菏泽市 2021 届高三联考第一次

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山东省菏泽市2021届新高考第一次大联考数学试卷含解析

山东省菏泽市2021届新高考第一次大联考数学试卷一、选择题：本题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1．如图网格纸上小正方形的边长为1，粗线画出的是某几何体的三视图，则该几何体的所有棱中最长棱的长度为（）A．2B．22C．23D．1【答案】C【解析】【分析】利用正方体将三视图还原，观察可得最长棱为AD，算出长度.【详解】几何体的直观图如图所示，易得最长的棱长为23AD=故选：C.【点睛】本题考查了三视图还原几何体的问题，其中利用正方体作衬托是关键，属于基础题.2．如图所示，三国时代数学家赵爽在《周髀算经》中利用弦图，给出了勾股定理的绝妙证明.图中包含四个全等的直角三角形及一个小正方形（阴影），设直角三角形有一内角为30°，若向弦图内随机抛掷500≈），则落在小正方形（阴影）内的米粒数大约为（）颗米粒（米粒大小忽略不计，取3 1.732A ．134B ．67C ．182D ．108【答案】B 【解析】【分析】根据几何概型的概率公式求出对应面积之比即可得到结论. 【详解】解：设大正方形的边长为1，则小直角三角形的边长为12，则小正方形的边长为122-，小正方形的面积2112S ⎫==-⎪⎪⎝⎭则落在小正方形（阴影）内的米粒数大约为125001500(10.866)5000.1345006711-⎛⨯=⨯≈-⨯=⨯= ⨯⎝⎭，故选：B. 【点睛】本题主要考查几何概型的概率的应用，求出对应的面积之比是解决本题的关键. 3．已知集合{}{}2340,13A x x x B x x =-->=-≤≤，则R ()A B =I ð( ) A ．()1,3- B ．[]1,3- C ．[]1,4- D ．()1,4-【答案】B 【解析】【分析】先由2340x x -->得4x >或1x <-，再计算R ()ðA B I 即可. 【详解】由2340x x -->得4x >或1x <-，()(),14,A ∴=-∞-⋃+∞，[]R 1,4ðA =-,又{}13B x x =-≤≤，[]R ()1,3A B ∴=-I ð. 故选：B 【点睛】本题主要考查了集合的交集，补集的运算，考查学生的运算求解能力.4．甲乙丙丁四人中，甲说：我年纪最大，乙说：我年纪最大，丙说：乙年纪最大，丁说：我不是年纪最大的，若这四人中只有一个人说的是真话，则年纪最大的是（） A ．甲 B ．乙C ．丙D ．丁【答案】C 【解析】【分析】分别假设甲乙丙丁说的是真话，结合其他人的说法，看是否只有一个说的是真话，即可求得年纪最大者，即可求得答案. 【详解】①假设甲说的是真话，则年纪最大的是甲，那么乙说谎，丙也说谎，而丁说的是真话，而已知只有一个人说的是真话，故甲说的不是真话，年纪最大的不是甲；②假设乙说的是真话，则年纪最大的是乙，那么甲说谎，丙说真话，丁也说真话，而已知只有一个人说的是真话，故乙说谎，年纪最大的也不是乙；③假设丙说的是真话，则年纪最大的是乙，所以乙说真话，甲说谎，丁说的是真话，而已知只有一个人说的是真话，故丙在说谎，年纪最大的也不是乙；④假设丁说的是真话，则年纪最大的不是丁，而已知只有一个人说的是真话，那么甲也说谎，说明甲也不是年纪最大的，同时乙也说谎，说明乙也不是年纪最大的，年纪最大的只有一人，所以只有丙才是年纪最大的，故假设成立，年纪最大的是丙. 综上所述，年纪最大的是丙故选：C. 【点睛】本题考查合情推理，解题时可从一种情形出发，推理出矛盾的结论，说明这种情形不会发生，考查了分析能力和推理能力，属于中档题.5．已知双曲线22221(0,0)x y a b a b-=>>的离心率为e ，抛物线22(0)y px p =>的焦点坐标为(1,0)，若e p =，则双曲线C 的渐近线方程为（）A ．y =B ．y =±C ．2y x =± D ．2y x =±【答案】A 【解析】【分析】求出抛物线的焦点坐标，得到双曲线的离心率，然后求解a ，b 关系，即可得到双曲线的渐近线方程．【详解】抛物线y 2＝2px （p ＞0）的焦点坐标为（1，0），则p ＝2，又e ＝p ，所以e ca==2，可得c 2＝4a 2＝a 2+b 2，可得：b =，所以双曲线的渐近线方程为：y ＝．故选：A ．【点睛】本题考查双曲线的离心率以及双曲线渐近线方程的求法，涉及抛物线的简单性质的应用．6．已知抛物线()220y px p =>经过点(M ，焦点为F ，则直线MF 的斜率为（）A ．B ．4C ．2D ．-【答案】A 【解析】【分析】先求出p ，再求焦点F 坐标，最后求MF 的斜率【详解】解：抛物线()220y px p =>经过点(M(222p =⨯，2p =，()1,0F ，MF k =故选：A 【点睛】考查抛物线的基础知识及斜率的运算公式，基础题.7．函数()3221f x x ax =-+在()0,∞+内有且只有一个零点，则a 的值为（） A ．3 B ．－3 C ．2 D ．－2【答案】A 【解析】【分析】求出2()62f x x ax '=-，对a 分类讨论，求出(0,)+∞单调区间和极值点，结合三次函数的图像特征，即可求解. 【详解】2()626()3af x x ax x x '=-=-，若0a ≤，(0,),()0x f x '∈+∞>，()f x 在()0,∞+单调递增，且(0)10=>f ，()f x 在()0,∞+不存在零点；若0a >，(0,),()0,(0,),()03ax f x x f x ''∈<∈+∞>，()3221f x x ax =-+在()0,∞+内有且只有一个零点，31()10,3327a f a a =-+=∴=. 故选:A. 【点睛】本题考查函数的零点、导数的应用，考查分类讨论思想，熟练掌握函数图像和性质是解题的关键，属于中档题.8．如图，在棱长为4的正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中，E ，F ，G 分别为棱 AB ，BC ，1CC 的中点，M 为棱AD 的中点，设P ，Q 为底面ABCD 内的两个动点，满足1//D P 平面EFG ，117DQ =，则PM PQ +的最小值为（）A ．321B ．322C ．251D ．252【答案】C 【解析】【分析】把截面EFG 画完整，可得P 在AC 上，由117DQ =Q 在以D 为圆心1为半径的四分之一圆上，利用对称性可得PM PQ +的最小值．【详解】如图，分别取11111,,C D D A A A 的中点,,H I J ，连接,,,GH HI IJ JE ，易证,,,,,E F G H I J 共面，即平面EFG 为截面EFGHIJ ，连接11,,AD D C AC ，由中位线定理可得//AC EF ，AC ⊄平面EFG ，EF ⊂平面EFG ，则//AC 平面EFG ，同理可得1//AD 平面EFG ，由1AC AD A =I 可得平面1AD C //平面EFG ，又1//D P 平面EFG ，P 在平面ABCD 上，∴P AC ∈．正方体中1DD ⊥平面ABCD ，从而有1DD DQ ⊥，∴22111DQ D Q DD =-=，∴Q 在以D 为圆心1为半径的四分之一圆（圆在正方形ABCD 内的部分）上，显然M 关于直线AC 的对称点为E ，22421251PM PQ PE PQ PE PD DQ ED DQ +=+≥+-≥-=+=，当且仅当,,,E P Q D 共线时取等号，∴所求最小值为251．故选：C ．【点睛】本题考查空间距离的最小值问题，解题时作出正方体的完整截面求出P 点轨迹是第一个难点，第二个难点是求出Q 点轨迹，第三个难点是利用对称性及圆的性质求得最小值． 9．在ABC ∆中，内角,,A B C 所对的边分别为,,a b c ，若111,,tan tan tan A B C依次成等差数列，则（） A ．,,a b c 依次成等差数列 B ,,a b c C ．222,,a b c 依次成等差数列 D ．333,,a b c 依次成等差数列【答案】C 【解析】【分析】由等差数列的性质、同角三角函数的关系以及两角和的正弦公式可得2sin 2cos sin sin BB A C=，由正弦定理可得22cos a B b =，再由余弦定理可得2222a c b +=，从而可得结果.111,,tan tan tan A B CQ依次成等差数列，()sin +112cos sin sin cos sin 2cos ,==tan tan tan sin sin sin sin sin sin sin A C A C A C B BA CB AC A C A C B+∴+==， 2sin 2cos sin sin BB A C=正弦定理得22cos a B b =，由余弦定理得2222a c b b +-= ，2222a c b +=，即222,,a b c 依次成等差数列，故选C. 【点睛】本题主要考查等差数列的定义、正弦定理、余弦定理，属于难题. 解三角形时，有时可用正弦定理，有时也可用余弦定理，应注意用哪一个定理更方便、简捷．如果式子中含有角的余弦或边的二次式，要考虑用余弦定理；如果遇到的式子中含有角的正弦或边的一次式时，则考虑用正弦定理；以上特征都不明显时，则要考虑两个定理都有可能用到． 10．若i 为虚数单位，则复数22sin cos 33z i ππ=-+的共轭复数z 在复平面内对应的点位于（） A ．第一象限 B ．第二象限C ．第三象限D ．第四象限【答案】B 【解析】【分析】由共轭复数的定义得到z ，通过三角函数值的正负，以及复数的几何意义即得解【详解】由题意得22sincos 33z i ππ=--，因为2sin03π-=<，21cos032π-=>，所以z 在复平面内对应的点位于第二象限．故选：B 【点睛】本题考查了共轭复数的概念及复数的几何意义，考查了学生概念理解，数形结合，数学运算的能力，属于基础题.11．已知命题p ：“a b >”是“22a b >”的充要条件；:q x ∃∈R ，|1|x x +≤，则（） A ．()p q ⌝∨为真命题 B ．p q ∨为真命题 C ．p q ∧为真命题 D ．()p q ∧⌝为假命题【答案】B【分析】由2xy =的单调性，可判断p 是真命题；分类讨论打开绝对值，可得q 是假命题，依次分析即得解【详解】由函数2xy =是R 上的增函数，知命题p 是真命题．对于命题q ，当10x +≥，即1x ≥-时，11x x x +=+>；当10x +<，即1x <-时，11x x +=--，由1x x --≤，得12x =-，无解，因此命题q 是假命题．所以()p q ⌝∨为假命题，A 错误；p q ∨为真命题，B 正确；p q ∧为假命题，C 错误；()p q ∧⌝为真命题，D 错误．故选：B 【点睛】本题考查了命题的逻辑连接词，考查了学生逻辑推理，分类讨论，数学运算的能力，属于中档题. 12．函数()()()sin 0,0f x x ωϕωϕπ=+><<的图象如图所示，为了得到()cos g x x ω=的图象，可将()f x 的图象（）A ．向右平移6π个单位 B ．向右平移12π个单位C ．向左平移12π个单位D ．向左平移6π个单位【答案】C 【解析】【分析】根据正弦型函数的图象得到()sin 23f x x π⎛⎫=+⎪⎝⎭，结合图像变换知识得到答案.由图象知：7212122T T ππππ=-=⇒=，∴2ω=. 又12x π=时函数值最大，所以2221223k k πππϕπϕπ⨯+=+⇒=+.又()0,ϕπ∈， ∴3πϕ=，从而()sin 23f x x π⎛⎫=+⎪⎝⎭，()cos 2sin 2sin 22123g x x x x πππ⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫==+=++ ⎪ ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎝⎭⎣⎦，只需将()f x 的图象向左平移12π个单位即可得到()g x 的图象，故选C. 【点睛】已知函数()sin (0,0)y A x B A ωϕω=++>>的图象求解析式 (1)max min max min ,22y y y y A B -+==.(2)由函数的周期T 求2,.T πωω= (3)利用“五点法”中相对应的特殊点求ϕ，一般用最高点或最低点求．二、填空题：本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分。

2021年菏泽市单县一中高三生物第一次联考试卷及答案解析

2021年菏泽市单县一中高三生物第一次联考试卷及答案解析一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 下列叙述中，能说明“核基因和染色体行为存在着平行关系”的是()①非等位基因随非同源染色体的自由组合而组合①体细胞中成对的同源染色体来源相同，而基因一个来自父方，一个来自母方①二倍体生物形成配子时基因和染色体数目均减半①Aa杂合子发生染色体缺失后，不可能会表现出a基因的性状A. ①①B. ①①C. ①①D. ①①2. 下列有关细胞的结构和功能的叙述，错误的是（）A.酵母菌细胞增殖所需的能量主要来自线粒体B.大肠杆菌细胞中的核糖体部分附着在内质网上C.细胞膜的选择透过性有利于细胞保持相对稳定的内部环境D.洋葱根尖分生区细胞的遗传物质分布在细胞核和线粒体中3. 下列各项生物中，都属于真核生物的是（）A.流感病毒、根霉﹑乳酸菌B.细菌、绿藻、衣原体C.蓝细菌﹑酵母菌、草履虫D.衣藻、变形虫、小麦4. 多组黄色小鼠(AvyAvy)与黑色小鼠(aa)杂交，F1中小鼠表现出不同的体色，是介于黄色和黑色之间的一些过渡类型。

经研究，不同体色小鼠的Avy基因中碱基序列相同，但其上二核苷酸胞嘧啶(CpG)有不同程度的甲基化现象。

甲基化程度越高，Avy基因的表达受到的抑制越明显。

有关推测错误的是（）A.不同体色F1小鼠基因型相同B.基因的甲基化使A vy基因发生突变C.A vy和a基因的遗传行为遵循孟德尔的分离定律D.基因的甲基化可能阻止RNA聚合酶与该基因的结合5. 某生物兴趣小组观察了几种生物不同分裂时期的细胞,并根据观察结果绘出如下图形。

下列与图形有关的说法中正确的是（）A.甲图所示细胞处于减数第一次分裂后期,在此时期之前细胞中央出现了赤道板结构B.乙图所示细胞可能处于减数第一次分裂后期,此阶段发生同源染色体的分离C.乙图所示细胞可能处于有丝分裂中期,此阶段染色体着丝点发生分裂D.如果丙图表示精巢内的几种细胞,则C组细胞可发生联会并产生四分体6. 蛋白质是细胞中重要的有机化合物。

2021届菏泽市单县一中高三生物第一次联考试卷及答案解析

2021届菏泽市单县一中高三生物第一次联考试卷及答案解析一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 下列关于细胞膜流动镶嵌模型的叙述，错误的是（）A.磷脂双分子层构成细胞膜的基本支架B.蛋白质分子在细胞膜两侧是不对称分布C.细胞膜中的糖类均与蛋白质结合构成糖被D.组成细胞膜的蛋白质分子大多数可以运动2. 自然界中存在千千万万的生物，组成这些生物的细胞在结构上既有相同之处，也有些差别。

下列相关叙述不合理的是（）A. 病毒虽不具有细胞结构，但其体内存在遗传物质B. 细菌和酵母菌细胞内都没有以核膜为界限的细胞核C. 颤蓝细菌和衣藻细胞均具有细胞壁D. 蓝细菌细胞内没有叶绿体，只有核糖体一种细胞器3. 科学家通过“重新编程”小鼠胰岛α细胞（分泌胰高血糖素）和δ细胞（分泌生长抑素），使其能够持续产生胰岛素，并将其移植到糖尿病小鼠体内，从而实现血糖的正常调控。

下列叙述正确的是A. 胰岛素能促进肝糖原的分解使血糖降低B. 胰高血糖素能促进肌糖原分解使血糖升高C. 编程前的小鼠α细胞内不含有胰岛素基因D. δ细胞分泌胰岛素会受到血糖浓度的调节4. 如图是细胞中某两种物质的含量在有丝分裂过程中的变化情况。

下列叙述不正确的是（）A.图中的虚线所代表的物质有两种不同的表现形式B.图中的b～c段会发生着丝粒分裂C.叶肉细胞中会出现如图所示变化，而细菌细胞中不会出现D.a～b段细胞中有蛋白质和RNA的合成5. 金矿杆菌发现于一座金矿地下2.8km充满水的裂沟中，裂沟处没有光线和氧气，水温高达60℃。

这种细菌体内的碳元素来自于二氧化碳，氮元素来自于周围的岩石。

下列叙述正确的是（）A.金矿杆菌的生物膜系统使细胞结构区域化，利于细胞代谢有序进行B.金矿杆菌能利用光能将二氧化碳和水合成有机物，属于自养型生物C.金矿杆菌与酵母菌相比主要的区别是没有核膜包被的成形细胞核D.金矿杆菌从岩石中吸收的氮元素可用于合成核糖、蛋白质、磷脂等化合物6. 各种生物的生命活动是在细胞内或细胞参与下完成的，下列有关说法不正确的是A. 生物体生长发育的细胞学基础是细胞增殖和分化B. 生物的遗传和变异是以细胞内基因的传递和变化为基础的C. 生物与无机环境之间物质和能量的交换是以细胞代谢为基础的D. 激素调节、神经调节与免疫调节都是通过促进细胞代谢而实现调节的7. 为研究高CO2浓度与干旱条件对农业生产的影响，某科研小组测定了不同条件下大豆叶片的净光合速率，据图判断，下列选项错误的是（）A. 本实验中每组实验的温度、光照强度等条件都应该相同B. 不断提高CO2浓度，大豆叶片的净光合速率也会不断升高C. 干旱胁迫下制约净光合速率升高的主要因素是水的含量D. 为提高干早胁迫条件下大豆的产量，可以对大豆植株合理灌溉8. 下列叙述不能说明结构与功能相适应的一项是（）A.叶绿体内类囊体膜堆叠使膜面积增大，利于光能充分利用B.低等植物细胞中心体的存在，利于其有丝分裂的正常进行C.哺乳动物成熟的红细胞无细胞核，对血红蛋白携带氧不利D.线粒体内膜向内突起形成嵴，有利于附着更多的有氧呼吸酶9. 电影《我不是药神》中涉及的慢性粒细胞白血病，是一种白细胞异常增多的恶性肿瘤。

2021届菏泽市郓城第一中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及参考答案

2021届菏泽市郓城第一中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ABest language learning appsDuolingoThe app doesn't restrict how many languages you can try to learn at the same time. I use Duolingo to practice Spanish and German. In the app, you can access resources such as Duolingo Stories, which can allow you to check your comprehension skills as you go. I also subscribe to Premium for $10 per month which includes an ad-free experience and downloadable lessons.MemriseOne of my favorite parts of Memrise is its short videos about how real locals express different phrases in conversation. A few lessons are available for free daily, but the full program is accessible if you subscribe to Memrise Pro. There are three plans—one month for $9, a year for $30 or three months for $19.BusuuWhen you sign up for Busuu, you select the language you want to learn, and the app helps you determine how advanced you are with it and why you want to learn it, and to what level. From there, you set a daily study goal. Premium costs about $6 per month for a year.LiricaIf you listen to any song enough, you'll learn all the words through repetition, even if they're in a different language. But how do you figure out what they mean? This is where Lirica comes in. This app is unique in how it approaches teaching Spanish. Instead of traditional teaching methods for learning a language, Lirica uses popular music by Latin artists to help you learn the Spanish language and grammar. Lirica has a one-week free trial and then it's about $4 per month.1. Which app is best for learning multiple languages at a time?A. Lirica.B. Busuu.C. Memrise.D. Duolingo.2. How much should you pay for a quarterly subscription to Memrise Pro?A. $9.B. $19.C. $28.D. $30.3. What is special about Lirica?A. It offers a one-month free trial.B. It helps users set a daily study goal.C. It hires Latin artists to teach Spanish.D. It enables users to learn Spanish through music.BThe Native American of northern California were highly skilled at basketry, using the reeds, graeses, barks, and roots they found around them to fashion articles of all sorts and sizes-not only trays, containers, and cooking pots, but hats, boats, fish traps, baby carriers, and ceremonial objects.Of all these experts, none excelled the Pomo-a group who lived on or near the coast during the 1800's, and whose descendants continue to live in parts of the same region to this day. They made baskets three feet in diameter and othersno bigger than a thimble (顶针). The Pomo people were masters of decoration. Some of their baskets were completely covered with shell pendants；others with feathers that made the baskets’ surfaces as soft as the breasts of birds. Moreover, the Pomo people made use of more weaving techniques than did their neighbors. Most groups made al their basketwork by twining--the twisting of a flexible horizontal material, called a weft, around stiffer vertical strands of material, the warp. Others depended primarily on coiling-a process in which a continuous coil of stiff material is held in the desired shape with tight wrapping of flexible strands. Only the Pomo people used both processes with equal ease and frequency. In addition, they made use of four distinct variations on the basic twining process, often employing more than one of them in a single article.Although a wide variety of materials was available, the Pomo people used only a few. The warp was always made of willow, and the most commonly used weft was sedge root, a woody fiber that could easily be separated into strands no thicker than a thread. For color1 , the Pomo people used the bark of red-bud for their twined work and dyed bullrush root for black in coiled work. Though other materials were sometimes used, these four were the staples in their finest basketry.If the basketry materials used by the Pomo people were limited, the designs were amazingly varied. Every Pomo basket maker knew how to produce from fifteen to twenty distinct patterns that could be combined in a number of different.4. The word “fashion” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.A. maintainB. organizeC. tradeD. create5. What is the author's main point in paragraph 2?A. The neighbors of the Pomo people tried to improve on the Pomo basket weaving techniques.B. The Pomo people were the most skilled basket weavers in their region.C. The Pomo people learned their basket weaving techniques from other Native Americans.D. The Pomo baskets have been handed down for generations.6. According to the passage, the relationship between red-bud and twining is most similar to the relationship between ______.A. bullrush and coilingB. weft and warpC. willow and feathersD. sedge and weaving7. Which of the following statements about Pomo baskets can be best inferred from the passage?A. Baskets produced by other Native Americans were less varied in design than those of the Pomo.B. Baskets produced by Pomo weaves were primarily for ceremonial and religious purposes.C. There were a very limited number of basket-making materials available to the Pomo people.D. The basket-making production of the Pomo people has been increasing over the years.CTyphoons can be deadly — in 2013, Typhoon Haiyan, the strongest ever recorded, was responsible for 6,340 deaths—and cost billions in damages. Current forecast modelscan only predict these storms 10 days in advance, at most, and they cannot precisely predict how intense the storms will become.An international team of researchers has developed a model that analyzes nearly a quarter of Earth’s surface and atmosphere in order to better predict the conditions that birth typoons.“The target problem of this study is how to foretell the birth of typhoons,” said paper author Mingkui Li, associate professor in the Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography in the Ocean University of China and the Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (QNLM). “We specifically address three aspects: the beginning time, inner pressure and maximum wind speed.”The researchers also accounted for the influence of one variable(变量) on another, such as wind speed on sea surface temperature. This influence is well understood and accounted for in climate predictions and in weather forecasts, butithas not been fully applied in understanding how long-term climate affects day-to-day weather, according to Li. “We aimed to provide insights on the time scale that can be used to forecast typhoons in advance.”From their study, the researchers determined that a model with the ability to better understand the relationship between warm sea surface temperatures and weak wind movement— conditions that favor typhoon formation—could improve typhoon predictability.“Our goal is to develop a 10 to 30-day prediction system that will lead to seamless(无缝的) weather-climate predictions.” Shaoqing Zhang, paper author and professor in the Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, said.8. What is the problem with the present forecast system?A. It cannot foretell storms in advance.B. It is ineffective in accuracy and timeliness.C. It costs too much and causes great damages.D. It can hardly predict the intensity of typhoons.9. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 4 refer to?A. The variable.B. The climateC. The temperature.D. The influence.10. What is the purpose of the study?A. To advance the prediction system.B. To figure out the three main aspects.C. To know how climate affects daily weather.D. To understand the influence of the variables.11. Where is this text most likely from?A. Awork diary.B. A travel guidebook.C. A science magazine.D. A fantasy fiction.DCuckoos don’t bother building their own nests—they just lay eggs that perfectly imitate those of other birds and take over their nests. But other birds are wishing up, evolving some seriously impressive tricks to spot the cuckoo eggs.Cuckoos are often know asparasites, meaning that they hide their eggs in the nest of other species. To avoid detection, the cuckoos have evolved so that eggs seem reproduction of those of their preferred targets. If the host bird doesn’t notice the strange egg in its nest, the little cuckoo will actually take the entire nest for itself after it comes out, taking the other eggs on its back and dropping them out of the nest.To avoid this unpleasant fate for their young, the other birds have evolved a few smart ways to spot the fakes, which we’re only now beginning to fully understand. One of the most amazing finds is that birds have an extra colour-sensitive cell in their eyes, which makes them far more sensitive to ultraviolet wavelengths and allows them to see a far greater range of colours than humans can. This allows cautious birds to detect a fake egg whichmight be exactly the same to our eyes.Fascinatingly, we’re actually able to observe different bird species at very different points in their evolutionary war with the cuckoos. For instance, some cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of the redstarts. The blue eggs these cuckoos lay are practically alike to those of the redstarts, and yet they are still sometimes rejected. Compare that with cuckoos who target dunnocks. While those birds lay perfectly blue eggs, their cuckoo invaders just lay white eggs with brown irregular shaped spots. And yet dunnocks barely ever seem to notice the obvious trick.Biologists suspect these more easily fooled species like the dunnocks are on the same evolutionary path as the redstarts, but they have a long way to go until they evolve the same levels of suspicion. What’s remarkable is that the dunnocks fakes are so bad and the redstart ones so good, and yet cuckoos are still more successful with the former than the latter.It speaks to just how thoroughly a species’ behavior can be changed by the pressures of natural selection, or it might just be a bit of strategic cooperation on the part of the dunnocks. Biologists have suggested that these birds are willing to tolerate a parasite every so often because they don’t want to risk accidentally getting rid of one of their own eggs.12. This passage can be most likely found in a ________.A. science surveyB. nature magazineC. zoo advertisementD. travel journal13. What does the underlined word “parasite” in paragraph 2 most probably refer to?A. Animals that work together to raise young.B Small harmful animals such as worms or mice.C. Animals that can adapt to changing environments.D. Animals which live on or inside other host animals.14. Which of the following is TRUE about the dunnock according to the passage?A. It is colour-blind and therefore cannot identify foreign eggs in the nest.B. It can easily remove cuckoo eggs from the nest because fakes are so bad.C. It is a host bird that is more likely to raise a cuckoo chick than the redstart.D. It is unable to evolve and hence accepts cuckoo eggs that appear in the nest.15. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Dunnocks may eventually learn to recognise foreign eggs.B. Redstarts seem to be less suspicious compared to dunnocks.C. Cuckoo birds are good at taking responsibility for their own young.D. It is very easy for cuckoos to imitate the colouring of the dunnock’s egg.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

【市级联考】山东省菏泽市2021届高三下学期第一次模拟考试语文试题(答案详解)

【市级联考】山东省菏泽市【最新】高三下学期第一次模拟考试语文试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、现代文阅读阅读下面的文字，完成各题。

所谓言官，是指拥有上疏言事和弹劾官员权力的官员，包括监官和谏官，合称台谏。

监官就是职司监察的官员，主要秉承皇帝旨意监察各级官吏；谏官则是负责对君主的过失直言规谏、促其改正的官员。

随着皇帝集权的强化，谏官制度自元朝以后便遭到虚置甚至废止。

不过，监官却承继言官的传统，兼负谏官的职责。

在明代，这种现象尤其明显。

明代言官由六科给事中和都察院御史两大块构成。

明代言官制度既具有专业性督察和通盘性监督并举的特点，又具有“位卑权重”的特点。

一般而言，六科给事中是对六部的业务进行对口监督，属于专业性督察；都察院御史则对全国官吏和一般机关进行监察，属于通盘性监督。

这是大面上的专与通的结合。

实际上，在六科和都察院中，也有“专”与“通”结合的特点。

六科给事中虽然针对六部事务进行专门性监察，但也对其他事务进行通盘性的监督。

如洪武间，工科给事中陈洽等人上疏称：如果大臣犯了重罪，虽蒙皇帝恩宥，上朝时不宜仍列本班，必须稍加降抑，以示劝惩。

显然这不是对工部事务作监察，而是对刑部和礼部事务进行督察。

因此，明代言官既有专业分工，又不受分工的限制，可以自由发挥纠弹和监察功能。

而且，明代都察院与六科互不统属，可互相弹劾，彼此制约。

明代言官的两大主体——六科给事中和都察院十三道监察御史，均只是正七品官员，但却拥有对上至内阁首辅，下至州县官吏进行弹劾和纠察的权力。

特别是六科，虽然官员品级很低，但却是个独立的机构，无上级机关掣肘，可以有效实行监察。

明代言官之所以设计成位卑权重的模式，与传统言官制度一样，主要是考虑到监察的有效性，如果言官地位很高，他就会“爱惜羽毛”和“明哲保身”，不愿冒政治风险去监察他人，以免受到还击。

地位低的言官，会在“赤脚的不怕穿鞋的”心理驱使下，孤注一掷地弹劾权臣，即使被贬也损失不大；若冒险成功，则一战成名，名利双收。

2021届菏泽市曹县一中高三语文第一次联考试卷及参考答案

2021届菏泽市曹县一中高三语文第一次联考试卷及参考答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字，完成各题。

材料一突发公共卫生事件，是指突然发生，造成或者可能造成公众健康严重损害的重大传染病疫情、群体性不明原因疾病、重大食物和职业中毒以及其他严重影响公众健康的事件。

它具有如下一些特点：一是突发性。

突发性指事件的时间、地点、方式、程度等情况，都难以准确把握；对事件起因、规模、事态变化等，也不能事先确定。

二是复杂性，主要指造成原因复杂。

有自然因素造成的，如地震、台风等自然灾害引发的公共卫生事件；有人为因素造成的，如战争引发的公共卫生事件。

三是传播的广泛性，某些传染病可能毫无国界地广泛传播。

（摘编自《突发公共卫生事件的构成要素和主要特征探讨》）材料二作为非典疫情最为严重的地区，当时的中国在疫情防治中暴露出诸多问题。

一方面，部分地方政府对疫情隐瞒不报。

另一方面，当时国内比较缺乏应对突发公共卫生事件的相关制度、应急设施。

对于非典一类的新发传染病，彼时并无任何应急预案作为指导依据。

而且，许多医院没有足够的隔离设施，交叉感染严重。

这些都使得疫情难以在初期得到有效控制。

SARS之后，政府加大了对公共卫生应急体系建设的决心和行动。

政策方面，2003年国家公布施行《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》，此后又出台了一家列“突发公共卫生事件应急预案”，从国家到乡镇逐步形成了相对完整的突发公共卫生事件应急预案。

医疗救治方面，各地加强突发公共卫生事件医疗救治体系建设，包括设立专门的传染病医院，扩大医疗救治队伍等。

此外，中央还主导建立了一套信息通报体系，保证疫情信息快速透明地传播。

这一系列建设使我国应对突发公共卫生事件的能力明显提升。

（摘编自《非典十六年之后，中国的防疫体系都有哪些进展？》）材料三2009年，全球爆发甲型H1N1流感疫情，我国政府对此高度重视，迅速组织联防联控，并坚持公开透明地公布疫情信息，使公众能够了解疫情，做好防控。

2021届菏泽市第一中学高三语文第一次联考试卷及答案

2021届菏泽市第一中学高三语文第一次联考试卷及答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字，完成下列小题自近代科学兴起以来，人类见证了科学改造世界的力量，也充分享受到了科学成果带来的社会福祉。

科学发展到今天，已经具备了强大的自主性，如果任其无约束地发展，它的潜在成果既有可能造福人类，也有可能摧毁人类。

如何让科学始终朝着善的方向发展，是今天人类亟需解决的问题，科技伦理的兴起也正是基于这样的时代背景。

科技伦理的目标很明确，即通过有效的规范，保证科学研究的所有环节都处于伦理的规训下，使研究的整个链条都指向追求善的目的。

科技伦理发生作用的空间结构包括政策环境、研究主体、研究手段、研究对象与研究结果等，这个研究链条的每个环节内都存在伦理缝隙。

如果处理不当，就会引发严重的社会问题，科学就会从人类福祉变成人类的噩梦。

科学是探索未知的事业，其本性是喜欢自由的研究氛围。

由此，人们自然会认为，不应该为科学研究附加任何的约束，所有这些约束都是研究的障碍。

这种说法在社会上很有市场。

其实，这是一种短见。

哲学家托德·莱肯曾指出：“我们对人类的有限性的焦虑，致使我们设计出更高级的不变的实在，这就是上帝、形式、道德法则。

”也就是说，我们要设计出一个远离我们的完美王国，去应对我们所面对的不确定现实。

道理很简单，任何时代的人的认知都具有时代局性，总有一些没有预料到的事情出现。

如果是好的倒也无妨；如果是恶的，其影响就很难消除。

而且随着科学研究的深入，这种可能性不是变小了，而是变大了。

为此，预先设置一些高于当下实践要求的伦理规范，就可以最大限度地消除未来的不确定性所带来的危害。

因此，对研究人员进行科技伦理的熏陶、规训，恰恰是引导他们追求善的有效手段，是给他们竖立向善的路标，而非设置研究的障碍。

近代科学是西方的产物，对于中国人来讲，科学在很大程度上是舶来品，我们没有与之相对应的传统与经验，因而在科技伦理上存在先天的不足。

山东省菏泽市2021届高三第一次模拟考试化学试题及答案

2021届高三联考化学试题2021.3考生注意：1．本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。

满分100分，考试时间90分钟。

2．答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。

3．考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。

选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效。

在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．。

4．本卷命题范围：高考范围。

5．可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 B 11 C 12 O 16 Na 23 S 32 C1 35.5Zn 65 Se 79 Ag 108 I 127一、选择题(本题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。

在每小题四个选项中。

只有一项符合题目要求)1．化学与生产、生活、科技、环境等密切相关，下列说法不正确的是A．防疫时期很多家庭都备有水银温度计，若不慎打破，应立即用硫黄粉末覆盖B．“自古书契多编以竹简，其用缣帛(丝织品)者谓之为纸”，这里纸的主要成分为纤维素C．港珠澳大桥路面使用了沥青和混凝土，沥青可以通过石油分馏得到D．我国成功实施煤改气工程后，可有效提高空气质量2．已知N A为阿伏加德罗常数，下列说法正确的是A．25℃时，1.0L pH=13的Ba(OH)2溶液中含有的OH-数目为0.2N AB．0.1 mol H2C2O4被氧化为CO2，转移的电子数为0.1N AC．32g乙醇和14g二甲醚(H3C—O—CH3)组成的混合物中共价键数目为8N AD．1molCaO2晶体所含离子总数为3N A3．短周期主族元素X、Y、Z、W的原子序数依次增大，X与Y形成的某一种化合物易生成二聚体，且X、Y两元素基态原子核外电子的空间运动状态相同，Z元素基态原子的最高能级电子数是Y元素基态原子最低能级电子数的一半，W在周期表中的周期数与族序数相等。

山东省菏泽市2021届高三第一次模拟考试(地理)

31194
42220
河岸灌草林地
15354
19890
24280
25390
荒漠稀疏灌丛
40601
40389
51539
58603
荒漠稀疏草地
60873
63290
78805
94301
（1）分析东、西居延海1960年以后曾经干涸的原因。
（2）说明生态补水对沿岸植被产生的影响。
（3）为保证常态化向额济纳绿洲生态补水，你认为应采取哪些措施。
C 增大城市人口容量D. 增加就业压力
张教授在我国辽东半岛野外考查，下图是其绘制的某地东西剖面上的植被分布示意图。完成下面小题。
8. 图中能反映此区域水平地域分异规律的典型植被是（）
A. 落叶阔叶林B. 草甸C. 针叶林D. 灌丛
9. 洼地处生长着草甸而不是乔木，主要是因为洼地处（）
A. 气温较低B. 土壤较薄C. 土壤水分较多D. 光照较少
3.场镇轮流成集市的主要原因是（）
A.政府的政策规定B.便于避开阴雨天气
C.纵横交错的水网阻隔D.村民商品交易量小
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【分析】
【1题详解】
根据材料所给提示，该聚落类型是以林盘为分割，一半为居住区，一半为农业生产区，形成了"随田散居”居住形式，所以这种聚落的优点在于兼顾了生活区和农田，C正确，ABD错误，故选C。
12. 黄河拦门沙（）
A. 面积一直增大B. 面积稳定不变C. 前沿坡度变化不大D. 海拔逐渐升高
13. 拦门沙位置的年际变化，反映出（）
A. 沉积总量增加B. 潮流侵蚀减弱C. 年径流量增大D. 气候变化
暑假期间小明同学去我国东南沿海某海湾游览，下图为该海湾示意图。小明拍摄了一张"落日碧海、渔船点点"的照片，拍照的时间是19∶01，当地经纬度约为（23°53'N，116°E）。完成下面小题。

2021年山东省菏泽市高考物理联考试卷(一模)(含答案详解)

2021年山东省菏泽市高考物理联考试卷（一模）一、单选题（本大题共8小题，共24.0分）1.在匀强电场里有一个速度可视为零的放射性碳14原子核，某时刻它发生衰变放射出一个粒子，其放射的粒子与反冲核的初速度方向均与电场方向垂直，且经过相等的时间所形成的径迹如图所示(a、b均表示长度)。

那么碳14的衰变方程可能是()A. 614C→ −10e+ 514BB. 614C→ −10e+ 714NC. 614C→ 24He+ 410BeD. 614C→ 12H+ 512Be2.如图甲所示，用一水平外力F推着一个静止在倾角为θ的光滑斜面上的物体，逐渐增大F，物体做变加速运动，其加速度a随外力F变化的图象如图乙所示，若重力加速度g取10m/s2.根据图乙中所提供的信息不能计算出()A. 物体的质量B. 斜面的倾角C. 物体能静止在斜面上所施加的最小外力D. 加速度为6m/s2时物体的速度3.甲图是某电场中的一条竖直方向的电场线，A、B是这条电场线上的两点，若将一带负电的小球从A点自由释放，小球沿电场线从A到B运动过程中的速度图线如乙图，比较A、B两点电势φ的高低和电场强度E的大小，并比较该小球在A、B两点的电势能E p大小和电场力F大小，可得()A. φA>φBB. E A<E BC. E pA>E pBD. F A<F B4.如图所示，由于空气阻力的影响，炮弹实际飞行轨道不再是抛物线，而是按“弹道曲线”飞行，下列说法正确的是()A. 炮弹到达最高点时速度为零B. 炮弹到达最高点时加速度方向竖直向下C. 炮弹在上升过程中动能减小D. 炮弹在下落过程中机械能增加5.如图所示，已知一列横波沿x轴传播，实线和虚线分别是t1时刻和t2时s，振动周期为0.5s，则波的传播方向与刻的图象．已知t2=t1+18传播距离是()A. 沿x轴正方向，6mB. 沿x轴负方向，6mC. 沿x轴正方向，2mD. 沿x轴负方向，2m6.1905年，爱因斯坦提出光子假设，成功解释了光电效应，并因此获得1921年诺贝尔物理学奖。

2021年菏泽市单县一中高三英语第一次联考试卷及参考答案

2021年菏泽市单县一中高三英语第一次联考试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AI truly thought thatI might die that day. Had I not seen three bears and a few wolves over the last couple of days near the road, I might have just lain down and called it quits. What in the world was I thinking, dragging my bike up to Yellowstone and thinking I could ride from West Yellowstone to Old Faithful in the snow? No less!I had planned this trip for more than two months, and I wasn't about to give up so easily. The first few miles were beautiful. Ten miles in, I started sucking wind. Fifteen miles and my legs felt like they were made of lead. By twenty miles, my lungs were burning and felt like there was nothing left in the tank. That was when I turned around and saw my husband and three children cheering me on in the van behind me. I knew I couldn't quit because I tell my children all the time that just because something is hard doesn't mean that you stop doing it. I had to live what I'd been preaching(说教). That thought got me up that mountain and to the end of the ride.The importance of that ride was apparent after only a week. My eight-year-old daughter Emalee wanted to ride in a twelve-mile charity ride. That day was cold as well. She was the youngest rider. About four miles into the ride, she started feeling cold. The chill(寒冷)was making her muscles cramp a little and she began to struggle. By six miles, she had tears running down her face. It broke my heart to see her suffering like that.I told herthat she didn't have to finish. She said that she wouldn't quit. I told her how I had wanted to quit the week before, but perseverance had gotten me to the end and I knew she could do it, too.The look on her face as she pulled into the finish was priceless. She threw her arms around me and said, “You didn't quit, Mommy, so neither did I.”1. What motivated the author to finish her ride?A. Her family's encouragement.B. Her own instruction for children.C. The beautiful scenery and weather.D. The careful and thorough preparation.2. By describing the conditions Emalee met, the author wanted to________.A. show her guilt for her daughterB. prove that riding is a tough taskC. persuade her daughter to give upD. indicate she was proud of Emalee3. What does the author want to tell us according to the story?A. Never say die.B. Do nothing by halves.C. Children are what the mothers are.D. Every mother's child is handsome.BHundreds of children are being treated for sleep problems in Wales every year. In some cases，babies，infants (婴儿)and teenagers have been admitted to hospital in north Wales alone.The Children’s Sleep Charity said many children were suffering from lack of sleep mainly because of technology use. Public Health Wales said sleep was as important to a child’s health as healthy eating and exercise，and children with poor sleep patterns were more likely to be fat.Statistics obtained (获得) under the Freedom of Information Act by BBC Wales found at least 408 children have been admitted to hospitals across Wales suffering from sleep disorders since March 2013.Children aged between 0 and 4 made up the highest number of inpatients (住院病人)，with some newborns being treated for sleep-related problems from the day of birth.Vicki Dawson，who set up the Children’s Sleep Charity (CSC)，said sleepless nights were putting both children and parents in anxiety. “Their weight and growth may also be affected as well as their mental health，”she said.Teachers said children showing signs of sleep shortage and tiredness in class were a concern as they couldn’t concentrate for long periods.Psychologist Amy McClelland，of Sleep Wales，saida common problem was that children were “over excited”before bed and that families should get back to basics. “Think 1950s family home. Dinner as a family，read，chat，a film maybe，lights off and then bed. ”She added.4. What’s the mainreason why children are short of sleep？A. Less exercise.B. Eating habits.C. Technology use.D. Sleep patterns.5. Who are the majority of the inpatients with sleep-related disorders？A. Infants.B. Teenagers.C. Teachers.D. Parents.6. What can we infer from what Amy McClelland said？A. Chatting and films make children sleep more.B. It is difficult for children to read before bed.C. Being too excitedis good for sleep habits.D. Relaxation has a bad effect on children.7. What is the best title forthe text？A. Ways to Treat Sleep ProblemsB. Sleep Problems of Welsh ChildrenC. Sleep Habits of Welsh ChildrenD. The Problems of Welsh ChildrenCA 10-year-old swimmer with sky-high dreams and a name to match them has broken a record previously held by Olympian Michael Phelps.Clark Kent Apuada, whose friends call him“Superman", swam the 100-meter butterfly in 1:09.38 at the Far Western Long Course Championships in his home state of California this Sunday. That's a second faster than the record Phelps set at the same event in 1995 with a time of 1: 10. 48 in the same category of boys under 10.Clark, a rising fifth-grader who is Filipino-American, told HuffPost he's been dreaming about breaking Phelps' record ever since he started swimming competitively at age 7."I was so motivated,"Clarksaid about his win."I was so happy that I was able to beat that record.”Phelps competed in his first Olympics at age 15. He went on to become the mostdecoratedOlympian in history, with 28 medals overall. “Everyone in the crowd was excited when they realized what a special swim they had just seen when we announced the long-standing record had been broken,"Cindy Rowland,Pacific Swimming's director, wrote in an email.Clarkwon first place for all the swimming events he competed in at this year's Far Western Championships. Pacific Swimming or PacSwim, a regional association that is part of USA Swimming, organizes the Far Western Long Course Championships. Cynthia Apuada,Clark' s mother,said that her child seems to be “living by his name at this point”。

2021届菏泽市曹县一中高三生物第一次联考试题及答案解析

2021届菏泽市曹县一中高三生物第一次联考试题及答案解析一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1.下列有关实验的叙述，合理的是（）A.马铃薯块茎捣碎后的提取液不能检测出蛋白质B.植物细胞质壁分离的程度可反映外界溶液渗透压的大小C.提取叶绿素时加入二氧化硅的目的是防止叶绿素分解D.显微镜观察洋葱根尖细胞有丝分裂过程时，需保持细胞活性2.下列对排尿反射过程的分析，正确的是（）A. 直接刺激传出神经或效应器也可以引起排尿反射B. 效应器的传出神经末梢受到刺激能产生动作电位并向脊髓传导C. 动作电位在传入神经和传出神经上的传导是双向的D. 排尿反射中枢位于脊髓，受大脑皮层的高级神经中枢控制3.20世纪80年代科学家发现了一种RNasep酶，该酶由20%的蛋白质和80%的RNA组成。

如果将这种酶中的蛋白质除去，并提高Mg2+的浓度，他们发现留下来的RNA仍然具有与这种酶相同的催化活性，这一结果表明（）A.RNA具有生物催化作用B.酶是由RNA和蛋白质组成的C.酶的化学本质是蛋白质D.绝大多数的酶是蛋白质，少数是RNA4.蛋白质分子能被肽酶降解，至于哪一个肽键被断裂则决定于肽酶的类型。

肽酶P能断裂带有侧链R4的氨基酸和相邻氨基酸的羧基基团之间的肽键。

下列说法正确的是()A 上图所示肽链肯定由五种氨基酸脱水缩合而成B. 在肽酶P的作用下，经过脱水可以形成两条肽链C. 肽酶P可以催化1处的化学键断裂D. 该肽链中含有游离的氨基和羧基数各1个5.下面对几种细胞器的说法中，正确的是（）A.真核细胞中都含有图示的五种细胞器B.在光学显微镜下，④比上图中其它几种细胞器更为醒目C.上述几种细胞器都含有磷脂D.③④⑤上都含有核酸6.基因型为aabbcc的桃子重120克，每产生一个显性等位基因就使桃子增重15克，故基因型为AABBCC的桃子重210克。

甲桃树自交，F1每桃重150克。

2021年菏泽市第二中学高三生物第一次联考试卷及参考答案

2021年菏泽市第二中学高三生物第一次联考试卷及参考答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 下列相关实验与科学方法对应错误的是（）A.制作真核细胞三维结构模型——建构模型法B.观察叶绿体和细胞质流动——显微观察法C.探索细胞膜成分的实验——完全归纳法D.分离细胞中的细胞器——差速离心法2. 研究者给家兔注射一种可以特异性破坏胰岛B细胞的药物——链脲佐菌素（STZ）进行血糖调节研究。

为了准确判断STZ是否成功破坏胰岛B细胞，应（）①在兔饱足状态下①在兔空腹状态下①测定血糖含量①测定尿液是否含糖①测定血液中胰岛素含量A. ①①①B. ①①①C. ①①①D. ①①①3. 蜜蜂将桃树的花粉带到桃花的柱头上后，即可发生花粉萌发、花粉管伸长、释放精子和精卵融合等一系列生理反应；若将桃树的花粉带到梨花的柱头上则不会发生这一系列反应，该现象能很好地说明细胞膜（）A.主要成分是磷脂和蛋白质B.可将细胞与外界环境分隔开C.控制物质进出细胞的作用是相对的D.能进行细胞间的信息交流4. 下列与糖类和脂质有关的叙述，错误的是（）A.乳糖和麦芽糖水解的产物相同B.组成糖类和脂质的化学元素中均含有C、H、OC.磷脂和胆固醇都是构成动物细胞膜的重要成分D.与糖原相比，等质量的脂肪氧化分解释放的能量更多5. 深秋季节落叶纷飞，校园中满是学生打扫枯黄落叶的身影，描述错误的是（）A. 枯枝落叶中的纤维素经微生物水解可产生葡萄糖B. 若用落叶进行叶绿体色素提取与分离实验，滤纸条上色素带不受影响C. 糖类是生物体维持生命活动的主要能源物质，也是生物体重要的结构物质D. 深秋季节植物体内自由水与结合水比值逐渐减小6. 人体感染白喉杆菌后，将启动系列免疫反应，其中属于特异性免疫的是（）A.鼻腔粘膜分泌杀菌物质抑制白喉杆菌繁殖B.巨噬细胞通过溶酶体将吞入的白喉杆菌消化C.口腔中的链球菌产生过氧化氢杀死白喉杆菌D.体液中的免疫球蛋白与白喉杆菌毒素反应，中和其毒性7. 糖类和脂肪是细胞中两种重要的有机物，下列相关叙述错误的是（）A.一般情况下，细胞先氧化分解糖类，为细胞提供能量B.糖类和脂肪水解的终产物是二氧化碳和水C.糖类中的淀粉和糖原都由葡萄糖缩合而成D.质量相同的糖类和脂肪被彻底分解时，脂肪耗氧多8. 下列人类遗传病的系谱中（□○分别表示正常男女，■●分别表示患病男女），肯定属于显性遗传病的是（）A. B. C. D.9. 如图是两种细胞的亚显微结构示意图。

2021届菏泽市第一中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案解析

2021届菏泽市第一中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ATop Four MarathonsPortland MarathonThe marathon welcomes 8 000 people every fall. It’s a great event for first-timers because everyone is cheered on with enthusiasm no matter how long it takes to cross the finish line. The time limit for the full marathon is now at a pace of minutes per mile, or 6 hours and 33 minutes, but in the past it had an open time limit. They promise you’ll still receive your medal if you fall behind the pace, but you have to finish using the sidewalks.TCS New York City MarathonAs the world’s biggest marathon, the TCS New York City Marathon attracts over 50,000 people to the Big Apple each November. The time limit is generous eight and a half hours, but participants must move to the sidewalk if they drop below 15-minute mile.The famous course snakes through five boroughs (行政区) of the city and crosses five bridges to end in Central Park.Honolulo MarathonThe marathon attracts over 30,000 participants each December. The race starts on Ala Moana Boulevard in downtown Honolulu and snakes its way along the breathtaking Hawaiian coastline to the finish line in Kapiolani Park. The start time is at 5: 00 am with finish line services officially open until 2: 00 pm. However, the organizers allow everyone to finish and have waiters on hand until 4: 00 pm.Boston MarathonThe marathon is held in May every year. For this event running isn’t allowed as the city streets aren’t closed off. Participants must instead make their way along sidewalks under the guidance of event organizers and city police. The event attracts over 8,000 people who can choose anything from three-mile walk to the full 26.2-mile Boston Marathon route.1.Where is a new marathon runner most likely to receive enthusiastic cheers?A.In Portland.B.In New York.C.In Honolulu.D.In Boston.2.What can we know about TCS New York City Marathon?A.It is extremely popular.B.It has an open time limit.C.It starts and ends in a park.D.It forbids using the sidewalk.3.Which marathon is held the earliest in a year?A.Portland Marathon.B.TCS New York City Marathon.C.Boston Marathon.D.Honolulu Marathon.BOne Sunday morning, my family and I went to a popular restaurant for breakfast. As soon as we walked into Restaurant Happy Meal, a young waitress showed us to a table.We ordered our food and soon after, our food came. Just as we were about to begin our meal, we heard someone shouting for the boss.“What is this? A dead fly in my food!’’ a man with a deep scar (疤) acrosshis face shouted angrily. He strongly hit his fist on the table and swept the plates and cups off it.Thesecame crashing to the floor, breaking into pieces. His companion, a huge man with a tattoo on his arm, stared angrily at the boss who stood nervously in front of the two gangsters (歹徒).The boss apologized repeatedly to the angry customers and tried to calm them down by offering to replace their food. He even told them that they could have their meal for free.The commotion(混乱) affected the business of the restaurant. Fearing that aquarrel would happen, many customers quickly paid for their meals and left the restaurant hurriedly. Some of them had not even finished their breakfast.My father told us to eat our food quickly and not to look at the two angry men. We obeyed him and finished our food within minutes. That was probably the quietest and fastest breakfast my family ever had.Although my father warned us not to look at the two unruly (任性的) customers, I could not help stealing a glance at them.I saw that the boss had managed to calm the two angry customers. Fresh food and drinks were brought to their table. They sat down again and continued their breakfast. Meanwhile the waitress who had shown us to our table earlier swept up the broken china.4. What does the underlined word “These” refer to?A. Tables.B. Cups and plates.C. Two angry customers.D. Dead fly and the food.5. What can we know about the owner from paragraph 4?A. He was sorry for what had happened.B. He was angry with the two customers.C. He was pardoned by the two customers.D. He was disappointed that the men caused problems here.6. What can we infer about the writer and his family?A. They might often talk while they ate.B. They ordered a lot of food each time they ate out.C. They often ate silently and that day was no exception.D. They usually did not like to be disturbed while they ate.7. What did the writer think of the boss?A. Foolish.B. Active.C. Hardworking.D. Wise.CMany of us were delighted to learn that a high school senior Kwasi Enin was accepted to all eight Ivy League universities. To our surprise, he wasn't excited as expected, but appeared extra calm. He announced that he would revisit the universities to find the best suitable in music or medicine. He also wanted to compare their financial aid packages.Kwasi's success story is rare, but his reaction is not. After the admission letters arrive at home, students have 30 days to really think about what kind of school would help them grow as a person, which school would best prepare them for the future, and at which school they would be happiest. And they also have to think about whether they can afford the school they choose.But how to answer the questions about which school is the best suitable university? Some young people are attracted to large universities with great school spirit and a list of offerings. But besides those advantages, many of these universities focus on graduate work and research, with undergraduates taught mostly by part-time instructors. Others are attracted to smaller boarding schools with discussion-based classes. But some of these schools will have much limitation for students who want a high-energy city life experience.Many students today seem to think they should pick the university where they will get the diploma that will help them get the most highly paid job. This is a sad misunderstanding of what a college education should provide.A good college education should prepare them to overcome any difficulty andthrivein society. It helps them to form the habit of creative mind and spirit that will continue to develop far beyond their university years. So whenyou choose college, you should consider if it is filled with useful learning to help create new spaces for different possibilities of growth.8. What can we know about Kwasi Enin from paragraph 1?A. He was from a very poor family.B. He would choose the top university.C. He was too excited to calm himself at the good news.D. He considered his interests when choosing his university.9. What can you infer from paragraph 2?A. Few students can be admitted to university.B. Many students face the choices like Kwasi.C. Top universities are the first choice for most students.D. American students can afford their university by themselves.10. Which of the following can best explain the underlined word “thrive” in paragraph 4?A. FailB. SucceedC. ResearchD. Work11. What should the best university be like according to the text?A. Very large and have good instructors.B. Small boarding schools with discussion-based classes.C. It will offerthe diploma to get the most highly paid job.D. It will help continue to develop far beyond university years.DPreparations for the Tokyo Olympics have suffered another challenge after a survey found that 60% of people in Japan want them to be cancelled,less than three months before the Games are scheduled to open.Japan has extended a state of emergency in Tokyo and several other regions until the end of May as it struggles to control a fast increase in COVID-19 cases caused by new, more catching variants（变异体）with medical staff warning that health services in some areas are on the edge of breaking down.The Olympics, which were delayed by a year due to the pandemic, are set to open on 23 July, with the International Olympic Committee（IOC）and organizers insisting that measures will be put in place to ensure the safety of athletes and other visitors, as well as a nervous Japanese public.The survey, conducted between 7 and 9 May by the conservative Yomiuri Shimbun, showed 60% wanted the Games cancelled as opposed to 39% who said they should be held. “Postponement” — an option abandoned bythe IOC — was not offered as a choice.Of those who said the Olympics should go ahead, 23% said they should take place without audience. Foreign audience have been banned but a final decision on native attendance will be made in June.Another poll conducted at the weekend by TBS News found 65% wanted the Games cancelled or postponed again, with 37% voting to give up the event altogether and 28% calling for another delay. A similar poll in April conducted by Kyodo news agency found 70% wanted the Olympics cancelled or postponed.The IOC's vice president, John Coates, said that while Japanese sentiment about the Games “was a concern”, he could foresee no situation under which the sporting events would not go ahead.12. How many Japanese wish the Olympics would not be held in Tokyo according to the survey?A. 60%.B. 28%.C. 37%.D. 70%.13. What should be put into consideration if the Olympics open?A. The economic crisis.B. The urban transport.C. The safety of athletes.D. The health condition of citizens.14. What is some people's attitude towards foreign spectators in Paragraph 5?A. Welcome.B. Unfriendly.C. Cold.D. Unsupported.15. What can we conclude from John Coates'words?A. The Olympics will be stopped this year.B. The Olympics will be put off.C. The Olympics will be held normally.D. The Olympics will take place in other place.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021届菏泽市第一中学高三生物第一次联考试题及参考答案

2021届菏泽市第一中学高三生物第一次联考试题及参考答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 下列关于环境容纳量的叙述，正确的是A. 环境容纳量是指种群的最大数量B. 种群的内源性调节因素不会改变环境容纳量的大小C. 在理想条件下，影响种群数量增长的因素主要是环境容纳量D. 植食动物在自然条件下，一年四季的环境容纳量以冬季最大2. 下图为碳元素在生态系统中循环的模式图，“a~g”表示生理过程。

下列相关叙述，正确的是（）A.图中c过程代表光合作用，f过程代表微生物的呼吸作用B.图中b过程和a过程中碳的流动形式分别为二氧化碳和含碳有机物C.图中乙所示的营养级在生态系统的食物链中占有的碳元素最多D.图中丙所代表的生物其细胞内没有成形的细胞核3. 下列关于核酸是遗传物质的证据的叙述，正确的是（）A. 单用32P标记的噬菌体侵染细菌的这组实验的检测结果可证明只有DNA是遗传物质B. 单用S型菌的提取物与R型菌混合培养，出现S型菌可证明DNA是遗传物质C. 单用S型菌的DNA去感染小鼠，小鼠会患病死亡D. 单用烟草花叶病毒的RNA去感染烟草，烟草会出现感染病毒的症状4. 甲物质分子式为C12H22O，乙物质分子式为C57H110O6。

如这两种物质作为生物体内的能源物质，在相同条件下，质量相同的甲、乙两种物质被彻底氧化分解时，甲物质比乙物质（）A. 耗氧少，产生能量少B. 耗氧多，产生能量多C. 耗氧多，产生能量少D. 耗氧少，产生能量多5. 在显微镜下观察细胞时，发现一个细胞中有8条形态、大小各不相同的染色体，排列在赤道板上，你认为此细胞处于（）A. 有丝分裂中期B. 减数第一次分裂中期C. 减数第二次分裂中期D. 有丝分裂后期6. 下列属于相对性状的是（）A.人的身高与狗的体重B.兔的长毛与短毛C.棉花的细绒与长绒D.猫的白毛与狗的黑毛7. 现有两个不同类型的生态系统Ⅰ和Ⅰ，Ⅰ和Ⅰ的生产者同化的总能量相同，据图分析相关说法正确的是（）A.造成Ⅰ的原因可能是初级消费者的个体很小B.Ⅰ、Ⅰ中的消费者的总能量都大于生产者同化的总能量C.Ⅰ中现存消费者的总能量大于Ⅰ中现存消费者的总能量D.据图可知生态系统Ⅰ抵抗外界干扰的能力大于生态系统Ⅰ8. 下列关于群落的叙述，正确的是（）A.根据群落的外貌和物种组成等方面的差异，可将陆地的群落大致分为荒漠、草原、森林等类型B.森林群落在垂直方向没有明显分层现象C.演替达到相对稳定的阶段后，群落内物种组成不再变化D.习性相似物种的生活区域重叠得越多，对资源的利用越充分9. 如图表示一个由200个氨基酸构成的蛋白质分子。

山东省菏泽市2021届新高考第一次大联考物理试卷含解析

山东省菏泽市2021届新高考第一次大联考物理试卷一、单项选择题：本题共6小题，每小题5分，共30分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的1．几位同学利用课余时间测一干涸的半球形蓄水池的直径。

身高为1.80m 的小张同学站在池边从头顶高处水平向池中投掷小石子，石子刚好落到池底的正中央，小李同学用手机的秒表记录的小石子运动时间为1.6s 。

不计空气阻力，重力加速度取10m/s 2。

可知水池的直径为（）A ．3.6mB ．11mC ．12.8mD ．22m【答案】D【解析】【详解】设水池的半径为R ，人身高为h ，根据平抛运动的规律，在竖直方向，有212h R gt += 代入数据解得R=11m ，则直径为22m ，故ABC 错误，D 正确。

故选D 。

2．利用引力常量G 和下列某一组数据，不能计算出地球质量的是（）A ．地球的半径及地球表面附近的重力加速度（不考虑地球自转的影响）B ．人造卫星在地面附近绕地球做圆周运动的速度及周期C ．月球绕地球做圆周运动的周期及月球与地球间的距离D ．地球绕太阳做圆周运动的周期及地球与太阳间的距离【答案】D【解析】【详解】A ．根据地球表面物体重力等于万有引力可得：2Mm G mg R= 所以地球质量GgR M 2= 故A 能计算出地球质量，A 项正确；B ．由万有引力做向心力可得：2222()Mm v G m m R R R Tπ== 故可根据v ，T 求得R ，进而求得地球质量，故B 可计算，B 项正确；CD ．根据万有引力做向心力可得：222()Mm G m r r Tπ= 故可根据T ，r 求得中心天体的质量M ，而运动天体的质量m 无法求解，故C 可求解出中心天体地球的质量，D 无法求解环绕天体地球的质量；故C 项正确，D 项错误；本题选择不可能的，故选D 。

3．如图所示，一质量为m 的重物，在塔吊电动机的拉力下，由静止开始向上以加速度1a 做匀加速直线运动，当重物上升到高度h 、重物速度为1v 时塔吊电动机功率达到额定功率0P ，此时立刻控制电动机使重物做加速度大小为2a 的匀减速直线运动直到速度减到零，重力加速度为g ，不计一切摩擦，关于此过程的说法正确的是（）A ．重物匀减速阶段电动机提供的牵引力大小为()2m g a +B ．重物匀加速阶段电动机提供的牵引力大小为01P v C ．计算重物匀加速阶段所用时间的方程为20112P t mgh mv -= D ．假设竖直方向足够长，若塔吊电动机以额定功率0P 启动，速度1v 就是其能达到的最大速度【答案】B【解析】【分析】【详解】A ．根据牛顿第二定律，重物匀减速阶段22mg F ma -=()22F m g a =-A 错误；B ．重物在匀加速阶段011P F v =011P F v = B 正确；C ．匀加速阶段1P F v =，电动机功率逐渐增大，不满足20112P t mgh mv -=，选项C 错误； D ．假设竖直方向足够长，若塔吊电动机以额定功率0P 启动，能达到的最大速度0m P v mg= m 1v v >选项D 错误。