上海交大外科学16-外科学与免疫学

• Granule exocytosis: profin, granzyme • Apoptosis: Fas-FasL,
NK and Mφ
• NK: same as CTL: Granule exocytosis, Apoptosis
• NK & Mφ: ADCC
• Mφ: direct kill: release lysomal enzymes
Antigen presentation 抗原递呈
T cells recognize peptide fragments which have been processed T细胞识别的是经过加工过的多肽片段 Interaction with APC is essential for T-cell activation
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效应相
免疫系统 Immune System
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Organs of the Immune System 免疫器官
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Cells of the Immune System 免疫细胞
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Molecule of the Immune System 免疫分子
Lymphoid Tissues
Primary lymphoid organs Thymus——T cell mature fetal liver B Cell Bone marrow Secondary lymphoid organs and tissues Spleen lymph nodes and lymphatic system Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
Exogenous 内原性
Bacteria 细菌
Endosome 包涵体
Lysome CD4+ 溶酶体
Endocytosis 胞吞
Endogenou s 外原性
Viruses 病毒
Peoteasome I 蛋白酶体
ER 内质网
CD8+
Cytosolic 胞质溶解
Main molecules associated with T cell activation
APC-T细胞之间的相互作用是T细胞激活所必须
Antigen Processing and Presentation 抗原加工与递呈
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Ags are processed before they are presented to T cells Ags are partially degraded into peptide before binding to MHC molecules
Cells of the Innate Immune System
Phagocytes Mononuclear phagocytes Polymorphs Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils and mast cells Platelets Natural killer (NK) cells
Specific Signal & Co-stimulator
T cell Activated & Proliferation
Cell-mediated cytotoxicity
Cytotoxic T cells recognize Ag presented on MHC molecules
NK cells react against cells which do not express MHC-I
response
Highly specific for a particular pathogen
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Specific Muti-type
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Remember/ memory
Transferable
免疫应答的三个时相 Three phases of immune response
识别相 激活相
抗原递呈细胞的表面标志
T B 细胞表面标志的主要差别
Molecules of immune sys
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immunoglobulin / BCR TCR
complement
cytokines
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adhesion molecules
MHC
TCR
The αβ TCR heterodimer forms the recognition unit of the receptor CD3 complex associates with the αβand γδforms of the TCR
外科学与免疫学 Surgery & Immunology
Bing-ya Liu, M.D., Ph. D. ,
Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery
基本概念 Basic Principles
概念 Concepts
免疫: Immune: protect from pathogens ● 免疫性 Immunity: Capacity of defense infection ● 免疫应答 Immune response : response of recognition and elimination antigenicity foreign material ● 免疫学 Immunology: The science study on the structure & function of the immune system Science of self-nonself discrimination
inhibit DNA, RNA, and Pro. synthesis
Cytokine
• Lymphocytes differentiation and maturation • Enhance molecules expression on lymphocytes • Direct toxicity
Immune Response
Antibody
• Neutralization • Complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) IgG, IgM • Ab dependent cell mediated ell
MHC
MHC I molecules consist of an MHC-encoded heavy chain bound to β2-microglobalin β2-M is essential for expression of MHC I molecules Heavy chainα1 &α2 domains form the Ag-binding groove Variations in aa sequence change the shape of the binding groove MHC II blinding groove accommodate longer peptides than class I Peptides are held in the MHC molecules binding cleft by characteristic anchor residues
NK cells express two major classes of inhibitory receptors for MHC molecules Cytotoxicity is mediated by combinations of direct cell-cell interactions, cytokines and the release of granule proteins Ligation of Fas or the type-1 TNF-R on the target cell leads to the activation of caspases
Cells of the Adaptive Immune System
Lympho cytes T cells αβT γδT Suppressor T B cells Antigen-presenting cells (APCs)
Surface Molecules Expressed on DC
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Recognition: Ag recognized by lymphocytes Activation: lymphocytes activation Response: Lymphocytes coordinate an immune response that eliminates the source of the Ag
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天然免疫与获得性免疫 Adaptive and Innate immunity
天然免疫
● 机体与生具有的抵抗
外来病原的防御系统
无特异性, 包括
Innate immunity Body defenses come from birth Against all kinds of pathogens, Not specific
抗原递呈给T细胞之前须加工
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抗原在与MHC分子结合之前被降解成抗原肽
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Class I molecules associate with endogenously synthesized peptides
Proteasomes are cytoplasmic organelles that degrade cytoplasmic proteins Class II molecules are loaded with exogenous peptides in an endosomal compartment
Myeloid cells induce damage in targets principally by the release of toxic molecules