part1-Introduction
[英语学习]unit-1-Introduction
![[英语学习]unit-1-Introduction](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/c54459bff7ec4afe05a1df71.png)
展。
• a Panorama of Publishing 出版业概况 • book industry 图书出版业 • book community 书业团体
Questions on part 1
• 1 [+ obj] : to prepare and produce (a book, magazine, etc.) for sale ▪ It's a small company that only publishes about four books a year. ▪ The university press publishes academic titles. ▪ The newspaper is published daily. 2 : to have something you wrote included in a book, magazine, newspaper, etc. [no obj] ▪ There is a lot of pressure for professors to publish regularly. [+ obj] ▪ He has not published anything for a long time. 3 [+ obj] : to include (an article, letter, photograph, etc.) in a magazine or newspaper ▪ The magazine published two of my stories.
3. intriguing
introduction用法
Introduction用法什么是IntroductionIntroduction是英文中“介绍”一词的意思，也是指对某个主题或内容进行开篇的部分。
在文档中，Introduction通常出现在文件的开头，用于提供概述和背景信息，帮助读者快速了解文档的主题和目的。
Introduction的重要性Introduction在文档中起着非常重要的作用。
它不仅可以吸引读者的注意力，还可以帮助读者快速了解文档的主题和目的。
在一个好的Introduction中，读者应该能够了解以下内容：•文档的主题和目的•文档所涉及的相关背景知识•文档结构和组织一个清晰明了的Introduction可以帮助读者更好地理解和使用文档，提高文档的可读性和实用性。
Introduction的撰写撰写一个好的Introduction需要注意以下几点：1.简明扼要Introduction应该尽量简洁明了。
通过用简洁的语言概括主题和目的，读者可以迅速了解文档的内容，并决定是否继续阅读。
2.了解读者在撰写Introduction时，应该考虑到读者的背景和知识水平。
根据读者的需求，可以选择提供更详细的背景信息或更加直接的介绍。
3.概述文档结构在Introduction中，可以简要描述文档的结构和组织，这样读者可以在阅读前对整个文档有一个清晰的概念，并能够更好地找到所需的信息。
4.吸引读者注意力Introduction应该具有吸引读者的注意力的能力。
可以使用一些有趣的事实、问题或引用来激发读者的兴趣，让他们愿意继续阅读整个文档。
Introduction的示例以下是一个Introduction的示例，用于介绍一个新的软件产品：欢迎使用ABC软件！本文档将为您提供全面的ABC软件使用介绍。
ABC软件是一款强大的工具，可以帮助您高效地完成各种任务。
无论您是初学者还是专业人士，ABC软件都将为您提供全方位的支持和帮助。
在本文档中，您将了解到ABC软件的基本功能和特点，以及如何安装和配置ABC软件。
写一个目录英文作文
写一个目录英文作文英文回答：Table of Contents.Part I: Introduction.Chapter 1: Overview of [Topic]Chapter 2: Significance and Scope of the Study. Part II: Literature Review.Chapter 3: Theoretical Framework.Chapter 4: Empirical Evidence and Case Studies. Part III: Research Methodology.Chapter 5: Research Design and Data Collection.Chapter 6: Data Analysis and Interpretation.Part IV: Findings and Discussion.Chapter 7: Key Findings and Insights.Chapter 8: Analysis and Implications.Part V: Conclusion.Chapter 9: Summary of Findings.Chapter 10: Recommendations for Future Research. Appendices.Appendix A: Survey Instrument.Appendix B: Interview Guide.Appendix C: Data Analysis Results.中文回答：目录。
第一部分，绪论。
第1章，概述[主题]第2章，研究的重要性与范围。
第二部分，文献综述。
第3章，理论框架。
第4章，实证证据和案例研究。
第三部分，研究方法论。
第5章，研究设计和数据收集。
第6章，数据分析和解释。
第四部分，研究结果和讨论。
第7章，主要结果和见解。
第8章，分析和影响。
英语选修一作文模板
英语选修一作文模板英文回答：Section 1: Introduction。
Begin with a captivating hook to grab the reader's attention.Introduce the topic and provide a brief overview of the main points to be discussed.Section 2: Part 1。
Discuss the first point in detail, providing supporting evidence and examples.Use clear and concise language to present your ideas effectively.Include relevant quotes or statistics to strengthenyour argument.Section 3: Part 2。
Discuss the second point in detail, providing supporting evidence and examples.Compare and contrast this point with the first point if applicable.Explore different perspectives and consider opposing viewpoints.Section 4: Part 3。
Discuss the third point in detail, providing supporting evidence and examples.Synthesize the information from the previous sections and draw connections between the points.Consider the broader implications and potentialapplications of your findings.Section 5: Conclusion。
IELTS SPEAKING PART 1
Part 1 Interview – Other Questions
The examiner will ask around 4 questions from two different topics. These topics can cover all aspects of daily life. Only answer the question that is asked – don’t start talking about something else! Topics can include: Leisure time, emails, watching televsion, countryside, travel, photography, cooking, sports, seasons, trees, public transport, reading, bags, advertisements, boats, seaside, gifts, sleeping, writing, friends, mobile phones, electronics, parks, music, toys, clothing…………..
Clothes Do you think it's important what clothes a person wears? (Why?/Why not?) What kinds/styles of clothes do you like (or, prefer) to wear? (Why?) Do you wear the same clothes both at work and after work? Do you wear the same kinds of clothes in winter and summer? Do your friends have the same tastes in clothes as you? What kinds of (or, style of) clothes do people in your country like to wear?
Part I. Introduction
4) Reading to Confront Experience Literature is appealing mainly because of its relationship to human experience. It sheds light on the complexity and ambiguity of human experiences and thus broadens readers’ awareness of the possibilities of the experience. 5) Reading for Artistic Appreciation Good craftsmanship and the beauty of expression and form; It can be analyzed according to literary theories and criteria; literary criticism, to clarify, explain and evaluate literature from an aesthetic point of view.
4. The realistic period (1865 - 1914)
1) Midwestern Realism William Dean Howells 2) Cosmopolitan Novelist Henry James 3) Local Colorism Mark Twain 4) Naturalism Stephen Crane Jack London Theodore Dreiser
1. What is literature?
1) The definition of 14th century: It means polite learning through reading. A man of literature or a man of letters = a man of wide reading, “literacy” 2) The definition of 18th century: practice and profession of writing 3) The definition of 19th century: the high skills of writing in the special context of high imagination
fce口语模板
fce口语模板FCE口语模板Part One: Introduction首先，让我们来看一下FCE口语考试中的第一部分。
在考试中，考官会向考生询问关于个人信息和兴趣爱好等方面的问题。
因此，我们需要准备几个简单的模板来回答这些问题。
1. What's your name, please?Hello, my name is [姓名].2. Where are you from?I am from [城市/国家].3. Can you tell me something about your hometown?Sure, [城市/国家] is known [著名事物/文化]. It's also famous for [特色食品/景点].4. What do you like doing in your free time?During my free time, I like [兴趣爱好], such as [运动/音乐/旅游].Part Two: Long Turn接下来，让我们来看一下FCE口语考试的第二部分。
在该部分，考生需要回答一个与他们的兴趣爱好、经验或观点等相关的问题。
以下是一些模板，供考生在回答问题时参考。
1. Describing a personal experience:I remember one time when [个人经历], and it was [经历的感受]. I learned [从中学到的教训/价值观/新技能].2. Expressing an opinion:In my opinion, [观点]. For example, [举例]. Therefore, I believe that [结论].3. Comparing and Contrasting:When you compare [物品/概念], you can see that [相似点]. However, when you contrast them, you find that [不同点].Part Three: Collaborative TaskFCE口语考试的第三部分是协作任务。
NIDA-GCP模块1中英对照- Introduction(介绍)
国际GCP（NIDA）内容模块1中文翻译- Introduction（介绍）IntroductionContents >> 1 of 1➢Part 1: Introduction to Good Clinical Practice (GCP)良好临床实践（GCP）简介➢Part 2: Good Clinical Practice Guidelines良好临床实践指南➢Part 3: Other Federal Regulations其他联邦法规➢Part 4: Summary of Key Points要点总结◼Part 1: Introduction to Good Clinical Practice (GCP)良好临床实践（GCP）简介What is Good Clinical Practice?什么是良好临床实践？Good Clinical Practice (GCP) is an international ethical and scientific standard for conducting biomedical and behavioral research involving human participants. The objective of this guideline is to provide a unified standard across the European Union (EU), Japan, the United States, Canada, and Switzerland to facilitate the mutual acceptance of data from clinical trials by Regulatory Authorities.良好临床实践（GCP）是进行涉及人类参与者的生物医学和行为研究的国际伦理标准和科学标准。
Lecture 1 (Part I Introduction)
• When you have a dispute with a foreign state or enterprise, international economic dispute resolution is involved.
• You are not supposed to be busy in taking notes in class, instead, what I want from you is your thinking and reaction. The lecture notes will be available to you upon request.
2020/8/5
Part I (Introduction), IEL
3
CONTENTS
• Part I Introduction • Part II International Trade Law • Part III International Investment Law • Part IV International Finance Law • Part V International Taxation Law • Part VI International Economic Dispute
2020/8/5
Part I (Introduction), IEL
7
Academic Theories of IEL (cont’d)
Representatives:
经典：国际商务谈判-中国人民大学出版社PART1
12
Practical Solutions To Global Business Negotiations
Negotiation Infrastructure
❖ Assessing Current Status
▪ The current status can be assessed using the strengths, weaknesses, oppor- tunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis, a technique often used to assess business management situations.
11
Practical Solutions To Global Business Negotiations
Going Into Negotiations
❖ When conducting business negotiations, executives should keep in mind certain points that may arise as the discussions proceed:
❖ Relative Bargaining Power of Negotiators and Nature of Dependence
❖ Levels of Confl ict Underlying Potential Negotiations ❖ Relationship Between Negotiators Before and During
1 Part0
Welcome Ecuador Friends to China University of Petroleum
中国石油大学（北京）
China University of Petroleum
中国石油大学（北京）
Make friends all over the world! Predestined Relationship!
Highlights of Lectures
பைடு நூலகம்
Part 1 Introduction Part 2 Load Calculation Part 3 Calculation of short-circuit current Part 4 Power Apparatus Part 5 Power Lines and Station Part 6 How to Select Apparatus Part 7 Relay Protection Part 8 Low voltage Control Part 9 Lighting, Ground and Safety Part 10 Reactive Power Compensation Part 11 Harmonic Analysis Part 12 Save Energy and Special Power Supply Part 13 Management and Maintenance
Control Loop
Highlights of Lectures
Part 1 Introduction Part 2 Load Calculation Part 3 Calculation of short-circuit current Part 4 Power Apparatus Part 5 Power Lines and Station Part 6 How to Select Apparatus Part 7 Relay Protection Part 8 Low voltage Control Part 9 Lighting, Ground and Safety Part 10 Reactive Power Compensation Part 11 Harmonic Analysis Part 12 Save Energy and Special Power Supply Part 13 Management and Maintenance
雅思口语Part1说多久-答题建议-怎么拿高分
雅思口语Part1说多久-答题建议-怎么拿高分雅思口语考试分为三个部分，part1、part2和part3，其中part1时间为4-5分钟。
雅思口语考试采纳1V1的面试形式，视察考生日常会话、对熟悉话题作一定长度的描述以及与考官之间的互动能力。
雅思口语Part1这一部分的答题时间大概是四到五分钟，建议大家不要说太长太多，只要能表达清楚自己的观点即可。
雅思口语Part1的官方名字叫做Introduction andInterview(介绍与面试)，相当于咱们参加面试的时候的做个自我介绍然后做个简单答辩就行了。
时间的问题考生不用太过担心，实际上考官比你更着急，因为考官先生必须要确保每场口语考试总时间大概在12分钟左右，大的问题组虽然是固定三组，但是每组小问题可能是3个，也可能4个，取决于你每个小问题回答用的时间，所以时间也比较灵活。
雅思口语Part1部分，你可以说说你的上班或者是学习状况，也可以介绍家乡之类的。
如果考官有特别必须求的话，尽量靠考官的话题表述。
建议在考试时不要背答案，尤其是逐字逐句的背诵;考官经验丰富，他们可以很轻易的推断出你是否在说你想的还是别人的东西。
2雅思口语Part1答题建议1. 答案不要只是一到两句话。
2. 回答要尽量自然。
3. 尽量对你的答案进行补充说明。
比如上述的第二个问题，大家可以这样说：I like reading very much. I like reading different things such as novels, newspapers and magazines.我喜爱读不同的读物，比如小说、报纸和杂志。
However, most of my time is spent reading novels in order to relax and forget my problems.但是我读得最多的还是小说，因为读小说能让我放松，忘记自己的烦恼。
4. 雅思阅读的Part 1一般有12个左右的问题，时间在5分钟左右。
大学英语语音part1introduction
Special nouns
• vowels ; consonants /i/ /a/ /u/ /e/…
/p/ /t/ /k/ /d/…
英语元音
(English vowels)
英语元音音素共 20个。分单元音 和双元音两大类。
单元音的分类
a. 前元音：/ i: /, / i /, / e /, / æ / b. 后元音：/ ɑ:/, / ɔ /, / ɔ:/, / u /, / u: /, /Λ/ c. 中元音： / ә: /, / ә /
• Appropriate: / ə'prəʊprɪət/
• Intonation : /ɪntə'neɪʃ(ə)n/
Special nouns
• Purpose of the course
words
•Fundamental: / fʌndə'ment(ə)l/ •Effective: / ɪ'fektɪv]/ •Overcome •Dialect •Concentrate (on doing sth):
tips
stay hungry, stay foolish Practice makes perfect.
No pains, no gains.
Part one Introduction
Learning Outcomes
• General understanding about pronunciation • Special nouns about pronunciation • Ways to learn • Practice
双元音的分类
a. 合口双元音：/ ei /, / әu /, / ai /, / au /, / i/ b. 集中双元音：/ i ә /, / εә /, / uә /
雅思口语做小生意范文
雅思口语做小生意范文Part 1: Introduction.Well, let me tell you about this really cool small business idea I had. You know, I've always been a bit of a foodie, and I love those delicious, freshly made waffles. So, I decided to start a small waffle on the go business.Part 2: The Beginning.It all started when I was at a local fair. I saw how people werequeuing up for all kinds of snacks, but there wasn't a really good waffle stand. I thought to myself, "Hey, this could be my chance!" I mean, who doesn't like a warm, gooey waffle? So, I started doing my research. Ilooked up different waffle recipes, from the classic Belgian ones to some really funky, flavored ones like matcha or lavender. I also had to figure out where to get the equipment. I found this great second hand waffle maker that was still in really good condition. It was like a little treasure for my new business.Then came the ingredients. I made sure to source the best quality flour, eggs, and milk. And for the toppings, oh boy, I went all out. I had fresh strawberries, blueberries, whipped cream that was so light it was like eating a cloud, and different kinds of chocolates. I even had some unique spreads like Nutella with sea salt, which is just amazing.Part 3: The Challenges.But it wasn't all smooth sailing. One of the biggest challenges was finding the right location. I couldn't just set up my waffle stand anywhere.I had to look for places where there was a lot of foot traffic, like nearschools, parks, or busy shopping areas. And sometimes, I had to deal with some not so friendly competitors. There was this one guy who sold ice creams near where I wanted to set up, and he gave me a bit of a hard timeat first. But I just smiled and told him that there's enough room for both waffles and ice creams in people's stomachs!Another thing was the weather. If it was a rainy day, not many people were interested in coming out for a waffle. I remember one time when I had all my waffle batter ready, and it just started pouring. I was so disappointed. But then I thought of a clever idea. I started offering delivery in a small local area on those rainy days. I put up some ads on local community groups on social media, and it actually worked!Part 4: The Success and Fun Parts.When things went well, it was just amazing. I loved seeing the faces of my customers when they took their first bite of my waffles. There werethese kids who would come every weekend with their parents, and they'd beso excited to choose their toppings. I also had some regulars who worked in the nearby offices. They'd come during their lunch breaks and say that my waffles were the highlight of their day.I also got to be really creative with my business. For specialoccasions like Valentine's Day, I made heart shaped waffles with pink and red toppings. And during Halloween, I made spooky looking waffles with orange colored syrups and little plastic spiders on top for decoration. It was like I was not just selling waffles, but also creating little momentsof joy for people.Overall, starting this small waffle business has been such an adventure. It's had its ups and downs, but the good times and the happy customers have made it all worth it.。
雅思口语对比类范文
雅思口语对比类范文Part 1: Introduction.Well, you know, living in the city and living in the countryside are like two completely different worlds. I've had a bit of experience with both, so let me tell you all about it.Part 2: Differences in Environment.First off, the environment. In the city, it's all about skyscrapers and concrete jungles. There are big, shiny buildings everywhere you look, and the streets are filled with cars and buses. It can be a bit noisy and polluted, to be honest. You've got all that traffic noise, and sometimes the air doesn't smell too great either.But in the countryside, it's a whole different story. It's like stepping into a beautiful, natural painting. There are green fields as far as the eye can see, and the air is so fresh that it just fills your lungs with goodness. You can hear the birds singing in the morning, and at night, you might even be able to see a sky full of stars without all the city lights getting in the way. It's super peaceful and relaxing.Part 3: Differences in Lifestyle.The lifestyle is also really different. In the city, there's always something going on. There are tons of restaurants, bars, and clubs. You can go to the movies, see a play, or go shopping in huge malls. It's great if you like a fast paced life and being around lots of people. But it can also be a bit overwhelming at times. You know, you might feel like you're always in a rush.In the countryside, life moves at a much slower pace. People are more laid back. There might not be as many entertainment options, but there are other things to enjoy. For example, you can go for long walks in the woods, help out on a farm, or just sit in your garden and enjoy the sunshine. It's a simple life, but in a good way. You really get to connect with nature and your neighbors more.Part 4: Differences in Community.When it comes to the community, in the city, you can meet all kinds of people from different places and backgrounds. It's a melting pot. However, sometimes it can feel a bit impersonal. You might live next to someone for years and not even know their name.In the countryside, the community is really tight knit. Everyone knows everyone else. If you need help, your neighbors will be there in a flash. They might bring you some home made pies or come over to fix your fence.It's a really warm and friendly atmosphere.Part 5: Conclusion.So, both living in the city and in the countryside have their own charm. If you're a young, energetic person who loves excitement and opportunities, the city might be for you. But if you're looking for peace, nature, and a strong sense of community, the countryside is hard to beat.。
Part oneintroduction
Part one：introductionListening: interviewA: I'm Shirley and I _____________ if I can get your _____________, please. B: My name is Li Yuan.A: And what __________________ like me to call you?B: You can call the Xiao Yuan.A: May I know where you are from, Xiao Yuan?B: I' m from China, in the city of ______________.A: And I wonder if you could just show me your _____________.Good, thanks. May I know where you are from?Keep your answers short and to the point.1. “Good morning/afternoon. My name is Steven.Can you tell me your full name please?”Answer: My full name is…2. “What shall I call you?”3. “Can you tell me where you’re from?”Answer: I’m native to Harbin.4. “Can I see your identification, please?”Answer: Here you are./ Here you go.“This is the speaking module for the International English Language Testing System (IELTS)conducted on the 4th of July, 2011 in Harbin. The candidate is Liu Haibo. Candidate number 000007. And the interviewer is Steven.”“Now, in the first part, I’d like to ask you some questions about yourself. Let’s talk about what you do. Do you work or are you a student?”Answer(st) I am a well-qualified college student ( who is) majored in…I’m a …Answer(w) I work as a … in …/ It’s a state-owned enterprise /private enterprise/ multi-national corporation/ foreign capital enterprise / public institutions /official I have been working for …years.Part two“Now, I’m going to give you a topic, and I’d like you to talk about it for 1 to 2 minutes. Before you talk, you’ll have 1 minute to think about what you’re going to say. You can make some notes if you wish. Do you understand?“Here’s your paper and a pencil for making notes. And here’s your topic.(The exami ner hands you the cue card at this point). I’d like you to describe …..“All right. Remember you have 1 to 2 minutes for this, so don’t worry if I stop you.I’ll tell you when the time is up. Can you start speaking now, please?”Part three“We’ve been talking about (Part 2’s topic) and I’d like to discuss with you 1 or 2 more general questions related to this. Let’s talk about first of all,….句型活用例句：I really have no idea. You know, I am actually not a flower lover.I seldom pay attention to the flowers or trees these kinds of stuff.（1）I really have no idea. You know, I am actually not a 宠物lover.I seldom pay attention to the 猫咪or 小狗these kinds of stuff.（2）I really have no idea. You know, I am actually not a 购物狂.I seldom pay attention to the 时髦的衣服or 鞋子these kinds of stuff.（3）I really have no idea. You know, I am actually not a 运动lover.I seldom pay attention to the 奥运会or 体育赛事these kinds of stuff.（4）You know, I am actually not a 旅游lover. I seldom 去其它城市旅游. On one hand, I am 工作特别忙。
雅思part1自我介绍
雅思part1自我介绍雅思part1自我介绍雅思part1自我介绍1I am a third year master major in automation at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, P. R. China. With tremendous interest in Industrial Engineering, I am writing to apply for acceptance into your Ph.D. graduate program.Education backgroundIn 1995, I entered the Nanjing University of Science &Technology (NUST) -- widely considered one of the China’s best engineering schools. During the following undergraduate study, my academic records kept distinguished among the whole department. I was granted First Class Prize every semester,In 1999, I got the privilege to enter the graduate program waived of the admission test.At the period of my graduate study, my overall GPA(3.77/4.0) ranked top 5% in the department. In the second semester, I became teacher assistant that is given to talented and matured students only. This year, I won the Acer Scholarship as the one and only candidate in my department, which is the ultimate accolade for distinguished students endowed by my university. Presently, I am preparing my graduation thesis and trying for the honor of Excellent Graduation Thesis.Research experience and academic activityWhen a sophomore, I joined the Association of AI Enthusiast and began to narrow down my interest for my future research. With the tool of OpenGL and Matlab, I designed a simulation program for transportation scheduling system. It is now widely used by different research groups in NUST. I assumed andfulfilled a sewage analysis &dispose project for Nanjing sewage treatment plant. This was my first practice to convert a laboratory idea to a commercial product.In retrospect, I find myself standing on a solid basis in both theory and experience, which has prepared me for the Ph.D. program. My future research interests include: Network Scheduling Problem, Heuristic Algorithm research (especially in GA and Neural network), Supply chain network research, Hybrid system performance analysis with Petri nets and Data Mining. 雅思part1自我介绍2From a middle class family, I was born in Hsin Ying, Tainan on October 10th, 1965. My father is a civil official at Tainan City Government. My mother is a house wife good at cooking. Although I am the only child of my parents, I am by no mans a spoiled one. On the contrary, I have been expected to be a successful man with advanced education. I study hard at school. Besides texts knowledge, journalism is my favorite; whenever reading, my heart is filled with great joy and interesting.“Being good is must; successful, however, is plus.” Father adopts the idea of his father. Especially in military service, I realized it more precisely. People said: Military service makes a boy to man, I agree that.I realized the importance of English and began to study diligently when I was eighteen. I did not start in my early age, but I hope that I could pass the test of General English Proficiency Test. And this is my best wish at the moment.雅思part1自我介绍3After completing my military service, I have been looking for a challenging goal for me to achieve. And I found that the Intermediate of General English Proficiency Test fits my newachievement properly.I graduated from T aipei Commercial Junior College, majored in business administration. Instead of spending much time in playing, I devoted myself to my studies and paid attention to all meaningful things happened in daily life. By the way, I learned a lot from Mr. Wang, the professor of my business class. He is my good friend till now an often gives some appropriate suggestions toward my problem confusion.My father is, in the same way, a good consultant to me. As he said: I am in poor education, little for you; to clarify, what he have given is far beyond his words, I do think so. I was born in a country of Ping Tung Country, farming is our career of generations. There are four people in my family, Mother is housewife and my brother is a student of an Agriculture College.I am optimistic and active, and I am confident that I can pass the test. Thank you for your precious to read my autobiography.。
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吴淞铁路“天朝号”
中国第一条办理营业 的铁路 1875年英国人建 1877年清政府花28.5 万两白银买回后拆除
吴淞铁路
唐胥铁路
该铁路请英国人设计的，我国第一条自建铁路 ,标志着 中国铁路诞生。因迷信最后用骡马代替机车牵引火车
Hale Waihona Puke 1881年唐胥铁路建成时使用骡马牵引矿车
中国人自行设计的第一条铁路
京张铁路—人字型铁路
现代铁路的标志是信息化
在城市轨道交通领域中，已经开始实施列车 运行自动控制系统ATC（Automatic Train Control）包括三个子系统： 列车超速防护系统ATP（Automatic Train Protection） 列车自动驾驶系统ATO (Automatic Train Operation) 列车自动监控系统ATS (Automatic Train Supervision)
京
乌鲁木齐 吐鲁番 兰 库尔勒 喀什 格尔木 兰州 宝鸡 陇
宝 成 线
新 线
包 兰 线
包头
北京
京 包 线
哈 线
大同
京
太原 焦作
焦 柳 线
京
海 京 线 沪
大连 连云港
线
广
成都
成 昆 线
长
江
株洲 线 线
九
上海 杭州
线 线
沪 杭 线
浙赣
拉萨 昆明
贵阳
昆 贵 线
湘 黔
柳州 广州 九龙
主要铁路枢纽 北京 主要铁路枢纽 北京
京张铁路通行盛典
早期的铁路机车
火箭号蒸汽机车
运动1号蒸汽机车
“中国火箭”号机车和金达先生（英国）
中国制造的第一台蒸汽机车（1881）
早期的铁路机车
“龙号机车”（1881）
中国现存最古老的“0号”蒸汽机车（1882）
解放以后中国铁路的发展情况
解放前， 我国铁路 既落后， 布局又不 合理
1949年我国 铁路的分布
高速铁路规划图
五横： 一横：青岛－济南－石家庄－太原－银川－兰州－西 宁……格尔木……拉萨 二横：连云港－徐州－郑州－西安－天水－兰州……酒 泉……乌鲁木齐……伊宁 三横：上海－南京－合肥－武汉－宜昌－恩施—重庆－遂 宁—成都……格尔木……库尔勒……喀什 四横：上海－杭州－鹰潭－南昌－长沙－怀化－贵阳－昆 明……大理……密支那.印度 五横：台北－福州－赣州－桂林－南宁……至河内.琅勃 拉邦.清迈.仰光。
铁路重载运输
图为空中 俯瞰大秦 铁路上的 万吨列车 编组场。
信息技术----铁路现代化的重要标志
现代铁路离不开信息技术的支撑
高速铁路：信号—车载信号 控制—列车运行自动控制（列 车自动减速系统 、自动停车装置 、列车超 速防护系统 、列车自动运行系统 ） 列车—智慧型高速列车，牵引、制动等全 部由计算机进行计算 重载运输：车辆之间的协调 管理:数据库技术、MIS
解放以后中国铁路的发展情况
解放以后，我国铁路得到了大的发展
早期的蒸汽机车 嘉阳小火车—仅用于旅游观光
计算:1999年比1949年铁路营业里程增长的倍数。
蒸汽机车
时速60公里
内燃机车
时速100～120公里
电力机车
时速250～300公里
最近几年
中国铁路迎来了大发展时期
时速300公里以上
中国高铁
浙赣线
湘黔线
广州
主要铁路枢纽 兰州 主要铁路枢纽 兰州
乌鲁木齐
兰新线
包 兰 线
兰州
包头
连云港
陇海线
主要铁路枢纽 成都 主要铁路枢纽 成都
宝成线 成 昆 线
昆明 成都
宝鸡
重庆
成渝线
京哈线 滨洲线 滨绥线
主要铁路枢纽 主要铁路枢纽
滨洲 线
满洲里 北京
线
哈尔滨 滨绥 线 京 长春 沈阳 绥芬河
哈
大连
中国早期的铁路
中国早期铁路的发展史
近代交通的变化——西方新式交通到中国 淞沪铁路(上海--吴淞) 唐胥铁路(唐山--胥各庄) 京张铁路(北京--张家口)
① ② ③
①在中国出现的第一条铁路; ②中国自建的第一 条铁路;③1909年中国人自行设计的第一条铁路， 詹天佑负责。
淞沪铁路(上海--吴淞)
吴淞铁路列车开行
全国主要铁路干线 全国主要铁路干线
哈尔滨 乌鲁木齐
兰新线 宝成线
包 兰 线
兰州 宝鸡
包头
京包线
北京
京哈线
焦作
京 焦 陇海线 京 上海 成都 广 成 杭州 沪杭线 柳 线 九 昆 线 株洲 线 贵阳 线 浙赣线 昆明 湘黔线 柳州 贵 广州 九龙 昆 线
京 沪 连云港 线
五纵三横
京哈－京广线 五 京九线 纵： 京沪线 焦柳线 宝成－成昆线 京包－包兰线 三 横： 陇海－兰新线 沪杭－浙赣－湘黔－贵昆线
哈尔滨
包头
京包线
北京
京哈线
京 广 线
京 沪 线 京 九 线
广州 九龙 上海
主要铁路枢纽 郑州 主要铁路枢纽 郑州
北京
兰州 郑州 连云港
陇海线
京 广 线
广州
主要铁路枢纽 徐州 主要铁路枢纽 徐州
兰州
京 沪 线
北京
徐州 连云港
陇海线
上海
主要铁路枢纽 株洲 主要铁路枢纽 株洲
北京
京 广 线
杭州 株洲 贵阳
即将形成的铁路新干线
1.东西新干线：宁西线 （南京—合肥—潢川—信阳—南阳— 西安） 2.南北新干线：包粤线 （可称为“第六纵”） （包头—神府—延安—西安—安康—重庆— 遵义—贵阳—柳州—黎塘—湛江） 3.沿江铁路线：上海—南京—芜胡—九江—武汉—重庆） 4.沿海铁路线：大连轮渡到烟台—蓝村—临沂—长兴 —杭州—宁波—福州—厦门—汕头 —深圳—广州—湛江—海口—三亚） 5. 南疆铁路： （吐鲁番——喀什） 6. 青藏铁路： （西宁—格尔木—拉萨）
北京
京
北京
兰 新 线
包 兰 线
京 包 线
同 蒲 太 焦
哈 线
京
京
海 京 线 沪
陇
宝 成 线
焦 柳 线
线
广
九
沪 杭 线
成 昆 线
昆 贵 线
线 黔 线 湘
线 浙赣 线
高速铁路规划图
我国高速铁路规划图：五纵—五横—十联
其中五纵是指： 一纵：齐齐哈尔－哈尔滨－长春－沈阳－大连－青岛－连云 港－南通－上海－宁波－温州－福州－厦门－深圳－珠海－ 湛江－海口—三亚。 二纵：北京－天津－济南－徐州－蚌埠－合肥－安庆－九江 －南昌－赣州－惠州－深圳－香港。 三纵：北京－石家庄－邯郸－郑州－信阳－武汉－长沙－广 州－珠海－澳门。 四纵：沈阳－唐山－北京－张家口—大同—呼和浩特－包头 －延安－西安－安康—广安－重庆－泸州—宜宾－昆明…… 景洪……琅勃拉邦.万象.曼谷.新加坡。 五纵：香港－深圳－广州－桂林－贵阳—遵义－重庆－南 充—广元－天水。
铁路的内涵
早期铁路 ≠ 现代铁路
铁路运输的发展
世界上第一条铁路为：1825年英国，斯托克顿→达林顿， 有180多年历史，世界铁路总长为120万公里。 中国第一条铁路：1876.7，英国以建“寻常马路”名义，修 建了吴淞窄轨铁路（上海~吴淞），全长14.5km， 中国第一条准高速铁路：1994年广深线，全长147.3公 里，时速160公里（高速270公里） 中国第一条客运专线：2003年秦沈客运专线。 中国第一条客运专线：2003年秦沈客运专线。 中国第一条高速铁路：2008年8月1号，京津线，北京-天 津，时速350公里。 中国第一条自行设计的磁悬浮铁路：2003年3月，四川青 城山磁浮线路 最高时速100公里。
2010年12月3日上午11时30分，新一代高速动车 组“和谐号”CRH380A在京沪高铁跑出486.1公里时 速。这是继9月28日沪杭高铁试运行创下时速 416.6公里之后，中国高铁再次刷新世界铁路运营 试验最高速。
现代铁路发展总体方向—三化
客运快速化、高速化、舒适化
（中国高速铁路出世了）
货运快捷化、重载化 管理信息化： 运输管理信息系统（TMIS）、 调度指挥系统（DMIS）、 货车车辆管理系统(HMIS)、 客车管理信息系统（KMIS） ……
轨道交通
轨道交通是所有“导向型”交通的总称，它涵 盖铁路、地铁和轻轨交通系统。 其中铁路是轨道交通的主体。 轨道交通作为一种传统的基础设施，一直 在各国政治、经济、军事中具有重要的战 略地位。 近年来，我国以高速铁路、城市地铁和城 间轻轨的建设为契机，迎来了轨道交通新 一轮大发展时期。
铁路的内涵
An Introduction of Information Technologies for Modern Railway
Instructor: Xianhai Tan
谭献海
Email：xhtan@
Part 1 铁路与铁路信息技术简介
现代信息技术及其发展 轨道交通 铁路的内涵 铁路运输的发展 中国早期铁路的发展史 解放以后中国铁路的发展情况 现代铁路发展总体方向—三化 现代铁路离不开信息技术的支撑 全国铁路网 铁路“十一五”规划 铁路科技发展“十一五”规划
高速铁路规划图
十联是： 一联：唐山—天津－保定。 二联：天津—潍坊—日照。 三联：蚌埠－南京－杭州－宁波。 四联：武汉－九江。 五联：福州－鹰潭。 六联：贵阳—南宁－湛江。 七联：广元－成都－乐山—宜宾—泸州—遵义。 八联：遂宁－南充—广安。 九联：酒泉……格尔木。 十联：乌鲁木齐……库尔勒。
哈尔滨
世界上第一条铁路
世界上第一条铁路是英国在1825年修建的斯托克顿—达林顿铁路。斯托克顿和达林 顿相距约21公里，由于地处产煤地区，资本家早就拟定了修建铁路的计划，但是遭 到封建贵族的阻挠和反对。他们认为，修铁路有违圣经的教义，是对上帝的背叛。 说什么火车冒出的黑烟不仅损害田禾，使五谷不生，而且会毒化草地，连乳牛也不 能出奶了。因此，几次申请计划都没有得到国会的批准。然而，历史的车轮是不断 前进的，新生产力的发展迫使贵族们不得不让步。经过几次波折之后，终于批准了 这条铁路的修建。由于斯蒂芬逊的才能被资本家看中，雇用他来督修这条铁路和制 造蒸汽机车。1822年5月23日在斯托克顿开工，用了三年多的时间修建成功。线路 的设备和当今现代化铁路当然无法比拟。铁轨是鱼肚形的熟铁轨，每码重28磅 （合 每米13.9公斤）。机车只有两台 （其中一台就是“旅行号”），大小不及现代普通机 车的1/20，有一对直立的汽缸和一对直径48英寸 （约合122厘米）的动轮，后加一 个煤水车，总重量只有九吨，行速每小时八英里（约合13公里）。