雅思强化写作精讲班第7讲讲义-复杂句的六种内在关系
雅思写作逻辑关系词用法总结
雅思写作逻辑关系词用法总结写作是雅思考试的重要组成部分之一，掌握使用适当的逻辑关系词能够使文章结构更加清晰有序，逻辑关系更加紧密。
本文将总结一些常用的雅思写作逻辑关系词及其用法。
1. 表示因果关系的逻辑关系词因果关系是写作中常用的一种逻辑关系，以下是一些常用的表示因果关系的逻辑关系词。
首先，表示因果关系的逻辑关系词有"because"，"since"，"as"，"due to"等。
例如："Because of the heavy rain, I couldn't go to the party."（因为下大雨，我无法去参加派对。
）此外，也可以使用"so"，"thus"，"therefore"等逻辑关系词表示结果。
例如："He didn't study for the test, so he failed."（他没有为考试复习，所以他失败了。
）2. 表示递进关系的逻辑关系词递进关系是指一个观点或事实进一步加强了之前的观点或事实。
以下是一些常用的表示递进关系的逻辑关系词。
首先是"moreover"，"furthermore"，"in addition"等。
例如："Moreover, the study also showed that regular exercise can improve mental health."（此外，这项研究还表明定期运动可以改善心理健康。
）另外，可以使用"not only... but also"这一结构来表达递进关系。
例如："Not only does he speak English fluently, but he also speaks French."（他不仅英语讲得流利，还会说法语。
雅思写作强化班总结课幻灯片
1.As to China,the steel production in this country was almost as large as that in America,3000 tons every day in 1990. 2.In addition,the forecast is for water supply to continue to increase in the next three years.
表示“占”的表达方式
be make up account for The number of the unemployed was 10% of the population. Women made up a significant percentage of the workforce.
Fossil fuel emissions accounted for 76% of the greenhouse gases.
fluctuated around
Task 1六要素
方向要素
描述趋势词汇的掌握
Fluctuation
phrase
It fluctuated 1.from...to.../during...and... 2.within a (large/small) range of ... 3...,reaching a peak at (statistics)in(year) and bottoming out at(statistics)in (year)
表比较与对照
类比
趣味式说明
on the other hand/while/ in contrast/ on the contrary/conversely
雅思写作必备6类逻辑关系词
雅思写作必备 6类逻辑关系词英文单词是英语语言的基础。
雅思考试，综合考察了考生们的听说读书四个方面的能力。
当然在听说读写四个部分，都有考察同学们的词汇。
而在雅思考试中的四个部分中，写作部分读词汇的要求是最高的。
想要写好雅思作文，是离不开逻辑连贯词的。
下面是小编为您收集整理的6类逻辑关系词，供大家参考!雅思写作必备--6类逻辑关系词1.转折关系词常见的表转折关系的单词及短语有：In contrast, by contrast, on the contrary, despite the fact that, in spite of,However, otherwise, nevertheless, instead, notwithstanding,But, yet, although, even though, though等。
2.因果关系词常见的表示因果关系的单词及短语：because of, owing to, due to, thanks to, because, since, for, as, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, accordingly,As a result, as a consequence, So等。
3.递进关系词常见的表示递进关系的单词及短语：besides, in addition, additionally, furthermore, moreover,also等。
4.强调关系词常见的表示强调关系的单词及短语：in particular, in this case, actually, of course, indeed, most important, certainly, in fact, obviously, clearly, surely等。
5.比较关系词常见的表示比较关系的单词及短语：In comparison, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, identically等。
雅思7分写作讲义
雅思7分写作讲义雅思考试写作金牌教程（6-7.5分）教学方案第一次课一、教学目标：雅思写作概述、基本构成、雅思写作考试与其他考试的类比二、课时陈述：第一次课，2.5小时三、教学重点：议论文体和报告文体的题型四、教学难点：雅思评分标准与其他考试评分标准的异同五、教学亮点：雅思考官阅卷的潜规则六、课堂结构：1、雅思考试介绍2、雅思考试评分标准3、雅思写作话题介绍4、雅思写作题型介绍5、中英两国写作对比 1、雅思考试介绍雅思写作的量分 task1 占三分之一，而task2占三分之二。
Task 1 （以下简称小作文）题型：LINE PIE BAR TABLE DIAGRAM MAP MIXEDTask 2 (以下简称大作文)题型：argumentation report2、雅思考试评分标准孙武子说“知己知彼，百战百胜”.为了更好的对付雅思写作考试，我们起先要了解它的具体评分准则。
Task Response and FulfillmentCoherence and CohesionLexical resourcesGrammatical Range and AccuracyBand 7—good userHas operational command of the language, though with occasional inaccuracies, inappropriacies and misunderstandings in some situations. Generally handles complex language well and understands detailed reasoning.具体要求：Task response: whether all parts of the task are addressed; whether a viewpoint is clearly expressed, developed and supported.Coherence and cohesion: whether the response has a suitable layout and logical ordering of points; correct and appropriate use of connectives. Lexical resources: range and accuracy of vocabulary; the examiner will check the correct forms and the spelling of words used.Grammatical range and accuracy: the range and accuracy of tenses and sentence structures.Task response or fulfillment （完整性）一篇文章必须有一定的架构，议论文通常由“内三合，外三合”所构成。
雅思写作中的句子结构和表达方式
雅思写作中的句子结构和表达方式在雅思写作中，句子结构和表达方式是非常重要的，它们直接影响着文章的质量和得分。
本文将介绍一些常用的句子结构和表达方式，帮助考生提高写作技巧。
一、使用复合句复合句是指由两个或多个简单句组成的句子，其中包含一个主句和一个或多个从句。
使用复合句可以增加句子的复杂性和信息量，使文章更有逻辑性和连贯性。
例如：1. 定语从句：这是一个修饰名词或代词的从句，常用来描述人或物的特征。
例如：The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.（我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
）2. 状语从句：这是一个修饰动词、形容词或副词的从句，常用来表达条件、原因、目的等。
例如：If you study hard, you will pass the exam.（如果你努力学习，你会通过考试。
）3. 结果状语从句：这是一个表达结果的从句，常常与连词so、such、therefore等连用。
例如：She studied hard, so she got good grades.（她努力学习，所以成绩很好。
）二、使用连接词和过渡词在写作中，使用适当的连接词和过渡词可以使句子之间有更好的衔接和过渡，增强文章的连贯性和流畅性。
一些常用的连接词包括but、and、or、so、however、therefore等；一些常用的过渡词包括firstly、secondly、finally、in addition、furthermore等。
例如：1. 递进关系：in addition（此外）、furthermore（而且）、moreover （而且）、besides（此外）2. 转折关系：however（然而）、but（但是）、yet（然而）、although（尽管）3. 因果关系：because（因为）、since（既然）、as a result（结果）、therefore（因此）三、使用丰富的词汇和表达方式在雅思写作中，词汇的丰富性是评分的重要因素之一。
雅思写作大作文专用讲义
第一讲雅思写作考试对中国考生的四个难点(Chapter 1: The Four Hurdles in IELTS Writing Test)难点一: Academic Writing 学术类写作问题的特殊要求(改错练习) 1. Since private companies don't care much about the public interests, so the government has a significant role to play in scientific research. (不能缩写)2. Why these travellers damage the environment should be analyzed. (英式美式拼法不能混用)3. We must do our best(utmost) to protect (preserve) animals. (词汇用法太嫩)4. It is clear (manifest) that pornographic shows do harm to (undermine, endanger, jeopardy) the lives of lots of youngster (adolescent).词汇,专有特定的修饰5. Nowadays (In present-day society), human beings face big challenges in many areas.6. In these day and age, many companies have replaced telephone with internet.7. We are confronted with many environmental problems. They are becoming more and more serious. (句式,语法)8. The traffic problem is becoming worse. We must work together to solve it.(句子结构)9. So individuals, communities and the government all must work hard tofight crime! (不应该带感情色彩)10. We must be friendly to other because the Bible said, "Treat your neighbors as you would like to be treated." (文化背景,圣经不可用)难点二: No specific topic pool. 题库大,没有公开,而且题目变化多.对策:掌握思考素材的四种方法对策: 雅思写作"语法的七宗罪"改错练习1. Employee can benefit more from telecommuting than employee. (n.可数不可数)2.1 Work at home using modern technology can greatly enhance our efficiency. (v.原型不可做主语)2.2 Children who are raise in impoverished families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years. (被动语态)Poor children can face problems when they grow up.2.3 The problems that are created by environmental contamination is very hard to resolve. (主谓一致)2.4 In present-day society, cultures were becoming very similar. (时态)3. Intelligent students should not be treated different by their teachers. 副词4.1 Countries should pay attention on the disadvantages globalization may create. 介词4.2 The Internet has instead of teachers in many classrooms.5. Some parents do not obey traffic rules himself.6. These old buildings should be destroyed, new buildings must be constructed. 逗号7. These are a great many children think the main purpose of education should be to afford them pleasure and enjoyment.补充材料IELTS 作文复杂句的七种内部关系(Seven possible relationships Underlying a complex sentence)Cause and effect因果关系标志词1)表示原因的because, as, since, due to, owing to (画横线的连接词请重点掌握)2)表示结果的hence(因此),thus(因此),therefore(因此),As a consequence,…(作为结果)Accordingly…(相应的),As a result…(作为结果)Consequently…(作为结果) so…that…(如此…以致…)E.g. The ecological problems are being aggravated. Hence, it is imperative that we take measures to curb the pollution of the environment. 生态系统正在急剧的恶化,因此,我们必须采取严厉的措施遏制对环境的污染.Exemplification 举例关系标志词…is a case in point.(某人或某事是一个恰当的例子.)Take…for example.(以…为例) for instance. (比如…) To Illustrate…(例如…) As an illustration…(作为例证…)e.g. The Asian countries are getting westernized at a staggering rate. TakeChina for example, when youngsters go to the movies, it is standard practice for them to choose Hollywood blockbuster over domestic films. 亚洲国家正以一种惊人的速度变得西方化,以中国为例,当年轻人去电影院的时候,通常都会选择好莱坞大片而不是中国电影. Comparison and contrast 对比关系标志词While …,whereas…,whilst…,in contraste.g. Whereas/ while modern man is so rushed and so stressed, our ancestors could oftenperform their business in a relaxed manner.(对比)现代人的生活是如此的奔忙与紧X,而我们的祖先却可以不慌不忙的从事他们的事务.e.g. The educational and medical facilities in big cities are mostly very advanced. In contrast, their counterparts in the country tend to be of inferior quality.Concession 让步关系标志词Despite /in spite of …(后面只能跟名词名词词组或者动名词)(尽管有…),albeit…(尽管,后面只能跟形容词或者介词短语), 形容词+as it may be…(尽管,前面只能加形容词),Nonetheless/Nevertheless,(尽管如此)e.g. 1 Tough as it may be to get accustomed to a new culture, it will prove very rewarding.尽管适应新的文化可能很难,但这会被证明是很值得的.2 Rote Learning is at times necessary, albeit monotonous.死记硬背有时候是必要的,尽管很枯燥和机械.3The government plays a crucial role in scientific research, Nonetheless, private companies hold certain advantages in conducting scientific research.Definition 下定义关系标志词A is best characterized by…( A 最明显的特征是…),A constitutes…(A 构成…) A means…, A consists of …(A 由…组成).e.g. A fine journalist is best characterized by discipline, determination and keen observations.一个好的记者最重要的特点是自律,毅力和敏锐的观察.Animal experimentation, in some cases, constitutes callous abuse of test animals.Supposition假设论证, 标志词provided that…(如果) given the choice…(如果可以选择的话…)only if…(只有…)as long as…(只要) if…, suppose that…e.g. Provided that we can minimize the pain of test animals, animal experimentation should be continued.e.g. Given the choice, many people would live in big cities rather than the countryside.Modification 修饰关系标志词that, which, whoIn this day age, we have a proliferation of buildings that look exactly likethe buildings our ancestors built.Today, teenage students are under increasingly severe stress in their studies, which has disturbed and alarmed many adults.补充资料IELTS 写作考试的常用模板和句型进步类1) In contemporary society, the human race is advancing at an unprecedented rate in a multitude of arenas.=in many fields. 在当今社会,人类正以前所未有的速度在很多领域向前发展.2) Today we have embarked upon the …era. 今天,我们已经进入了…的时代.We have embarked on the information era. –he has embarked on the road of committing crimes.3) Since the advent/arrival of the…era… 随着…时代的到来…例句:Since the advent of the information era, our efficiency at work has been greatly enhanced.随着信息时代的到来,我们的工作效率得到了很大的提高.例句 2 With the advent of the information era, school education has undergone profound changes at an accelerated rate.倒退类4) But A is accompanied by B 但是伴随着…(某种好现象)的到来,某种坏现象也出现了.例句:But the proliferation of English is accompanied by the extinction of many lesser-known languages.但是随着英语的广泛传播的是大量小语种的消亡.5) Accompanying all the advantages brought about by the profound social changes have come some sufferings; and …is very prominent among them. 随着深刻的社会变革带来的种种好处,出现了很多问题,…是其中很显著的一个.Please analyze causes of traffic congestion, and give some solutions. Accompanying all the conveniences brought about by violent social changes have come some negative effects, and traffic congestion is the most pressing one / the most serious one.6) With the incidence(发生率) of …hovering at high levels, many have become disturbed and alarmed. …的发生率居高不下,这引起了很多人的困扰和警觉.Traffic offenses have become a problem confronting modern people, please give some suggestions of how to deal with it effectively.With the incidence of traffic accidents hovering at high level, many people, especially sociologist and anthropologist, have shown great concern.7) In this day a nd age, it is standard practice for … to do something. 今天,某些人做某事是很普遍的.例句:In this day and age, it is standard practice for parents to rush around all day busying themselves with their work. Many of them cannot spare some time to take care of their children,which has led to some serious social consequences. This essay will make some analysis concerning this phenomenon.8) Such a grave situation merits our careful attention.这样一个严重的情况值得我们关注.Juvenile delinquency is an issue/topic worth our concern / discussion / analysis.Efforts will be made to analyze this topic in this essay.9) The issue of … has been thrown into sharp focus. …引起了人们的强烈关注.例句:Soaring car ownership has thrown the issue of car accidents into public attention / widespread concern.10) Howev er, there is no consensus on …yet. 或者people hold divergent /contrasting/conflicting view on… 或者people are divided over… 不同的人关于某个问题持不同的看法.例句:People hold contrasting views on animal experiments.人们对动物试验持不同的看法.Some people hold that the experimentation on animals is justified. However, others believe that this practice is a reflection of cruelty. From my perspective, it is advantageous to some degree whilst its drawbacks can never be overlooked. / As for some experiments, animals are irreplaceable subjects but I think we should be kind as possible as we can when carrying out these experiments. /I think this practice is to some extent cruel and unjust to animals but at least in the near future we cannotget rid of it completely.11) Something has been growing at an alarming/ staggering rate. 某事物正在以令人震惊的速度增长.例句:With the car ownership soaring in China, traffic accidents have been growing at an alarming/staggering rate. Accompanied by the dramatic development of society, women crimes have been growing at an alarming rate. Such a grave situation has aroused widespread concern, especially sociologist and educationists. In essay attempts will be made to explore the causes of this issue and provide some feasible solutions.12) Whether…has triggered /aroused heated debate / discussion.是否应该…引起了激烈的辩论Whether… is an issue open to debate 或者Whether…is a controversial issue. 例句:Whether student should appraise their teachers' performance is an issue open to debate.是否学生应该评价老师的教学是一个没有定论的问题.13) Some (people) assert/ argue/hold/maintain/claim/assume that… 有一些人认为…例句:Some people assert that relocating large companies to the countryside is the best way to resolve the traffic and housing problems in cities. 一些人认为把大公司搬到乡村是解决城市交通和住房的最好方法.14) …is largely fuelled by...某现象主要是被…所推动.例句:The proliferation of plastic bag is largely fuelled by the pursuit for lowercosts.IELTS 议论文主体段写作加分37句型前进类1 profit fromPeople throughout the world can profit from the advancement in motorized flight.Flight to transport fruits to places where there is no such fruits or not in season.Mobile phones can bring about some drawbacks such diseases. Whether we should avoid using mobile phones.People throughout the world / in every corner of the world can profit from the advancement of information technology. Nowadays we can keep in touch with each other and communicate with our friends or clients quickly by means of mobiles phones. However, some research reveals that mobile phone may cause some medical complaints and thus it is suggested that we should cease using them. In my viewpoint, the advantages of mobile phones outweigh the disadvantages.2 A is an integral /indispensable part of BAdvertising has become an indispensable part of our lives and it has been exerting profound influence on the way we live, work, play and learn.3,S omething plays a pivotal /key role in …It is universally acknowledged that education plays a pivotal role in individual success.4, Enable /allow somebody to do somethingCultural assimilation enables newly-arrived immigrants to get ahead in the new societysuccessfully.5get accustomed to do something/adjust to /adapt toNew immigrants must get accustomed to the local culture to succeed.6Someone can have access to something 或者can access something 或者can utilize somethingIn this day and age, many individuals can have access to the Internet via /by means of computer or mobile phone.倒退类1…is attended by /…is accompanied byThe staggering advancement of technology is attended by severe pollution of the ecosystem.2The more…the more…The more vehicles on the road, the more traffic congestions to occur.3A can be attributed to B 或者B stems from AThe proliferation of traffic accidents can be in large measure attributed to the traffic law not being stringent enough.4be afflicted with/be plagued withIn present-day society, a host of countries are afflicted with chronic poverty.5deprive someone of somethingModern cities deprive city-dweller of fresh air and the comfortable pace of life.6something prompt/impe ls somebody to do…Peer pressure often impels youngster to spend excessively on fancy clothes and accessories.7A has rendered B + adj./noun 形容词或名词We must ensure that technological innovations will not render us slaves to high technology. 其中We must ensure that..意思是我们必须确保…我们必须确保科技创新不会让我们变成高科技的奴隶.The fast-paced way of life has rendered many people alienated from one another.With the acceleration of living tempo, modern people are confronted with many physical and psychological problems. Among them, stress is the most prominent one. This has brought about numerous negative social consequences and aroused widespread concern especially among psychiatrists and sociologist. This essay focuses on exploring the causes and providing some ways to relieve stress.快节奏的生活让很多人彼此疏远.8A recent study conducted by the organization / association / institution /union / scientist reveal that…如果是教育问题用UNESCO如果是犯罪问题可以用the Ministry of Justice 交通问题可以用the Ministry of Transportation 建筑问题可以用the Ministry of Construction 环境问题可以HSUS and GreenpeaceA recent study conducted by HSUS and Greenpeace suggested that there were over one million mammals in lab cages today.9 be addicted to /preoccupied with somethingIn present-day society, many individuals are addicted to /preoccupied with various forms of gambling.10 something is the chief culprit in 或者something is the root cause of …The population explosion is the chief culprit in water scarcity.11be confronted with somethingIn contemporary society, we are confronted with a large number of violent and pornographic TV shows.12 present/pose a threat to…In contemporary society, the proliferation of non-biodegradable rubbish poses a grave threat to humanity.13 be awash with/be inundated with somethingThe media are be awash with/be inundated with detailed crime coverage.14 if…something will ensueIf parents neglect their offspring, lack of discipline and respect will ensue. 15With the incidence of … hovering at high levels, many have become disturbed and alarmed.With the incidence of driving offenses hovering at high levels, many have become disturbed and alarmed.16something is unwarranted /unjustifiableExperimenting upon lab animals without trying to alleviate their pain is unwarranted/unjustifiable.中间类1…on the grounds that…Some others oppose to animal experimentation on the grounds that it is inhumane.2 exert beneficial/ baneful/ profound influence on somethingIn this day and age, globalization is exerting profound impact on the way we work, live,play and learn.3 A prevail over / outweigh/ outbalance BThe advantages of imposing stiffer punishment on driving offender prevail over the disadvantages.4 A bring about/ generate/ breed/ engender/ spawn /induce B. Technological innovations have brought about profound changes to the political, economical and cultural arenas.5 A is a key determinant of BIn an individual's career, tenacity is a key determinant of success.6 It is manifest that …或者It is universally acknowledge that…It is manifest that globalization can also engender a host of banes to the lives of people in the third-world countries.解决类1 give priority to somethingThe government should give priority to the optimization of its financial resources.2 dedicated A to BThe government should dedicate more money to the alleviation of chronic poverty.3 be likely to fall prey to / be vulnerable toWithout proper parental guidance, children are very vulnerable to the violent or pornographic content on TV shows.4 something should be condemned rather than condoned(押尾韵) Indiscriminate copying of traditional architectural style today should be condemned ratherthan condoned.5 it is imperative/ crucial/ key/ essential that… 或者something is of paramount/ overriding importance.To the newly-arrived immigrants, it is imperative that they adapt to the local culture immediately.6 abide by/ comply withIt is essential that government pass more stringent laws to compel drivers to abide by/ comply with the law.7 something requires/ necessit ates /call for…The grave ecological problem requires/ necessitates/ call for joint effort of all the nations on the globe.8 distinguish between A and BMany youngsters lack the capacity to distinguish between right and wrong.9 must ensure thatParents must ensure that they dedicate enough time and energy to their offspring.结尾段常用模板1) based on the above discussion, I am convinced that…(用于一边倒文章的结尾段)基于以上的讨论,我确信…2) In the final analysis, I concede that… However, ….On balance…(用于折衷式文章结尾段) 作为最后总结,我承认…但是…综合起来看… 3) The upside of something, outweighs its downside 或者the strengths of something,prevail over its weaknesses或者the pros of something outbalance its cons.某事利大于弊(如果弊大于利把顺序颠倒一下就可以了)IELTS 作文常用同义词人类the human race, humanity, man, humankind, Homo sapiens在当代in contemporary society, in present-day society, in this day and age解决(及物动词)tackle, address, resolve, combat破坏(及物动词)undermine, jeopardize, devastate(最后一个与其最强)影响(名词)impact, repercussions, ramifications, implications危险(名词)perils, hazards, dangers明显的(形容词)manifest, apparent, evident, obvious从事(及物动词)carry out, conduct, perform, go about积极的,好的beneficial, advantageous消极的,坏的baneful, detrimental好处-坏处benefits, blessings, boons—banes, pros—cons, advantages—disadvantages, merit—demerit无处不在的prevalent, pervasive大量的a host of, a multitude of, a vast number of (后面跟可数名词复数) a great deal of, a vast amount of(后面跟不可数名词单数)增进enhance代替improve 贫穷的impoverished代替poor保护preserve代替protect 富裕的affluent/wealthy代替rich污染contamination代替pollution 需要(及物动词)require, necessitate, call for第二讲十大全真版本X文,词汇与模板Education 类Some peoplethink students should be allowed to evaluate their teachers' job performance. Others believe that will lead to loss of respect and discipline. Discuss and give your own opinion.开头段(不少于4句)In this day and age, it is standard practice for business executive to fill out performance-evaluation forms to give their assessment of their subordinates' work. But when it comes to the evaluation of school teachers' job performance by their students, people hold divergent views. Some argue that students should be allowed to do so. Others contend that disrespect and indiscipline will ensue if students evaluate their teachers work. Personally, I believe both these two views have some merit.主体段1(不少于5句)Granted, there could be some possible drawbacks to students evaluating their teachers' work. First, if not well-managed, evaluation by the students may be completely worthless or even misleading. It is manifest that not all students would give their evaluation responsibly and some students may make mean comments. Secondly, some students criticize their teacher not because their teachers have a slack attitude about their job. Rather they do so because they dislike or even despise schooling.主体段2(不少于7句)However, encouraging students to evaluate their teacher can bring about more boons. In the first place, it is an effective means of motivating theteachers to improve their lectures.Teachers have to keep adjusting their teaching to measure up to the expectations of the student. In the second place, regular input affords the teacher objective and balanced ideas about their own performance. Without such feedback, it is hard for the teacher to have accurate assessment of their own teaching. In the third place, a measure of students' autonomy can make the student better prepared for their adult life. The student becomes better at decision-making and critical thinking.结尾段(不少于3句)In the final analysis, I concede that enabling the student to evaluate their teachers' performance might have some potential drawback. However, by averaging out student's appraisal and encourage them to evaluate responsibly can eliminate the downside of this practice. On balance, I am convinced that allowing students to evaluate their teachers is in the best interests of students, teachers, school administrators, and the society as a whole.教育类8分X文Children who grow up in families without large amounts of money are better prepared to deal with problems in their adult life than children who are brought up by wealthy parents. Do you agree or disagree题目点评:这道题目是IELTS writing task2当中比较少见的"看着容易写好太难"的题目(很多IELTS作文题目看起来很难,写好却不一定特别难).首先要注意到区别"families without large amounts of money" 和"poor families" 这两个概念的差异,前者不仅仅指"low-income families" 还包括"middle-income families", 所以题目的意思和一些同学概括的"穷人的孩子早当家不同";另外一个误区在于因为这道题目和中国的文化比较贴近,很多同学会举过多的简单生活事例但是忽略了推理,论证缺乏深度.从论点上看,考虑到多数考生更熟悉中国的国情,肯定是totally agree 更好写,布什的内阁里面现在也有拉洋板儿出生的(不过美国的富豪的孩子当中牛人还是出了不少,四十三位总统里面也有大量的富家子弟,从整体上看西方有钱的家长更舍得让自己的孩子经历风雨).既然观点写一边倒,那么结果当然就是五段式――开头段转述题目+主旨句,主体段1讲一般家庭的孩子比富家孩子有更强的心理承受能力,主体段2讲一般家庭的孩子有更强的独立性,主体段3讲普通家庭的家长对小孩的要求往往更严格,几位段总结上三层意思.Thesis statement 和topic sentences (X文里用横线标明) 关键词:income gaps 指收入差距income inequality 指收入不均intergenerational 两代人之间的turn the table 是个idiom, 有点像中文说的"打翻身仗" offspring 孩子counterpart 相对应的人(或事务) meritocratic society 说白了就是"凭本事吃饭的社会"self-restraint 自制能力infancy 婴儿期frugality 勤俭financial strains 说白了就是缺钱,名词well-off/affluent (adj)/ well-to-do/ well heeled/ wealthy 自己管理自己,名词initiative 主动性well-acquainted 对某事很熟悉,mitigate缓解,要说解决问题,雅思里面词汇也特多tackle/ address/ solve resolve grapple with /combat 再加题目里面的deal with,大家挑着用啦It is widely accepted that we have been living in a "the rich get richer whereas the poor get poorer" age in terms of income gaps within a generation. However, to this day, there has been no consensus yet over the extent to which income inequality is intergenerational. Some contend that the offspring of low-income and middle-income parents can largely grow up manifest better problem-solving abilities during adulthood than their high-income family counterparts thereby turning the table socially and financially. Personally, I believe this is generally the case in any meritocratic society. (Thesis statement) First and foremost, children raised in household not in possession of a good fortune are conditioned early on in their lives to exercise self-control and self-restraint. These individuals learn from their infancy onward that not everything they crave will become theirs instantaneously. Every so often their wishes go beyond their parents' means and they have to come to terms with the resulting sense of frustration or rejection. Throughout the childhood and early adulthood years they are tempered by the repeated experiences of parents' denial of their requests and frugality is inculcated into their minds as a virtue. Consequently these children, for the most part, are apt to interpret scrimping and saving, emotional uneasiness, not infrequent financialstrains and menial first jobs as an integral part of life rather than a devastating ordeal. Hence they end up being better able to manage stress in their adult years and less likely to panic or get daunted when problems occur.11Further, children brought up by parents of low or middle economic status often grow up to be physically, mentally and professionally more independent than children brought up by affluent parents. It goes without saying that children whose parents are not particularly well-off are more likely than children of affluent households to know how to get the most out of a modest allowance, if they ever get such a thing at all. To the former group of children most desirable things in life have to be "earned"—that is, more often than not they must put forth great effort before their desire is fulfilled. On the other hand, busy, low or medium salaried parents translate into more autonomy and initiative on the children's part. This originally disadvantaged group becomes spontaneous and handy through crafting toy on their own, resourceful by cooking their own meals, tactful with coaxing their parents into buying them gifts, intelligent thanks to the absence of private tutors, savvy in doing summer jobs, and above all, unrelenting in pursuing their dreams. Lastly, non-wealthy parents typically have higher and more definite aspiration for their children than well-to-do parents. Well-acquainted with all thedisadvantages a meager or fair-to-middling bank account generates, many non-wealthy parents pin their hopes on their children to get their families upwardly mobile. These adults mostly have high behavioral, educational and (subsequently) occupational expectations for their children. As a result, they cannot afford to be permissive parents. Spoiling their offspring rotten is the last thing they care to do and they are always ready to discipline their children when they misbehave. They keep tabs on their children's grades at school and do not spare the rod when their offspring do not measure up academically. The odds of children raised in such rigorous environments having good problem-solving skills are apparently better than children raised otherwise. To conclude, the chief determinant of individuals' problem-solving skills is not the amount of money their parents can amass when they are little. Rather, hands-on experience in comprehending, analyzing, resolving, mitigating or circumventing problems is more essential to the cultivation of problem-solving abilities. Hence, I am convinced that families without great wealth are more advantageous to the development of individual capacity to tackle problems.Education 类词汇Education:1) 培养(某种素质)cultivate/ foster/ nurture(vts)促进学生身心发展promote the student's physical, mental (或者用intellectual) andemotional development 心理健康psychological soundness/ well-being/ welfare(nouns) 学习能力(先天就有的)aptitude/ talent 学习能力(后天学习到的)ability/ skill 学生接受的学校教育(名词)schooling(noun) 儿童接受的家庭教育(名词)upbringing(noun) 给学生以动力give the students motivation to do something 或者motivate (vt) the student to do something 青少年adolescents/ youngsters/ youths2) 传授知识impart(vt)/inculcate(vt) knowledge 灌输高尚的道德观念instill(vt) high moral values (注以values 复数比试价值观) 给学生以灵感stimulate the students; thought 或者give the students inspiration 家长教育子女的方式(名词)parenting/ upbringing 教学法teaching methodology/ pedagogical methodology 适应(动词)adapt to do something/adjust oneself to do something/ become accustomed to do something 适应能力adaptability 学生对老师所教授的知识的掌握students' grasp/ command(nouns) of what has been taught 就业技能employable/ marketable skill 3) 限制创造力的发展extinguish(vt)/ stifle(vt)/ constrain(vt) creativity(noun) 打击学生的积极性dampen/sap(vts) the students' enthusiasm 或者frustrate the students 产生不不要的压力beget/ create undue pressure 塑造某人的性格mould(BrE,vt) one's character 责任感a sense of obligation 学生不应该只是被动的接收简单知识的容器student should not be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideas. 死记硬背learn thing by rote.4) 记忆方程式,公式,定理,定律memorize equations, formulas,theorems and laws(nouns) 应用apply (vt) 盲从follow something blindly/ indiscriminately(adv) 用填鸭式教学教育学生force-feed(vt) the students 为了记忆而记忆memorize for memorization' s own sake 5) 把学生分开教育(比如根据智力或者课堂上的表现) segregate(vt) students 来自于其他同学的压力peer pressure 逆境adverse circumstances /adversity 团队精神team spirit(noun) 独立思考: think independently(adv) 6) 在理解的基础上学习learn things through understanding 鼓励学生用辨证的眼光看问题encourage students to think critically(adv) 学生的反馈students' feedback 或者students' input 学生评价老师的教学students appraise / evaluate their teachers' performance7) 学生学习的各门功课加在一起curriculum(noun) 具体的一门课的内容syllabus 课外活动extra-curricular activity 学校是社会的缩影A school is society in miniature 不遵守纪律(名词)indiscipline/ misbehavior/ mischief (nouns) 不遵守纪律的(形容词)学生disruptive/ unruly students 8) 理论只是theoretical knowledge 通才generalist 专才specialist 全面发展的well-rounded /versatile 为社会健康发展做贡献contribute to societal well-being/ welfare (注意这里welfare不是"福利"的意思)9) 大学学科的分类可以分为:人文学科(包括文学,历史,语言学等)humanities 社会科学(包括政治,经济,社会学等)social sciences 艺术(包括音乐,雕塑等)arts 文科的总称也可以称为liberal arts 或者liberal studies 理科(包括物理,化学,生物等)sciences 工科(包括工程,自动化等)engineering 大学里的任何一个学科都可以叫做一个discipline 基础科学basic sciences 应用科学applied sciences 小学教育primary-level education 中学教育secondary-level education 大学教育tertiary-level education 职业教育vocational education/ training 青少年adolescents/ youngsters/ youthsEducation 类模板1 In this day and age, it is universally acknowledged that education is one of the key determinant of individual success. 众所周知,在当代教育是一个人成功的决定因素之一.2In contemporary society, education plays a pivotal role in individual development. 在当代社会,教育在个人发展中扮演着至关重要的角色.Technology & media 类科技类2/26 people today can perform the everyday tasks such as shopping, banking or even business transactions, without meeting others face-to-face. What effects will this phenomenon have on individuals and society as a whole开头段(不少于3+1句)The interactivity of the Internet and the mobile phone has enabled a multitude of people to purchase their desired items or pay their phone bills without stepping out of their offices or homes. And many others can even register for tests or sign contracts online. This。
六种语言逻辑关系
六种语言逻辑关系1. 递进关系在语言表达中，递进关系指的是后一个事实或观点与前一个事实或观点之间的递进或进一步强化的关系。
递进关系可以通过一系列方式来表达，如使用递进词、副词或短语。
其中，递进词包括”而且”、“另外”、“不仅如此”等，副词和短语包括”更加”、“甚至”、“此外”等。
例如：•他不仅是个优秀的演员，而且还是一位出色的编剧。
•这个项目不仅可以带来经济效益，而且还能提高员工的技能水平。
递进关系的使用可以使语言表达更加丰富，也可以用来增强观点的可信度。
递进关系的适当运用可以使论述更加连贯，增强文章的说服力。
2. 因果关系因果关系是语言表达中常用的逻辑关系之一，指的是某个事物或现象是由于另一个事物或现象所引起的结果。
因果关系可以通过使用因果连词或短语来表达，例如”因为”、“由于”、“所以”、“因此”等。
例如：•由于天气炎热，所以我决定去海边度假。
•他努力学习，因此获得了优秀的成绩。
因果关系的运用可以使文章的逻辑更加清晰，帮助读者更好地理解作者的观点和论证过程。
合理和准确地使用因果关系可以提高文章的说服力，并使逻辑推理更加严密。
3. 对比关系对比关系在语言表达中用于强调两个或多个事物之间的差异或相似之处。
对比关系可以通过使用对比连词或短语来表达，如”与……相比”、“然而”、“但是”等。
例如：•与城市相比，农村更加宁静。
•他很聪明，然而缺乏经验。
对比关系的运用可以使文章更加有层次感，凸显不同事物之间的差异。
适当地使用对比关系可以使文章更具说服力，并更好地展现作者的观点。
4. 并列关系并列关系指的是两个或多个事物或观点在某个层面上是平行或等级关系。
并列关系可以通过使用并列连词或短语来表达，如”而且”、“和”、“与……一样”等。
例如：•她喜欢音乐，而且也喜欢跳舞。
•你可以选择学习法语、德语或者西班牙语。
并列关系的使用可以使语言表达更加简洁、明确，同时也可以使文章的结构更加清晰。
适当地运用并列关系可以帮助读者更好地理解和记忆文章的内容。
雅思写作7.0课程讲义
2010年冲刺班雅思A类写作讲义主讲：刘巍巍第一讲雅思高分写作思路总览雅思写作高分：7分或7分以上第一节的内容：1．雅思写作的整体介绍2．高分写作的要求3．解决问题的方案4．课程的总览一．雅思写作的整体介绍 General Introduction听力、阅读考试之后60分钟 Task 1 and Task 2A类和G类的区别：task 2 议论文task 1 A：图表作文 G：书信评分：以Task 2 为主二：高分写作的要求评分标准：Vocabulary and Sentence Structure(词汇与句子结构)Arguments, Ideas and Evidence(论证，论点和论据)Communicative Quality(交流质量)Vocabulary and Sentence Structure(词汇与句子结构)1.避免使用过于低级的单词The problem becomes worse by the poor effects we made.The problem was compounded due to the ineffective measures we had taken.They claim that sports lead to competition rather than cooperation is only an incorrect argument. The claim that sports lead to competition rather than cooperation is only a lame argument.People face violence and crimes on TV and films every day.People are bombarded by violence and crimes on TV and films every day.The kind of growth may lead to very bad results.The kind of growth may lead to dire consequences.consequence:far-reaching（深远的）, profound（深刻的）, adverse（不利的）, catastrophic（灾难的）, damaging（破坏性的）, devastating（破坏性的）, dire（可怕的）, disastrous（灾难的）, fatal（致命的）, tragic（悲惨的）, severe（严重的）,2.避免过分重复同一样的单词Mothers enjoy the same right for career advancement as fathers do.Mothers are just as entitled to career advancement as fathers.Mothers are empowered to career advancement as fathers.3.尽可能展示多变的句型定语从句：China is the largest developing country and is enjoying rapid economic growth. As a result, in the streets of major cities in China, there are thousands of vehicles of all kinds.As the largest developing country, China is enjoying rapid economic growth, the evidence of which can be seen in all major cities whose streets are teeming with thousands of vehicles of all kinds.倒装句：Young people are so impulsive and easily influenced that they are constantly tricked by advertisement in all forms of media.Impulsive and easily influenced as young people are, they are constantly tricked by advertisement in all forms of media.伴随状语：It is common now for kids to spend six and a half days in school each week because they have to sit through one extra class after another.It is common for kids to spend six and a half days in school each week, sitting through one extra class after another.设问句：Even if machine translation were able to eradicate all the language barriers between peoples, learning foreign languages still make sense.Even if machine translation were able to eradicate all the language barriers between people, would there be no point in learning foreign languages By no means.Arguments, Ideas and Evidence(论证，论点和论据)Some people think that in order to improve the quality of education, high school students should be encouraged to evaluate and criticize their teachers, but other people maintain that such evaluation and criticism may cause loss of respect for teachers and discipline. What do you think有人认为，为了提高教育质量，我们应该鼓励高中生对自己的老师进行评估；别的人却认为这种评估是不尊重教师、违反学校纪律的行为。
雅思写作复杂句句型分析大全
雅思写作复杂句句型分析大全学好复合句的使用，能让我们的雅思写作增色不少，下面小编给大家带来雅思写作复杂句句型分析大全，希望喜欢。
雅思阅读复杂句句式分析之一雅思阅读复杂句在文章中十分常见，阅读文章长，句型结构复杂，一句话三四行，主干看不清，句子读不懂。
从雅思阅读文章中可以看出复杂句的两个特点：(1) 雅思阅读句子较长，大多数句子都在20个词以上，很多句子超过50个词。
(2) 雅思阅读文章句型结构复杂，结构复杂的简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句、多重复合句、被动句、倒装句、插入语等句型使用频繁。
这些复杂句造成同学们理解上的困难，由于句型在雅思阅读的文章中比较普遍，因此考前熟悉它们非常必要。
具体而言，按时间要求做完一套阅读题后，要从中挑一些又长有复杂的句子加以分析，学会抓主干。
这样，雅思阅读做题过程中速度和标准率就会提高。
句子结构分析的关键之一是抓主干。
对于复合句，抓主句;对于主句或比较复杂的简单主语和谓语。
抓主干，抓主句的主要意思，而对修饰成分先不特别注意，这是提高阅读速度的一个重要方法。
下面看到一些较难的句子及其结构分析、中文译文。
大家在看这些句子的中文译文的时候会发现这些译文并没有用标准的书面语言，而是按照英文的结构来翻译的，因此有些翻译会显得生硬，但它与其英文原文结构一致，这样是为了更有助于同学们理解英文原句的句子结构。
一.结构复杂的简单句如果句子只包含一个主谓结构，而句子各个成分都只由单词或短语表示，它就是简单句(不管句子是长是短)。
有的简单句并不简单，也很长，复杂的简单句包括：(1)分词及分词短语做定语、状语(2)动名词及动名词短语做主语、表语、宾语(3)不定式及不定式短语做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语(4)形容词短语做后置定语1.to resolve a dispute means to turn opposing positions into single outcome中文译文：解决一个冲突意味着把相反的各方变成一个单一的结果。
雅思强化写作精讲班第7讲讲义 (2)
雅思强化写作精讲班第7讲讲义复杂句的六种内在关系如何写复杂句（A）IELTS作文复杂句的六种内在关系1cause and effect因果关系标志词1）表示原因的as,since;due to,owing to2）表示结果的hence(因此),thus(因此),therefore(因此)As a consequence,…（作为结果）As a result,…（作为结果）Consequently…（作为结果）3）thereby(以此达到……的目的)1The ecological problems are being aggravated;hence,it is imperative that we take measures to curb the pollution of the environment.2The government should raise the public awareness of environmental preservation,thereby promoting sustainable development and creating a more livable environment.2exemplification举例关系标志词Take…for example.(以……为例)for instance,（比如……）To illustrate,…(例如…..)As an apt illustration,…（作为例证,……）Consider,for example…(以……为例)1The Asian countries are getting westernized at a staggering rate.Take China for example,when youngsters go to the movies,it is common for them to choose Hollywood blockbusters over domestic films.2Animals are humans’companions.To illustrate,dolphins often rescue sailors from sinking ships.3comparison and contrast对比关系标志词while…/whilst…/whereas…By contrast,…1While/Whilst modern man leads a stressful life,our ancestors could often perform their business in a leisurely fashion.2The educational and medical facilities in big cities are mostly very advanced.In contrast,their counterparts in the country tend to be of inferior quality.4Concession让步关系标志词Despite/In spite of/Notwithstanding…(尽管…)Nonetheless/Nevertheless，(尽管如此)Even though…(尽管)=Although1In spite of the disadvantages animal experimentation can bring about, many scientists insist on continuing this practice.2The government plays a crucial role in scientific research;nonetheless, private companies hold certain advantages in conducting scientific research.5Supposition假设论证标志词provided that…（如果）If…1Provided that we can minimize the pain of test animals,animal experimentation should be continued.2If large companies are moved to the countryside,the traffic congestion in cities will be alleviated substantially.6Modification修饰关系标志词that,who,which1In this day and age,we have a proliferation of buildings that look exactly like the buildings our ancestors built.2Today,teenage students are under increasingly severe stress in their studies,which has disturbed and alarmed many adults.。
雅思写作议论文备考六大思维总结
雅思写作议论文备考：六大思维总结朗阁雅思考试研究中心在雅思写作中议论文作文是非常重要的一部分，主要锻炼的是烤鸭们在遇到一个受人关注的话题时说理和自圆其说的能力，雅思写作考试中的议论文考试不仅培养考生们在应试时的临场反应能力，更是将来在国外生存时完成essay还有与他人沟通和交谈的能力。
因此在雅思写作考试中，议论文就占了将近三分之二的分值。
从一定程度上来说这个部分的要求已经算是简单的了，在国外留学时还需要完成1000字起的essay，但是就这不少于250字的议论文就已经让许多考生很为难，相信这将会是以后在海外留学的一个基础，必须要掌握！为什么如此多的中国考生在写作过程中存在字数不达标和无话可说的情况，归根结底是由于对议论文思路扩展的那些重要切入点不够了解，没有掌握说理时的方法和技巧。
下面朗阁雅思考试研究中心写作组的专家将对论文思路扩展方法一一分析。
一、因果推理法所谓议论文，最关键之处在于论述得当。
支持句应使主题句更加令人信服，令考生的想法更加鲜明的呈现在考官面前。
然而，中国考生在论述时往往存在一些误区：（一）一味重复主题，空洞解释。
此类段落不论字数多少，都给人空虚的感觉。
考生往往为了凑足篇幅而“不择手段”。
表面看来扩展了许多，但仔细体会永远只有一个意思。
不得不让考官觉得即单调又啰嗦。
（二）论述浮于表面，不达根源。
这类考生往往缺乏刨根究底的精神，总是在主旨周围绕圈子，不达中心。
这也是中国考生的通病，看似八九不离十，却总也不愿把话点破，让考官怎能不又急又气。
在所有的扩展方式之中，因果推理法是最受用也是最透彻的方法。
凡事先追溯到其原由，再扩展其结果，这是将主题阐述清晰、论述有力并且具有逻辑感的最佳手段。
例如在“出国留学利弊”这一题目之前，若考生单纯说“有可能会使青少年学坏”，难免缺乏说服力，但若紧接着扩展“因为孩子高中毕业后思想上还不成熟，若认识不好的朋友会难以抵抗社会上不好的诱惑”，那么此论点一定会让考官眉头舒展，点头认同。
大连雅思培训之雅思写作如何将简单句变为复杂句
大连雅思培训之雅思写作如何将简单句变为复杂句在教学过程中，强调让学生多写单句，单句写好了，复杂句也会写。
这个做法可能和大部分的老师是相反的。
但这个教学方法基于一个简单的道理：雅思考官不好蒙骗。
你一个复杂句如果写的不对，考官马上可以看出来，分数马上就会降低。
因此，踏实写好简单句，分数更加容易提高。
只有当你熟悉单句后，才可以将句子连接起来。
下面给宝宝们介绍几个实用的方法来吧简单句变复杂方法1：如果两个简单句没有因果关系，基本上是两个独立的事情，往往可以简单地用and相连。
举例：Children are not sensitive to prices and parents prefer to satisfy their needs.方法2：如果两个简单句有一定的因果关系，往往可以用状语从句相连。
一般来说，if 和when引导条件状语从句(也有一定因果关系，只是不那么强)举例：If advertising campaigns directed at children are regulated, children will not pester their parents to buy many goods for them.Since, as, because, so等引导原因或者结果状语从句，表示比较强的因果关系举例：some children like fast food since they are overwhelmed by fast food advertisements every day.方法3：如果状语从句怕重复，可以用and(或者;)+连接词的方式有很多连接词because of this, as a result of this, consequently, as a consequence 等，都是表示因果关系。
举例：some children are addicted to violent video games, and because of this, they can show aggression and bully their peers at school.方法4：如果第一个单句的最后一个单词和第二个单句的第一个单词重复，可以用定语从句连接。
雅思作文如何简单句变复杂句
雅思作文如何简单句变复杂句第一篇：雅思作文如何简单句变复杂句最权威的国际教育服务平台雅思作文如何简单句变复杂句在教学过程中，强调让学生多写单句，单句写好了，复杂句也会写。
这个做法可能和大部分的老师是相反的。
但这个教学方法基于一个简单的道理：雅思考官不好蒙骗。
你一个复杂句如果写的不对，考官马上可以看出来，分数马上就会降低。
因此，踏实写好简单句，分数更加容易提高。
只有当你熟悉单句后，才可以将句子连接起来。
方法1：如果两个简单句没有因果关系，基本上是两个独立的事情，往往可以简单地用and相连。
举例：Children are not sensitive to prices and parents prefer to satisfy their needs.方法2：如果两个简单句有一定的因果关系，往往可以用状语从句相连。
一般来说，if 和when引导条件状语从句(也有一定因果关系，只是不那么强)举例：If advertising campaigns directed at children are regulated，children will not pester their parents to buy many goods for them.Since，as，because，so等引导原因或者结果状语从句，表示比较强的因果关系举例：some children like fast food since they are overwhelmed by fast food advertisements every day.方法3：如果状语从句怕重复，可以用and(或者；)+连接词的方式最权威的国际教育服务平台有很多连接词because of this，as a result of this，consequently，as a consequence 等，都是表示因果关系。
举例：some children are addicted to violent video games，and because of this，they can show aggression and bully theirpeers at school.方法4：如果第一个单句的最后一个单词和第二个单句的第一个单词重复，可以用定语从句连接。
雅思7分写作班分析段落写作逻辑
我的托福雅思必过雅思7分写作班分析段落写作逻辑段落是构成文章的因素，本文雅思7分写作班就来为大家分析下如何写好段落。
段落是由句子按照一定逻辑构成的，而句子是由具有意思的词、短语按照一定逻辑构成的。
为此，雅思7分写作班首先要讲的就是意群和逻辑。
看下面的几个公式(注解：A/B/C分别代表意思的小群体(简称意群)，经常由动宾或系表结构，具有动词或形容词意思的名词或者名词短语，或者从句或者独立的句子构成。
)第一个逻辑公式：A—C。
在雅思7分写作班上曾给童鞋们举过这个例子：如果谦虚聆听长者见解，年轻人就能够很快的通往成功道路。
因为很多珍贵的经验(如少说话多办事、多学些技能等)会大大地减少那些缺乏相关经验、判断能力很差的年轻人犯错误的可能性，进而可以少走很多弯路。
Listening to traditional ideas from senior citizens, those who are young are probably guided to the right path of success. Doing more and saying less, as well as acquiring more skills are part of the elderly’s precious experience. All of them are more likely to reduce the probability of committing mistakes by young people, who usually lack in such experience and ability to judge right from wrong, and then the young can get success as soon as possible.Raising the yield of agricultural produces by a large margin is the primary and fundamental explanation. As is known to all, not as before when farming activities mainly relied on humankinds and livestock and the output of agriculture was lower relatively, recent decades have witnessed a sharp increase in the output of crops like corns and grains and fruits such as apples and bananas, in China, thanks to the extensive and reasonable exploitation of drip irrigation, chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Not only does such an achievement contribute to the alleviation of poverty and starvation, but also it fuels socioeconomic development.本文雅思7分写作班介绍的两个写作逻辑公式，希望同学们灵活熟练掌握，雅思考试都可轻松斩获高分。
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雅思强化写作精讲班第 7 讲讲义
复杂句的六种内在关系
如何写复杂句
（A）IELTS 作文复杂句的六种内在关系
1 cause and effect 因果关系
标志词 1）表示原因的 as ,since ; due to , owing to
2）表示结果的 hence(因此)， thus(因此) ， therefore（因此）As a consequence,…（作为结果） As a result,…（作为结果）Consequently…（作为结果）
3） thereby( 以此达到……的目的)
1 The ecological problems are being aggravated ; hence , it is imperative that we take measures to curb the pollution of the environment.
2 The government should raise the public awareness of environmental preservation, thereby promoting sustainable development and creating a more livable environment.
2 exemplification 举例关系
标志词Take…for example.(以……为例)for instance,（比如……）To illustrate,…(例如…..)As an apt illustration,…（作为例证,……）Consider, for example…(以……为例)
1 The Asian countries are getting westernized at a staggering rate. Take China for example, when youngsters go to the movies, it is common for them to choose Hollywood blockbusters over domestic films.
2 Animals are humans’ companions. To illustrate, dolphins often rescue sailors from sinking ships.
3 comparison and contrast 对比关系
标志词while…/ whilst… /whereas…By contrast,…
1While/ Whilst modern man leads a stressful life, our ancestors could often perform their business in a leisurely fashion.
2The educational and medical facilities in big cities are mostly very advanced. In contrast, their counterparts in the country tend to be of inferior quality.
4 Concession让步关系
标志词Despite/In spite of/Notwithstanding…(尽管…) Nonetheless/ Nevertheless， (尽管如此)Even
though…(尽管) = Although
1 In spite of the disadvantages animal experimentation can bring about, many scientists insist on continuing this practice.
2 The government plays a crucial role in scientific research; nonetheless, private companies hold certain advantages in conducting scientific research.
5 Supposition 假设论证
标志词provided that…（如果）If …
1 Provided that we can minimize the pain of test animals, animal experimentation should be continued.
2 If large companies are moved to the countryside, the traffic congestion in cities will be alleviated substantially.
6 Modification 修饰关系that, who, which
1 In this day and age, we have a proliferation of buildings that look exactly like the buildings our ancestors built.
2 Today, teenage students are under increasingly severe stress in their studies, which has disturbed and alarmed many adults.。