Chapter 2 Kings and Queens 英美文化概论教学课件

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Chapter-2-Roman-CulturePPT课件

Cicero (106-43 BC) Julius Caesar (about 100-44 BC) Horace (65-8 BC) Esistles, Satires, Odes Virgil (70-19 BC) Aeneid---the greatest
work in Roman literature. Ovid (43 BC-17 AD) Metamorpt Two Roman History
From Republic to Empire
From about 100 BC until the Republic fell
there was instability and civil war, in which
generals with great armies fought each
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Augustus26 BC—14 AD Tiberius14—37 Nero54—68 Vespasian69—79 Trajan98—117 Hadrian117—138 Antoninus Pius138—161 Marcus Aurelius161—180 Commodu180—192 Septimus Severus193—211 Diocletian284—305 Constantine312—337
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Virgil wishes to show two things---the importance of duty and the dangers of excess. For the founder of Italian literature, Dante, Virgil was the Great Master, who guides him through life and death in his own epic poem, The Divine Comedy. In England he inspired Spenser’s Fairie Queene and Milton’s Paradise Lost.

PPT教程：英美文化体验(第二版)

2. Stratford 斯特拉特福小镇。斯特拉特福小镇坐落于英国中部埃文河河畔，1564 年莎士比亚在这座小镇出生。
3. Stratford Grammar School 斯特拉特福文法学校。
Task Preparation
4. William Shakespeare. Notes:
4. The River Avon 埃文河。埃文河是英格兰河流，穿过莱斯特郡、北安普敦郡、沃里克郡、伍斯特郡和格洛斯特郡。它又被称为上埃文（Upper Avon）、沃里克郡埃文（Warwickshire Avon）和莎士比亚埃文（Shakespeare’s Avon，因威廉· 莎士比亚生于埃文河畔斯特拉特福镇而得名），全长154 公里。 5. Shottery。位于上埃文西部的一个小村庄。 6. The Lord Chamberlain’s Men 宫内大臣剧团，是威廉· 莎士比亚作为演员和剧作家的职业生涯中主要工作的剧团。1594年，剧团成立于伊丽莎白一世统治时期，赞助人为第一代亨斯顿伯爵亨利·凯里，当时的宫内大臣，掌管了宫廷的娱乐。1596 年，凯里逝世后，剧团由他的儿子第二代亨斯顿伯爵乔治·凯里赞助，这时剧团名称改为亨斯顿剧团，直到1597 年乔治成为宫内大臣，剧团恢复原名。1603 年剧团成为伦敦最主要的两个剧团之一，并得到新国王詹姆士一世的支持，改名为国王剧团。
Task Preparation
1. Look at the following map and read the passage to get a general idea of the English language.
Notes:
3. The United Nations 联合国。联合国是1945 年第二次世界大战后成立的国际组织，是一个由主权国家组成的国际组织。1945 年10 月24 日，在美国旧金山签订生效的《联合国宪章》，标志着联合国正式成立。联合国致力于促进各国在国际法、国际安全、经济发展、社会进步、人权及实现世界和平方面的合作。联合国现在共有193 个成员国，总部设立在美国纽约、瑞士日内瓦、奥地利维也纳、肯尼亚内罗毕等地。

人教版英国国王与君主立宪制演示PPT(高中政治)1

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7.我的教学设计正是基于此基本理念之上设计的。另外，本课设计能充分利用信息技术，巧妙把多媒体技术与教学内容融合起来，极大地提高了课堂教学效率，也能实现课堂与课外的完美结合，真正为学生的终身学习与发展打下良好的基础。
喜爱的城市：因弗内斯，亚喀巴，马斯喀特
出生地：伯克郡皇家医院，雷丁市
母亲：戴安娜王妃
星座：摩羯座
身高：1.76米
威廉王子的婚礼2011年4月29日
在伦敦威斯敏斯特大教堂举行。
（3）英国国王的地位：虚位元首（统而不治）
①名义上：国家元首和武装部队总司令；
名义上的国家元首和武装部队总司令
（3）英国国王的地位：虚位元首（统而不治）
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5.通过对宋词、绘画、书法艺术作品的鉴赏，培养学生的审美感，提高学生的鉴赏力。充分利用多媒体的教学手段创设图文情境，加强课堂的热烈气氛和教学的直观性，给学生提供一个良好的教学情境。
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6.本节课不再是单纯的知识传输渠道，而让学生学会欣赏历史上出现的文学作品，通过形式多样的活动、合作和探究等多种方法与途经，实现历史学习三维目标，从历史的角度来赏析中国古代的文化。
英国女王伊丽莎白二世在白金汉宫接见特蕾莎•梅，并任命其为新首相。
想一想英国女王在行使什么权力? 议一议英国女王还有哪些权力?
（二）英国君主立宪制的结构特点
1、英王的作用
①国家统一和民族团结的象征； ②承担国家元首的礼仪性职责； ③向首相和大臣提供意见和建议，发挥咨询作用仪式的场面
（三）英国君主立宪制的结构和特点

Chapter 2 Kings and Queens 英美文化概论教学课件

• Name: Elizabeth Alexandra Mary • Coronation: 1952 • National anthem: God save the Queen
the Prince of Wales (the first heir to the throne) the Duchess of Cornwall
in her Diamond Jubilee, 1897
• Heiress to throne
Victoria receives the news of her accession to throne from the Prime Minister and the Archbishop of Canterbury
Chapter 2 Kings and Queens
Constitutional Monarchy
Prince gets married!
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge
The Monarchy Today
• House of Windsor since 1952
“the foundation of the constitutionalism”
Ⅱ.Transition of the constitutionalism
1. the Civil War 1642-1649
Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) a. the leader of the parliamentary forces b. the Lord Protector
Prince William and Harry (the 2nd and 3rd heir)
What can the monarch do for the nation?

英美国家概况PPT演示课件

Title and Make up of the UK
Location and territory
Location of the UK: The mainland areas lie between latitudes 49°N and 61°N and longitudes 8°W to 2°E Total territory: 242,910 square kilometers Interesting Fact: No one in the UK lives more than 120 km (75 miles) from the sea.
Lake poets
The waves beside them danced; but they Out-did the sparkling waves in glee: A poet could not but be gay, In such a jocund company: I gazed---and gazed---but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought: For oft, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude; And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils.
2. Climate
Main characteristics: Temperate, with warm summers, cold winters and plenty rainfall Three major features: Winter fog Rainy days Instability/changeability

unit 2 (British and American Studies) 英美文化教学课件

Unit 2 The British Government
Direction
In this unit, we will look at how Britain is governed, nationally and locally. We begin by looking at the structure of the national government and some of the main principles behind the evolution of the British Constitution.
Unit 2 The British Government
1.3 The Monarch
1.2.2 The Advantage of Monarch
Britain is a constitutional
monarchy, that is, a monarchy
in which the sovereign has
1.2.2 The Advantage of Monarch
➢The hereditary principle ensures that there is always a recognized legal sovereign.
➢The Monarch is traditionally above politics and is, therefore, able to express a view not regarded as politically motivated.
The Government and the Cabinet Civil Servants Local Government
Unit 2 The British Government

英美文化Unit 2.

Essentials of British and American CulturesChapter 2. English HistoryI. Focal Points:Parliamentthe Glorious Revolutionthe clashes between England and France in the 18th centurythe Industrial Revolutionthe progress and reforms in the 19th centuryVictorianismCharles Darwinmajor events in the 20th centuryII. Questions and Answers on the Text1. What is considered to be the clearest historical item in the general knowledge of most British people?It is the year 1066, when the French-speaking Normans under William the Conqueror invaded England from France, defeating the Saxon king Harold at the Battle of Hastings.2. What do the average people in Britain know about English history before the year1066?They know about the Romans and they are sure to know the story of the fine Saxon king, Alfred the Great, and the legendary stories of the still earlier king Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table.3. Who was the most famous of the English Crusaders?The most famous of the English Crusaders was the Norman king, Richard Lion-Heart.4. In the Middle Ages, who were the great rivals of the king's authority?The great rivals of the king's authority were the Church and the powerful local chiefs, called barons.5.Why was the Pope in the Middle Ages so powerful?Because the Pope in Rome could always inspire the fear of eternal damnation by "excommunicating" (i. e. expelling from the Church) a king or even a whole nation; the Pope also wielded great political power over the whole of Western Europe.6.How did the French drive the English from their country at the end of the One-hundred-year War?The French drove the English from their country partly through the inspiration of the brave girl Joan of Arc, and partly through the effective use of guns, which had only just been invented.7. In English history, what language did the kings of the Middle Ages speak as their mother tongue? What changes took place after the Hundred Years' War?All the kings of the Middle Ages spoke French as their mother tongue. After the Hundred Years' War, England became completely severed from France, and the English language finally took the place of French in all classes of society.8.What were the characteristics of the sixteenth century as the beginning of the modern period in English history and European history?In the sixteenth century, the invention of printing made books much easier to produce and therefore much cheaper, so that ideas could spread quickly. It was the age of the great voyages of discovery and the beginning of the imperialist expansion; it was also the beginning of freedom of thought in the Christian religion.9.In the sixteenth century, what changes took place in religion?The sixteenth century was the beginning of the freedom of thought in the Christian religion, when the decline in the Pope's political power was followed by a decline in his religious authority.10. What was the result of the decline in the Pope's political power and religious authority in the sixteenth century?As a result of the decline in the Pope's political power and religious authority, Protestant churches sprang up in Northern Europe in opposition to the established Roman Catholic Church, and Protestant-Catholic hatred became a constant theme in European history.11. Who delivered the first great blow to the Roman Catholic Church in England?It was Henry VIII who delivered the first great blow to the Roman Catholic Church in England.12. How did the English Church break away from the central organization of Christianity?The long quarrel between the Pope and Henry VIII on the matter of Henry VIII's divorce ended in Henry VIII's declaring that he and not the Pope was the head of the Church in England. As a result, the English Church broke away from the central organization of Christianity.13. What is meant by "heresy" in the sixteenth century?It refers to any revolt against the traditional Christian faith. It was held by Catholics that "heresy" was the work of the devil and should be resisted by the most violent means.14. When did Protestantism gradually become the dominant faith in Britain?Protestantism gradually became the dominant faith in Britain in the reign of Elizabeth I, whose main interest lay in creating a strong united country in which there should be no more religious persecution.15. What were the characteristics of the Elizabethan age?It was an age of literature, especially the literature of Shakespeare, and an age of adventure on the sea.16. Which country was the biggest enemy of England in the sixteenth century?Spain was the biggest enemy of England in the sixteenth century.17. What was the most important event in the English history in the seventeenth century?The most important event in the English history in the seventeenth century was the English Revolution.18. What was the conflict between King Charles I and Parliament before the Civil War?Charles I believed he had a "Divine Right" to govern, while Rarliament believed he was a human being answerable to the people. For a time, Charles I actually ruled without parliament, and levied taxes without Parliament's approval.19. Who were the "Roundheads"? Why were they nicknamed "Roundheads" ?The "Roundheads" were the nickname of the "Puritan" elements, those with very strict Protestant principles. They were supporters of the Parliament. They were nicknamed the "Roundheads" because of the bare look of their shorn heads contrasted with the long, curly wigs of the King's more fashionable supporters, the "Cavaliers". 20. Who were the "Cavaliers"?The "Cavaliers" were the supporters of King Charles I, those who had long, curly wigs.21. Who was the Roundhead leader?The Roundhead leader was Oliver Cromwell.22. What was the consequence of the English Civil War?The Civil War led to the execution of Charles I and the temporary overthrow of the monarchy, when the country became for more than ten years a sort of republic founded by Oliver Cromwell.23. When did the Glorious Revolution take place?The Glorious Revolution took place in 1688.24. Who was the Britain's great enemy during the whole of the eighteenth century?Britain' s great enemy during the whole of the eighteenth century was France.25. What were the two most famous victories that Britain had over France during the eighteenth century?The two most famous victories were the Battle of Waterloo over the great Napoleon, and the Battle of Trafalgar over Napoleon' s fleet.26. What is meant by "meet one' s Waterloo"? What is the origin of the phrase?The phrase "meet one's Waterloo" means "encounter final disaster''. It comes from the Battle of Waterloo, the famous victory won by Britain over Napoleon.27. What is considered to be the most important event in the eighteenth century in Britain?The Industrial Revolution is considered to be the most important event in the eighteenth century in Britain.28. What was the most important invention during the Industrial Revolution?The most important invention during the Industrial Revolution was the invention of the steam engine.29. What was Britain's main historical interest after the Battle of Waterloo?Britain's main historical interest was in the efforts made (a) to overcome social problems, (b) to make Parliament more representative of the people, and (c) to improve local government and social services.30. What do "Peelers" or "bobbies" refer to?The word "Peeler" or "bobby" comes from the name of a person, Sir Robert ("Bobby") Peel, who founded the modern police force of Britain. So policemen are called "Peelers", or rather affectionately "bobbies."31. What is meant by "franchise"?Franchise means the right to vote in elections.32. How long did the Victorian age last?The Victorian age lasted 64 years from 1837 to 1901.33. What impact did Charles Darwin's The Origin of Species have on the Victorian age?Darwin's theory of evolution caused violent reaction from the religious Victorians who believed every deeply in God as the Creatorr of Man and in the life after death.Furious debates were Held both in private and in public, and Darwin's theory was destined to outlive Victorianism and contribute to its decay.34. How did the Victorian stability collapse after the death of Queen Victoria ?The Victorian stability collapsed within a few years of the death of Queen Victoria. The working classes rose up to fight for their rights and the women woke up to fight for the right to vote. Meanwhile the trouble in Ireland was going from bad to worse.35. According to the author, how did Britain get involved in World War I?Britain became involved because she had made friends with her old enemy, France, who was being attacked by Germany.36. What were the two most disasterous events in British economy between the two World Wars?They were the General Strike in 1926 and the great "slump" of the early 1930s.37. What became the threat of the international situation after the great "slump" ?After the great "slump", fascism became the threat of the international situation.38. Who were the two big fascists before and during the Second World War?The two big fascists were Mussolini in Italy and Hitler in Germany.39. What was the consequence of Hitler' s constant thirst for power?What was the basis of Hitler's constant thirst for power?Hitler's constant thirst {or power led Europe into the Second World War. The basis of Hitler's constant thirst for power was the idea of a German "master-race".40. How long did the First World War last? How long did the Second World War last?The First World War lasted 4 years from 1914 to 1918. The Second World War lasted 6 years from 1939 to 1945.41. What is meant by the "blitz" of 1940?It refers to the bombing of Britain by German planes in 1940, when Hitler sent his bombers day after day to bomb airfields and towns in the south, and then night after night, to bomb London.III. Explanations1.King HaroldThe Saxon king who was defeated and killed at the Battle of Hastings in 1066, when the French-speaking Normans under William the Conqueror invaded England from France.2. Alfred the Great(1)He was a fine Saxon king who successfully defeated the invading Danes.3. King Arthur( 1 ) He was the king of England in the sixth century. (2) Little was known about him,except that he was associated with Corn- wall and is the central figure of many legends about him and his Knights of the Round Table.4. The CrusadesThe Crusades were a series of wars in the Middle Ages in which armies from all over Europe tried to snatch the "Holy Land" ( i.e. Palestine, where Jesus Christ once lived) from the Infidels (i.e. the Muslims).5. Richard Lion-Heart( 1 ) He was a Norman king in the Middle Ages. (2) He was also the most famous of the English Crusaders at that time. (3) Many stories have been told about him and his enemy Saladin.6. the Magna Carta( 1 ) The Magna Carta (or Great Charter) was a document signed in 1215 by King John under compulsion by the powerful barons. (2) The purpose of the Charter was to make King John to recognize the rights of the barons. (3) The Magna Carta is now in the British Museum, London.7. the Hundred Years' War(1) A war between England and France which lasted, on and off, for a hundred years from 1337 to 1453. (2) It was fought entirely in France, and the whole of France very nearly fell into English hands in the famous battles of Crecy and Agincourt. (3) Eventually, partly through the inspiration of the brave girl Joan of Arc, and partly through the effective use of guns, the French drove the English from their land for good.8. Joan of Arc(1) She was a French saint and national heroine. (2) During the Hundred Years' War, her bravery and inspiration provided spirit and morale for French armies. (3) Later she was captured and burned at the stake.9. the Wars of the Roses(1) It is the name given to the struggle (1455--1485) for the throne of England between two branches of the English royal family: (2) the houses of Lancaster, whose badge was a red rose, and York, whose badge was a white rose. (3) The wars weakened both the nobility and the monarch.10. the Catholic Church(1) It refers to the Christian church headed by the Pope. (2) All members of the church accept the gospel of Christ and the teachings of the Bible. Any revolt against the traditional Christian faith was "heresy." (3) In the Middle Ages, the Pope was extremely powerful. (4) In the sixteenth century, some of the actual beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church Were questioned by Protestant doctrines and there was a great deal of presecution by Catholics.11. the Protestant Church( 1 ) It refers to the Christian church whose faith and practice originated with the principles of the Reformation. (2) As the Pope’s political power and religious authority declined in the sixteenth century, Protestant churches sprang up in Northern Europe in opposition to the established Roman Catholic Church. (3) In Britain, Protestantism gradually became the dominant faith in the Elizabethan age.12. bloody Mary( I ) It was the nickname given to Mary I, Henry III' s elder daughter. (2) She was a devout Catholic, and had so many Protestants burnt to death that she is remembered less by her official title Mary I than by her nickname Bloody Mary. (3) She was succeeded by Elizabeth I.13 the Elizabethan age(I) It refers to the period during the reign of Elizabeth I in British history. (2) It was an age of real literary achievement, especially that of Shakespeare, and (3) it was an age of adventure on the sea.14. the "Gunpowder Plot"(1) It refers to the most famous of a number of Catholic conspiracies in English history which occurred in the reign of James I (2) It was the plot to blow up the King and Parliament, in which a man called Guy Fawkes was caught in the cellars of the House of Commons in the very act of preparing the explosives. (3) "Guy Fawkes' Night" is still celebrated on November 5th each year.15. the English Civil War(1) One of the most important events in the whole of British history. (2) It is a bitter power struggle (1642--1648) between the monarchy and Parliament. (3) The victory of the Parliament led to the execution (1649) of Charles I and the temporary overthrow of the monarchy, and (4) the country became for more than ten years a sort of republic founded by Oliver Cromwell.16. King Charles I(1) An English king in the seventeenth century. He believed that he had a "Divine Right" to govern. (2) For a time, Charles actually ruled without Parliament, and levied taxes without Parliament's approval. (3) This aroused the opposition of the Roundheads , and the great Civil War broke out, in which he was defeated, tried as a traitor to his country, and condemned to death.17. Oliver Cromwell(1) Oliver Cromwell was the Roundhead leader during the English Civil War. (2) He defeated King Charles I and condemned him to death. (3) The monarchy was overthrown, and the country became for more than ten years a republic.18. the Glorious Revolution(1) It refers to the event of 1688 in the English Revolution, when the Catholicking James II was forced to flee with his baby son to France. (2) The throne was offered to his Protestant daughter and her husband Dutch king William. (3) The bill of Rights was passed by Parliament to restrict the power of the Monarchy. (4) This was the beginning of the Constitutional Monarchy in Britain.19. the Industrial Revolution( 1 ) It refers to the period in British history from 1750 to 1850. (2) Great changes took place with the invention of the steam engine. (3) More factories and big towns were built. (4) It made Britain stronger and richer, and at the same time it also created entirely new social class, the industrial workers.20. the Victorian age(I) It refers to the monarch of Britain under the great Queen Victoria from 1837 to 1901, the longest reign in British history. (2) The Victorian age was an age of national development and national optimism. (3) The Victorians were very religious and conservative in family life. (4) It was also, in its later stages, an age of imperialism.21. the "suffragette" movement( 1) A term refers to the movement in the early twentieth century by the British women, who had been meek and submissive in Victorian's reign. (2) They rose up to gain their right to vote. (3) This was not simply a political campaign but a profound revolt against an inferior status.22. Charles's Darwin( I ) The famous British scientist who wrote the important book "The Origin of Species". (2) His theory of evolution caused violent reaction of the Victorians against the book, and furious ,debates were held in private and in public. (3) Darwin's theory contributed to the decay of Victorianism.。

英美文化概况ppt课件

Northern Ireland北爱尔兰
Capital: Belfast贝尔法斯特
Area: -10%
History: Ireland was conquered by England in the 17th C
Scotland苏格兰
Capital: Edinburgh爱丁堡
Area: - 30%
3. Rivers and Lakes
Rivers: River Clyde克莱德 , the most important in Scotland River Severn 塞文河 (355 km), the longest in the UK River Thames 泰晤士河(336km), the second longest but the most
beautiful rock scenery
Lake Poets 湖畔诗人- William Wordsworth 华兹华斯 in the 19th Century, a passive romantic poet消极浪漫主义诗人
经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用
“Ireland” = the Republic of Ireland+ Northern Ireland
爱尔兰岛 =爱尔兰共和国+北爱尔兰
Full name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国 (Britain / Great Britain / UK for short)

2022[教育学]《英美文化概况》教学课件优秀ppt

二、考试要求
本课程考试形式为闭卷考试，成绩评估将
综合考虑学生课堂参与表现（20%）、作业（30%）及期末考试（50%）。记分采用百分制。
（注：凡旷课三次者，取消期末测试资格。）。
三、摘要：
从教学内容和教学方法与手段改革入手，就教学计划、课程建设展开讨论，探讨了英语专业建设问题；提出制定科学的专业教学总体计划是专业建设的基础，课程建设是加强专业建设的根本保证，教材建设是专业建设的必要保障，教学方法与教学手段的改革是加强专业建设、提高教学效果和人才培养质量的必由之路。
American Cultures)。北京：外语教学与研究出
版社。
11．朱永涛（主编），《英语国家社会与文化入门》（The Society and Culture of Major EnglishSpeakingCountries），北京：高等教育出版社，2001。
12．肖惠云（主编），《当代英国概况》(Contemporary British Culture and Society (Revised Edition))。上海：上海外语教育出版社，2003。
17．胡文仲，跨文化交际学概况，2002年，外语教学与研究出版社
英文类
1. Bedell, George C. ect. Religion in America, Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., New
York, 1956. 2. Dinnerstein, Leonard etc. Ethnic Americans: A History of Immigration and Assimilation, Harper & Row Publishers, 1982. 3. Hechinger, Fred and Grace, Education and Society in America, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1975. 4. Henretta, James A. America’s History, The Dorsey Press, 1987 5. Well, J. Gipson ed. Current Issues in marriage and the Family, 3rd. ed. Macmillan Publishing Company, 1983

Unit2西方文化导论 ppt课件

Decline: In 33 AD, Roman Empire was divided into two parts.
End: In 476, West Rome was defeated by German troops and came to an end.
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Text Study
Text Study
I. The Historical Development of Ancient Rome II. The Roman Social and Economic Conditions III. Roman Cultural Achievements
Main Ideas
• 你所经历的课堂，是讲座式还是讨论式？ • 教师的教鞭
• “不怕太阳晒，也不怕那风雨狂，只怕先生骂我笨，没有学问无颜见爹娘 ……”
• “太阳当空照，花儿对我笑，小鸟说早早早……”
精品资料
• 你怎么称呼老师？
• 如果老师最后没有总结一节课的重点的难点，你是否会认为老师的教学方法需要改进？
• 你所经历的课堂，是讲座式还是讨论式？ • 教师的教鞭
the Roman revolt in 509 BC which led to the
establishment of the Roman Republic.
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Romulus and Remus 罗穆卢斯和瑞摩斯： Romulus (771 BC–717 BC) and Remus (771 BC–753 BC) were the twin brothers, who were said to be the founders of Rome. In Roman mythology, their parents were Mars and Rhea Silvia, the daughter of Latin King. The twins were ordered to be drowned by the new king who dethroned the Latin King. However, they were saved and raised by a she-wolf. When they grew up, the twins built their own city, but Remus was killed

英美文学PPT课件

English fiction)
The Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷故事集》（unfinished，24 stories）
2021/3/9
授课：XXX
5
Troilus and Criseyde 《特罗勒斯和科利西德》 the Romaunt of the Rose 《玫瑰罗曼史》（translation work）
2021/3/9
period of tragedies!!!
授(full of unrealistic compromises and fantasy)
Pericles 泰尔亲王里克里斯 Cymbeline 辛白林 The Winter's Tale 冬天的童话 The Tempest 暴风雨
B Piers the Plowman C Juliana D Elene
2021/3/9
授课：XXX
8
• 3 ___ is one of the best of the Middle English Romances. The poem consists of
A 2500 lines and contains 4 parts.
period of dramatic romances!!!
2021/3/9
授课：XXX
22
John Donne(约翰·邓恩)(1572－1631)
He wrote poems that were both obscene, vulgar and poems of serious philosophical thinking. These reflect his feeling of the conflict between the body and the soul. Later, the term “metaphysical poetry” is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers wrote under the influence of him.

英美文化概论第2讲

• 我们本人都直接代表美国以及美国作为自由、平等和机会之土地的希望。
1.2Value Orientation
Value Frankness Individualism Collectivism Respect for the Old Youthfulness Efficiency and practicality Peace Patriotism Feminism Being grateful Primary Western Western Eastern Eastern Western Western Eastern Eastern Western Eastern Western Eastern Western Eastern Eastern Western Secondary Eastern Tertiary Eastern Western Western Negligible
Classification of Culture
• Material cultures（物质文化）: dress, architecture, language, food, sports and so on. • Social cultures ( 社会文化） : gestures, greetings, behaviors, customs. • Ideological cultures (意识形态文化） : value, idea, thinking.
• 2.2 Analytical thinking
• 2.3 linear thinking 直线型 • 2.4 Cognitive thinking
Circutuitous thinking 绕圈子 Moral thinking
2.1 Western: Abstract thinking China: imaginary thinking

英美文化Chapter 2 History

C h a p t e r2H i s t o r yI. The Founding of the Nation1.1 Roman Britain and Anglo-Saxons1.1.1 Prehistoric Period (history undocumented)9,000 years ago part of E-Continent3,000 BC IberiansStonehenge1.1.2 Celtic Britain (8th—5th Century BC)The name of Britain—BritonsTribal societyCeltic Language(Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh)1.1.3 Roman Britain (43 AD—5th Century)First invasion—In August 55 BC, Julius Caesar invaded BritainSecond—Caesar's second raid in 54 BCThird and final—In 43 AD, Emperor Claudius, final and successful Roman invasion of BritainLeft—Germanic attack in Rome, forcing all Roman troops to leave Britain, and thus ending the Roman occupation of the island.1.1.3 Roman Britain (43 AD—5th Century)Capable administrators & good builders (towns and cities & roads) ▪Building of London, River Thames, “London Bridge”▪Building of roads1.1.4 The Anglo-Saxon Invasion (5th—8th Century)Germanic people(the Jutes from Jutland, Angles from South of Denmark and Saxons fromGermany)English (language of the Angles)dominant languageRoman ChristianitySt. Augustine brings Christianity to Britain from Rome and becomes Archbishop of Canterbury1.1.5 Danish Invasion (8th Century—1066)the Vikings (from the Scandinavian countries: Norway, Denmark and Sweden) Alfred the Great, king of Wessex▪A peace treaty: the eastern half of the island was to be subject to the Danish law and come to be known as the Danelaw▪From 1016 to 1042, under the rule of Danish kings.▪In 1042, the English throne was returned to the Anglo-Saxons▪Westminster Abbey, built in1052, by the penultimate King of England, Edward the Confessor (1042-1066)1.1.6 The Norman ConquestIn 1066, Edward died without an heir and Harold of Wessex became King in his place.Duke William, often referred to as William the Conquer, challenged Harold’s succession, won the Battle of Hastings, and was crowned King.In 1067, William started building the Tower of London, the greatfortress which demonstrated his power and dominated the city ofLondon.1.2.1 Great Charter (Magna Carta)In 1154 Henry II ascended the throneHenry II reformed the courts and the laws:▪introduced the jury system (陪审团制度)▪institutionalized common lawJohn ascended the throne in 1199. He demanded feudal taxes and army service.He was forced to sign the Magna Carta (大宪章).Significance▪townspeople—freedom of trade and self-government▪merchants and craftsmen—for the first time as a newpolitical force▪part of the British Constitution today1.2.2 Birth of ParliamentProvisions of Oxfordlimiting the King’s power by calling regular meetings of the GreatCouncilParler—to talkOfficial formation of the two houses of parliament:▪House of Lords▪House of Commons1.2.3 Hundred Years’ War (1337—1453)a series of wars fought between England and France over trade,territory, security and the throne▪promoted the concept of English nationalism.▪promoted the development of the textile industry▪raised the social position of the bourgeois class.1.2.4 The War of the Roses (1455—1485)A war for the throne between the House of York and the House ofLancaster.▪It reduced the power of nobility and helped to increase the power of the new rising bourgeois class.The House of Lancaster won and their leader Henry Tudor became King Henry VII and started the rule of the House of Tudor(1485-1603).II. Transition to the Modern Age2.1 Religious ReformationReasons—2 religious camps: Catholic and ProtestantImmediate cause: Henry VIII’s divorceAct of SupremacyHenry VIII—“only supreme head of the church of England”In essence, the Reformation was a political movement in a religious guise2.1 Religious ReformationQueen Elizabeth I (1558-1603)▪Consolidated the Church of England▪Defended the fruit of the Reformation in essence Golden Age of English History▪England advanced in such areas as foreign trade, exploration, literature, and the arts.▪The age of exploration began: claiming new lands for England and introducing new materials and foods.The American State, Virginia, is named after Queen Elizabeth.parliamentary clashes over monopolies▪the monarchy attempted to control commercial activities in the interests of the courtKing Charles I dissolved Parliament in 1629, and ruled the country without it for eleven years.The various classes in England soon split up into two camps: ▪Parliament: merchants, artisans and apprentices, peasants▪King: gentry, big landlords and monopolists2.2 The Civil WarThe civil war broke out (1642—1649)▪Between the Royalists (the Cavalier [保王党人]) andParliamentarians (Roundheads [圆颅党人])Result: the monarchy was abolished in 1649▪England was declared a commonwealth, i.e. a republic The Commonwealth (1649—1660)▪Cromwell, the head of the CommonwealthConservative in social reforms and protected propertyownership▪In 1660, Parliament had Charles II as king of England.▪This put an end to the Commonwealth.2.3 Restoration and the Glorious RevolutionRestoration:▪1661, Charles II: to restore the old social order▪1685, James II: to reestablish CatholicismGlorious Revolution▪1688: joint sovereign of William and Mary▪1689: Bill of Rights (limited the power of the monarch and guaranteed the authority of Parliament ) removed the ruling monarchand established Constitutional Monarchy2.4 The Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution took place first in Britain for the following reasons▪huge market▪colonies in America and India—capital▪enclosure movement—laborA series of important inventions in the textile industry marked thebeginning of Industrial Revolution:▪Spinning Jenny▪Water frame▪Spinning mule▪Power loom▪Steam engineMeans of transportation▪canals were dug to ship goods▪the locomotive invented in 1814▪the first railway completed in 1825▪large merchant fleetBy the middle of 19th century, the Industrial Revolution was accomplished in BritainIts influence: Britain changed in many ways▪dramatically increased industrial productivity▪the process of urbanization▪changes in class structure▪The conflict between the capitalists and the proletarians—the most important political issueIII. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire3.1 The Formation of the British EmpireFirst British Empire: 19th Century▪It included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West IndiesSecond British Empire during the Victorian Age: Mid- and late-19th Century▪Queen Victoria’s foreign policy—New ImperialismIt included the colonies in Australia, New Zealand and Canada—dominionsVictoria—“Empress of India”In Asia, occupied Burma and some other small states.Opium War against ChinaIn Africa, control Suez Canal and conquer EgyptUnion of South Africa—the 4th dominion On the Eve of World War I, Britain had the largest colonial empire the world had ever seen.▪ a territory of 33.5 million square kilometers (1/4 of the world’s total land).▪ a population of 393.5 million (8 times as large as that in Britain)▪An empire on which the sun never set3.2 Britain in the World Wars3.2.1 World War IBy the beginning of the 20th centur y, Britain’s dominance was challenged by other European nations and the USTwo camps in Europe:▪Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria▪Allied Powers: Britain, France, Russia, Italy and US The immediate cause—assassination in SarajevoOver 32 countries were involved, 28 of which support the Allies Powers and Allies Powers wonThe cost of the war for Britain was great:▪drained of its manpower▪lost the sea supremacy▪ a huge national debt3.2.2 World War IIGermany—plan to conquer EuropeBritain—appeasementdeclare war on Germany on September 3, 1939alliance with the Soviet Union and the United StatesGermany surrendered unconditionally on May 7, 1945great cost—lose its navalsupremacy and in debt tothe United States.3.3 The Fall of the EmpireIndependence movement—India, Pakistan, Burma, Malaya and EgyptBritish Commonwealth of Nations (a loosely organized community of former British colonies)IV. Britain since World War II4.1. “Three Majestic Circles”One of the Big Three after WWIIForeign Policy: Three Majestic Circles▪less involvement in the Commonwealth circle▪close cooperation with the United States▪an isolationist policy towards Europe4.2 “Special Relationship” with the USMargaret Thatcher▪Reestablished “special relationship” with the United States▪against European integrationTony Blair▪more positive towards Europe (but refuse to join the Euro)▪further strengthened the close relationship with the United States。

British_History

British History
The Origins of the British Nation
King Arthur‟s Legacy
After the roman soldiers left in ad410, Britain no longer had a strong army to defend it. There were battles between anglo-saxons and Britons. In ad491, for instance, a fight for the roman fort at Pevensey in Sussex was won by the Anglo-Saxons, who killed all the Britons in the fort. Later people told stories of British leaders who fought the invaders. One was ambrosius aurelianus (a roman name). Another was king Arthur. We do not know if there was a real Arthur. Most of the stories about him and his knights of the round table come much later in history. Legend says Arthur won a great battle around ad500, but he could not stop more Anglo-Saxons coming.
Roman Remains
Roman Contribution

uk-history 英美文化课件

• The prison reform movement led by Elizabeth Fry
• The modern police force founded by Sir Robert Peel
• Development of trade unions • Extension of the “franchise”
• Transition from tribal society into feudal society • Influence of Northern mythology on the English
language • Monasteries and written books
Back
The Norman Conquest
• The Industrial Revolution
– Invention of the steam engine – Factories and coal-mines multiplied with big towns spring up – Conflicts between labor and capital
– Literature – Adventure on the sea (Sir Francis Drake) – The Gunpowder Plot (Guy Fawkes)
Return
The 17th Century
• The Civil War
– King Charles I & “Divine Right” – “Roundheads” & “Cavaliers”
– Columbus and Vasco de Gama
• Beginning of the imperialist expansion • Beginning of freedom of thought in the

CultureClassHistory2【英美文化概况4】PPT课件

Anglo Saxon Britain
Anglo Saxon Britain
• England looked very different 1,600 years ago when the Anglo-Saxons came to Britain’s shores. Much of the country was covered in thick oak forests. Most of England's one million people lived in the countryside where they made a living from farming, and there were many kings, each one ruling over a different area of England.
Anglo Saxon B AD
Anglo Saxon Britain
• With the breakdown of Rome’s control of Britain it became possible for the Angles, Saxons and Jutes from across the North Sea (who had been raiding the coast of Britain for a hundred years) to increase their pressure. Instead of raiding and then withdrawing, by about 450 A.D they were beginning to settle here. The invasion consisted of a series of attacks on different parts of the country over a period of years and under a number of leaders.

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英美文化Chapter 2 History

British_History

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