raz_lw10_atlanticcrossing_lp

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RAZ朗读 -记忆曲线打卡表模板

9 60
2017年3月1日 Mongo and Cutie
周
61
2017年3月2日 Open and Close
62
2017年3月3日 Rocks
63
2017年3月4日 Sherman Sure Is Shy
64
2017年3月5日 Space
65
2017年3月6日 Taking Turns
第 66 10 67 周 68
Carlos Goes to School Fruit Colors Going Places
6
2017年1月6日 Hamster Home
He Runs
7
2017年1月7日 Hot and Cold
I Can
8
2017年1月8日 I Save Money
I See My Colors
9
2017年1月9日 I Set the Table
On the Farm
30 2017年1月30日 Paint It Purple
Playful Puppy
第 31 2017年1月31日 Pond Life
5 32
2017年2月1日 Taking the Bus
周 33
Hale Waihona Puke 2017年2月2日 The Picnic
Rain in the City The New Forest Path Three Baby Birds
23 2017年1月23日 Claros and His Techer
Games We Play
第 24 2017年1月24日 Go Animals Go 4 周
Gracie's Nose

美国RAZ分级读物目录整理

057. Shadows 058. Sherman Sure Is Shy 059. Snow Falls
060. Purple 061. Rain on Fairyland 062. Rainforest Animals 063. Red 064. The School 065. Seven 066. Show Some Love 067. Six 068. Spring 069. The Street 070. The Subway 071. Summer 072. Summer Camp 073. Summer Picnics 074. The Supermarket 075. Ten 076. These Birds 077. This Kitchen 078. Three 079. Too Many Sweets 080. Toys 081. The Trip 082. Twelve 083. Two 084. Under 085. Valentine's Day Gifts 086. Water 087. We Build 088. We Go Camping 089. White
It
042. Mongo Cutie
and
043. Lazy Lulu
043. The Moon
044. Light and
044. More Baby
Heavy
Animals
045. Maria and Her 045. My Clothes Are
Teacher
Too Small
046. My Body
A级分级
001. All Kinds of Buttons 002. All Kinds of Faces 003. Athletes

RAZ词汇-I级别

I2-1 A Monument纪念碑（或馆，堂，像等）for George➢4-1 honor 给……以荣誉➢5-1 National Mall : 国家广场，华盛顿国家广场➢13-1 stay up ：有熬夜的意思，多如stay up late；stay up there 待在那儿➢16-1 pillar 柱子I2-2 A Pocket Park for Tiny➢5-1 empty lot 空地lot 地块。

本意是“份额n；把…划分成块vt；抽签vi；许多pron”➢8-1 city hall 市政厅I2-3 Amazing Beaches6-1 gem/dʒem/ 宝石8-1 grains of sand 沙粒9-1 Bowling 保龄球11-1 Bermuda 百慕大，群岛16-1 polish 擦亮，抛光。

polished 擦亮的，优美的，圆滑的I2-4 Basketball4-1 hoop 铁环，篮筐。

也可以用ring或rim6-1 peach baskets 桃子筐11-1 baseline 底线，基线11-2 sideline 边线11-3 key Key(油漆区) 篮球场上双方篮下长方形油漆区域,也称Paint,“三秒区”11-4 free throw line 罚球线11-5 top of key三秒区弧顶11-6 midcourt line 中线12-1 bounce the ball 拍球13-1 Hoop stars 灌篮高手14-1 Connecticut /kə'netikət/康涅狄格州I2-5 Bigger Than a Monster Truck超大型卡车➢5-1 The Duck波士顿的“Duck”——是当地的水陆两栖旅游车，如同鸭子，既可上岸亦可下水。

其他美国城市也有这样的车，据说最早发源于波士顿。

车整个是船形，然后有四个轮子——在岸上的时候就是带轮子的汽车，下水就是船。

RAZ AA级第1~第26本

1.Farm AnimalsThe dog. The pig. The chicken. The goat. The cow. The duck. The sheep. The animals.2.Go, Go, GoThe dogs go. The pigs go. The birds go. The cats go. The goats go.The cows go. The ducks go.The animals go.3.Jump OverThe cat jumps over. The dog jumps over. The horse jumps over. The fox jumps over. The deer jumps over. The goat jumps over. The girl jumps over. The cow jumps over.4.PetsThe cat. The dog. The bunny. The bird. The goldfish. The mouse. The turtle. The hamster.5.Plains AnimalsThe fox. The elephant. The giraffe. The lion. The zebra. The ostrich. The crocodile. The plains.6.Rainforest AnimalsThe cat. The monkey. The frog. The parrot. The snake. The butterfly. The beetle. The rainforest.7.The CoastThe ocean. The waves. The beach. The rocks. The cliff. The birds. The lighthouse. The coast.8.WaterWater. The ocean. The lake. The river. The rain. The snow. The ice. Water.9.SpringThe ball. The bikes. The birds. The flowers. The rain. The rainbow. The bunny. The spring.10.SummerThe sunshine. The rain. The beach. The swimsuit. The ball. The flowers. The garden. The summer.11.It Is FallThe leaf. The apple. The acorn. The corn. The pumpkin. The rake. The moon. The jacket.12.WinterThe snow. The ice skates. The sled. The snowman. The mittens. The coat. The fire. The winter.13.The OceanThe water. The sand. The coral. The seaweed. The fish. The crab. The starfish. The ocean.14.The PlantThe dirt. The shovel. The hole. The seed. The rain. The sunshine. The baby plant. The plant.15.The ChickenThe chicken. The beak. The feathers. The wings. The tail. The legs. The feet. The eggs.16.These BirdsThese doves. These hawks. These crows. These owls. These eagles. These geese. These turkeys. These birds.17.Rain on FairylandRain on fairies. Rain on flowers. Rain on bugs. Rain on leaves. Rain on rocks. Rain on animals. Rain on water. Rain on roofs.18.Jungle FriendsBat friends. Bird friends. Monkey friends. Frog friends. Tiger friends. Snake friends. Ant friends. Jungle friends.19.Animals NapA dog naps. A bat naps. A horse naps. A bird naps. A lizard naps. A fish naps. A giraffe naps. A baby naps.20.Colorful EggsA red egg. A yellow egg. A pink egg. A purple egg. A orange egg. A green egg. A blue egg. A colorful egg.21.PurpleA purple shirt. A purple hat. A purple flip-flop. A purple ball. A purple towel. A purple backpack. A purple bucket. A purple ice pop.22.YellowThe yellow bus. The yellow light. The yellow cab. The yellow signs. The yellow truck. The yellow vest. The yellow lines. The yellow hat.23.BlueThe blue sky. The blue helmet. The blue bike. The blue bottle. The blue bench. The blue swing. The blue slide. The blue playground.24.GreenThis green snake. This green leaf. This green moss. This green frog. This green bird. This green insect. This green lizard. This green forest.25.OrangeAn orange tree. An orange leaf. An orange pumpkin. An orange flower. An orange butterfly. An orange snake. An orange field. An orange sunset.26.RedThe red tomato. The red beet. The red cherry. The red strawberry. The red apple. The red pepper. The red potato. The red radish.。

raz分级阅读c级第85本双语讲解

raz分级阅读c级第85本双语讲解1.引言尽管学习一门外语是一项困难的任务，但通过分级阅读的方法，我们可以逐步提高阅读能力并增强词汇量。

本文将对r az分级阅读c级第85本进行双语讲解，帮助读者更好地掌握其中的知识和技巧。

2.第一章:简介在本章中，我们将对整本书进行简要介绍，包括作者的背景、目标读者以及学习这本书的意义。

通过了解这些基本信息，读者可以更好地理解该书的内容和练习的目的。

3.第二章:重点词汇在这一章节，我们将强调本书中的重点词汇。

通过对这些词汇的详细解释和例句的展示，读者可以更好地理解并记忆这些词汇。

在之后的学习中，熟练掌握这些重点词汇将对理解整篇文章起到关键作用。

4.第三章:阅读理解练习本章将提供一系列阅读理解练习，帮助读者提高其阅读能力。

每个练习都包含一个双语文章和相关的问题。

通过仔细阅读文章并回答问题，读者可以加深对文章内容的理解，并提高自己的阅读技巧。

5.第四章:口语练习在这一章节，我们将提供一系列与本书主题相关的口语练习。

这些练习旨在帮助读者通过口语表达来巩固他们在阅读中学到的知识，并提高他们的口语交流能力。

每个练习都包含一段对话或问题，读者可以用英语进行回答或表达观点。

6.第五章:写作练习本章将引导读者进行与本书主题相关的写作练习。

通过写作练习，读者可以提高他们的写作技巧，并将所学知识应用于实际情境中。

每个练习都提供一个写作题目和指导，读者可以根据题目展开思考，并用英文进行写作。

7.第六章:附录在附录中，我们将提供一些额外的资料和资源，以帮助读者进一步扩展他们的学习。

这可能包括相关词汇的列表、推荐阅读书目以及在线语言学习资源的链接。

8.结论通过阅读本文库文档，读者可以了解到ra z分级阅读c级第85本双语讲解的内容和学习方法。

通过跟随本书的学习计划，读者可以提高阅读能力、扩大词汇量，并逐步掌握这门外语。

希望本文对各位读者有所帮助，祝愉快学习！。

Glider Flying Handbook说明书

Glider Flying Handbook2013U.S. Department of TransportationFEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATIONFlight Standards Servicei iPrefaceThe Glider Flying Handbook is designed as a technical manual for applicants who are preparing for glider category rating and for currently certificated glider pilots who wish to improve their knowledge. Certificated flight instructors will find this handbook a valuable training aid, since detailed coverage of aeronautical decision-making, components and systems, aerodynamics, flight instruments, performance limitations, ground operations, flight maneuvers, traffic patterns, emergencies, soaring weather, soaring techniques, and cross-country flight is included. Topics such as radio navigation and communication, use of flight information publications, and regulations are available in other Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) publications.The discussion and explanations reflect the most commonly used practices and principles. Occasionally, the word “must” or similar language is used where the desired action is deemed critical. The use of such language is not intended to add to, interpret, or relieve a duty imposed by Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR). Persons working towards a glider rating are advised to review the references from the applicable practical test standards (FAA-G-8082-4, Sport Pilot and Flight Instructor with a Sport Pilot Rating Knowledge Test Guide, FAA-G-8082-5, Commercial Pilot Knowledge Test Guide, and FAA-G-8082-17, Recreational Pilot and Private Pilot Knowledge Test Guide). Resources for study include FAA-H-8083-25, Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, FAA-H-8083-2, Risk Management Handbook, and Advisory Circular (AC) 00-6, Aviation Weather For Pilots and Flight Operations Personnel, AC 00-45, Aviation Weather Services, as these documents contain basic material not duplicated herein. All beginning applicants should refer to FAA-H-8083-25, Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, for study and basic library reference.It is essential for persons using this handbook to become familiar with and apply the pertinent parts of 14 CFR and the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM). The AIM is available online at . The current Flight Standards Service airman training and testing material and learning statements for all airman certificates and ratings can be obtained from .This handbook supersedes FAA-H-8083-13, Glider Flying Handbook, dated 2003. Always select the latest edition of any publication and check the website for errata pages and listing of changes to FAA educational publications developed by the FAA’s Airman Testing Standards Branch, AFS-630.This handbook is available for download, in PDF format, from .This handbook is published by the United States Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Airman Testing Standards Branch, AFS-630, P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125.Comments regarding this publication should be sent, in email form, to the following address:********************************************John M. AllenDirector, Flight Standards Serviceiiii vAcknowledgmentsThe Glider Flying Handbook was produced by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) with the assistance of Safety Research Corporation of America (SRCA). The FAA wishes to acknowledge the following contributors: Sue Telford of Telford Fishing & Hunting Services for images used in Chapter 1JerryZieba () for images used in Chapter 2Tim Mara () for images used in Chapters 2 and 12Uli Kremer of Alexander Schleicher GmbH & Co for images used in Chapter 2Richard Lancaster () for images and content used in Chapter 3Dave Nadler of Nadler & Associates for images used in Chapter 6Dave McConeghey for images used in Chapter 6John Brandon (www.raa.asn.au) for images and content used in Chapter 7Patrick Panzera () for images used in Chapter 8Jeff Haby (www.theweatherprediction) for images used in Chapter 8National Soaring Museum () for content used in Chapter 9Bill Elliot () for images used in Chapter 12.Tiffany Fidler for images used in Chapter 12.Additional appreciation is extended to the Soaring Society of America, Inc. (), the Soaring Safety Foundation, and Mr. Brad Temeyer and Mr. Bill Martin from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for their technical support and input.vv iPreface (iii)Acknowledgments (v)Table of Contents (vii)Chapter 1Gliders and Sailplanes ........................................1-1 Introduction....................................................................1-1 Gliders—The Early Years ..............................................1-2 Glider or Sailplane? .......................................................1-3 Glider Pilot Schools ......................................................1-4 14 CFR Part 141 Pilot Schools ...................................1-5 14 CFR Part 61 Instruction ........................................1-5 Glider Certificate Eligibility Requirements ...................1-5 Common Glider Concepts ..............................................1-6 Terminology...............................................................1-6 Converting Metric Distance to Feet ...........................1-6 Chapter 2Components and Systems .................................2-1 Introduction....................................................................2-1 Glider Design .................................................................2-2 The Fuselage ..................................................................2-4 Wings and Components .............................................2-4 Lift/Drag Devices ...........................................................2-5 Empennage .....................................................................2-6 Towhook Devices .......................................................2-7 Powerplant .....................................................................2-7 Self-Launching Gliders .............................................2-7 Sustainer Engines .......................................................2-8 Landing Gear .................................................................2-8 Wheel Brakes .............................................................2-8 Chapter 3Aerodynamics of Flight .......................................3-1 Introduction....................................................................3-1 Forces of Flight..............................................................3-2 Newton’s Third Law of Motion .................................3-2 Lift ..............................................................................3-2The Effects of Drag on a Glider .....................................3-3 Parasite Drag ..............................................................3-3 Form Drag ...............................................................3-3 Skin Friction Drag ..................................................3-3 Interference Drag ....................................................3-5 Total Drag...................................................................3-6 Wing Planform ...........................................................3-6 Elliptical Wing ........................................................3-6 Rectangular Wing ...................................................3-7 Tapered Wing .........................................................3-7 Swept-Forward Wing ..............................................3-7 Washout ..................................................................3-7 Glide Ratio .................................................................3-8 Aspect Ratio ............................................................3-9 Weight ........................................................................3-9 Thrust .........................................................................3-9 Three Axes of Rotation ..................................................3-9 Stability ........................................................................3-10 Flutter .......................................................................3-11 Lateral Stability ........................................................3-12 Turning Flight ..............................................................3-13 Load Factors .................................................................3-13 Radius of Turn ..........................................................3-14 Turn Coordination ....................................................3-15 Slips ..........................................................................3-15 Forward Slip .........................................................3-16 Sideslip .................................................................3-17 Spins .........................................................................3-17 Ground Effect ...............................................................3-19 Chapter 4Flight Instruments ...............................................4-1 Introduction....................................................................4-1 Pitot-Static Instruments ..................................................4-2 Impact and Static Pressure Lines................................4-2 Airspeed Indicator ......................................................4-2 The Effects of Altitude on the AirspeedIndicator..................................................................4-3 Types of Airspeed ...................................................4-3Table of ContentsviiAirspeed Indicator Markings ......................................4-5 Other Airspeed Limitations ........................................4-6 Altimeter .....................................................................4-6 Principles of Operation ...........................................4-6 Effect of Nonstandard Pressure andTemperature............................................................4-7 Setting the Altimeter (Kollsman Window) .............4-9 Types of Altitude ......................................................4-10 Variometer................................................................4-11 Total Energy System .............................................4-14 Netto .....................................................................4-14 Electronic Flight Computers ....................................4-15 Magnetic Compass .......................................................4-16 Yaw String ................................................................4-16 Inclinometer..............................................................4-16 Gyroscopic Instruments ...............................................4-17 G-Meter ........................................................................4-17 FLARM Collision Avoidance System .........................4-18 Chapter 5Glider Performance .............................................5-1 Introduction....................................................................5-1 Factors Affecting Performance ......................................5-2 High and Low Density Altitude Conditions ...........5-2 Atmospheric Pressure .............................................5-2 Altitude ...................................................................5-3 Temperature............................................................5-3 Wind ...........................................................................5-3 Weight ........................................................................5-5 Rate of Climb .................................................................5-7 Flight Manuals and Placards ..........................................5-8 Placards ......................................................................5-8 Performance Information ...........................................5-8 Glider Polars ...............................................................5-8 Weight and Balance Information .............................5-10 Limitations ...............................................................5-10 Weight and Balance .....................................................5-12 Center of Gravity ......................................................5-12 Problems Associated With CG Forward ofForward Limit .......................................................5-12 Problems Associated With CG Aft of Aft Limit ..5-13 Sample Weight and Balance Problems ....................5-13 Ballast ..........................................................................5-14 Chapter 6Preflight and Ground Operations .......................6-1 Introduction....................................................................6-1 Assembly and Storage Techniques ................................6-2 Trailering....................................................................6-3 Tiedown and Securing ................................................6-4Water Ballast ..............................................................6-4 Ground Handling........................................................6-4 Launch Equipment Inspection ....................................6-5 Glider Preflight Inspection .........................................6-6 Prelaunch Checklist ....................................................6-7 Glider Care .....................................................................6-7 Preventive Maintenance .............................................6-8 Chapter 7Launch and Recovery Procedures and Flight Maneuvers ............................................................7-1 Introduction....................................................................7-1 Aerotow Takeoff Procedures .........................................7-2 Signals ........................................................................7-2 Prelaunch Signals ....................................................7-2 Inflight Signals ........................................................7-3 Takeoff Procedures and Techniques ..........................7-3 Normal Assisted Takeoff............................................7-4 Unassisted Takeoff.....................................................7-5 Crosswind Takeoff .....................................................7-5 Assisted ...................................................................7-5 Unassisted...............................................................7-6 Aerotow Climb-Out ....................................................7-6 Aerotow Release.........................................................7-8 Slack Line ...................................................................7-9 Boxing the Wake ......................................................7-10 Ground Launch Takeoff Procedures ............................7-11 CG Hooks .................................................................7-11 Signals ......................................................................7-11 Prelaunch Signals (Winch/Automobile) ...............7-11 Inflight Signals ......................................................7-12 Tow Speeds ..............................................................7-12 Automobile Launch ..................................................7-14 Crosswind Takeoff and Climb .................................7-14 Normal Into-the-Wind Launch .................................7-15 Climb-Out and Release Procedures ..........................7-16 Self-Launch Takeoff Procedures ..............................7-17 Preparation and Engine Start ....................................7-17 Taxiing .....................................................................7-18 Pretakeoff Check ......................................................7-18 Normal Takeoff ........................................................7-19 Crosswind Takeoff ...................................................7-19 Climb-Out and Shutdown Procedures ......................7-19 Landing .....................................................................7-21 Gliderport/Airport Traffic Patterns and Operations .....7-22 Normal Approach and Landing ................................7-22 Crosswind Landing ..................................................7-25 Slips ..........................................................................7-25 Downwind Landing ..................................................7-27 After Landing and Securing .....................................7-27viiiPerformance Maneuvers ..............................................7-27 Straight Glides ..........................................................7-27 Turns.........................................................................7-28 Roll-In ...................................................................7-29 Roll-Out ................................................................7-30 Steep Turns ...........................................................7-31 Maneuvering at Minimum Controllable Airspeed ...7-31 Stall Recognition and Recovery ...............................7-32 Secondary Stalls ....................................................7-34 Accelerated Stalls .................................................7-34 Crossed-Control Stalls ..........................................7-35 Operating Airspeeds .....................................................7-36 Minimum Sink Airspeed ..........................................7-36 Best Glide Airspeed..................................................7-37 Speed to Fly ..............................................................7-37 Chapter 8Abnormal and Emergency Procedures .............8-1 Introduction....................................................................8-1 Porpoising ......................................................................8-2 Pilot-Induced Oscillations (PIOs) ..............................8-2 PIOs During Launch ...................................................8-2 Factors Influencing PIOs ........................................8-2 Improper Elevator Trim Setting ..............................8-3 Improper Wing Flaps Setting ..................................8-3 Pilot-Induced Roll Oscillations During Launch .........8-3 Pilot-Induced Yaw Oscillations During Launch ........8-4 Gust-Induced Oscillations ..............................................8-5 Vertical Gusts During High-Speed Cruise .................8-5 Pilot-Induced Pitch Oscillations During Landing ......8-6 Glider-Induced Oscillations ...........................................8-6 Pitch Influence of the Glider Towhook Position ........8-6 Self-Launching Glider Oscillations During Powered Flight ...........................................................8-7 Nosewheel Glider Oscillations During Launchesand Landings ..............................................................8-7 Tailwheel/Tailskid Equipped Glider Oscillations During Launches and Landings ..................................8-8 Aerotow Abnormal and Emergency Procedures ............8-8 Abnormal Procedures .................................................8-8 Towing Failures........................................................8-10 Tow Failure With Runway To Land and Stop ......8-11 Tow Failure Without Runway To Land BelowReturning Altitude ................................................8-11 Tow Failure Above Return to Runway Altitude ...8-11 Tow Failure Above 800' AGL ..............................8-12 Tow Failure Above Traffic Pattern Altitude .........8-13 Slack Line .................................................................8-13 Ground Launch Abnormal and Emergency Procedures ....................................................................8-14 Abnormal Procedures ...............................................8-14 Emergency Procedures .............................................8-14 Self-Launch Takeoff Emergency Procedures ..............8-15 Emergency Procedures .............................................8-15 Spiral Dives ..................................................................8-15 Spins .............................................................................8-15 Entry Phase ...............................................................8-17 Incipient Phase .........................................................8-17 Developed Phase ......................................................8-17 Recovery Phase ........................................................8-17 Off-Field Landing Procedures .....................................8-18 Afterlanding Off Field .............................................8-20 Off-Field Landing Without Injury ........................8-20 Off-Field Landing With Injury .............................8-20 System and Equipment Malfunctions ..........................8-20 Flight Instrument Malfunctions ................................8-20 Airspeed Indicator Malfunctions ..........................8-21 Altimeter Malfunctions .........................................8-21 Variometer Malfunctions ......................................8-21 Compass Malfunctions .........................................8-21 Glider Canopy Malfunctions ....................................8-21 Broken Glider Canopy ..........................................8-22 Frosted Glider Canopy ..........................................8-22 Water Ballast Malfunctions ......................................8-22 Retractable Landing Gear Malfunctions ..................8-22 Primary Flight Control Systems ...............................8-22 Elevator Malfunctions ..........................................8-22 Aileron Malfunctions ............................................8-23 Rudder Malfunctions ............................................8-24 Secondary Flight Controls Systems .........................8-24 Elevator Trim Malfunctions .................................8-24 Spoiler/Dive Brake Malfunctions .........................8-24 Miscellaneous Flight System Malfunctions .................8-25 Towhook Malfunctions ............................................8-25 Oxygen System Malfunctions ..................................8-25 Drogue Chute Malfunctions .....................................8-25 Self-Launching Gliders ................................................8-26 Self-Launching/Sustainer Glider Engine Failure During Takeoff or Climb ..........................................8-26 Inability to Restart a Self-Launching/SustainerGlider Engine While Airborne .................................8-27 Self-Launching Glider Propeller Malfunctions ........8-27 Self-Launching Glider Electrical System Malfunctions .............................................................8-27 In-flight Fire .............................................................8-28 Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear ...................8-28 Survival Gear Checklists ..........................................8-28 Food and Water ........................................................8-28ixClothing ....................................................................8-28 Communication ........................................................8-29 Navigation Equipment ..............................................8-29 Medical Equipment ..................................................8-29 Stowage ....................................................................8-30 Parachute ..................................................................8-30 Oxygen System Malfunctions ..................................8-30 Accident Prevention .....................................................8-30 Chapter 9Soaring Weather ..................................................9-1 Introduction....................................................................9-1 The Atmosphere .............................................................9-2 Composition ...............................................................9-2 Properties ....................................................................9-2 Temperature............................................................9-2 Density ....................................................................9-2 Pressure ...................................................................9-2 Standard Atmosphere .................................................9-3 Layers of the Atmosphere ..........................................9-4 Scale of Weather Events ................................................9-4 Thermal Soaring Weather ..............................................9-6 Thermal Shape and Structure .....................................9-6 Atmospheric Stability .................................................9-7 Air Masses Conducive to Thermal Soaring ...................9-9 Cloud Streets ..............................................................9-9 Thermal Waves...........................................................9-9 Thunderstorms..........................................................9-10 Lifted Index ..........................................................9-12 K-Index .................................................................9-12 Weather for Slope Soaring .......................................9-14 Mechanism for Wave Formation ..............................9-16 Lift Due to Convergence ..........................................9-19 Obtaining Weather Information ...................................9-21 Preflight Weather Briefing........................................9-21 Weather-ReIated Information ..................................9-21 Interpreting Weather Charts, Reports, andForecasts ......................................................................9-23 Graphic Weather Charts ...........................................9-23 Winds and Temperatures Aloft Forecast ..............9-23 Composite Moisture Stability Chart .....................9-24 Chapter 10Soaring Techniques ..........................................10-1 Introduction..................................................................10-1 Thermal Soaring ...........................................................10-2 Locating Thermals ....................................................10-2 Cumulus Clouds ...................................................10-2 Other Indicators of Thermals ................................10-3 Wind .....................................................................10-4 The Big Picture .....................................................10-5Entering a Thermal ..............................................10-5 Inside a Thermal.......................................................10-6 Bank Angle ...........................................................10-6 Speed .....................................................................10-6 Centering ...............................................................10-7 Collision Avoidance ................................................10-9 Exiting a Thermal .....................................................10-9 Atypical Thermals ..................................................10-10 Ridge/Slope Soaring ..................................................10-10 Traps ......................................................................10-10 Procedures for Safe Flying .....................................10-12 Bowls and Spurs .....................................................10-13 Slope Lift ................................................................10-13 Obstructions ...........................................................10-14 Tips and Techniques ...............................................10-15 Wave Soaring .............................................................10-16 Preflight Preparation ...............................................10-17 Getting Into the Wave ............................................10-18 Flying in the Wave .................................................10-20 Soaring Convergence Zones ...................................10-23 Combined Sources of Updrafts ..............................10-24 Chapter 11Cross-Country Soaring .....................................11-1 Introduction..................................................................11-1 Flight Preparation and Planning ...................................11-2 Personal and Special Equipment ..................................11-3 Navigation ....................................................................11-5 Using the Plotter .......................................................11-5 A Sample Cross-Country Flight ...............................11-5 Navigation Using GPS .............................................11-8 Cross-Country Techniques ...........................................11-9 Soaring Faster and Farther .........................................11-11 Height Bands ..........................................................11-11 Tips and Techniques ...............................................11-12 Special Situations .......................................................11-14 Course Deviations ..................................................11-14 Lost Procedures ......................................................11-14 Cross-Country Flight in a Self-Launching Glider .....11-15 High-Performance Glider Operations and Considerations ............................................................11-16 Glider Complexity ..................................................11-16 Water Ballast ..........................................................11-17 Cross-Country Flight Using Other Lift Sources ........11-17 Chapter 12Towing ................................................................12-1 Introduction..................................................................12-1 Equipment Inspections and Operational Checks .........12-2 Tow Hook ................................................................12-2 Schweizer Tow Hook ...........................................12-2x。

海尼曼绘本翻译篇

1,GK-15 The Park 公园I can see the grass・我能看见青草。

I can see the flowers・我能看见花朵。

I can see the trees・我能看见树木。

I can see the birds・我能看见小鸟。

I can see the slide・我能看见滑滑梯。

I can see the swings・我能看见秋千。

I can see the children・我能看见孩子们。

I can see the park.我能看见整个公园。

2,GK-19 Playing Dress Up 换装游戏I am a little cat.我是一只小猫。

I am a little bee.我是一只小蜜蜂。

I am a little duck・我是一只小鸭子。

I am a little monster.我是一只小怪物。

I am a little dancer・我是一个小舞蹈家I am a little dog・我是一只小狗。

I am a little bunny.我是一只小兔子。

I am a little girl.我是一个小女孩。

3,GK-20 Little Cub 小虎崽I am eating・我正在吃东西。

I am running.我正在跑。

I am riding・我正在乘车。

I am drawing.我正在画画。

I am kicking.我正在踢球。

I am playing.我正在玩游戏。

I am reading・我正在看书。

I am dreaming.我正在做梦。

4,Gl-040 Look 看Look at my feet. 看我的脚。

Look at my legs・看我的腿。

Look at my tail.看我的尾巴。

Look at my neck看我的脖子。

Look at my eyes・看我的眼睛。

Look at my nose.看我的昴子。

Look at my ears・看我的耳朵。

raz分级阅读中英文对照k

raz分级阅读中英文对照k全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: My Favorite Book - Raz Reading Level KHi everyone! Today I want to tell you about my favorite book from Raz Reading Level K. It's called "The Big Blue Sea" and it's super cool!The book is all about a little fish named Fin who lives in the big blue sea. He has a lot of fishy friends like Sandy the seahorse and Bob the octopus. One day, Fin goes on an adventure to explore a sunken ship at the bottom of the sea. He meets a shiny treasure chest full of jewels and pearls! But uh-oh, there's a big, scary shark guarding the treasure!Fin has to use his smarts and quick swimming skills to outsmart the shark and escape with the treasure. With the help of his friends, they all work together to outwit the shark and make it back home safely.I love this book because it's so exciting and fun to read. The pictures are colorful and the story keeps me on the edge of myseat. I also like how Fin and his friends work together to solve problems and help each other out. It's a great lesson in teamwork and friendship.I recommend "The Big Blue Sea" to all my friends. It's a great book to read if you love adventure and sea creatures. I can't wait to read more books from Raz Reading Level K and see what other fun stories are waiting for me!That's all for now. Thanks for listening to my book review. Happy reading!篇2Title: My Favorite Book - Raz Kids Reading Level KHey guys, it's me again! Today, I want to talk to you about my favorite book on Raz Kids, Reading Level K. It's called "The Big Race" and it's super cool!The story is about three friends, Ben, Sam, and Max, who decide to have a race in the park. Each of them has a different way of moving – Ben rides a bike, Sam skates on a skateboard, and Max zooms around on his scooter. They all think their way is the fastest, so they start the race to find out who is the speediest of them all.During the race, they encounter obstacles like rocks, puddles, and even a wiggly snake! But they don't give up and keep going, trying to be the first one to reach the finish line. It's so exciting to see who will win in the end!I love this book because it teaches me about friendship and teamwork. Even though the friends are competing against each other, they still support and encourage one another along the way. It's important to remember that it's not always about winning, but about having fun and enjoying the journey together.I also enjoy the colorful illustrations in the book. They make the story come to life and help me imagine myself racing alongside Ben, Sam, and Max. The pictures really capture the excitement and energy of the race.After reading "The Big Race", I feel inspired to go outside and play with my friends. Maybe we can have our own race and see who is the fastest among us! I can't wait to have some fun and make memories, just like Ben, Sam, and Max did in the story.In conclusion, "The Big Race" is my favorite book on Raz Kids at Reading Level K. It's fun, engaging, and teaches me important lessons about friendship. I highly recommend it to all of you wholove adventure and competition. Let's read together and have a blast!篇3Title: My Day at RAZ Reading CenterHi everyone! Today I want to tell you all about my fun day at the RAZ Reading Center. It was super exciting and I can't wait to share all the cool things I did!First, when I got to the reading center, I saw lots of books everywhere. There were so many to choose from! I saw books about animals, adventures, and even some funny stories. It was hard to decide which one to read first, but I finally picked a book about a superhero cat. It was awesome!Then, I met my reading teacher, Miss Sarah. She was really nice and helped me practice reading out loud. I felt a little nervous at first, but Miss Sarah cheered me on and I did a great job! Reading out loud was so much fun, I can't wait to do it again.After reading with Miss Sarah, I got to play some reading games on the computer. There were games where I had to match words with pictures, and games where I had to fill in the missingletters. It was like playing and learning at the same time! I felt like a reading super star.Before I left the reading center, Miss Sarah gave me a sticker for doing such a good job. I was really proud of myself and couldn't wait to tell my friends about all the fun I had at RAZ Reading Center.I can't wait to go back and read more books and play more games. Reading is so much fun and I know I'm going to get even better with practice. Thanks for listening to my adventure at the RAZ Reading Center. I hope you all have a super reading day too! Bye!篇4Title: My Favorite Book - Raz Kids in English and ChineseHi everyone! Today I want to talk to you about my favorite book on Raz Kids called "The Adventure of Billy and the Magic Tree". It's a really cool book that I enjoy reading over and over again.The story is about a boy named Billy who discovers a magic tree in his backyard. The tree can transport him to different places and times with just a touch of its leaves. Billy goes onexciting adventures to ancient Egypt, the Wild West, and even outer space! Along the way, he meets interesting characters and learns valuable lessons.I love this book because it's so exciting and fun to imagine all the places Billy visits. The illustrations are colorful and beautiful, which helps me understand the story better. I also like how Billy is brave and curious, just like me!Reading books on Raz Kids is great because I can hear the stories read out loud, which helps me with my English listening skills. I can also read along and practice my pronunciation. Plus, there are quizzes at the end of each book to test my comprehension.I highly recommend "The Adventure of Billy and the Magic Tree" to all my friends. It's a fantastic book that will take you on a magical journey full of surprises and wonder. If you haven't read it yet, you should definitely check it out on Raz Kids!That's all for now. Thanks for listening to my book recommendation. Happy reading, everyone! Bye-bye!篇5Title: My Favorite Book - The Adventures of Tom SawyerHi everyone! Today I want to talk to you about my favorite book, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. It’s a super cool book written by Mark Twain. Let me tell you all about it!The story is about a boy named Tom Sawyer who lives in a small town in America. He’s always getting into trouble and going on crazy adventures with his friends. One day, Tom and his friends witness a murder and they have to swear to keep it a secret. But keeping a secret is really hard, especially for a mischievous kid like Tom!Tom also falls in love with a girl named Becky and he tries to impress her by doing brave things. He convinces Becky to get engaged to him by sharing a special kiss! It’s so romantic!One of the best parts of the book is when Tom and his friend Huck Finn go on a treasure hunt. They find a treasure chest full of gold coins hidden in a spooky old house. They become rich and famous in the town!But things take a scary turn when Tom and Becky get lost in a cave. They are trapped inside for days and have to find a way out before they run out of food and water. It’s a real a dventure with lots of twists and turns!In the end, Tom becomes a hero in the town and everyone loves him. He learns important lessons about friendship, bravery, and honesty. I love this book because it’s so exciting and fun to read. I hope you all get a chance to read it too!That’s all for now. Thanks for listening, my friends!Bye-bye!篇6Title: My Experience with Raz ReadingHey guys, I want to share with you my experience with Raz Reading. Have you heard of it before? It's a really cool app that helps us improve our reading skills. Let me tell you all about it!Raz Reading has different levels, like A-Z, and each level has lots of books to choose from. The books are super fun to read and they have cool pictures too. I love reading the stories and learning new words.I started with level A and it was easy peasy lemon squeezy. The stories were short and simple, perfect for beginners like me. As I kept reading, I moved up to higher levels like D and E. The stories got longer and more challenging, but I didn't give up. I tried my best and kept practicing.One thing I really like about Raz Reading is the quiz at the end of each book. It helps me remember what I read and test my comprehension skills. Sometimes, I even get to earn points and badges for doing well in the quizzes. It's like a game and I love it!I also get to listen to the stories being read out loud. It's great for when I get stuck on a word or need help with pronunciation. I just click on the speaker button and the story comes to life with sound effects and everything.My favorite part of Raz Reading is the rewards. When I finish a book or reach a milestone, I get to collect stars and trophies. It makes me feel proud of myself and motivates me to keep reading more.In conclusion, Raz Reading has helped me become a better reader. I feel more confident and excited about reading now. I can't wait to explore more levels and discover new stories. If you haven't tried Raz Reading yet, I highly recommend it. It's super fun and educational at the same time. Happy reading, everyone!。

raz分级阅读单词汇总

raz分级阅读单词汇总raz(Reading A-Z)是一家专注于阅读教育的在线资源库，为学生和教师提供了大量的阅读材料和教学支持。

raz的分级阅读系统从A到Z，共有27个级别，每个级别都有一系列适合不同年龄和阅读能力的书籍。

本文将为您总结其中的一些重要单词，以及它们的简要解释和用法示例，旨在帮助您更好地了解这些阅读材料并提高阅读能力。

级别A-C：这些级别主要适合初学者，涵盖了一些基础词汇和简单的句子结构。

以下是一些常见的单词：1. a：一个（不定冠词）示例：I have a cat.（我有一只猫。

）2. can：能够示例：He can swim.（他会游泳。

）3. go：去示例：We go to school every day.（我们每天去学校。

）4. see：看见示例：I can see the rainbow.（我能看见彩虹。

）级别D-J：这些级别适合初级阅读者，包括了一些更复杂的词汇和句子。

以下是一些常见的单词：1. before：之前示例：I brush my teeth before going to bed.（睡觉前我刷牙。

）2. friend：朋友示例：She is my best friend.（她是我最好的朋友。

）3. happy：幸福的示例：I feel happy on my birthday.（在我的生日上我感到幸福。

）4. like：喜欢示例：I like to play soccer.（我喜欢踢足球。

）级别K-O：这些级别适合中级阅读者，词汇量和句子结构都更加复杂。

以下是一些常见的单词：1. adventure：冒险示例：They went on an adventure in the jungle.（他们在丛林中冒险了。

）2. discover：发现示例：We discovered a treasure in the cave.（我们在洞穴中发现了一宝藏。

）3. journey：旅程示例：We had a long journey to the mountains.（我们去山上的旅程很长。

razyoucancross文本

razyoucancross文本1. 任务背景razyoucancross是一个游戏名称，该游戏以跨越障碍物为主题。

本文将详细介绍razyoucancross游戏的背景故事、游戏玩法、关卡设计和特色功能等方面内容。

2. 游戏背景故事在一个遥远的星球上，有一个叫做Crosstopia的美丽世界。

这个星球上的居民都是由各种各样的障碍物组成的。

然而，这些障碍物使得居民们无法自由地在星球上移动。

主人公是一个名叫Razy的勇者，他决定踏上一段穿越星球的旅程，解除居民们的困扰。

他的使命是跨越各种障碍物，让星球上的居民们能够自由地行走。

3. 游戏玩法razyoucancross是一款休闲益智类游戏，玩家需要通过操作主人公Razy来完成各种障碍物的跨越。

游戏主要分为以下几个部分：3.1 角色操作玩家通过触摸屏幕上的方向按钮来控制主人公Razy的移动方向。

Razy可以向左、向右、向上或者向下移动。

3.2 障碍物类型在游戏中，有各种各样的障碍物，如高墙、河流、火山等。

每个障碍物都有不同的高度和宽度，玩家需要根据障碍物的特点来选择合适的跨越方式。

3.3 特殊道具在游戏中，玩家可以收集到一些特殊道具，如跳跃靴、飞行披风等。

这些道具可以帮助玩家更轻松地跨越障碍物。

玩家需要合理运用这些道具，才能顺利通过关卡。

3.4 关卡设计razyoucancross游戏中有多个关卡，每个关卡都有不同的难度和挑战。

玩家需要通过解谜和操作，找到最佳的跨越路径，完成关卡目标。

4. 游戏特色功能除了基本的游戏玩法外，razyoucancross还具有以下几个特色功能：4.1 创意关卡编辑器razyoucancross提供了一个创意关卡编辑器，玩家可以根据自己的喜好和想象力，设计属于自己的关卡。

玩家可以选择障碍物的类型、位置和数量等，来制作独一无二的关卡。

4.2 多人对战模式razyoucancross还支持多人对战模式，玩家可以与好友或其他玩家进行实时对战。

raz_cqlz01_vikings

1.The Vikings of Norway traveled as far as _________.the western coast of Europe the Mediterranean Sea North America Eastern Europe2.Why did the Vikings design boats to look similar in the front and the back?The crew could change direction without turning around.The crew could sit either way in the boat.The crew would sit both ways in the boat.The crew could confuse enemies.3.What was similar about the Vikings from Norway, Sweden,and Denmark?They had good sailing skills.They liked adventure.They were brave.all of the above4.Iceland and Greenland were both settled by _________.people who were looking for adventurepeople who wanted to leave their homelandpeople who had broken the rules of their homeland people who had crossed the oceans many times5.What did Viking warriors often do after taking over a land?followed the laws became farmers worked hard all of the above6.What does ruthless mean?to be brave to be cruel a warrior a ruler7.Why did Leif Ericson stop exploring?He sold his boat to his brother.He became rich from his many conquests.He was killed on a voyage to North America.He was working to convert people to Christianity.8.What was unusual at the time about the government that Folke Vilgerdsson set up in Iceland?It was run by a dictator.It was based on a religion. It was headed by a queen.It was a form of democracy.9.What does conquered mean?to take control of to begin a battle to set free to give in10.Which statement is true?Columbus and Leif Ericson were both trying to be the first to explore North America.The Ericson brothers explored North America long after Christopher Columbus.Christopher Columbus and the Ericson brothers’explorations opened new worlds.all of the above11.The Vikings became skilledsailors and explorers because _________.they took control of many countriesthey were not successful at farming or fishing they lived along the rugged coast of Northern Europe all of the above12.Leif Ericson named the NorthAmerican land he wintered in _________.Canada Vinland Mexico Greenland13. Extended Response: Why is itpossible that historic images of Vikings are distorted or untrue?14. Extended Response: Explain whyyou would or would not like to have been included in a Viking exploration. Give at least two reasons for your choice.。

razkids英语分级阅读

RAZ Kids英语分级阅读RAZkids 英语分级阅读最大的特色点就是按难度层次分了 27 个阅读等级从 AA 级、A 级、B 级到 Z 级，合适每一个学习英语孩子。

故事内容的图像设计由插画家绘制，亦有真切照片。

是一套阅读学习由简单到复杂的很好教材，学起来兴趣也更深沉，英语阅读不再变得乏味。

RAZ Kids English分级阅读aa 级 -cityRAZ Kids English分级阅读aa 级 -go go goRAZ Kids English分级阅读aa 级 -inRAZ Kids English分级阅读aa 级 -it is fallRAZ Kids English分级阅读aa 级 -onRAZ Kids English分级阅读aa 级 -outRAZ Kids English分级阅读aa 级 -petsRAZ Kids English分级阅读aa 级 -springRAZ Kids English分级阅读 a 级 -baby animalsRAZ Kids English分级阅读 a 级 -baby animals(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 a 级 -bird goes homeRAZ Kids English分级阅读 a 级 -bird goes home(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 a 级 -going placesRAZ Kids English分级阅读 a 级 -going places( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 a 级 -in outRAZ Kids English分级阅读 a 级 -in out( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 a 级 -Maria goes to schoolRAZ Kids English分级阅读 a 级 -my dogRAZ Kids English分级阅读 a 级-Maria goes to school(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 a 级 -my dog( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 a 级 -my hairRAZ Kids English分级阅读 a 级 -my hair( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 a 级 -up and downRAZ Kids English分级阅读 a 级 -up and down(测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 b 级 -animal soundsRAZ Kids English分级阅读 b 级 -animal sounds(测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 b 级 -bananas sometimesRAZ Kids English分级阅读 b 级 -bananas sometimes(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 b 级 -go animals goRAZ Kids English分级阅读 b 级 -go animals go(测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 b 级 -how many legsRAZ Kids English分级阅读 b 级 -how many legs( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 b 级 -I read a bookRAZ Kids English分级阅读 b 级 -I read a book(测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 b 级 -paint it purpleRAZ Kids English分级阅读 b 级 -paint it purple(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 b 级 -playful puppyRAZ Kids English分级阅读 b 级 -playful puppy(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 b 级 -we make cookiesRAZ Kids English分级阅读 b 级 -we make cookies( 测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 c 级 -busy at schoolRAZ Kids English分级阅读 c 级 -busy at school(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 c 级 -get inRAZ Kids English分级阅读 c 级 -get in( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 c 级 -making salsaRAZ Kids English分级阅读 c 级 -making salsa(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 c 级 -open and closeRAZ Kids English分级阅读 c 级 -open and close( 测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 c 级 -the woodsy band jamRAZ Kids English分级阅读 c 级 -the woodsy band jam(测验)RAZ Kids English分级阅读 c 级 -what amimals eatRAZ Kids English分级阅读 c 级 -what animals eat( 测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 c 级 -who who whoRAZ Kids English分级阅读 c 级 -who who who(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 c 级 -yammy yammy( 测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 c 级 -yummy yummyRAZ Kids English分级阅读 d 级 -community helpersRAZ Kids English分级阅读 d 级 -community helpers(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 d 级 -getting around the cityRAZ Kids English分级阅读 d 级 -getting around the city( 测验)RAZ Kids English分级阅读 d 级 -maria's halloweenRAZ Kids English分级阅读 d 级 -maria's halloween(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 d 级 -sensesRAZ Kids English分级阅读 d 级 -senses( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 d 级 -the mittenRAZ Kids English分级阅读 d 级 -the mitten( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 d 级 -the sky is fallingRAZ Kids English分级阅读 d 级 -the sky is falling( 测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 d 级 -to the storeRAZ Kids English分级阅读 d 级 -to the store( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 d 级 -whatRAZ Kids English分级阅读 d 级 -what( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 e 级 -a week with grandpaRAZ Kids English分级阅读 e 级-a week with grandpa(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 e 级 -bear and kangarooRAZ Kids English分级阅读 e 级 -bear and kangaroo(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 e 级 -beark angarooRAZ Kids English分级阅读 e 级 -city animalsRAZ Kids English分级阅读 e 级 -city animals(测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 e 级 -city places( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 e 级 -city placesRAZ Kids English分级阅读 e 级 -hugsRAZ Kids English分级阅读 e 级 -hugs( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 e 级 -stormRAZ Kids English分级阅读 e 级 -storm( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 e 级 -time for bedRAZ Kids English分级阅读 e 级 -time for bed(测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 f 级-a clown faceRAZ Kids English分级阅读 f 级-a clown face(测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 f 级-glass blowingRAZ Kids English分级阅读 f 级-glass blowing(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 f 级-Josh gets classesRAZ Kids English分级阅读 f 级-Josh gets classes(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 f 级-our camping tripRAZ Kids English分级阅读 f 级-our camping trip(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 f 级-scaredy crowRAZ Kids English分级阅读 f 级-scaredy crow(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 f 级-the food chainRAZ Kids English分级阅读 f 级-the food chain( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 f 级-where is cubRAZ Kids English分级阅读 f 级-where is cub( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 g 级 -gordon finds his wayRAZ Kids English分级阅读 g 级 -gordon finds his way(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 g 级 -long ago and todayRAZ Kids English分级阅读 g 级 -long ago and today(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 g 级 -places people liveRAZ Kids English分级阅读 g 级 -places people live(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 g 级 -the chaseRAZ Kids English分级阅读 g 级 -the chase( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 g 级 -the food we eatRAZ Kids English分级阅读 g 级 -whose eggs are theseRAZ Kids English分级阅读 g 级 -the food we eat( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 g 级 -whose eggs are these( 测验)RAZ Kids English分级阅读 h 级 -animals animalsRAZ Kids English分级阅读 h 级 -animals animals( 测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 h 级 -friends around the world RAZ Kids English分级阅读 h 级 -friends around theworld( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 h 级-how the mice beat the men RAZ Kids English分级阅读 h 级 -how the mice beat themen( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 h 级 -I'd like to be( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 h 级 -I'd like to beRAZ Kids English分级阅读 h 级 -ships and boatsRAZ Kids English分级阅读 h 级 -ships and boats(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 h 级 -spring is hereRAZ Kids English分级阅读 h 级 -spring is here( 测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 i 级-birdsRAZ Kids English分级阅读 i 级-birds( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 i 级 -childhood stories of George WashingtonRAZ Kids English分级阅读 i 级 -childhood stories of George Washington( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 i 级-healthy meRAZ Kids English分级阅读 i 级-healthy me( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 i 级-hippo's toothacheRAZ Kids English分级阅读 i 级-hippo's toothache( 测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 i 级-life at the pondRAZ Kids English分级阅读 i 级-life at the pond(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 i 级-why robins hopRAZ Kids English分级阅读 i 级-why robins hop(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 j 级-animal skeletonsRAZ Kids English分级阅读 j 级-animal skeletons( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 j 级-changesRAZ Kids English分级阅读 j 级-changes( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 j 级-firefightersRAZ Kids English分级阅读 j 级-firefighters( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 j 级-leopard ram and jackalRAZ Kids English分级阅读 j 级-leopard ram and jackal(测验)RAZ Kids English分级阅读 J 级 -ocean animalsRAZ Kids English分级阅读 J 级 -ocean animals( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 j 级-riding with rosa parksRAZ Kids English分级阅读 j 级 -riding with rosa parks(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 j 级-where we get energyRAZ Kids English分级阅读 k 级 -anna and the magic coat RAZ Kids English分级阅读 j 级-where we get energy(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 k 级 -anna and the magiccoat( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 k 级 -how zebras got theirstripesRAZ Kids English分级阅读 k 级 -how zebras got theirstripes( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 k 级 -leapRAZ Kids English分级阅读 k 级 -leap( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 k 级 -ratty rats( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 k 级 -ratty ratsRAZ Kids English分级阅读 k 级 -slithery and slimyRAZ Kids English分级阅读 k 级 -slithery and slimy( 测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 k 级 -strange plantsRAZ Kids English分级阅读 k 级 -strange plants(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 l 级-ancient egyptRAZ Kids English分级阅读 l 级-ancient egypt( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 l 级-crocs and catorsRAZ Kids English分级阅读 l 级-crocs and cators(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 l 级-insect life cycleRAZ Kids English分级阅读 l 级-insect life cycle(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 l 级-jessica loves soccerRAZ Kids English分级阅读 l 级-jessica loves soccer( 测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 l 级-sign language and handtalkRAZ Kids English分级阅读 l 级-sign language and handtalk( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 l 级-smelly clydeRAZ Kids English分级阅读 l 级-smelly clyde( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 m 级-aesop's fablesRAZ Kids English分级阅读 m 级-aesop's fables(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 m 级-art around us(测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 m 级-art around usRAZ Kids English分级阅读 m 级-keb needs a homeRAZ Kids English分级阅读 m 级-keb needs a home( 测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 m 级-marcus loses patchesRAZ Kids English分级阅读 m 级-marcus loses patches(测验)RAZ Kids English分级阅读 m 级-mighty glaciersRAZ Kids English分级阅读 m 级-mighty glaciers(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 m 级-the story of jeansRAZ Kids English分级阅读 m 级-the story of jeans( 测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 n 级 -buffalo huntRAZ Kids English分级阅读 n 级 -buffalo hunt( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 n 级 -coral reefsRAZ Kids English分级阅读 n 级 -coral reefs( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 n 级 -foods around the worldRAZ Kids English分级阅读 n 级 -foods around the world(测验)RAZ Kids English分级阅读 n 级 -making riceRAZ Kids English分级阅读 n 级 -making rice( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 n 级 -pupets( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 n 级 -puppetsRAZ Kids English分级阅读 n 级 -totem polesRAZ Kids English分级阅读 n 级 -totem poles( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 o 级 -anansi and the talking watermelonRAZ Kids English分级阅读 o 级 -anansi and the talking watermelon( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 o 级 -batsRAZ Kids English分级阅读 o 级 -bats( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 o 级 -jenny loves yogaRAZ Kids English分级阅读 o 级 -jenny loves yoga(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 o 级 -sally rideRAZ Kids English分级阅读 o 级 -sally ride( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 o 级 -the beekeeperRAZ Kids English分级阅读 o 级 -the beekeeper( 测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 o 级 -whalesRAZ Kids English分级阅读 o 级 -whales( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 p 级 -a golden tragedyRAZ Kids English分级阅读 p 级 -a golden tragedy(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 p 级 -breeds of dogsRAZ Kids English分级阅读 p 级 -breeds of dogs(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 p 级 -magnetismRAZ Kids English分级阅读 p 级 -magnetism( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 p 级 -manateesRAZ Kids English分级阅读 p 级 -manatees( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 p 级 -musical instrumentsRAZ Kids English分级阅读 p 级 -musical instruments(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 p 级 -seals sea lions and walrusesRAZ Kids English分级阅读 p 级 -seals sea lions and walruses( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 q 级 -chinaRAZ Kids English分级阅读 q 级 -china( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 q 级 -plight of the polar bearRAZ Kids English分级阅读 q 级 -plight of the polar bear(测验)RAZ Kids English分级阅读 q 级 -sharks( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 q 级 -sharksRAZ Kids English分级阅读 q 级 -sweet potato challengeRAZ Kids English分级阅读 q 级 -sweet potato challenge(测验)RAZ Kids English分级阅读 r 级-bessie colemanRAZ Kids English分级阅读 r 级-bessie coleman( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 r 级-inventionsRAZ Kids English分级阅读 r 级-inventions( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 r 级-robin stole fireRAZ Kids English分级阅读 r 级-robin stole fire(测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 r 级-storm chasers(测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 r 级-storm chasersRAZ Kids English分级阅读 r 级-we're in businessRAZ Kids English分级阅读 r 级-we're in business(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 s 级 -bites & stingsRAZ Kids English分级阅读 s 级 -bites & stings(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 s 级 -harriet tubmanRAZ Kids English分级阅读 s 级 -harriet tubman(测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 s 级 -the trouble with englishRAZ Kids English分级阅读 s 级 -the trouble with english(测验)RAZ Kids English分级阅读 s 级 -what's in a nameRAZ Kids English分级阅读 s 级 -what's in a name(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 t 级-holidaysRAZ Kids English分级阅读 t 级-holidays( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 t 级-lance armstrongRAZ Kids English分级阅读 t 级-lance armstrong(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 t 级-the titanicRAZ Kids English分级阅读 t 级-the titanic( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 t 级-T-shirtRAZ Kids English分级阅读 t 级-T-shirt( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 u 级 -musclesRAZ Kids English分级阅读 u 级 -muscles( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 u 级 -the great gallardo's books RAZ Kids English分级阅读 u 级 -the great gallardo'sbooks( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 u 级 -the world of nascarRAZ Kids English分级阅读 u 级 -the world of nascar(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 v 级 -carsRAZ Kids English分级阅读 v 级 -cars( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 v 级 -catching airRAZ Kids English分级阅读 v 级 -catching air( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 v 级 -female sports starsRAZ Kids English分级阅读 v 级 -female sports stars(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 v 级 -robotsRAZ Kids English分级阅读 v 级 -robots( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 v 级 -the internetRAZ Kids English分级阅读 v 级 -the internet( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 w 级 -energy sourcesRAZ Kids English分级阅读 w 级 -energy sources( 测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 w 级 -hurricanesRAZ Kids English分级阅读 w 级 -hurricanes(测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 w 级 -joe kittingerRAZ Kids English分级阅读 w 级 -joe kittinger(测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 w 级 -mcrobesRAZ Kids English分级阅读 w 级 -microbes(测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 w 级 -mysteries of flightRAZ Kids English分级阅读 w 级 -mysteries of flight(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 x 级 -body artRAZ Kids English分级阅读 x 级 -body art( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 x 级 -forensics 1RAZ Kids English分级阅读 x 级 -forensics 1(测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 x 级 -forensics 2RAZ Kids English分级阅读 x 级 -forensics 2(测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 x 级-histiric peacemakers(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 x 级 -in FLUenzaRAZ Kids English分级阅读 x 级 -in FLUenza(测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 x 级 -money in the usaRAZ Kids English分级阅读 x 级 -money in the usa(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 x 级 -threats to our atmosphere RAZ Kids English分级阅读 x 级 -threats to ouratmosphere( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 x 级 -what makes youRAZ Kids English分级阅读 x 级 -what makes you( 测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 y 级 -american sports legends RAZ Kids English分级阅读 y 级 -american sportslegends( 测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 y 级 -believe it or notRAZ Kids English分级阅读 y 级 -believe it or not(测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 y 级 -special effectsRAZ Kids English分级阅读 y 级 -special effects(测试 )RAZ Kids English分级阅读 y 级 -the art of photographyRAZ Kids English分级阅读 y 级 -the art of photography(测验)RAZ Kids English分级阅读 y 级 -the life of cesar chavezRAZ Kids English分级阅读 y 级 -the life of cesar chavez(测验)RAZ Kids English分级阅读 z 级 -histiric peacemakersRAZ Kids English分级阅读 z 级-histiric peacemakers( 测试 ) RAZ Kids English分级阅读 z 级 -satellites。

别只让孩子被动跟读！学会运用Raz自然拼读技巧，实现自主阅读Raz分级阅读绘本《RoadTrip》

别只让孩⼦被动跟读！学会运⽤Raz⾃然拼读技巧，实现⾃主阅读Raz分级阅读绘本《RoadTrip》今天我们来讲《Road Trip》，这本书是本Level C，也就是美国⼩学⼀年级的书。

这个级别的书往往让孩⼦开始接触简单的句式，并且通过不同场景但是重复的句式，让孩⼦加深印象。

本书中⼀个核⼼单词: yawn如果孩⼦之前没有接触过这个单词，先不⽤教他这个单词的发⾳和含义, 也不要⽴即播放⽰范⾳频。

⾃然拼读我们先让孩⼦尝试运⽤⾃⼰学过的⾃然拼读规则拼读出这个单词。

⾸先孩⼦要能辨别出这个单词有⼏个发⾳？这个单词是标准的CVC形式，也就是辅⾳-元⾳-辅⾳。

⾸尾两个辅⾳很好辨别吧？分别是y，n。

Raz中经常有这样辨别⾸位发⾳的练习:还记得这两个辅⾳的发⾳？如果孩⼦忘了，可以提醒他们包含这些发⾳的⽽且孩⼦熟悉的单词来回忆。

例如Y，可以让孩⼦回忆Yes的发⾳，Yes也是个CVC单词，让孩⼦拆解出Yes的3个发⾳/y//e/ /s/ ，这样就能回忆起⾸⾳y的发⾳了。

其他Y开头的单词也可以，例如Yam，Yard，Yellow都⾏。

N的发⾳可以通过fan来回忆，同样⽅式练习拼读 /f/ /a/ /n/如果对上⾯的blending拼读练习不熟悉，可以参考我的《Raz⾃然拼读迷你课程》。

CVC单词是⾃然拼读的起步，熟练辨别，拆解单词的⾳素，再组合拼读也是⾃然拼读的练习⽅式。

回到我们今天的新单词上，yawn 稍微特殊的地⽅就是中间的元⾳是个双元⾳Voweldigraphs。

在《10分钟⼀⼝⽓学完英语所有的44种发⾳》中我们提到过：双元⾳Vowel digraphs就是两个元⾳字母的组合或者⼀个元⾳字母⼀个辅⾳字母组合，但只发⼀个单⾳。

这⾥aw就是个双元⾳Vowel digraphs.Raz⾃然拼读绘本中有专门讲这个双元⾳的⼀本书，如果孩⼦看过，那么就肯定能知道这个单词发⾳了。

如果没有读过也不要紧，我们仍然可以通过熟悉的单词的⽅式找到这个⾳。

Unit 11 Shap(教学设计)-2024-2025学年沪教牛津版(深圳用)英语四年级上册

Unit 11 Shapes第三课时教学设计一、语篇研读What：本节课选自牛津深圳版英语四年级上册Module 4 Unit 11 Shapes，本部分阅读故事，通过吃饼干的情景谈论喜欢的饼干的形状，同时指导学生复习巩固元音字母的发音，同时养成良好的阅读习惯。

设置故事情景为日常生活常见，易于理解且学生感兴趣，对学生的良好的阅读习惯的养成有积极的作用。

Why:该语篇旨在引导学生阅读故事，并复习掌握元音字母的发音，并能在故事阅读中通过听力，阅读等养成良好的阅读习惯。

该话题对学生的价值观渗透和习惯的养成都具有极大的挖掘意义，同时可以在活动过程中，激励他们更加热爱学习，热爱生活，同时培养学生的高尚品质。

How: 本语篇吃饼干的情景，呈现了本课有关形状的词汇和提问数量的句型How many … are there? 复习元音字母发音的活动，培养学生学习英语的兴趣，养成良好的学习习惯和形成有效的学习策略，培养学生综合运用英语的能力。

二、教学目标通过本课学习，学生能够：1. 能够通过听读篇章发音，观察例词结构中共有的特征，复习巩固元音字母在开音节，闭音节的发音规则；能够根据的发音规则读出生词。

（学习理解）2. 在教师和同伴的帮助下，自主拼读相关单词，并会对其中的语言、行为以及同伴的表现进行多角度评价；（应用实践）3. 能理解故事情节和内容。

接触、理解语言，体验语言在实际中的运用，享受语言带来的乐趣。

并对自己以及同伴的表现作出评价。

（迁移创新）完成本课时目标所需要的语音目标如下：a—/eɪ/, /æ/;e—/i:/, /e/;i—/aɪ/, /ɪ/;o—/əʊ/; /ɒ/;u—/ju:/, /ʌ/..三、教学重难点1. 能够通过听读例词发音，观察例词结构中共有的特征，复习练习元音字母在开音节和闭音节中的发音规则, 能够根据发音规则读出单词。

2. 理解故事情节和内容，熟练朗读故事并复述故事情节。

四、教学过程。