江苏省农产品出口存在的问题

江苏省农产品出口存在的问题

（一）初级农产品质量低、档次低、附加值低。江苏省出口的农产品目前仍以初级和简单加工的产品为主。初级农产品出口遇到的主要障碍是农药参数、重金属和抗生素等指标不到进口国的标准要求。由于我国农产品标准、监测、监督三大体系和市场准入制度不甚健全，导致农药、化肥、饲料添加剂等的管理上漏洞百出，难以控制产品的质量。东辛农场的冻鸡以往在日本市场已占了一席之地，近年来由于农药残留指标总是达不到日本的准入标准，出口日本已成泡影。如意集团的速冻、保鲜蔬菜、越秀的速冻板栗等虽出口量大，但价值较低，且易受进出口贸易壁垒的限制。

（二）农产品出口和供货量普遍规模小、实力弱，缺乏国际竞争力。除了上面提到的农产品出口大户，江苏省大多数的农产品出口企业普遍规模小，缺乏资金和专业人才，缺乏对国际市场需求信息的快速反馈能力。还有相当一部分企业舍不得在质量和卫生认证上下功夫，因此，出口产品的质量难以达到发达国家的标准。为了抢占市场，一些企业往往采用低价策略，造成同行业间的恶性竞争，扰乱了整个农产品出口秩序，影响了出口规模的扩大。

（三）本地产品比重小，对江苏省农业外向型经济的带动作用不明显。据海关统计，今年前10个月，江苏省农产品出口共22430万美元，其中本地商品出口15769万美元，占70%。但实际上本地货源只占一半左右，第一大农产品胶合板多半从邳州收购出口，益海粮油出口的豆粕是进料加工的副产品，越秀食品出口的板栗，也是从韩国进口后进行简单加工再复出口。以胶合板为例，其原料杨树是一种速生经济树种，易种易活，成林快。而且，江苏省的气候和温度条件最适宜杨树的生长。农民的家前屋后、田边路旁都可以种植杨树。胶合板的加工工艺也不复杂。江苏省农村完全可以发展杨木加工业，来带动农民致富。邳州的胶合板出口给徐州市的外贸出口带来亮点和新增长点，邳州也因胶合板加工出口而成为富邳县，我们应当借鉴其经验。另外，江苏省专业外贸公司的出口农产品，70%以上都从周边省、市采购货源，山东的洋葱、大蒜、脱水菜、花生、河南的芝麻等都通过江苏省外贸源源不断地出口。江苏省也生产这些农产品，但因品种不好、种植规模小加工质量差而无法大批出口。

（四）海运班轮航次少，影响江苏省农产品出口规模的扩大。农产品中保鲜蔬菜、水果、鲜花和海产品的出口对运输条件和时间要求很高。江苏省农产品主打日、韩市场，但目前连云港还没有直达日本的航班，各个航运公司每周到日本的班轮最多只有3班，抛箱、压港情况时有发生。而青岛港所有的航运公司每天都有到日本的航班，为了赶船期，保证出口食品的质量，江苏省的许多许多出口企业只能把加工的成品拉到青岛出口。内陆运输使企业增加了出口成本和环节。久而久之，一些企业干脆在农产品资源同样丰富的山东设厂开公司，从青岛港出口。

（五）严格的出口检验检疫影响了部分企业的出口积极性。为了适应WTO规则的要求，避免企业遭遇国外的绿色壁垒、技术壁垒，我国对农产品出口订立了严格的检验检疫制度。有企业反映，比起青岛、日照和烟台，连云港出口检验检疫部门检验费用偏高，检验时间偏长，影响了企业出口积极性。有些企业为了加快出口频率，把货交给山东的外贸公司代理出口。据不完全统计，每年因检验检疫原因流失到外省的出口量大约在一千万美元左右。

（六）出口市场过于依赖日、韩，易受其市场波动的影响。江苏省的农产品57%出口到日本、韩国，农产品出口企业中多数是日、韩投资企业。对日、韩市场的过于依赖，容易受这两个国家对外贸易政策的制约。日本为了限制进口、保护本国的农业，颁布了复杂多样

的环保法规、条例，建立了严格的环境技术标准，对农药残留以及食品的包装、加工等规定了397个标准。日本对中国产鸡肉制品实施歧视，检测克球粉时要求中国产品达到0.01MG/千克，而对美国等其他国家的产品只要求达到世界卫生组织规定的0.05MG/千克。我们应当贯彻市场多元化战略，避免“一损俱损”情况的发生。

Jiangsu agricultural product export problems

(a) primary agricultural products quality, low level is low, the low added value. Jiangsu export products with primary and simple processing of products. Primary agricultural products export of the main obstacle is heavy metals and pesticide parameters, indexes, such as antibiotics less importer standards. Because our country agricultural standard, monitoring and supervision system and market access system, three, not very healthy pesticide, fertilizer, feed additives in the management of loopholes, difficult to control the quality of the products. The DongJi farm in Michael essien has accounted for the Japanese market, in recent years because of pesticide residues than Japan index always access standards, exported to Japan has came to naught. With the frozen, fresh vegetables group of quick-frozen chestnut etc, yuexiu although exports, but lower value, import and export trade barriers and vulnerable to the limit.

(2) agricultural exports and GongHuoLiang generally small, weak strength, lack of international competitiveness. In addition to the above mentioned products export, and most of the agricultural product export enterprises in jiangsu province generally small, lack of funds and professional talents, lack of international market demand information feedback ability. There are some enterprises in quality and health to authentication fluctuation kongfu, therefore, the quality of export products to reach the standard of developed countries. In order to seize the market, some companies often caused by low price strategy, the same vicious competition between the agricultural product export, disturbing the order of export, the expansion of the scale of influence.

(3) local product of jiangsu province, a small proportion of the leading role of agricultural export-oriented economy. According to the statistics, the first 10 months of this year, the agricultural product export of jiangsu province 22430 million us dollars, including local merchandise exports 15769 million us dollars, accounting for 70%. But in fact accounted for only about half the local supply the first big agricultural exports from Korea, most plywood, the acquisition of soybean oil export processing is the by-product, yuexiu food exports from South Korea, is the Chinese chestnut import after again simple processing export. For example, in the raw materials, plywood is a fast-growing poplar tree, easy to live a forest. The climate in jiangsu province, and the suitable conditions of temperature and the growth of poplar trees. The farmer's back, tanabe road before planting the poplar can. Plywood processing also not complicated. Development of jiangsu province countryside can come from processing, farmers rich. The headquarters of the plywood export to xuzhou exports highlights and bring new growth point, the headquarters for export processing and become rich, plywood Pi county, we should learn the experience. In addition, jiangsu professional foreign trade company, 70% of the agricultural exports from the surrounding provinces, city of shandong, purchasing goods TuoShuiCai garlic, onion, sesame, peanut, henan, jiangsu, etc are flowing through foreign trade export. The agricultural production in jiangsu province, but also because of varieties, small scale of planting and processing of poor quality of export.