Physicochemical Treatment of Hazardous Wastes[危险废物物化处理法]00

2003055435
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Tang, Walter Z. Physicochewastes / Walter Z. Tang p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-56676-927-2 (alk. paper) 1. Hazardous wastes—Purification. I. Title. TD1060.T35 2003 628.4′2—dc21
Preface
On average, one ton of hazardous waste per person is generated annually by industries in the United States. Before the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1984, hazardous wastes were improperly disposed of into the environment without any regulation. As a result, remediation of these contaminated sites and management of the ongoing hazardous waste sources are two major tasks to be achieved by treatment technologies. Due to the complex nature of the contaminated media and of the pollutants, environmental professionals are facing a host of questions, such as: What are the contaminated media? What is the nature of the pollutants? What are the concentrations of each pollutant? Among biological, physicochemical, or thermal technologies, if physicochemical processes are to be the solution, the treatability of various pollutants must be assessed before a process can be properly designed. This book systematically examines the treatability of hazardous wastes by various physicochemical treatment processes according to the Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationships (QSARs) between kinetic rate constants and molecular descriptors. I have attempted to achieve five major goals in this book: (1) fundamental theories of thermokinetics such as the transition state theory are used to integrate research findings in Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) research; (2) reaction kinetics and mechanisms for each AOP are explained in terms of elementary reactions and the reactive center; (3) QSARs are introduced as methodologies to assess the treatability of organic compounds; (4) computational molecular descriptors such as the EHOMO and ELUMO are used extensively in the QSAR analysis; (5) the kinetics of various AOPs are compared so that the most effective process can be selected for a given class of organic pollutants. This book is divided into five parts. Chapter 1 to Chapter 4 define the hazardous waste problems and physicochemical approaches to solve these problems. Chapter 5 explains QSAR theory and its application to predicting molecular descriptors and hydroxyl radical reactions. Chapter 6 to Chapter 12 focus on each of the eight most important AOPs. Chapter 13 presents a major reductive treatment technology, zero-valence iron, and Chapter 14 compares each AOP according to its oxidation kinetics for specific classes of organic compounds. Each chapter begins with an introduction of the process and its historical development. The intention is to demonstrate how fundamental sciences guide the search for these innovative technologies. Also, such introductions provide the information necessary for readers to delve into the literature for current research topics. Then, the principles of the process and the degradation kinetics, along with mechanisms of organic
© 2004 by CRC Press LLC
Dedication
In memory of my father, Yuxiang Tang
To my mother, Yongcui Hu, and
To my children, William and Elizabeth,
with love.
© 2004 by CRC Press LLC