detail in chapters 5.2.1.2and 5.2.1.35.2.1.5Generate livelistFigure 11: Screen ‘Generate livelist’In the menu Generate livelist, NetTEST II scans all possible bus addresses from 0....126 for PROFIBUS DP Slave participants. For this, a FDL request is effected several times on each address. If a device answers with OK, its bus address appears on the display. The unit counter is incremented by one. To ensure that also extremely slow units are recognized, the test takes approx. 30 seconds. Should all connected units already be recognized, the user can truncate the test with . Should there be more units than depictable on one display screen, the user can scroll through after the test withkeys.To be able to execute further tests, Generate livelist must by all means be terminated by . Only then the recognized units are registered in the internal memory, so that for these in the following test, a Slave_Diag_Req can be run. If the test is quit by , no slave diagnosis can be executed afterwards!。

T WLAN 终端整机成品测试操作手册(IQ2010)-V1.0

提示： 2a, 测试环境必须屏蔽； 2b, 使用电脑的USB口的对外处在良好的连接状态对测试的顺利进行很重要，如存在USB口“供电不足”的问题，可考虑增加带自供电的外置USB Hub; 3c, 电脑系统安装的“防火墙”可能会对测试需要的USB连接带来“负”作用，最好在测试时，处在关闭状态；
2
3, 关于非传导的“辐射测试”的连接补充说明：
使用前面校准得到的来设定衰减补偿，确保测试精度
“连接”IQ测试仪,OK后
选择测试项目
做Rx测试前,建议将此项“打勾”选上
温馨提示：除下页2b中的补充说明外，请它的设定不变，使用“缺省”。
测试频点的设定会自动跟随前面菜单1设定调整
选择测试的Band的调制模式 11b 对应CCK/DSSS 11g 对应OFDM-11G 11a 对应OFDM-11A(5.8G) 11n 对应OFDM-HT20或OFDM-HT40
RF口，同时“50Ώ被测试品”接口，在做传导测试时，连接到被测试品德天线接口，而在做“辐射测试”时连接到测量耦合天线B上，对于“辐射测试”，还需要连接Netest盒子前面板上的RF2端口到“连接用天线A” 上。 c. 无线连接通道有二个：通道A负责Netest的专用AP对被测试DUT的工作频点，Band(a/b/g/n)等控制,与具体的测试分析过程没有直接关系；通道B是真正的RF测试部分;
图4 配置电脑的IP地址 3
b, Ping 电脑与Netest盒子内置专用AP(如图5)
图5 确认网线连接正常 c, 确定Netest中的内置AP可以正常启动
继续前面的用网线连接电脑与 Netest硬件盒子背后的内置专用 AP的LAN口(有4个黄色的LAN口，连接其中的任何一个都可以)在 DOS，用命令行Ping 192.168.1.2 –t来Ping AP, 如Ping的通，说明设定和网线连接正常，“-t”的产生使用可以显示Ping的时间，通常小于10ms; 使用Ctrl+c可以结束有关命令。

网络测试与分析工具概述

网络测试与分析工具概述一、基本原理网络测试与分析工具的基本原理是通过发送特定的网络流量来模拟用户使用网络的情况，然后收集和分析返回的数据包，并生成相应的性能报告。

这些工具可以模拟不同类型的流量，如HTTP、FTP、VoIP、视频流等，以检测网络的带宽、延迟、丢包率等指标，并提供相应的性能优化建议。

二、常见类型网络测试与分析工具按照其功能和应用领域可以分为以下几类：1. 网络性能测试工具：用于测试网络带宽、延迟、丢包率等性能指标。

常见的工具有iPerf、PingPlotter、NetSpeedMonitor等。

2. 网络流量监测工具：用于实时监测网络流量并生成相应的统计报告，以便管理员了解网络的使用情况和瓶颈。

常见的工具有Wireshark、tcpdump、ntop等。

3. 网络故障诊断工具：用于诊断和定位网络故障，帮助管理员快速解决网络问题。

常见的工具有Traceroute、Ping、NetStat等。

4. 网络安全扫描工具：用于检测网络中的安全漏洞和风险，并提供相应的安全建议。

常见的工具有Nmap、Wi-Fi Inspector、NetScanTools等。

三、功能特点网络测试与分析工具具有以下一些常见的功能特点：1. 实时监测：工具能够实时监测网络性能指标，如带宽、延迟、丢包率等，并生成相应的报告。

管理员可以通过这些报告了解网络的使用情况和瓶颈，以便进行优化。

2. 灵活配置：工具提供灵活的配置选项，可以根据具体需求进行调整。

管理员可以设置测试流量的类型、大小、频率等，以及监测的指标和报告格式等。

3. 强大的分析功能：工具能够分析网络流量中的各种指标，如数据包的大小、生存时间、源地址、目的地址等。

管理员可以通过这些分析结果找出网络瓶颈、网络故障和安全风险，并提供相应的解决方案。

4. 用户友好界面：工具通常提供直观友好的图形用户界面(GUI)，使得管理员能够轻松进行配置和使用。

同时，一些工具还提供图表和图形化报告，使得分析结果更加直观。

Silk Test 15.0 Silk4NET Web Edition 发行说明说明书

发行说明Micro Focus575 Anton Blvd., Suite 510Costa Mesa, CA 92626Copyright © Micro Focus 2014. All rights reserved. Portions Copyright © 1992-2009 BorlandSoftware Corporation (a Micro Focus company).MICRO FOCUS, the Micro Focus logo, and Micro Focus product names are trademarks orregistered trademarks of Micro Focus IP Development Limited or its subsidiaries or affiliatedcompanies in the United States, United Kingdom, and other countries.BORLAND, the Borland logo, and Borland product names are trademarks or registeredtrademarks of Borland Software Corporation or its subsidiaries or affiliated companies in theUnited States, United Kingdom, and other countries.All other marks are the property of their respective owners.2014-03-25ii内容发行说明 (4)系统要求和先决条件 (5)硬件要求 (5)安装说明 (6)Silk4NET Web Edition 的新增功能 (7)Microsoft Windows 8.1 支持 (7)轻松录制和重放 (7)扩展现有测试 (7)Microsoft Visual Studio 2013 (7)Internet Explorer 支持 (7)Mozilla Firefox 支持 (7)Google Chrome 支持 (8)Apache Flex 支持 (8)已知问题 (9)一般问题 (9)Silk4NET (10)Internet Explorer (11)Mozilla Firefox (11)Google Chrome (12)解决的问题 (13)许可信息 (14)测试的软件 (15)内容 | 3发行说明此文件包含可能不会出现在“帮助”中的重要信息。

软件测试

软件测试课程标准软件技术专业二○○九年六月目录一、课程定位与设计思路 (1)（一）课程定位 (1)（二）设计思路 (1)二、课程目标 (2)（一）知识目标 (2)（二）能力目标 (3)（三）素质目标 (3)三、教学内容 (3)四、教学设计 (4)五、考核与评价 (9)六、实施建议 (9)（一）教材及相关资源开发建议 (10)（二）教学师资配备建议 (10)（三）教学条件配备建议 (10)（四）教学考核与评价建议 (10)（五）其他 (11)软件测试课程标准课程名称：软件测试课程代码：010321005课程类别：专业基础与专业课程课程性质：必修课程课程学分：6 课程学时：96适用专业：软件技术开课学期:第 4 学期一、课程定位与设计思路（一）课程定位软件测试是软件技术专业开设的一门专业核心课程、专业必修课程，在专业课程体系中占有重要的地位。

本课程通过项目教学的方式，采用多种教学方法, 主要培养软件测试员的岗位能力，同时培养学生自主学习、分析解决问题及与人沟通等能力。

前修课程:办公应用、程序设计基础、数据库技术、界面设计、软件编程。

后续课程:企业级软件项目开发、数据库管理与应用、软件技术服务等。

（二）设计思路通过对软件技术专业岗位群的分析，确定本课程为软件技术专业的核心课程。

经过与企业专家研讨，确定了本课程的教学项目，教学项目的设计以学生已具有的专业技能为入口，以项目的测试分析报告为检验标准，为后续课程的学习打下良好基础。

本课程学时为 96 学时，学分为 6 学分。

整体设计思路：1.校企合作进一步深化校企合作，实施“点对面订单式”人才培养模式，校企共建开发课程资源：案例库、实践技能测试题库、特色教材、测试流程及测试工具。

2.内容选取通过对软件测试岗位工作任务分析，以软件测试员职业岗位能力培养为主线，我们将教学内容分为两个项目：网上购物系统的测试和超市管理系统的测试，本课程主要围绕这两个项目展开教学和训练。

网络测试仪,网络分析仪,准确检测profibus DP网络

Profibus网络测试仪更多详情，请点击型号：NetTEST IIHightech PROFIBUS Line Analysis由于PROFIBUS DP分区的的错误检测的复杂程度很高，因此分析和测试工具是必不可少的。

使用comsoft NetTEST II分析和测试工具，一个PROFIBUS DP分区能够被系统地测试。

大部分的常见错误，比如安装错误，短路，线缆中断，或者屏蔽中断能够在实际操作之前被检测和解决——不管DP从站是连接还是断开，是通电还是断电。

在每一个PROFIBUS DP分区的始端或者末端，通过NetTEST II进行检修有以下三个步骤：1、不带端接器测试：两个总线端接器都必须关闭。

2、带一个端接器测试：在远程总线端的总线端接器必须打开和通电。

3、带两个端接器测试：两个总线端接器都必须打开和通电。

为防止第二个总线端接器是通过PLC（profibus 主站）上电的，包含在发送包的总线隔离开关能够用以切断信号线。

NetTEST II能够检测和准确找出以下错误：◆两根信号线A和B之间的短路◆信号线A或者信号线B以及屏蔽情况◆线缆中断或者屏蔽中断◆交叉的信号线A-B◆不准确的或者丢失的总线端接器◆总线端接器的错误位置◆不允许的线缆长度◆错误的总线电缆波阻抗◆错误类型的电缆◆不够高的传送和接收级别◆不允许的支线◆反射可以设置不同的灵敏度级别，甚至是毫伏级。

因此，由于多重接地屏蔽引起的最小的反射也能够被测出。

如果最高灵敏度级别也显示无误，那么关于屏蔽或者导线束中断的安装会是最高质量的。

另外，NetTEST II也能生成一个从站列表，这个列表提供了所有可操作的DP从站的识别号，并可评估RS485接口的传输电平。

与PLC的一般操作中，传输和接收电平能够被检查是否不可接收或者有反射，并且实际的波特率也能被显示出来。

所有的结果都能归档在一个详细的测试记录中。

这包括，比如，一组检验和，这组检测和能够使其在操作时与测试记录做核对。

iTester交换机测试方案

交换机测试方案北京信而泰科技有限公司目录1.基本功能测试 (1)1.1端口速率自适应 (1)1.2端口的二层线速吞吐能力 (2)2.生成树与链路聚合测试 (3)2.1生成树 (3)2.1.1 标准生成树协议 (3)2.1.2多生成树协议 (4)2.1.3快速生成树协议 (5)2.2链路聚合测试 (6)2.2.1手动链路聚合 (6)2.2.2自动链路聚合 (7)3.VLAN测试 (8)3.1基于端口的VLAN (8)3.2基于802.1Q的VLAN (9)3.3最大VLAN数为4096 (10)4.组播测试 (11)4.1IGMPV1、V2、V3组管理协议 (11)4.2IGMP S NOOPING组管理协议 (13)5服务质量测试 (14)5.1基于MAC地址的流分类 (14)5.2基于IP地址的流分类 (15)5.3基于应用类型的流分类 (16)5.4802.1P/DSCP优先级功能 (17)5.5队列调度功能 (18)5.6拥塞避免机制功能 (19)5.7转发延迟、延迟抖动时间 (20)6. 网络监控、管理和安全测试 (21)6.1端口镜像功能 (21)6.2 S F LOW流量统计功能 (22)6.3管理功能 (23)6.3.1 CLI、Telnet界面管理功能 (23)6.3.2 Web界面管理功能 (24)6.4SNMP网络管理协议 (25)6.5ACL流过滤功能测试 (26)6.6广播风暴的抑制功能 (27)6.7RMON网络管理协议 (28)7. 802.1X安全认证测试 (29)8. 流量控制 (30)8.1全双工模式下 (30)8.2半双工模式下 (31)9.VRRP协议测试 (32)10. 环网保护测试 (33)11. ICMP协议测试 (34)11.1ICMP目的地不可达消息报文 (34)11.2ICMP回应请求应答消息报文 (36)11.3未知类型的ICMP消息的处理 (37)12. OSPF协议测试 (38)13. RIP协议测试 (39)13.1RIP V1应答报文定时器 (39)13.2RIP V2应答报文端口非法 (40)14. PIM-SM协议测试 (41)1.基本功能测试1.1 端口速率自适应测试编号：1项目：基本功能测试测试子项目：端口速率自适应测试测试目的：验证交换机端口设计是否达到标准测试连接图：测试过程：1. 如图搭建网络环境，确保各连接端口状态为UP；2. 参照测试结果里的表格更改测试仪和DUT的端口速率；3. 观察不同速率之间是否能相互通信。

Spirent Testcenter基本配置使用说明_1022

同维电子有限公司测试部拟制人时间葛佰艳2010年10月22日Testcenter基本配置使用说明一、基本单播流配置1、连接testenter1）、双击如下图标：2）、对于挑出的该对话框可以点选“close”，测试中如果需要随时可以添加后续需要添加，可以点选工具栏里面的“Technologies”，具体如下图：3）、点选工具栏里面的“Actions”“Chassis”“Port Reservation”4）、在如上操作弹出的对话框中点选“Add Chassis”5）、在如上操作弹出的对话框中输入IP地址后，点选ok。

6）、选中测试使用的端口，点选“ok”，具体如下：备注：testcenter 2个端口为一张板卡，所以即使不使用12口，使用11口，则12口也不能再次被其他人使用。

2、基本编辑流量1）、testcenter的端口默认下是copper，如使用的是光口，需要进行切换，具体如下：点选完“Fiber”后，点选“Apply”将配置应用。

2)、依次操作如下：3）、按照如上操作后，会弹出如下对话框，依次进行如下配置A、进行“stream name”，“Frame size”设置。

B、点选上图的“Frame”进行，mac地址配置，具体如下（此时为untag包）：C、如为tag包，需要依次进行如下操作：添加测试所要使用的Vlan IDD、设置接收端口：将接收端口添加到“Receive ports”列，点选“ok”，具体如下：E、进行流量配置：点选“Load per stream block”，针对每条流进行速率配置。

F、不同端口的流量编辑ok后，可以进行打包可以点选1的方式进行“针对所有端口，或者选中某个端口的“Traffic generator”,右键点选2进行操作，暂停则按照相反操作。

3、抓包A、第一次使用testcener的抓包功能需要进行如下配置选中某个端口的“captuer”“setting”“browers”后，点选电脑中“wireshark”的安装文件路径。

3GPP 5G基站(BS)R16版本一致性测试英文原版(3GPP TS 38.141-1)

4.2.2
BS type 1-H.................................................................................................................................................. 26
4.3
Base station classes............................................................................................................................................27
1 Scope.......................................................................................................................................................13
All rights reserved. UMTS™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its members 3GPP™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners LTE™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners GSM® and the GSM logo are registered and owned by the GSM Association

应用层网络设备性能评估与测试方法

目录1. 传统网络层性能指标不适合应用层 (2)2. 网络层性能指标回顾 (2)2.1RFC对网络设备性能的定义 (2)2.2吞吐量是网络层性能的首要指标 (4)3. 应用层性能指标 (4)3.1应用层网络设备特点 (4)3.2NSS Labs对应用层性能的定义 (5)3. 小结 (7)4. 应用层性能测试方法 (7)4.1逼近“真实世界”的流量模型 (7)4.2应用层性能指标与测试方法 (8)5. 结论 (9)6. 关于网康科技 (10)1.传统网络层性能指标不适合应用层用户对网络业务的可视性、可管理性要求越来越高，要求能从业务视角理解网络流量，并针对应用制定管理策略。

因此近十年来，各种创新的应用层网络产品雨后春笋般涌现出来，比如上网行为管理、智能流量管理、Web应用防火墙（WAF）等，下图为某运营网络的流量走势图，通过以网络应用而非传统的TCP/UDP对流量分类，可以更直观地看到流量的构成与分布。

另外，传统的网络层安全产品也在向应用层安全设备演进，如传统防火墙、IPS，由于缺乏应用识别与控制能力，正在被面向应用层的下一代防火墙（NGFW）、下一代IPS 产品取代。

某运营网络流量走势性能是网络设备选型必须考虑的因素，目前通用的性能指标和评估方法都是基于网络层的，不适合应用层的特点。

由于缺乏相应标准，业内仍普遍以网络层性能参数来衡量应用层性能，这既不利于用户选型使用，也不利于产品规划发展。

因此很有必要讨论适合应用层特点的网络设备性能指标与评估方法。

2.网络层性能指标回顾2.1RFC对网络设备性能的定义传统网络设备性能标准主要来源于3个RFC文档：RFC1242，RFC2544和RFC3511。

其中，RFC1242定义了网络性能基准测试及测试结果用到的基本术语，最重要的4个是：吞吐量，丢包率，延迟，背靠背。

RFC2544对上述性能评测参数的具体测试方法、结果提交形式作了较详细的规定。

RFC3511详细描述了防火墙设备的测试标准与方法，对RFC2544中的指标如何测试提供了更详细的指导。

技术选型指南

■总体原则
尽量选用免费、成熟、先进、主流、有发展前景的技术
后台服务均应采用64位版本
不要过于守旧，尽量采用最新稳定版，以减少BUG、提高性能、增强功能，除非已知兼容性问题
尽量采用官方二进制发行版，必须基于源代码编译时，需要对编译参数进行仔细考察
需要某软件时，首先从公司标准软件库中查找，若需要比标准库中更新的版本，可自行下载或向标准库管理员申请
需要采用某软件而难于下载到或者在公司下载速度过慢时，可请企信办帮忙下载或找专家组提供，不能随意放弃使用最理想的软件及版本当清单中的技术无法满足项目需要时才应考虑其它技术，在技术评审环节应向评委说明原因
本清单中未提及的领域可自行技术选型，如果有广泛使用的前景，可考虑纳入技术选型范围
运营型项目原则上不选用商业付费软件，准备选用商业付费软件又没有计划购买的，需至技术委员会报备
产品或交付型项目根据客户需要对商业付费软件进行选型
■编程语言
■开发工具
■程序库和框架
■版本管理
■构建技术
■操作系统
■WEB服务器
■应用服务器
■关系数据库
■非关系型数据库
■中间件
■单元测试框架
■自动化测试
■性能测试
■备份
■监控
■HA
■负载均衡
■安全上需要关注的组件和系统。

企业网络设备选型测试报告-思科

企业网络设备选型测试报告（思科设备）目录1前言 (4)2测试目的 (4)3测试环境 (4)3.1测试设备 (4)3.2硬件配置 (5)3.3网络拓扑 (5)3.3.1网络测试拓扑 (5)4测试案例 (6)4.1案例设计 (6)4.2测试结果 (7)4.2.1功能测试 (7)4.2.1.1IPSLA测试 (7)4.2.1.2BFD测试 (7)4.2.1.3OSPF路由协议测试-1 (8)4.2.1.4OSPF路由协议测试-2 (8)4.2.1.5OSPF路由域加密测试-1 (9)4.2.1.6OSPF路由域加密测试-2 (9)4.2.1.7VLAN测试 (9)4.2.1.8TRUNK测试 (10)4.2.1.9基于策略的路由发布 (10)4.2.1.10QoS测试 (11)4.2.1.11MSTP接口的子接口配置测试 (11)4.2.1.12STM-1模块配置测试 (12)4.2.1.13ATM模块配置测试 (12)4.2.1.142M SDH模块配置测试 (13)4.2.1.15EBGP路由协议测试 (13)4.2.1.16iBGP路由协议测试 (14)4.2.1.17VPN协议测试 (14)4.2.1.18L2TP协议测试 (14)4.2.1.19HSRP协议测试 (15)4.2.1.20NTP协议测试 (15)4.2.1.21NAT协议测试 (16)4.2.2性能测试 (16)4.2.2.1转发性能测试 (16)4.2.2.2防火墙新建连接数测试 (17)4.2.3高可用测试 (17)4.2.3.1电源冗余测试 (17)4.2.3.2引擎高可用测试 (18)4.2.3.3网关切换测试 (18)4.2.3.4TRUNK中断测试-1 (19)4.2.3.5TRUNK中断测试-2 (19)4.2.3.6TRUNK中断测试-3 (20)4.2.3.7TRUNK中断测试-4 (20)4.2.3.8防火墙主/备切换测试-1 (21)4.2.3.9防火墙主/备切换测试-2 (21)4.2.3.10主上联路由器宕机测试 (22)4.2.3.11内网主交换机宕机测试 (23)4.2.3.12外网主交换机宕机测试 (23)4.2.3.13外网主路由器宕机测试 (23)4.2.4稳定性测试 (24)4.2.4.1烤机 (24)4.2.4.2重启 (24)5测试总结 (25)1 前言分公司网络设备平均使用年限已近6年，到了设备升级更新的阶段。

网络分析工具包（netUtils）0.8.2版本说明书

Package‘netUtils’June29,2023Title A Collection of Tools for Network AnalysisVersion0.8.2Description Provides a collection of network analytic(convenience)functions which are miss-ing in other standard packages.This includes triad census with at-tributes<doi:10.1016/j.socnet.2019.04.003>,core-periphery models<doi:10.1016/S0378-8733(99)00019-2>,and several graph generators.Most functions are build upon'igraph'.URL https:///schochastics/netUtils/BugReports https:///schochastics/netUtils/issuesLicense MIT+ﬁle LICENSEEncoding UTF-8RoxygenNote7.2.3LinkingTo Rcpp,RcppArmadilloImports Rcpp,igraph,statsSuggests covr,GA,testthat(>=3.0.0)Conﬁg/testthat/edition3NeedsCompilation yesAuthor David Schoch[aut,cre](<https:///0000-0003-2952-4812>)Maintainer David Schoch<**********************>Repository CRANDate/Publication2023-06-2916:40:08UTCR topics documented:as_adj_list1 (2)as_adj_weighted (3)as_multi_adj (4)bipartite_from_data_frame (4)clique_vertex_mat (5)core_periphery (6)dyad_census_attr (7)12as_adj_list1 fast_cliques (7)graph_cartesian (8)graph_cor (9)graph_direct (10)graph_from_multi_edgelist (11)graph_kpartite (12)graph_to_sage (12)helpers (13)reciprocity_cor (13)sample_coreseq (14)sample_lfr (15)sample_pa_homophilic (17)split_graph (18)str.igraph (19)structural_equivalence (19)triad_census_attr (20)Index22 as_adj_list1Adjacency listDescriptionCreate adjacency lists from a graph,either for adjacent edges or for neighboring vertices.This version is faster than the version of igraph but less general.Usageas_adj_list1(g)Argumentsg An igraph objectDetailsThe function does not have a mode parameter and only returns the adjacency list comparable to as_adj_list(g,mode="all)ValueA list of numeric vectors.Author(s)David Schochas_adj_weighted3Exampleslibrary(igraph)g<-make_ring(10)as_adj_list1(g)as_adj_weighted weighted dense adjacency matrixDescriptionreturns the weighted adjacency matrix in dense formatUsageas_adj_weighted(g,attr=NULL)Argumentsg An igraph objectattr Either NULL or a character string giving an edge attribute name.If NULL a traditional adjacency matrix is returned.If not NULL then the values of thegiven edge attribute are included in the adjacency matrix.DetailsThis method is faster than as_adj from igraph if you need the weighted adjacency matrix in dense formatValueNumeric matrixAuthor(s)David SchochExampleslibrary(igraph)g<-sample_gnp(10,0.2)E(g)$weight<-runif(ecount(g))as_adj_weighted(g,attr="weight")4bipartite_from_data_frame as_multi_adj Convert a list of graphs to an adjacency matricesDescriptionConvenience function that turns a list of igraph objects into adjacency matrices.Usageas_multi_adj(g_lst,attr=NULL,sparse=FALSE)Argumentsg_lst A list of igraph objectattr Either NULL or a character string giving an edge attribute name.If NULL a binary adjacency matrix is returned.sparse Logical scalar,whether to create a sparse matrix.The’Matrix’package must be installed for creating sparse matrices.ValueList of numeric matricesAuthor(s)David Schochbipartite_from_data_frametwo-mode network from a data.frameDescriptionCreate a two-mode network from a data.frameUsagebipartite_from_data_frame(d,type1,type2,attr=NULL,weighted=TRUE) Argumentsd data.frametype1column name of mode1type2column name of mode2attr named list of edge attributesweighted should a weighted graph be created if multiple edges occurclique_vertex_mat5 Valuetwo mode network as igraph objectAuthor(s)David SchochExampleslibrary(igraph)edges<-data.frame(mode1=1:5,mode2=letters[1:5])bipartite_from_data_frame(edges,"mode1","mode2")clique_vertex_mat Clique Vertex MatrixDescriptionCreates the clique vertex matrix with entries(i,j)equal to one if node j is in clique iUsageclique_vertex_mat(g)Argumentsg An igraph objectValueNumeric matrixAuthor(s)David SchochExampleslibrary(igraph)g<-sample_gnp(10,0.2)clique_vertex_mat(g)6core_periphery core_periphery Discrete core-periphery modelDescriptionFits a discrete core-periphery model to a given networkUsagecore_periphery(graph,method="rk1_dc",iter=500,...)Argumentsgraph igraph objectmethod algorithm to use(see details)iter number of iterations if method=GA...other parameters for GADetailsThe functionﬁts the data to an optimal pattern matrix with a genetic algorithm(method="GA") or a rank1approximation,either with degree centrality(method="rk1_dc")or eigenvector central-ity(method="rk1_ec").The rank1approximation is computationally far cheaper but also more experimental.Best is to compare the results from both models.Valuelist with numeric vector with entries(k1,k2,...ki...)where ki assigns vertex i to either the core(ki=1) or periphery(ki=0),and the maximal correlation with an optimal pattern matrixAuthor(s)David SchochReferencesBorgatti,Stephen P.,and Martin G.Everett."Models of core/periphery structures."Social networks21.4(2000):375-395.Examplesset.seed(121)#split graphs have a perfect core-periphery structuresg<-split_graph(n=20,p=0.3,core=0.5)core_periphery(sg)dyad_census_attr7 dyad_census_attr dyad census with node attributesDescriptiondyad census with node attributesUsagedyad_census_attr(g,vattr)Argumentsg igraph object.should be a directed graph.vattr name of vertex attribute to be used.DetailsThe node attribute should be integers from1to max(attr)Valuedyad census as a data.frame.Author(s)David SchochExampleslibrary(igraph)g<-sample_gnp(10,0.4,directed=TRUE)V(g)$attr<-c(rep(1,5),rep(2,5))dyad_census_attr(g,"attr")fast_cliques Find Cliques,maximal or not,fastDescriptionEnumerates all(maximal)cliques using MACE.Can be faster than igraph in some circumstances Usagefast_cliques(g,what="M",min=NULL,max=NULL,outfile=NA)8graph_cartesianArgumentsg An igraph objectwhat either"M"for maximal cliques or"C"for all cliquesmin Numeric constant,lower limit on the size of the cliques toﬁnd.NULL meansno limit,ie.it is the same as0max Numeric constant,upper limit on the size of the cliques toﬁnd.NULL meansno limitoutfile character.If not NA,cliques are written toﬁleDetailsC Code downloaded from http://research.nii.ac.jp/~uno/codes.htm.Download the code and runmake and then point an environment variable called MACE_PATH to the binary.See http://research.nii.ac.jp/~uno/code/mace.for more details.MACE is faster than igraph for dense graphs.Valuea list containing numeric vectors of vertex ids.Each list element is a clique.If outﬁle!=NA,theoutput is written to the speciﬁedﬁleAuthor(s)David SchochReferencesKazuhisa Makino,Takeaki Uno,"New Algorithms for Enumerating All Maximal Cliques",LectureNotes in Computer Science3111(Proceedings of SW AT2004),Springer,pp.260-272,2004graph_cartesian Cartesian product of two graphsDescriptionCompute the Cartesian product of two graphsUsagegraph_cartesian(g,h)Argumentsg An igraph objecth An igraph objectgraph_cor9DetailsSee https:///wiki/Cartesian_product_of_graphsValueCartesian product as igraph objectAuthor(s)David SchochExampleslibrary(igraph)g<-make_ring(4)h<-make_full_graph(2)graph_cartesian(g,h)graph_cor Graph correlationDescriptionThis function computes the correlation between networks.Implemented methods expect the graph to be an adjacency matrix,an igraph,or a network object.Usagegraph_cor(object1,object2)##Default S3method:graph_cor(object1,object2)##S3method for class igraphgraph_cor(object1,object2,...)##S3method for class matrixgraph_cor(object1,object2)##S3method for class arraygraph_cor(object1,object2)Argumentsobject1igraph object or adjacency matrixobject2igraph object or adjacency matrix over the same vertex set as object1...additional arguments10graph_direct Valuecorrelation between graphsgraph_direct Direct product of two graphsDescriptionCompute the direct product of two graphsUsagegraph_direct(g,h)Argumentsg An igraph objecth An igraph objectDetailsSee https:///wiki/Tensor_product_of_graphsValueDirect product as igraph objectAuthor(s)David SchochExampleslibrary(igraph)g<-make_ring(4)h<-make_full_graph(2)graph_direct(g,h)graph_from_multi_edgelist11 graph_from_multi_edgelistMultiple networks from a single edgelist with a typed attributeDescriptionCreate a list of igraph objects from an edgelist according to a type attributeUsagegraph_from_multi_edgelist(d,from=NULL,to=NULL,type=NULL,weight=NULL,directed=FALSE)Argumentsd data frame.from column name of sender.If NULL,defaults toﬁrst column.to column of receiver.If NULL,defaults to second column.type type attribute to split the edgelist.If NULL,defaults to third column.weight optional column name of edge weights.Ignored if NULL.directed logical scalar,whether or not to create a directed graph.Valuelist of igraph objects.Author(s)David SchochExampleslibrary(igraph)d<-data.frame(from=rep(c(1,2,3),3),to=rep(c(2,3,1),3),type=rep(c("a","b","c"),each=3),weight=1:9)graph_from_multi_edgelist(d,"from","to","type","weight")12graph_to_sage graph_kpartite k partite graphsDescriptionCreate a random k-partite graph.Usagegraph_kpartite(n=10,grp=c(5,5))Argumentsn number of nodesgrp vector of partition sizesValueigraph objectAuthor(s)David SchochExamples#3-partite graph with equal sized groupsgraph_kpartite(n=15,grp=c(5,5,5))graph_to_sage convert igraph object to sage formatDescriptionconvert igraph object to sage format to be read in SAGEUsagegraph_to_sage(g)Argumentsg igraph objectValuesage stringhelpers13 Author(s)David Schochhelpers helper functionDescriptionsmall functions to deal with typical network problemsUsagebiggest_component(g)delete_isolates(g)Argumentsg igraph objectValueigraph objectAuthor(s)David Schochreciprocity_cor Reciprocity correlation coefﬁcientDescriptionReciprocity correlation coefﬁcientUsagereciprocity_cor(g)Argumentsg igraph object.should be a directed graph14sample_coreseqDetailsThe usual deﬁnition of reciprocity has some defects.It cannot tell the relative difference of reci-procity compared with purely random network with the same number of vertices and edges.The useful information from reciprocity is not the value itself,but whether mutual links occur more or less often than expected by chance.To overcome this issue,reciprocity can be deﬁned as the correlation coefﬁcient between the entries of the adjacency matrix of a directed graph:i=j (a ij−a )((a ji−a )i=j(a ij−a )2where a’is the density of g.This deﬁnition gives an absolute quantity which directly allows one to distinguish between recip-rocal(>0)and antireciprocal(<0)networks,with mutual links occurring more and less often than random respectively.ValueReciprocity as a correlationAuthor(s)David SchochReferencesDiego Garlaschelli;Loffredo,Maria I.(2004)."Patterns of Link Reciprocity in Directed Networks".Physical Review Letters.American Physical Society.93(26):268701Exampleslibrary(igraph)g<-sample_gnp(20,p=0.3,directed=TRUE)reciprocity(g)reciprocity_cor(g)sample_coreseq Generate random graphs with a given coreness sequenceDescriptionSimilar to sample_degseq just with corenessUsagesample_coreseq(cores)Argumentscores coreness sequenceDetailsThe code is an adaption of the python code from https:///ktvank/Random-Graphs-with-Prescribed-K-Core-Sequences/Valueigraph object of graph with the same coreness sequence as the inputAuthor(s)David SchochReferencesVan Koevering,Katherine,Austin R.Benson,and Jon Kleinberg.2021.‘Random Graphs with Prescribed K-Core Sequences:A New Null Model for Network Analysis’.ArXiv:2102.12604.https:///10.1145/3442381.3450001.Exampleslibrary(igraph)g1<-make_graph("Zachary")kcores1<-coreness(g1)g2<-sample_coreseq(kcores1)kcores2<-coreness(g2)#the sorted arrays are the sameall(sort(kcores1)==sort(kcores2))sample_lfr LFR benchmark graphsDescriptionGenerates benchmark networks for clustering tasks with a priori known communities.The algo-rithm accounts for the heterogeneity in the distributions of node degrees and of community sizes.Usagesample_lfr(n,tau1,tau2,mu,average_degree=NULL,max_degree=NULL,min_community=NULL,max_community=NULL,on=0,om=0)Argumentsn Number of nodes in the created graph.tau1Power law exponent for the degree distribution of the created graph.This valuemust be strictly greater than onetau2Power law exponent for the community size distribution in the created graph.This value must be strictly greater than onemu Fraction of inter-community edges incident to each node.This value must be inthe interval0to1.average_degree Desired average degree of nodes in the created graph.This value must be in theinterval0to n.Exactly one of this and min_degree must be speciﬁed,otherwisean error is raisedmax_degree Maximum degree of nodes in the created graph.If not speciﬁed,this is set ton-1.min_community Minimum size of communities in the graph.If not speciﬁed,this is set tomin_degreemax_community Maximum size of communities in the graph.If not speciﬁed,this is set to n,thetotal number of nodes in the graph.on number of overlapping nodesom number of memberships of the overlapping nodesDetailscode adapted from https:///synwalk/synwalk-analysis/tree/master/lfr_generator Valuean igraph objectReferencesncichinetti,S.Fortunato,and F.Radicchi.(2008)Benchmark graphs for testing communitydetection algorithms.Physical Review E,78.arXiv:0805.4770sample_pa_homophilic17Examples#Simple Girven-Newman benchmark graphsg<-sample_lfr(n=128,average_degree=16,max_degree=16,mu=0.1,min_community=32,max_community=32)sample_pa_homophilic Homophilic random graph using BA preferential attachment modelDescriptionA graph of n nodes is grown by attaching new nodes each with m edges that are preferentiallyattached to existing nodes with high degree,depending on the homophily parameters.Usagesample_pa_homophilic(n,m,minority_fraction,h_ab,h_ba=NULL,directed=FALSE)Argumentsn number of nodesm number of edges a new node is connected tominority_fractionfraction of nodes that belong to the minority grouph_ab probability to connect a node from group a with groub bh_ba probability to connect a node from group b with groub a.If NULL,h_ab is used.directed should a directed network be createdDetailsThe code is an adaption of the python code from https:///gesiscss/HomophilicNtwMinorities/ Valueigraph objectAuthor(s)David Schoch#maximally heterophilic network sample_pa_homophilic(n=50,m=2,minority_fraction =0.2,h_ab=1)#maximally homophilic network sample_pa_homophilic(n=50,m=2,minor-ity_fraction=0.2,h_ab=0)18split_graphReferencesKarimi,F.,Génois,M.,Wagner,C.,Singer,P.,&Strohmaier,M.(2018).Homophily inﬂuencesranking of minorities in social networks.Scientiﬁc reports,8(1),1-12.(https:///articles/s41598-018-29405-7)Espín-Noboa,L.,Wagner,C.,Strohmaier,M.,&Karimi,F.(2022).Inequality and inequity innetwork-based ranking and recommendation algorithms.Scientiﬁc reports,12(1),1-14.(https:///articles/s41 022-05434-1)split_graph split graphDescriptionCreate a random split graph with a perfect core-periphery structure.Usagesplit_graph(n,p,core)Argumentsn number of nodesp probability of peripheral nodes to connect to the core nodescore fraction of nodes in the coreValueigraph objectAuthor(s)David SchochExamples#split graph with20nodes and a core size of10split_graph(n=20,p=0.4,0.5)str.igraph19 str.igraph Print graphs to terminalDescriptionPrints an igraph object to terminal(different than the standard igraph method)Usage##S3method for class igraphstr(object,...)Argumentsobject An igraph object...additional arguments to print(ignored)Valuestr does not return anything.The obvious side effect is output to the terminal.Author(s)David Schochstructural_equivalenceMaximal Structural EquivalenceDescriptionCalculates structural equivalence for an undirected graphUsagestructural_equivalence(g)Argumentsg An igraph objectDetailsTwo nodes u and v are structurally equivalent if they have exactly the same neighbors.The equiva-lence classes produced with this function are either cliques or empty graphs.20triad_census_attr Valuevector of equivalence classesAuthor(s)David Schochtriad_census_attr triad census with node attributesDescriptiontriad census with node attributesUsagetriad_census_attr(g,vattr)Argumentsg igraph object.should be a directed graphvattr name of vertex attribute to be usedDetailsThe node attribute should be integers from1to max(attr).The output is a named vector where the names are of the form Txxx-abc,where xxx corresponds to the standard triad census notation and "abc"are the attributes of the involved nodes.The implemented algorithm is comparable to the algorithm in Lienert et al.Valuetriad census with node attributesAuthor(s)David SchochReferencesLienert,J.,Koehly,L.,Reed-Tsochas,F.,&Marcum,C.S.(2019).An efﬁcient counting method for the colored triad census.Social Networks,58,136-142.triad_census_attr21Exampleslibrary(igraph)set.seed(112)g<-sample_gnp(20,p=0.3,directed=TRUE)#add a vertex attributeV(g)$type<-rep(1:2,each=10)triad_census_attr(g,"type")Indexas_adj_list1,2as_adj_weighted,3as_multi_adj,4biggest_component(helpers),13bipartite_from_data_frame,4clique_vertex_mat,5core_periphery,6coreness,14delete_isolates(helpers),13dyad_census_attr,7fast_cliques,7graph_cartesian,8graph_cor,9graph_direct,10graph_from_multi_edgelist,11graph_kpartite,12graph_to_sage,12helpers,13reciprocity_cor,13sample_coreseq,14sample_degseq,14sample_lfr,15sample_pa_homophilic,17split_graph,18str.igraph,19structural_equivalence,19triad_census_attr,2022。