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GE Grid Solutions 8系列高级馈线控制器产品手册说明书

GEGrid Solutionsimagination at workInnovative Technology& Design• Advanced feeder One Box Solution for protection, control monitoring anddiagnostics of single/dual feeder applications Feeder and Bay Controller Solutions for Industrial and Utility ApplicationsThe Multilin™ 850 relay is a member of the Multilin 8 Series protective relay platform and has been designed for the management, protection and control of feeder applications. The Multilin 850 is used to provide primary (main) or backup protection for underground and overhead single or dual feeders for utility and industrial power networks.With 11 Switchgear control elements, fully configurable Single Line Diagram on a large color graphical display, 36 alarm integrated annunciator panel and 20 push buttons makes the 850 the ideal choice for bay control and protection as a “One Box Solution”.Designed with advanced communications options and detailed asset monitoring capabilities, the Multilin 850 provides advanced functionality, including high-performance protection, extensive programmable logic and flexible configuration capabilities. With support for industry leading communications protocols and technologies, the 850 provides easy integration into new or existing SCADA or DCS for enhanced situational awareness.Key Benefits• One Box Solution with advanced logic and configuration flexibility, providing primary or backup protection for up to 2 feeders or feeders with 2 sets of voltage inputs • User configurable Single Line Diagram on color display for local control, system status, and metering • Advanced breaker diagnostics with comprehensive fault and disturbance recording• Integrated arc flash detection using light sensors supervised by overcurrent to reduce incident energy and equipment damage • Advanced cyber security features including AAA, Radius, RBAC, and Syslog enabling NERC ® CIP requirements • Draw-out design simplifies testing, commissioning and maintenance, increasing process uptime • Patented environmental monitoring, providing visibility to changes in environmental conditions that can affect relay lifeApplications• Single/dual feeder applications for utility, oil & gas, mining & metals, process industry, commercial, and waste water segments • Fast protection pass enabling load shedding schemes • Reliable automatic bus transfer & autoreclose schemes • Bay controller for wide range of switchgear applications • High speed fault detection for arc flash mitigationMultilin 850WARRANTYYEAR850Multilin 850 OverviewThe Multilin 850 is an advanced feeder protection device designed for high performance, protection, control and monitoring of incoming and outgoing feeders.With up to 57 digital inputs and 22 digital outputs in a compact box, the 850 provides a versatile and cost effective control, protection, measurement & monitoring solution. Flexelements and Flexlogic enable users to customize schemes to meet a variety of applications.From dual main to main-standby configurations, the Multilin 850D delivers a more economical and reliable solution, enabling customers to reduce hardware requirements and simplify device integration, including safe and secure Wi-Fi communications for system configuration and diagnostics. Bay Controller/One Box SolutionThe 850 offers comprehensive switchgear control aided by a configurable Single Line Diagram & breaker control. A total of 10 switchgear elements can be displayed and 8 elements controlled. The integrated solution for protection, control, monitoring and diagnostics eliminates the need for other external devices thus offering an integrated solution for switchgear systems. The device supports 6 user programmable pages. The Multilin 850 is an integrated solution that performs protection, control & monitoring of assets, and ease of retrieval of fault & event records. Coordinating remotely with SCADA over multiple communication protocols gives the Multilin 850 an added advantage for fast and efficient management of fault isolation and service restoration.The Multilin 850 is a cost-effective retrofit solutions where individual components of protection, metering, control switches, annunciator & panel mimic can be replaced by only one relay. Switchgear Control and Configurable SLDThe Multilin 850 provides a configurable dynamic SLD up to six (6) pages for comprehensive switchgear control of up to 2 breakers and 9 disconnect switches; including interlocks. Up to 15 digital and metering status elements can be configured per SLD page. These can be configured to show breakers, switches, metering, and status items.Individual SLD pages can be selected for the default home screen pages. Automatic cycling through these pages can also be achieved through default screen settings.The provision of such powerful control and display capability within the relay (“One Box” concept) eliminates the need for external controls, switches and annunciation on the panel reducing equipment and engineering cost. Annunciator Panel and Virtual Push ButtonsThe Multilin 850 offers a configurable annunciator panel that can be constructed to show up to 36 alarms in either self-reset mode or latched mode per ISA 18.1 standard similar to a physical annunciator panel; eliminating the need for a physical one. This removes the need for additional programmable LEDs. The alarms can be displayed on the front panel in a configurable grid layout of 2x2 or 3x3.The Multilin 850 extends the local control functionalities with 20 virtual pushbuttons that can be assigned for various functions. Each programmable pushbutton has its own programmable LED which can be used to acknowledge the action taken by the tab pushbutton.With a fast protection pass, running every 2 msec, the 850 relay provides fast response to current, voltage, power, and frequency protection elements; helping reduce stress on assets. The Multilin 850 supports the latest communication protocols, including DNP, ModBus, IEC 60870-5-103, IEC 62439/PRP and IEC 61850; facilitating easy integration into new or existing SCADA/DCS networks.Functional Block Diagram850 Distribution FeederWith support for up to 8 CT inputs & 2 sets of 4 traditional VT inputs, the 850 can be used for 2 feeders or feeders with 2 sets of voltage inputs, simplifying system architectures and operational costs.The 850 offers redundancy with the same number of devices, enabling:Architecture Simplification - Reduced Number of Devices• Less capital cost • Less O&M costMean Time to Repair - Less than 15 minutes• Field swappable PSU • Draw out construction• Ready to consume service reportsExtended Asset and Relay Life• Built-in Environmental monitoring • Advanced breaker monitoring• TGFD and Cable incipient fault detection/locationSimplified Management - Platform Based Solution• Reduced training needs• Standardized part number across systems • Harmonized look and feel, operational experienceProtection & ControlAs part of the 8 Series family, the Multilin 850 provides superior protection and control. The 850 offers comprehensive protection and control solutions for incoming, outgoing bus-tie/bus-coupler feeders. It contains a full range of selectively enabled, self-contained protection and control elements.The voltage and frequency protection functions detect abnormal system conditions, potentially hazardous to the system. Some of these conditions may consist of over and undervoltage, over and underfrequency, and phase reversal.Fast UnderfrequencyThe 850 has an 8 stage Fast Underfrequency element that measures frequency by detecting the consecutive voltage zero crossings and measuring the time between them. The measured frequency has a range between 20 to 70 Hz. This is useful for performing fast load-shedding when frequency variations from unbalance conditions arise due to:• Inadequate load forecast or deficient generation capacity programming.• Busbars, generator group or interconnection feeders trip.• System splits into islands.FlexCurves™For applications that require greater flexibility, FlexCurves can be used to define custom curve shapes. These curves can be used to coordinate with other feeders to achieve fault selectivity.RTD ProtectionThe Multilin 850 supports up to 13 programmable RTD inputs that can be configured for an Alarm or Trip.The RTDs can be assigned to a group for monitoring ambient temperatures or any other desired temperature. The RTD voting option gives additional reliability to ignore and alarm for any RTD failures.Integrated Arc Flash ProtectionThe Multilin 8 Series supports an integrated arc flash module providing constant monitoring for an arc flash condition within the switchgear, motor control centers, or panelboards. With a 2ms protection pass, the 8 Series is able to detect light and overcurrent using 4 arc sensors connected to the relay. In situations where an arc flash/fault does occur, the relay is able to quickly identify the fault and issue a trip command to the associated breaker thereby reducing the total incident energy and minimizing resulting equipment damage.Self-monitoring and diagnostics of the sensors ensures the health of the sensors as well as the full length fiber cables. LEDs on the front panel display of the 850 can be configured to indicate the health of the sensorsand its connections to the relay.Dual feederRedundant feeder850WANT TO LEARN MORE?EXPLORE IN 3DMV SwitchgearMultilin 8 SeriesFast, reliable arc flash protection with integrated light based arc flash sensors. This delivers detection in as fast as 2 msec, reducing the costs associated with equipment damage and unplanned downtime.Inputs and OutputsThe 850 provides a max of 57 Digital inputs and 22 Digital outputs with an option for 7 Analog Outputs (dc mA), 4 Analog Inputs (dc mA), and 1 RTD input. The configurable analog inputs can be used to measure quantities fed to the relay from standard transducers. Each input can be individually set to measure 4-20 mA, 0-20 mA or 0-1 mA transducer signals.Advanced AutomationThe Multilin 850 incorporates advanced automation capabilities which exceed those found in most feeder protection relays. This reduces the need for additional programmable controllers or discrete control relays including programmable logic, communication, and SCADA devices. Advanced automation also enables seamless integration of the 850 into other protection or process systems (SCADA or DCS).FlexElements™FlexElement is a universal comparator, that can be used to monitor any (analog) actual value measured or calculated by the relay, or a net difference of any two analog (actual) values of the same type.The element can be programmed to respond either to a signal level or to a rate-of-change (delta) over a pre-defined period of time.This can be used to generate special protection or monitoring functions which allow the user to flag a user-defined abnormality to give better visibility to a certain condition.FlexLogic™FlexLogic is the powerful programming logic engine that provides the ability to create customized protection and control schemes, minimizing the need for and associated costs of auxiliary components and wiring. Using FlexLogic, the 850 can be programmed to provide the required tripping logic along with custom scheme logic for feeder control interlocking schemes with adjacent protection (for example, preventing sympathetic tripping of healthy feeders), and dynamic setting group changes.Breaker Health MonitoringThe breaker is monitored by the relay not only for detection of breaker failure, but also for the overall “breaker health” which includes:• Breaker close and breaker open times • Trip circuit monitoring • Spring charging time • Per-phase arcing current • Trip countersAll algorithms provide the user with the flexibility to set up initial breaker trip counter conditions and define the criteria for breaker wear throughouta number of set points.Breaker Health Reporting assists Condition-Based Maintenance and savings in Operational CostsMonitoring & DiagnosticsThe Multilin 850 includes high accuracy metering and recording for all AC signals. Voltage, current, and power metering are built into the relay as a standard feature. Current and voltage parameters are available as total RMS magnitude, and as fundamental frequency magnitude and angle.Environmental MonitoringThe 850 has an Environmental Awareness Module (EAM) to record environmental data over the life of the product. The patented module measures temperature, humidity, surge pulses and accumulates the events every hour in pre-determined threshold buckets over a period of 15 years. This data can be retrieved using the EnerVista Setup Software. This report helps identify the operating condition of the installed fleet so that remedial action can be taken.850Environmental health report is available via Multilin PC SoftwareMeteringThe Multilin 850 offers high accuracy power quality monitoring for fault and system disturbance analysis. It delivers unmatched power system analytics through the following advanced features and monitoring and recording tools:• Harmonics measurement up to 25th harmonic for both currents and voltages including THD.• The length of the transient recorder record ranges from 31 to 1549 cycles (typically half a second to half a minute).• 32 digital points and 16 analog values.• Comprehensive data logger provides the recording of 16 analog values.• Detailed Fault Report. The 850 stores fault reports for the last 16 events. 1024 Event Recorder.CommunicationsThe Multilin 8 Series provides advanced communications technologies for remote data and engineering access, making it easy and flexible to use and integrate into new and existing infrastructures. Direct support for fiber optic Ethernet provides high-bandwidth communications, allowing for low-latency controls and high-speed file transfers of relay fault and event record information. The 850 also supports two independent IP addresses, providing high flexibility for the most challenging of communication networks. Providing several Ethernet and serial port options and supporting a wide range of industry standard protocols, the 8 Series enables easy, direct integration into DCS and SCADA systems. The 8 Series supports the following protocols:• IEC 61850 (8 Clients, 4 Logical Devices, Tx & Rx expansion, Analog GOOSE), IEC 62439 / PRP• DNP 3.0 serial, DNP 3.0 TCP/IP, IEC 60870-5-103, IEC 60870-5-104• Modbus RTU, Modbus TCP/IPThe 850 has two interfaces, a USB front port and Wi-Fi for ease of access to the relay.Wi-Fi Connectivity:• Simplify set-up and configuration• Simplify diagnostic retrieval• Allows personnel to be a safer distance from the front of the switchgear • WPA-2 securityCyber SecurityThe 8 Series delivers a host of cyber security features that help operators to comply with NERC CIP guidelines and regulations.• AAA Server Support (Radius/LDAP)• Role Based Access Control (RBAC)• Event Recorder (Syslog for SEM)Role, User, PasswordEncrypted (SSH)Security ServerCyber Security with Radius AuthenticationPLC / Gateway850869845MM200MM300ControllersReason S20Ethernet SwitchLV Network850 Menu path display indicating location within menu structureSoft menu navigation keysLED status indicatorsGraphic ControlPanel (GCP)Navigation keysFront USB portCaptive screw prevents inadvertent or unauthorized draw-outContext-sensitive menu for fast navigation Front View - Advanced Membrane Front PanelDimensions & MountingStandard serial and RJ45 Ethernet moduleAdvanced communica-tions module (Fiber Optic or Copper ports)CT, VT inputsGrounding screwPower supplyRTDsDigital I/O, DCmA, Arc Flash sensorsRear ViewEXPLORE IN 3D8.42”9.90”1.55”7.55”Optional IP20 cover available10 User-ProgrammablePush Buttons850 850D Wiring DiagramACCESS POINT850 850E Wiring DiagramPHASE CTsDIRECTION OF POWER FLOW FOR POSITIVE WATTS POSITIVE DIRECTION OF LAGGING VARSD9C O MN NINSTRUCTION MANUALSEE VT WIRING INCONNECTIONWYE VT INSTRUCTION MANUALINPUT WIRING INSEE GROUND 52b52a850-E Industrial Feeder Protection SystemJ9 J10 J11 J12 J13 J14OPEN DELTA VT CONNECTIONN N A I G I sg I C I N B I CANRESRVD 10D8D D745CV B V A V XV X V C V B V A V COMPUTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATIONSD1D2D3D D D6S L O T ASLOTS J & KDA O L CIRCUITCLOSECIRCUITTRIP POWERCONTROL RS485COMMUNICATIONS IRIG-B SLOT F: I/O_AVOLTAGE INPUTSCURRENT INPUTSETHERNETCOMPUTERPERSONAL USBPWR SUPPLY STUDGND BUSGROUND BUS MANUALIN INSTRUCTION MONITORING CLOSE COIL SEE TRIP AND CONTROL POWERSHOWN WITH NO OUTPUT CONTACTS 52F2F1O U T P U T R E L A Y SD I G I T A L I N P U T SVVF24F23F22F12F11F10F9F8F7F6F5F4J16F3RELAYFAILURE CRITICAL AUXILIARY 3CLOSETRIPDN U O R G LA R T U E N EN I L A1A2A3J14J13J12J11J10J9J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 K7 K8G/H2G/H1O U T P U T R E L A Y SG/H24G/H23G/H22G/H12G/H11G/H10G/H9G/H8G/H7G/H6G/H5G/H4G/H3SLOT G OR H: I/O_A* (OPTIONAL)ACCESS POINTJ15AUX VTAUXILIARY 4AUXILIARY 9AUXILIARY 10AUXILIARY 11AUXILIARY 12AUXILIARY 16DCmA I/OANALOG OUTPUTANALOG INPUTRTD12345671234ANY MEASURED OR METEREDANALOG PARAMETER OUTPUTSAMBIENTTEMPERATURE+++++++++++SLOT G: I/O_L (OPTIONAL)A R C F L A S HSLOT H: I/O_F (OPTIONAL)SLOT B OR C: I/O_R OR I/O_S* (OPTIONAL)* SUPPORTS 10 OHM COPPER RTD AS WELL* SLOT H I/O_A IS AVAILABLE WHEN SLOT G IS WITH I/O_LANY MEASURED ORMETERED ANALOG PARAMETER INPUTSCABLE SHIELD TO BE GROUNDED AT PLC/COMPUTER END ONLYRTD RTDFront PanelSLOT D**SLOT ERear PanelC O M850OrderingCONFIGURE ONLINE850* **NN *****A ************N DescriptionAAdvanced - CyberSentry Level 1Note: Harsh Environment Coating is provided as standard on all 8 series units.* HV I/O, Option A - Max 2 across slots F through HArc Flash Detection (Option F): Includes 4 x Arc Flash sensors, each 18 feet (5.5 meters) longIEC is a registered trademark of Commission Electrotechnique Internationale. IEEE is a registeredtrademark of the Institute of Electrical Electronics Engineers, Inc. Modbus is a registered trademark ofSchneider Automation. NERC is a registered trademark of North American Electric Reliability Council. NISTis a registered trademark of the National Institute of Standards and Technology.GE, the GE monogram, Multilin, FlexLogic, EnerVista and CyberSentry are trademarks of General ElectricCompany.GE reserves the right to make changes to specifications of products described at any time without notice andwithout obligation to notify any person of such changes.imagination at work GEA-32050(E)Copyright 2018, General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved.。

gld带式给料机标准

GLD带式给料机（也称为皮带给料机）是一种用于将物料从一个地方输送到另一个地方的装置。

这种装置通常由一个连续的皮带构成，物料被放置在皮带上，然后通过驱动装置将物料输送到目的地。

关于GLD带式给料机的标准通常由国际标准化组织（ISO）或国家标准制定机构制定，并根据特定的应用领域制定不同的标准。

以下是一些可能与GLD带式给料机相关的标准和规范的示例：
ISO 5048:2013 - 连续机械输送带- 带式输送带- 宽度、长度和规范
这是一项由ISO发布的标准，规定了带式输送带的基本规格、尺寸和性能参数。

它涵盖了带式给料机的设计和制造方面的重要信息。

CEMA标准（Conveyor Equipment Manufacturers Association）：CEMA是美国的一个行业协会，制定了与输送设备、包括带式给料机相关的标准。

这些标准通常包括设计、安装、维护和安全方面的指南。

DIN标准：德国标准化协会（DIN）发布了一些与输送设备和带式给料机相关的标准，其中一些标准也被广泛采
用。

ASME B20.1 - 安全标准for Conveyors and Related Equipment：美国机械工程师协会（ASME）发布的关于输
送设备和相关设备的安全标准，可能包括带式给料机。

这些标准通常包括有关带式给料机设计、安装、维护、操作和安全性的详细要求和指南。

具体的标准和规范可能因地区和应用而有所不同，因此在选择、安装和操作带式给料机时，应根据适用
的标准和法规来进行操作，并确保符合安全和性能要求。

此外，制造商通常会提供特定型号的带式给料机的技术规格和操作手册，其中包含了有关该型号的详细信息和使用指南。

gcc, as, ld的一些笔记

gcc, as, ld的一些笔记（一）（原创）1.本文不是教程，只是描述c语言（gcc环境），编译器，连接器，加载器，at&t汇编，ia32一些相关知识和笔记，很多需要深入的地方需要大家寻找相关的资料学习。

如果发现错误，请留言或通知我jinglexy at yahoo dot com dot cn，这个是我的msn。

打字不易，请转载时保留作者。

2.gcc安装的各个部分：g++ c++编译器，链接时使用c++库gcc c编译器，链接时使用c库cc1 实际的c编译器cc1plus 实际的c++编译器collect2 使用collect2产生特定的全局初始化代码，后台处理是传递参数给ld完成实际的链接工作。

crt0.o 初始化和结束代码libgcc 平台相关的库gcc安装需要的文件：gcc-core-3.4.6.tar.gz2 gcc核心编译器，默认只包含c编译器gcc-g++-3.4.6.tar.bz2 g＋＋编译器gcc-testsuite-3.4.6.tar.bz2 测试套件./configure && make && make install3.binutils安装的各个部分as gnu汇编工具gprof 性能分析工具ld gnu链接器makeobjcopy 目标文件从二进制格式翻译或复制到另一种objdump 显示目标文件的各种信息strings 显示文件的字符串strip 去除符合表readelf 分析elf并显示信息链接器可以读写各种目标文件中的信息，通过BFD（binary file descriptor）提供的工具实现，BFD定义了类似a.out, elf, coff 等目标文件的格式。

4.gcc预处理程序1)define指令#可将传递的宏字符串化##将两个名字连接成一个（注意不是连接成字符串）例：#define TEST(ARGTERM) \printf(“the term “ #ARGTERM “is a string\n”) 使用__VA_ARGS__定义可变参数宏例：#define err(...) fprintf(stderr, __VA_ARGS)err (“%s %d\n”, “error code is”, 48);为了消除无参数时的逗号，可以用下面方法定义：# define err(...) fprintf(stderr, ##__VA_ARGS)一种等同的方法是：#define dprintf(fmt, arg...) printf(fmt, ##arg) 其他例：#define PASTE(a, b) a##b2)error 和 warning指令#error “y here? bad boy!”3)if, elif, else, endif指令支持的运算符：加减乘除，位移，&&，||，!等示例：#if defined (CONFIG_A) || defined (CONFIG_B)……#endif4)gcc预定义宏__BASE_FILE__ 完整的源文件名路径__cplusplus 测试c++程序__DATE____FILE__ 源文件名__func__ 替代__FUNCTION__，__FUNCTION__以被GNU不推荐使用__TIME____LINE____VERSION__ gcc版本5)几个简单例子：例1：#define min(X, Y) \(__extension__ ({typeof (X) __x = (X), __y = (Y); \(__x < __y) ? __x : __y; }))#define max(X, Y) \(__extension__ ({typeof (X) __x = (X), __y = (Y); \(__x > __y) ? __x : __y; }))这样做的目的是消除宏对X，Y的改变的影响，例如：result = min(x++, --y); printf(x, y);补充：圆括号定义的符合语句可以生成返回值，例：result = ({ int a = 5;int b;b = a + 3;}); 将返回8例2：#define dprintfbin(buf, size) do{ int i; \printf("%s(%d)@", \__FUNCTION__, __LINE__); \for(i = 0; i < size - 1; i++){ \if(0 == i % 16) \printf("\n"); \printf("0x%02x ", ((char*)buf)[i]); \} \printf("0x%02x\n", ((char*)buf)[i]); \}while(0)这个比较简单，不用解释了例3：#ifdef __cplusplusextern "C"{#endifint foo1(void);int foo2(void);#ifdef __cplusplus}#endif作用：在c＋＋程序中使用c函数及库，c＋＋编译程序时将函数名粉碎成自己的方式，在没有extern的情况下可能是_Z3_foo1，_Z3_foo2将导致连接错误，这里的extern表示在连接库时，使用foo1，foo2函数名。

昂达785G芯片组主板使用说明

ONDAA78GLD3/A785GD3/A88GC用户手册Rev：2.0Date：2010.04给用户的说明本产品的所有部分，包括配件与软件等，其所有权都归本公司所有，未经本公司许可，不得任意地仿制、拷贝、摘抄或转译。

本用户手册没有任何形式的担保、立场表达或其它暗示。

若有任何因本用户手册或其所提到之产品的所有资讯，所引起直接或间接的信息流失或事业终止，本公司及其所属员工恕不为其担负任何责任。

除此之外，本用户手册所提到之产品规格及资讯仅供参考，内容亦会随时更新，恕不另行通知。

本用户手册的所有部分，包括硬件及软件，若有任何错误，本公司没有义务为其担负任何责任。

本手册所谈论到的产品名称仅做识别之用，而这些名称可能是属于其他公司的注册商标或是版权，在此声明如下：IBM，VGA和PS/2属于International Business Machines的注册商标。

Intel, Pentium, Pentium Ⅱ, Celeron, Pentium III, Pentium 4属于Intel的注册商标。

Microsoft, MS-DOS, Windows 95/98/NT, Windows2000/XP等属于Microsoft的注册商标。

PC-Cillin和ChipAway Virus属于Trend Micro Inc的注册商标。

AMI属于美国Megatrends Inc的注册商标。

Award属于Award的注册商标。

MediaRing T alk属于MediaRing的注册商标。

3Deep属于E-Color的注册商标。

本手册中出现的其他商标均已注册。

目录第一章包装说明 (3)第二章综述 (4)第三章主板位图 (6)第四章安装与设置 (7)第五章BIOS的设置 ..................................………….……………………...... 1 35.1 进入BIOS 主界面 ............................…………………………. 1 35.2 控制键位 ......................................………………………………1 35.3 主题帮助 ........................................…………………………….. 1 45.4 BIOS 主界面 .................................……..………………………1 45.5 高级BIOS功能设置.......................................……………….…. 1 65.6 启动设置 ................................………………………………….. 2 25.7 安全设置 (2)45.8 电源管理设置 ................................……………………………255.9 OverDrive 设置.................................…..………………………...285.10 离开BIOS 设置程序 ...........................………………………..31 第六章主板驱动安装………………….....................…………………………33第一章包装说明请确认您所购买的主板包装是否完整，如果有包装损坏或是有任何配件短缺的情形，请尽快与您的经销商联系。

现代 OpenGL 教程 01 - 入门指南说明书

现代OpenGL教程 01——入门指南欢迎大家，这是现代OpenGL教程系列的第一篇。

所有代码都是开源的，你可以在GitHub上下载：https:///tomdalling/opengl-series 通过这篇教程，你将会学到如何在Windows下用Visual Studio 2013或Mac下用Xcode搭建OpenGL 3.2工程。

该应用包含一个顶点着色器（vertex shader），一个片段着色器（fragment shader）和使用VAO和VBO来绘制的三角形。

该工程使用GLEW来访问OpenGL API，用GLFW来处理窗口创建和输入，还有使用GLM进行矩阵/矢量相关的数学运算。

这听上去有点无聊，但搭建这样的工程确实挺麻烦的，尤其对于初学者。

只要解决完这问题，我们就可以开始玩些有趣的东西了。

[TOC]获取代码所有例子代码的zip打包可以从这里获取：https:///tomdalling/opengl-series/archive/master.zip。

这一系列文章中所使用的代码都存放在：https:///tomdalling/opengl-series。

你可以在页面中下载zip，加入你会git的话，也可以复制该仓库。

本文代码你可以在source/01_project_skeleton目录里找到。

使用OS X系统的，可以打开根目录里的opengl-series.xcodeproj，选择本文工程。

使用Windows系统的，可以在Visual Studio 2013里打开opengl-series.sln，选择相应工程。

工程里已包含所有依赖，所以你不需要再安装或者配置额外的东西。

如果有任何编译或运行上的问题，请联系我。

关于兼容性的提醒本文使用OpenGL 3.2，但我会尝试保持如下兼容：向后兼容OpenGL 2.1向前兼容OpenGL 3.X和4.X兼容Android和iOS的OpenGL ES 2.0因为OpenGL和GLSL存在许多不同版本，本文代码不一定能做到100%上述兼容。

BPCS系统使用说明用户手册

财务人员BPCS系统使用说明用户手册BPCSV4.05CD – BNLVC用户使用手册编写：总帐部修改：IM&T部解释说明:BPCS的第一个界面。

使用者输入自己的USER NAME和PASSWORD。

之后按执行键（CTRL）。

解释说明：在输入USER NAME和PASSWORD之后，便进入此界面。

使用F14功能键（SHIFT＋F2）进入下一程序。

主要命令：F14：进入BPCS系统主模块。

在箭头处输入各个模块的代码。

（如GLD，ACR，INV等）总帐事务处理(GLD)：解释说明：总帐的第一个界面。

箭头处输入各个子模块的代码。

总帐联机凭证输入(GLD500)：凭证输入的第一屏幕。

(1) 凭证编号。

总帐传票的编号规则请参见附件（传票输入规则）。

(2) 凭证日期。

主要命令：F9：建立新的凭证，输入新分录时使用；F10：修改仍未POST的分录；F21：删除仍未POST的分录，删除之后，可以用原来的编号重新建立一个新的凭证。

总帐联机凭证输入(GLD500)：解释说明：凭证输入的第二屏幕。

(1) 输入传票的总计金额。

币种为人民币。

多币种记帐请参见附件（传票输入规则）。

(2) 输入传票的借贷方合计数量。

可以暂时不输，系统会自动加总第三屏幕各个科目录入时的数据，列在COMPUTED栏位，输入人员根据COMPUTED数据，键入ENTERED栏的相应位置。

(3) 输入分录的总计行数。

同上。

(4) 英文描述。

(5) 中文描述。

(6) 总帐的原因代码，目前在总帐模块中需要输入的原因代码有广告费和职工福利费。

广告费的原因代码在市场部的费用申请表上有列示。

职工福利费的原因代码参见附件（总帐原因代码）。

(7) 是否是期前分摊分录。

期前分摊是在总帐输入凭证时自动将凭证金额分配到几个其它科目中。

期前分摊的科目和百分比是在GLD138中维护。

(8) 是否是回转分录。

即是否需要在一定时间之后产生一笔相反的分录。

”Y’代表需要回转,空白表示不需要回转。

opengl使用手册简书

opengl使用手册简书【实用版】目录一、OpenGL 简介二、OpenGL 函数库1.核心函数库2.矩阵操作、几何变换和投影变换函数3.扩展库 GLEW三、OpenGL 菜单的使用1.交互式输入设备的处理2.glut 命令与鼠标函数四、总结正文一、OpenGL 简介OpenGL（Open Graphics Library）是一个跨平台的图形编程接口，用于渲染 2D 和 3D 图形。

它被广泛应用于游戏开发、计算机辅助设计、虚拟现实等领域。

OpenGL 提供了丰富的函数库，可以实现各种复杂的图形效果。

二、OpenGL 函数库OpenGL 的函数库主要可以分为核心函数库和扩展库。

核心函数库包含了基本的绘图功能，如绘制几何图元、矩阵操作、几何变换和投影变换等。

扩展库 GLEW（GLEW Extension Wrangler Library）则提供了更多的高级功能，如阴影、纹理贴图等。

1.核心函数库核心函数库包含了许多常用的绘图函数，如：- glBegin()：开始绘制- glEnd()：结束绘制- glVertex()：绘制一个顶点- glColor()：设置颜色2.矩阵操作、几何变换和投影变换函数OpenGL 提供了丰富的矩阵操作、几何变换和投影变换函数，如：- glPushMatrix()：矩阵入栈- glPopMatrix()：矩阵出栈- glTranslate()：几何变换（平移）- glRotate()：几何变换（旋转）- glScale()：几何变换（缩放）- gluPerspective()：投影变换3.扩展库 GLEWGLEW 是一个方便的扩展库，可以方便地管理 OpenGL 扩展。

它提供了一系列的函数，如：- glewInit()：初始化 GLEW- glewGetError()：获取 GLEW 错误- glewCreateContext()：创建 OpenGL 上下文- glewMakeCurrent()：设置当前 OpenGL 上下文三、OpenGL 菜单的使用OpenGL 支持交互式输入设备，如鼠标和键盘。

A&H_GLD_SC_P0161

10路输出- 4路XLR，立体声RCA, 1路 S/PDIF, 1路AES3输
GLD-AR84 音频机架
8路XLR话筒或线路输入 4路XLR线路输出
24路XLR话筒或线路输入 12路XLR线路输出
Cat5 dSNAKE端口，可连接GLD-80调音台
监控GLD-AR84音频机架
可对任何音源或混音母带进行双轨WAV格式的录音。支持多种播放格式-可连接任意输入通道：WAV,MP3,MP4(m4a/AAC), FLAC
拖曳通道，设置操作界面通道条的布局
按下插座，连接输入或输出通道
GLD-80 系统的核心
快速访问前置放大增益和定制衰减(PAD),高通滤波器频率，门限，频率，适用于各前置均衡(PEQ)频带的增益和带宽，压缩门限，压缩比和增益。
每个通道条包括彩色显示屏，可分配的旋钮编码器， 5个LED条状电平表，静音，选择，混音和推子前推子后监听切换，和 100mm电动推子
GLD不仅仅是一个调音台-更是一款全数字化的混音系统。 GLD采用 Cat5 dSNAKE数字多芯蛇，具有即插即用的音频机架和扩展器，可根据用户的需求方便快捷的构建系统。还可使用网卡连接GLD系统，进行多轨录音或连接其它设备。Aviom TM 兼容监听端口还可连接个人监听系统。
2Tap 延时
从单声道源生成单独的左右延时，每个延时都有其对应的时间。这些可以用于单声道输出。点击屏幕，选择值或将计数器分配至软键，实现5毫秒到2.7秒的延时。用户可调节延时，反馈，滤波和带宽来创建各类效果。
自动双轨收音(ADT)

GLD中文手册

标题: GLD中文手册--前言前段时间从每天十多个小时的工作时间中挤出那么点时间完成了NASM手册的翻译，之后得到了汇编版很多朋友的支持与关心，心中非常感激。

但是我们知道，NASM只是一个汇编器，只有它我们还无法完成我们的工作，NASM 功能很强大，能生成很多目标格式的文件，但是得不到我们最终想要的可执行文件。

对，我们还需要一个连接器。

可供选择的连接器有很多，它们当中也有很多是免费的，这在NASM的手册中也有介绍，这里我选择的是GNU的连接器ld,为了能更好地使用这个工具，就有了这篇翻译文档。

请不要误会，gld并不只能运行在unix/linux系统下面。

GCC的windows版本djgpp带有ld的windows版本，可以通过互联网免费下载。

希望这篇文档能对大家有所帮助，谢谢。

标题: GLD中文手册--(一)使用ld********本文档介绍GNU连接器ld的版本.本文档在GNU自由文档许可证下发行.在"GNU自由文档许可证"一章中有关于本许可证的一份拷贝.概述********'ld'把一定量的目标文件跟档案文件连接起来,并重定位它们的数据,连接符号引用.一般,在编译一个程序时,最后一步就是运行'ld'.'ld'能接受连接命令语言文件,这是一种用AT&T的连接编辑命令语言的超集写成的文件,用来在连接的整个过程中提供显式的,全局的控制.本版本的'ld'使用通用BFD库来操作目标文件.这就允许'ld'读取,合并,写入目标文件时,可以使用各种不同的格式,比如,COFF或''. 不同的格式可以被连接到一起产生一个有效的目标文件.除了它的灵活性,GNU连接器比其它连接器更有用的地方在于它提供了诊断信息. 许多连接器在碰到一个错误的时候立即放弃执行;但'ld'却能够继续执行,以让你发现其他的错误(或者,在某些情况下,得到一个带有错误的输出文件)引用**********GNU连接器'ld'能够处理大量的不同情况,并且跟其他的连接器保持尽可能的兼容.这样,你就拥有更多的选择来控制它的行为.命令行选项====================连接器提供大量的命令行选项,但是,在实际使用中,只有少数被经常使用.比如,'ld'的一个经常的使用场合是在一个标准的Unix系统上连接标准的Unix目标文件.在这样的一个系统上,连接文件''如下:ld -o OUTPUT /lib/ -lc这告诉'ld'产生一个叫OUTPUT的文件,作为连接文件'/lib/'和''和库''的结果.''来自标准的搜索路径.(参阅下文的关于'-l'选项的讨论).有些命令行选项可以在命令行的任何位置出现.但是,那些带有文件名的选项,比如'-l'或者'-T',会让文件在选项出现的位置上被读取. 对于非文件选项,以带不同的参数重复它,不会有进一步的效果,或者覆盖掉前面的相同项.那些多次出现时具有特殊含义的选项会在下文的描述中指出.无参数选项是那些被连接的目标文件和档案文件.它们可能紧随命令行选项,或在它们前面,或者跟它们夹杂在一起,但是一个目标文件参数是不会出现在一个选项跟它的参数之间的.通常,连接器至少引用一个目标文件,但是你可指定其它形式的二进制输入文件,这可以通过'-l','-R'或者脚本命令语言来实现.如果没有任何二进制文件被指定,连接器不会产生任何输出,并给出信息:"缺少输入文件."如果连接器不能识别目标文件的格式,它会假设这些只是连接脚本.以这种方式指定的脚本增加了连接用的主连接脚本的内容(主连接脚本即缺省连接脚本或使用'-T'指定的脚本). 这个特性可以允许连接器连接一些文件,它们看上去既像目标文件,又像档案文件,但实际上只是定义了一些符号值,或者使用'INPUT'或'GROUP'来载入其它的目标文件.需要注意的是,用这种方式指定一个脚本只是增加了主连接脚本的内容;要完全替换掉主连接脚本,需要使用'-T'.对于名称是单个字符的选项,选项参数必须紧跟在选项字母后面,中间不留空,或者也可留有一个空格.对于名称是多个字符的选项,选项前可以有一个或两个破折号;比如,'-trace-symbol'和`--trace-symbol'是等价的. 注意,对于这条规则有一个例外.那些以小写字母'o'开头的多字符选项前面只能是两个破折号,这是为了避免跟选项'-o'混淆. 比如'-omagic'把输出文件的名字定为'magic',而'--omagic'在输出文件中设置NMAGIC标志.多字符选项的参数必须跟选项名间以一个等于号分开,或者以一个空格分开.比如:`--trace-symbol foo'和`--trace-symbol=foo'是等价的. 多字符选项的名字唯一缩写符也是可以被接受的.注意,如果连接器通过被编译器驱动来间接引用(比如gcc), 那所有的连接器命令行选项前必须加上前缀'-Wl'(或者能被特定编译器驱动接受的其他前缀),就像下面这样:gcc -Wl,--startgroup -Wl,--endgroup这很重要,因为否则的话,编译器驱动程序会默认丢掉这些连接选项,产生一个错误的连接.下面是关于被GNU连接器接受的常用命令行开关的一个列表:`-aKEYWORD'这个选项在HP/UX兼容系统上被支持. 参数KEYWORD必须是下面字符串中的一个 :`archive', `shared', or `default'. `-aarchive'在功能上跟`-Bstatic'相同,而另外两个关键字功能上跟`-Bdynamic'相同. 这个选项可被多次使用.`-AARCHITECTURE'`--architecture=ARCHITECTURE'在最近发行版本的'ld'中,这个选项只在Intel 960系列架构上有用. 在那种'ld'配置中,参数ARCHITECTURE确定960系列的某一特定架构,启用某些安全措施,并修改档案库的搜索路径.将来的'ld'发行版可能为其它架构系列支持相似的功能.`-b INPUT-FORMAT'`--format=INPUT-FORMAT''ld'可以被配置为支持多于一种的目标文件.如果你的'ld'以这种方式被配置,你可以使用'-b'选项为输入目标文件指定二进制格式. 就算'ld'被配置为支持可选目标格式,你不必经常指定这一项,因为'ld'被配置为在每一台机子上把最常用的格式作为默认输入格式. INPUT-FORMAT是一个字符串, 你可能在连接一个不常用的二进制格式文件时需要这个参数.你也可使用'-b'来显式切换格式(在连接不同格式的目标文件时),方法是在每一组特定格式的目标前使用'-b INPUT-FORMAT'.缺省的格式是从环境变量'GNUTARGET'中得到的.你也可以从一个脚本中定义输入格式,使用的命令是'TARGET'.`-c MRI-COMMANDFILE'`--mri-script=MRI-COMMANDFILE'为了跟MRI生产的连接器兼容,'ld'接受另一种用受限命令语言写成的脚本文件,通过选项'-c'引入MRI脚本文件;使用'-T'选项是运行用普通'ld'脚本语言写的连接脚本.如果MRI-CMDFILE不存在,'ld'在'-L'指定的目录中寻找.`-d'`-dc'`-dp'这三个选项是等价的; 多字符形式是为了跟其他连接器兼容才被支持的.它们给普通符号分配空间,即使一个重定位输出文件已经被指定(通过'-r'). 脚本命令`FORCE_COMMON_ALLOCATION'具有同样的效果.`-e ENTRY'`--entry=ENTRY'使用符号ENTRY作为你的程序的开始执行点,而不是使用缺省的进入点.如果没有叫做ENTRY的符号,连接器会企图把ENTRY作为一个数字进行分析,并使用它作为入口地址(数字会被解释为10进制的;你可以使用前导的'0x'强制为16进制,或'0'作为8进制.)`-E'`--export-dynamic'当创建一个动态连接的可执行程序时, 把所有的符号加到动态符号表中.动态符号表是一个符号集,这些符号对于运行时的动态对象是可见的.如果你不使用这个选项,动态符号表中就会只含有那些连接进来的动态对象中用到的符号如果你使用'dlopen'来载入动态对象,它需要引用程序中的符号,那你可能需要在连接程序时用到这个选项.你也可以使用版本脚本来控制哪些符号应当被加到动态符号表中.`-EB'连接big-endian对象. 这会影响缺省输出格式.`-EL'连接little-endian对象. 这会影响缺省输出格式.`-g'忽略. 为了跟其它工具兼容而提供.`-i'执行一个增量连接(跟'-r'等同)`-init NAME'当创建一个ELF可执行文件或共享对象时,当可执行文件或共享对象被加载时,调用NAME, 这是通过把DT_INIT设置成函数的地址实现的. 缺省情况下,连接器使用'_init'作为调用的函数.`-lARCHIVE'`--library=ARCHIVE'增加一个档案文件ARCHIVE到连接的文件列表中.这个选项可以被多次使用. 'ld'会为每一个指定的ARCHIVE搜索它的路径列表,寻找`'对于支持共享库的系统, 'ld'可能还会搜索扩展名不是'.a'库.特别的,在ELF和SunOS系统上,'ld'会在搜索带有'.a'扩展名的库前搜索带'.so'扩展名的库.`-M'`--print-map'打印一个连接位图到标准输出.一个连接位图提供的关于连接的信息有如下一些:* 目标文件和符号被映射到内存的哪些地方.* 普通符号如何被分配空间.* 所有被连接进来的档案文件,还有导致档案文件被包含进来的那个符号.`-n'`--nmagic'关闭所有节的页对齐,如果可能,把输出格式标识为'NMAGIC'.`-N'`--omagic'把text和data节设置为可读写.同时,取消数据节的页对齐,同时,取消对共享库的连接.如果输出格式支持Unix风格的magic number, 把输出标志为'OMAGIC'.`--no-omagic'这个选项执行的操作大部分正好跟'-N'相反.它设置text节只读,强制data 节页对齐. 但是,这个选项并不开启连接共享库的功能. 使用'-Bdynamic'开启这个功能.`-o OUTPUT'`--output=OUTPUT'使用OUTPUT作为'ld'产生的程序的名字;如果这个选项没有指定,缺省的输出文件名是''.脚本命令'OUTPUT'也可以被用来指定输出文件的文件名.`-O LEVEL'如果LEVEL是一个比0大的数值, 'ld'优化输出.这可能会明显多占用时间,所以只有在生成最后的文件时使用.`-q'`--emit-relocs'把重定位节和内容留在完全连接后的可执行文件中. 连接分析和优化工具可能需要这些信息用来进行正确的修改与执行. 这在大的可执行文件中有用.这个选项目前只支持ELF平台.`-r'`--relocateable'产生可重定位的输出, 比如,产生一个输出文件它可再次作为'ld'的输入.这经常被叫做"部分连接".作为一个副作用,在支持标准Unix魔数的环境中,这个选项会把输出文件的魔数设置为'OMAGIC'. 如果这个选项没有被指定,一个绝对文件就会被产生.当连接C++程序时,这个选项就不会解析构造函数的引用;要解析,必须使用'-Ur'如果输入文件跟输出文件的格式不同,只有在输入文件不含有重定位信息的时候部分连接才被支持.输出格式不同的时候会有更多的限制.比如,有些''的格式在输入文件是其他格式的时候完全不支持部分连接.这个选项跟'-i'等效.`-R FILENAME'`--just-symbols=FILENAME'从FILENAME中读取符号名跟它们的值,但不重位这个文件,或者根本不把它包含在输出文件中.这就允许你的输出文件引用其它程序中定义的绝对内存地址.你可以多次使用这个选项.为了跟其他ELF连接器兼容,如果'-R'选项后面跟有一个目录名,而不是一个文件名,它会被处理成'-rpath'选项.`-s'`--strip-all'忽略输出文件中所有的符号信息.`-S'`--strip-debug'忽略输出文件中所有的调试符号信息(但不是所有符号).`-t'`--trace'打印'ld'处理的所有输入文件的名字.`-T SCRIPTFILE'`--script=SCRIPTFILE'把SCRIPTFILE作为连接脚本使用. 这个脚本会替代'ld'的缺省连接脚本(而不是增加它的内容),所以命令文件必须指定所有需要的东西以精确描述输出文件.如果SCRIPTFILE在当前目录下不存在,'ld'会在'-L'选项指定的所有目录下去寻找.多个'-T'选项会使内容累积.`-u SYMBOL'`--undefined=SYMBOL'强制SYMBOL在输出文件中作为一个无定义的符号被输入.这样做会有一些效果,比如,会引发从标准库中连接更多的模块. '-u'可以以不同的参数反复使用,以输入多个无定义的符号.这个选项跟连接脚本命令中的'EXTERN'是等效的.`-Ur'对于不是C++的程序,这个选项跟'-r'是等效的: 它产生可重定位的输出,比如,一个输出文件它可以再次作为'ld'的输入. 当连接C++程序时,'-Ur'解析构造函数的引用,跟'-r'不同. 但如果在一些用'-Ur'连接过的文件上再次使用'-Ur',它不会工作,因为一旦构造函数表被建立,它不能被添加内容.请只在最后一遍连接的时候使用'-Ur', 对其它的,只使用'-r'.`--unique[=SECTION]'对于所有匹配SECTION的输入节,在输出文件中都各自创建单独的节,或者,如果可选的通配符SECTION参数丢失了,为每一个孤儿输入节创建一个输出节. 一个孤儿节是一个连接脚本中没有指定的节.你可以在命令行上多次使用这个选项; 阻止对同名输入节的合并,在连接脚本中重载输出节分配.`-v'`--version'`-V'显示'ld'的版本. '-V'选项同时会列出支持的模拟器.`-x'`--discard-all'删除所有的本地符号.`-X'`--discard-locals'删除所有的临时本地符号.对于大多数目标平台,就是所有的名字以'L'开头的本地符号.`-y SYMBOL'`--trace-symbol=SYMBOL'打印出所有SYMBOL出现的被连接文件的名字. 这个选项可以被多次使用. 在很多系统中,这在预先确定底线时很有必要.当你拥有一个未定义的符号,但不知道这个引用出自哪里的时候,这个选项很有用.`-Y PATH'为缺省的库搜索路径增加一条路径.这个选项是为了跟Solaris兼容.`-z KEYWORD'能被识别的关键字包括'initfirst', 'interpose', 'loadfltr',`nodefaultlib', `nodelete', `nodlopen', `nodump', `now',`origin',`combreloc', `nocombreloc' and `nocopyreloc'. 为了跟Solaris兼容,所有其它的关键字都被忽略. 'initfirst'标志一个对象,使它在运行时,在所有其他对象之前被初始化. 'interpose'标志一个对象,使它的符号表放在所有其他符号之前,作为主要的执行者. 'loadfltr'标志一个对象,使它的过滤器在运行时立即被处理.'nodefaultlib'标志一个对象,使在搜索本对象所依赖的库时,忽略所有缺省库搜索路径. 'nodelete'标志一个对象,使它在运行时不会被从内存中删除.'nodlopen'标志一个对象,使这个对象不可以通过'dlopen'载入.'nodump'标志一个对象,使它不能被'dldump'转储. 'now'标志一个对象,使它成为非懒惰运行时绑定对象. 'origin'标志一些可能含有$ORIGIN 的对象,'defs'不允许无定义符号. 'muldefs'允许重定义. 'comberloc'组合多个重定位节,重新排布它们,让动态符号可见. 'nocomberloc'使多个重定位节组合无效. 'nocopyreloc'使重定位拷贝后的结果无效.--标题: GLD中文手册--(二)`-( ARCHIVES -)'`--start-group ARCHIVES --end-group'ARCHIVES应当是一个关于档案文件的列表. 它们可以是显式的文件名,或者'-l'选项.这些指定的档案文件会被多遍搜索,直到没有新的无定义引用被创建. 通常,一个档案文件只会被搜索一次. 但如果这个档案文件中的一个符号需要被用来解析一个档案中的目标引用到的无定义的符号,而这个符号在命令行上的后面某个档案文件中出现, 连接器不能解析这个引用. 把这些档案文件分组后,它们都可被反复搜索直到所有可能的引用都被解析了为止.使用这个选项有一个很大的运行开销. 只有在无法避免在多个档案文件中使用循环引用时才用它.`--accept-unknown-input-arch'`--no-accept-unknown-input-arch'告诉连接器接受那些架构不能被识别的输入文件. 但前提假设是用户知道他们在做什么,并且是故意要连接这些未知的输入文件. 在版本之前,这个是连接器的缺省行为. 从版本以后的,缺省行为是拒绝这类输入文件, 所以`--accept-unknown-input-arch'选项被用来恢复旧的行为.`-assert KEYWORD'这个选项被忽略,只是用来跟SunOS保持兼容.`-Bdynamic'`-dy'`-call_shared'连接动态链接库. 这个仅仅在支持共享库的平台上有用.在这些平台上,这个选项通常是默认行为. 这个选项的不同形式是为了跟不同的系统保持兼容. 你可以在命令行上多次使用这个选项:它影响紧随其后的'-l'选项的库搜索.`-Bgroup'在动态节的'DT_FLAGS_1'入口上设置'DF_1_GROUP'标志.这会让运行时连接器在处理在这个对象和它的相关部分搜索时只在组中. '--no-undefined'是隐式的. 这个选项只在支持共享库的ELF平台上有用.`-Bstatic'`-dn'`-non_shared'`-static'不连接共享库. 这个仅仅在支持共享库的平台上有用. 这个选项的不同形式是为了跟不同的系统保持兼容. 你可以在命令行上多次使用这个选项:它影响紧随其后的'-l'选项的库搜索.`-Bsymbolic'当创建一个共享库时, 把对全局符号的引用绑定到共享库中的定义(如果有),通常, 一个连接共享库的程序重载共享库中的定义是可能的. 这个选项只在支持共享库的ELF平台上有用.`--check-sections'`--no-check-sections'让连接器在节地址被分配后不要去检查节地址是否重叠.通常,连接器会执行这种检查,如果它发现了任何重叠,它会产生相应的错误信息. 连接器知道也允许节的重叠. 缺省的行为可以使用命令行开关`--check-sections'来恢复.`--cref'输出一个交叉引用表. 如果一个连接器位图文件被产生, 交叉引用表被打印到位图文件. 否则, 它被打印到标准输出.表的格式相当的简单, 所以,如果需要,可以通过一个脚本很轻易地处理它. 符号是以名字被打印输出,存储. 对于每一个符号,给出一个文件名列表. 如果符号被定义了, 列出的第一个文件是符号定义的所在. 接下来的文件包含符号的引用.`--no-define-common'这个选项限制对普通符号的地址分配. 脚本命令`INHIBIT_COMMON_ALLOCATION'具有同等的效果.`--no-define-common'选项允许从输出文件的类型选择中确定对普通符号的地址分配; 否则, 一个非重定位输出类型强制为普通符号分配地址. 使用'--no-define-common'允许那些从共享库中引用的普通符号只在主程序中被分配地址. 这会消除在共享库中的无用的副本的空间, 同时,也防止了在有多个指定了搜索路径的动态模块在进行运行时符号解析时引起的混乱.`--defsym SYMBOL=EXPRESSION'在输出文件中建立一个全局符号,这个符号拥有一个EXPRESSION指定的绝对地址. 你可以多次使用这个选项定义多个符号. EXPRESSION支持一个受限形式的算术运算:你可以给出一个十六进制常数或者一个已存在符号的名字,或者使用'+'和'-'来加或减十六进制常数或符号. 如果你需要更多的表达式,可以考虑在脚本中使用连接器命令语言, 注意在SYMBOL,=和EXPRESSION之间不允许有空格.`--demangle[=STYLE]'`--no-demangle'这些选项控制是否在错误信息和其它的输出中重组符号名. 当连接器被告知要重组, 它会试图把符号名以一种可读的形式的展现: 如果符号被以目标文件格式使用,它剥去前导的下划线,并且把C++形式的符号名转换成用户可读的名字.不同的编译器有不同的重组形式. 可选的重组形式参数可以被用来为你的编译器选择一个相应的重组形式. 连接器会以缺省形式重组直至环境变量`COLLECT_NO_DEMANGLE'被设置. 这些选项可以被用来重载缺省的设置.`--dynamic-linker FILE'设置动态连接器的名字. 这个只在产生动态连接的ELF可执行文件时有效. 缺省的动态连接器通常是正确的; 除非你知道你在干什么,不要使用这个选项.`--embedded-relocs'这个选项只在连接MIPS嵌入式PIC代码时有效, 这些代码必须是由GNU的编译器跟汇编器通过-membedded-pic选项生成的. 它导致连接器产生一个表,这个表被用来在运行时重定位所有的被静态初始化为指针值的数据.`--fatal-warnings'把所有的警告视为错误.`--force-exe-suffix'确保输出文件有一个.exe后缀.如果一个被成功完整连接的输出文件不带有一个'.exe'或'.dll'后缀, 这个选项确保连接器把输出文件拷贝成带有'.exe'后缀的同名文件. 这个选项在使用微软系统来编译未经修改的Unix的makefile时很有用, 因为有些版本的windows不会运行一个不带有'.exe'后缀的映像.`--no-gc-sections'`--gc-sections'允许对未使用的输入节的碎片收集. 在不支持这个选项的平台上,被忽略. 这个选项不能跟 '-r'选项共存也不能被用来进行动态连接. 缺省行为可以用`--no-gc-sections'进行恢复.`--help'在标准输出上打印一个命令行选项概要,然后退出.`--target-help'打印一个所有目标平台相关的选项的概要,然后退出.`-Map MAPFILE'打印一个连接位图到文件MAPFILE中. 参阅上面关于'-M'选项的描述.`--no-keep-memory''ld'通常会以速度优先于内存使用的方式优化程序,这是通过把输入文件的符号表放在内存缓冲中实现的,这个选项告诉'ld'以内存使用优先来优化, 尽可能的减小符号表的重读. 这在'ld'在连接一个大文件时超出内存限制时有用.`--no-undefined'`-z defs'通常,当创建一个非符号共享库时, 无定义的符号允许出现,并留待运行时连接器去解决. 这个选项关闭这样的无定义符号的使用. 开关`--no-allow-shlib-undefined'控制共享对象被连接进共享库时的行为.`--allow-multiple-definition'`-z muldefs'通常,当一个符号被定义多次时, 连接器会报告一个致命错误. 这些选项允许重定义并且第一个定义被使用`--allow-shlib-undefined'`--no-allow-shlib-undefined'允许(缺省)或不允许无定义符号存在于共享对象中. 这个开关的设置会重载'--no-undefined',这里只关注共享对象. 这样,如果'--no-undefined'被设置,但'--no-allow-shlib-undefined'未被设置, 连锁反应是存在于规则对象文件中的无定义的符号会引起一个错误,但是在共享对象中的未定义的符号会被忽略.把`--allow-shlib-undefined'设置为缺省的原因是在连接时指定的共享对象并不一定是载入时可载入的那个,所以,符号可能要到载入时间才被解析.`--no-undefined-version'通常当一个符号有一个未定义的版本时,连接器会忽略它. 这个选项不允许符号有未定义的版本,并且碰到这种情况,会报告一个严重错误.`--no-warn-mismatch'通常, 如果你因为一些原因,企图把一些不匹配的输入文件连接起来的时候, 'ld'会给出一个错误,可能这些文件是因为由不同的处理器编译. 这个选项告诉'ld'应当对这样的错误默认允许. 这个选项必须小心使用.`--no-whole-archive'为后面的档案文件关闭'--whole-archive'选项的影响.`--noinhibit-exec'当一个可执行文件还可以使用时,就保留它. 通常,连接器如果在连接过程中遇到了错误,就不会产生输出文件;当它遇上错误时,它会退出而不写输出文件.`-nostdlib'仅搜索那些在命令行上显式指定的库路径. 在连接脚本中(包含在命令行上指定的连接脚本)指定的库路径都被忽略.`--oformat OUTPUT-FORMAT''ld'可以被配置为支持多于一种的目标文件. 如果你的'ld'以这种方式被配置,你可以使用'--oformat'选项来指定输出目标文件的二进制格式.就算'ld'被配置为支持多种目标格式,你也不必指定这个项,因为'ld'应当被配置为把最常用的输出格式作为默认格式. OUTPUT-FORMAT是一个文本串,是被BFD库支持的一个特定格式的名字.脚本命令'OUTPUT_FORMAT'也可以指定输出格式,但这个选项可以覆盖它.`-qmagic'这个选项被忽略,只是为了跟Linux保持兼容.`-Qy'这个选项被忽略,只是为了跟SVR4保持兼容.`--relax'一个机器相关的选项. 只有在少数平台上,这个选项被支持.在某些平台上,'--relax'选项在连接器解析程序中的地址时执行可能的全局优化, 比如松散地址模式和在输出文件中合成新的指令.在某些平台上,连接时全局优化会进行符号调试导致程序不能运行.在不支持这个选项的平台上,'--relax'被接受,但被忽略.`--retain-symbols-file FILENAME'只保留在FILENAME中列出的那些符号,丢弃所有其他的. FILENAME是一个简单地平坦模式文件, 一个符号占一行.这个选项在那些会逐步积累起一个大的全局符号表的系统中(比如 VxWorks)会很有用,它能有效地节约内存空间.'--retain-symbols-file'不丢弃未定义的符号,和需要重定位的符号.你可能在命令行上只指定'--retain-symbol-file'一次, 它覆盖'-s'和'-S'的功能.`-rpath DIR'为运行时库的搜索路径增加一个目录. 这个在连接带有共享库的ELF可执行文件时有用. '-rpath'的所有参数会被连接起来传递给运行时连接器, 运行时连接器在运行时用它们定位共享对象. '-rpath'选项在定位那些在连接参数指定的共享对象需要的共享对象时也很有用; 参阅关于'-rpath-link'选项的描述, 如果在连接一个ELF可执行文件时不使用'-rpath'选项,那些环境变量'LD_RUN_PATH'选项就会被使用.'-rptah'选项也可以使用在SunOS上. 缺省地,在SunOS上,连接器会从所有的'-L'选项中形成一个运行时搜索路径.如果使用了'-rpath'选项, 那运行时搜索路径就只从'-rpath'选项中得到, 忽略'-L'选项. 这在使用GCC时非常有用, 它会用上很多的'-L'选项,而这些路径很可能就是NFS挂上去的文件系统中.为了同ELF的连接器兼容, 如果'-R'选面后面跟有一个目录名, 而不是一个文件名,那它也会被处理成'-rpath'选项.`-rpath-link DIR'当在SunOS上使用ELF时,一个共享库可能会用到另一个共享库. 当'ld-share'把一个共享库作为一个输入文件连接时就有可能发生这种情况.当一个连接器在作非共享,不可重定位连接时,如果遇上这种依赖情况,它会自动定位需要的共享库,然后把它包含在连接中, 如果在这种情况中,它没有被显式包含, 那'-rpath-link'选项指定优先搜索的一组路径名.。

2015第二版gld管理软件说明书

广联达管理软件说明书目录一、软件的安装与升级 (2)二、驱动安装注意事项 (6)三、驱动的安装 (6)四、写锁工具的使用方法 (14)五、重启后找不到锁的解决方案 (19)六、售后服务条款 (27)广联达管理软件说明书一、软件的安装与升级1.1软件的安装将产品安装光盘放入光驱，双击计算机或我的电脑，在计算机或我的电脑的界面找到“**省广联达管理软件”的光盘，双击找到“广联达管理软件-**省”的文件夹，双击运行其中的某个应用程序文件，按提示选择下一步。

（具体操作以北京省GBQ4.0来讲解，其它程序安装是一样的）广联达管理软件说明书广联达管理软件说明书广联达管理软件说明书点击完成后，此时在桌面产生“广联达计价软件GBQ4.0”的快捷图标，即完成软件程序的安装。

1.2软件升级《广联达管理软件》将不定期提供新的升级程序，用于更新最新的取费文件、人工工资、材料市场价或新调整某些库文件、功能、报表等。

1.在线手动升级：启动《广联达管理软件》主程序时，屏幕中间窗口会出现升级提示，选择【立即下载】按钮，程序会自动进行升级；如果不想立即升级，可选择【稍后再说】。

2.下载离线升级包（网盘会与官网同步更新）：进入百度云盘（链接找客服索取）广联达管理软件打开文件找到对应地区文件夹，下载全部文件安装即可。

3.使用安装光盘安装如果您的电脑不能上网，请到（）会员专区购买最新程序安装光盘后进行安装即可。

广联达管理软件说明书二、驱动安装注意事项（1）下一步操作前，必须在电脑完全退出杀毒软件的情况下操作；（2）软件安装完成后建议卸载广联达附属软件，其中有新干线、广小二、广联达客户端G+（尤为重要！！！）。

三、驱动的安装3.1驱动的安装双击计算机或我的电脑，在计算机或我的电脑的界面找到“**省广联达管理软件”的光盘，双击找到“广联达管理软件-**省”的文件夹，双击运行其中的“第一步”应用程序文件，按下图操作。

广联达管理软件说明书广联达管理软件说明书广联达管理软件说明书广联达管理软件说明书3.2驱动的安装双击计算机或我的电脑，在计算机或我的电脑的界面找到“**省广联达管理软件”的光盘，双击找到“广联达管理软件-**省”的文件夹，注意：必须退出所有的杀毒软件，360杀毒，360安全卫士，QQ软件管家，金山毒霸，金山卫士等，XP系统电脑双击打开‘第二步’应用程序文件，W7、W8电脑鼠标右键选择以管理员身份运行‘第二步’应用程序文件，按下图操作。

OpenGL编程参考手册

OpenGL编程参考手册OpenGL编程参考手册》(pdf)电子书下载笃志说明:《OpenGL编程参考手册》中文pdf版计算机电子书下载，本书不适合OpenGL新手入门,而适合一些已有比较深厚OpenGL基础的人士开发时使用.它更类似一个词典,将所有的OpenGL 记录,分类,仅此而已.前言OpenGL是一个图形硬件的软件接口（“GL”即Graphics Library）。

这一接口包含了数百个函数，图形程序员可以利用这些函数指定设计高品质的三维彩色图像所需的对象和操作。

这些函数中有许多实际上是其他函数的简单变形，因此，实际上它仅包含大约180个左右完全不同的函数。

OpenGL 实用库（OpenGL Utility Library，GLU）和对X窗口系统的OpenGL扩展（OpenGL Extension to the X Window System，GLX）为OpenGL提供了有用的支持特性和完整的OpenGL核心函数集。

本书详细介绍了这些函数的功能。

书中各章内容如下：第1章 OpenGL简介在概念上对OpenGL作了概述。

它通过一个高层的模块图来阐述OpenGL所执行的所有主要处理阶段。

第2章命令和例程概述较详细地阐述了OpenGL对输入数据的处理过程（用点形式来指定一个几何体或用像素形式来定义一幅图像时），并告诉你如何用OpenGL函数来控制这个过程。

此外，在本章中还对GLU和GLX函数作了讨论。

第3章命令和例程一览根据OpenGL命令所完成的功能列举说明了这些命令组。

一旦了解了这些命令的功能，你就可以利用这些完整的函数原型作为快速参考。

第4章定义的常量及相关命令列举了在OpenGL中定义的常量和使用这些常量的命令。

第5章 OpenGL参考说明本书的主体部分，它包括各组相关的OpenGL命令的描述。

带参数的命令和与之一起描述的其他命令仅在数据类型方面有所不同。

每个函数的参考说明介绍了参数、命令的作用和使用这些命令时可能发生的错误。

Honeywell GLS全球微型限位开关系列数据手册说明书

MICRO SWITCH Global Miniature Limit SwitchesGLC | GLD | GLE SeriesDESCRIPTIONHoneywell MICRO SWITCH GLS miniature limit switch family offers a wide range of products for global solutions. Thesedurable and reliable limit switches are suitable for many industrial applications, agriculture equipment, transportation equipment, and other applications requiring an environmentally sealed (IP and NEMA) switch.The compact housings are often ideal for equipment where space is at a premium. The extensive product range is available in three different housing types; metal housing, plastic housing or a three conduit metal housing which are mounting compatible to EN50047. A wide range of actuators, contact blocks, and conduit/connectivity options enhance the product offering.In today’s demanding age of logic-level controls,electromechanical switches are frequently used to interface with PLCs and other logic level devices. GLS limit switches offer an option for gold-plated contacts for the standard switch. This option promotes the switch reliability for logic-level applications.VALUE TO CUSTOMERS• Meets EN50047 mounting standards and EN/IEC electrical standards for world-wide use• Large existing install base and channel allows for quick delivery worldwide• Wide range of actuators and circuitry options in same footprint• Certified for global use with CCC 1, CSA, CE, and UL acceptanceDIFFERENTIATION• Modular design of limit switch (heads/actuators, bodies, and contact blocks) allows for rapid customization and delivery • Removable contact block for wiring ease• Galvanically isolated contacts for controlling two separate circuitsFEATURES• Designed to EN50047 standard• Metal housing or double-insulated plastic housing for indoor and outdoor applications• Wide range of actuator heads and levers• Heads can be positioned at 90° increments for designflexibility. Side rotary actuator heads can be factory set for CW, CCW, or CW and CCW actuation• Certified for global applications: CE, UL, CSA, CCC 1• Conforms to CE, EN50047, IEC/EN 60947-5-1; CSA C22.2 #14;UL 508; CCC 1 GB14048.5, EN45545-2 (GLC/GLE)• Sealed to IP66 and NEMA/UL 1, 4, 12, and 13• -40 °C [-40 °F] standard construction for side rotary and plunger actuated switches suitable for many severe outdoor environments• Dual bearing design on side rotary actuators reduces side loading and enhances mechanical life• Variety of NC and NO double-break snap-action or slow-action contact options• Silver contacts for power switching or gold-plated contacts for low energy loads•the normally closed contact. Each contact throw is electrically isolated to accept different voltages (Form Zb contacts).Double pole double throw (2NC/2NO) contact option require same polarity for each pole. (Form Za for each pole)• Contact blocks are available as snap action or slow action • Mechanical life up to 10 million operationsPOTENTIAL APPLICATIONS• Passenger elevators • Commerical appliances • Escalators/moving stairs • Scissor/platform lifts • Material handling• Machine tool equipment •Off-road equipmentPORTFOLIOThe GLC Series, GLD Series, and GLE Series are a segment of Honeywell’s global limit switch offering. The global limit switch products also include the GLA Series, the GLL Series, the NGC Series, and SZL-VL series. In addition to the global limit switch series, Honeywell provides a comprehensive line of medium duty industrial limit switches (CE Series, E6/V6 Series, LS Series) and heavy-duty HDLS Series (Heavy Duty Limit Switch).1CCC certification is not available on the GL Series Switches sold within Europe, Middle East, and Africa. Option for CCC certification in these regions is available upon request.Sensing and Internet of Things107147Issue 181CCC certification is not available on the GL Series Switches sold within Europe, Middle East, and Africa. Option for CCC certification in these regions is available upon request.Table 2. Electrical RatingIEC 60947-5-1 (EN60947-5-1) AC 15, A300; DC 13, Q300Silver Contacts Gold Contactsac dcA300UeAC15IeVA Q300UeDC13IeVA 1 V 10 m A min.50 V 100 mAmax.Volts Amps Make Break Volts Amps Make Break120672007201250.556969240372007202500.2769692 Sensing and Internet of Things 3Figure 1. Product NomenclatureGLSwitch TypeA1AHead/ActuatorBodyCPlease contact your Honeywell provider/representative for assistance.ConduitAGLS Series Global Limit SwitchL01Basic SwitchModiﬁcation CodesFor Actuator types beginning with A**For Type A modiﬁcation codes,more than one code may be permissible. For example,GLCA01A1B-13 is a side rotary,lever-actuated switch,GLCA01A1B, adjusted for clock-wise actuation only. The operating shaft is to the right side of the switch when viewing the switch from the front (label side).MICRO SWITCH™ GLC SERIES ORDER GUIDE/RECOMMENDED LISTINGS For listings not shown, contact your Honeywell representative.1Contact closedTable 4. Side Rotary, Metal Roller14 1Contact closed n; Contact open o. *Positive opening occurs.Table 7. Side Rotary Adjustable, Metal Rod, A4J (140 mm rod) and A4L (200 mm rod)1Contact closed n; Contact open o. *Positive opening occurs.Table 8. Side Rotary Offset Lever, Metal RollerSensing and Internet of Things 51Contact closed n; Contact open o. *Positive opening occurs.1Contact closed n; Contact open o. *Positive opening occurs. Table 10. Top Pin Plunger16 1Contact closed n; Contact open o. *Positive opening occurs. NOTE: Bar chart measurements are in millimeters.1Contact closedTable 13. Coil Spring Wobble, 130 mm11Contact closedSensing and Internet of Things 71Contact closedn; Contact open o.Figure 1. GLC Side Rotary • A1, A1A, A1B, and A1YFigure 2. GLC Side Rotary • A2, A2A, A2B, and A2Y Figure 5. GLC Side Rotary • A9A7,2 mm [0.28 in]for 0.5-14 NPTconduit threads.7,2 mm [0.28 in] for 0.5-14 NPT conduit threads.7,2 mm [0.28 in] for0.5-14 NPT conduitthreads.Figure 10. GLC Wobble • K8A/K8B7,2 mm [0.28 in] for0.5-14 NPT conduitthreads.Sensing and Internet of Things 9MICRO SWITCH™ GLD SERIES ORDER GUIDE/RECOMMENDED LISTINGS For listings not shown, contact your Honeywell representative.1Contact closed n; Contact open o. *Positive opening occurs.1Contact closed n; Contact open o. *Positive opening occurs.10 1Contact closed n; Contact open o. *Positive opening occurs. **No roller Table 19. Side Rotary Adjustable, Metal Roller1Contact closed n; Contact open o. *Positive opening occurs.1Contact closed n; Contact open o. *Positive opening occurs. Table 21. Side Rotary Offset Lever, Metal Roller1Contact closed n; Contact open o. *Positive opening occurs. Table 22. Side Rotary Conveyor Lever, Ceramic Roller1Contact closed n; Contact open o. *Positive opening occurs.1Contact closed n; Contact open o. *Positive opening occurs.Table 24. Side Rotary Adjustable, 50 mm Rubber Roller1Contact closed n; Contact open o. *Positive opening occurs. Table 25. Top Pin Plunger1Contact closed n; Contact open o. *Positive opening occurs. NOTE: Bar chart measurements are in millimeters.1Contact closed nTable 27. Top Roller Lever11Contact closed n; Contact open o.Figure 13. GLD Side Rotary • A2, A2A, A2B, and A2YFigure 14. GLD Side Rotary Rod • A4J (140 mm) & A4L (200 mm)0.5-14 NPT conduitthreads.0.5-14 NPT conduitthreads.7,2 mm [0.28 in] for0.5-14 NPT conduitthreads.7,2 mm [0.28 in] for0.5-14 NPT conduit threads.Figure 21. GLD Wobble • K8A/K8BMICRO SWITCH™ GLE SERIES ORDER GUIDE/RECOMMENDED LISTINGS For listings not shown, contact your Honeywell representative.1Contact closed n; Contact open o. *Positive opening occurs. † 0.5-14 NPT conduit option includes adapter.Table 31. Side Rotary, Metal Roller1Contact closed n; Contact open o. *Positive opening occurs. † 0.5-14 NPT conduit option includes adapter.Contact closed nTable 34. Side Rotary Adjustable, Metal Rod, A4J (140 mm Rod)1Contact closed n; Contact open o. *Positive opening occurs.† 0.5-14 NPT conduit option includes adapter.1Contact closed n; Contact open o. *Positive opening occurs. † 0.5-14 NPT conduit option includes adapter. Table 36. Side Rotary Offset Lever, Metal Roller1Contact closed n; Contact open o. *Positive opening occurs. † 0.5-14 NPT conduit option includes adapter. Table 37. Side Rotary Conveyor Lever, Ceramic Roller1Contact closed n; Contact open o. *Positive opening occurs.1Contact closed nTable 39. Top Roller Plunger1Contact closed n; Contact open o. *Positive opening occurs. NOTE: Bar chart measurements are in millimeters. † 0.5-14 NPT conduit option includes adapter. Table 40. Top Roller LeverSensing and Internet of Things 2111Contact closed n; Contact open o.22 Sensing and Internet of Things 23Figure 25. GLE Side Rotary • A4J and A4LFigure 33. GLE Conduit Adapter for 0.5-14 NPT24 Sensing and Internet of Things 25REPLACEMENT PARTS - BASIC SWITCHESFACTORY PRE-WIRED LIMIT SWITCHES WITHFACTORY PRE-WIRED LIMIT SWITCHES WITH INTEGRAL CONNECTOREpoxy-coated Metal Limit SwitchesGLCC01B-D1: Top pin plunger, 1NC/1NO snap action, with Deutsch DT style 4 pin connector GLCC01C-D1: Top roller plunger, 1NC/1NO snap action, with Deutsch DT style 4 pin connectorGLCC06A1B-D1: Side rotary with metal roller, 2NC slow action, with Deutsch DT style 4 pin connectorPlastic Limit SwitchesGLDC01A1A-D1: Side rotary with plastic roller, 1NC/1NO snap action, with Deutsch DT style 4 pin connectorGLDC01A1B-D1: Side rotary with metal roller, 1NC/1NO snap action, with Deutsch DT style 4 pin connectorGLDC01C-D1: Top roller plunger, 1NC/1NO snap action, with Deutsch DT style 4 pin connectorNote: Reference base catalog listing for switch characteristics. For example, cat. listing GLCC01B-D1 has base cat. listing GLCC01B.Connector Without Limit SwitchGLZ8C-DEU : DT style 4 pin connector prewired with 6 in. of lead wires (4) and 20 mm conduit thread with jam nutGLZ8C-PA : DT style 4 pin connector packet with all parts furnishedunassembled for a 20 mm conduit threadWarranty/RemedyHoneywell warrants goods of its manufacture as being free of defective materials and faulty workmanship. Honeywell’s standard product warranty applies unless agreed tootherwise by Honeywell in writing; please refer to your order acknowledgement or consult your local sales office for specific warranty details. If warranted goods are returned to Honeywell during the period of coverage, Honeywell will repair or replace, at its option, without charge those items it finds defective. The foregoing is buyer’s sole remedy and is in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or implied, including those of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. In no event shall Honeywell be liable for consequential, special, or indirect damages.While we provide application assistance personally, through our literature and the Honeywell web site, it is up to the customer to determine the suitability of the product in the application.Specifications may change without notice. The information we supply is believed to be accurate and reliable as of this printing. However, we assume no responsibility for its use.m WARNINGPERSONAL INJURYDO NOT USE these products as safety or emergency stop devices or in any other application where failure of the product could result in personal injury.Failure to comply with these instructions could result in death or serious injury.m WARNINGMISUSE OF DOCUMENTATION• The information presented in this product sheet is for reference only. Do not use this document as a product installation guide.•Complete installation, operation, and maintenanceinformation is provided in the instructions supplied with each product.Failure to comply with these instructions could result in death or serious injury.ADDITIONAL MATERIALSThe following associated literature is available on the Honeywell web site at :• Product installation instructions • Aerospace range guide • Transportation range guide• Limits and Machine Safety range guide • Product application-specific information– Application Note: Sensors and Switches for IndustrialManual Process Valves – Application Note: Sensors and Switches Used in ValveActuators and Valve Positioners – Industrial Machinery Switch Guide– Limit and Enclosed Switches Application Information – Limit and Enclosed Switches Operating Characteristics – Limit and Enclosed Switches Reference Standards – Limit and Enclosed Switches Typical Applications – Sensors and Switches in Mobile Cranes – Sensors and Switches in Front Loaders – Sensors and Switches in Elevator Applications107147-18-EN | 18 | 04/19© 2019 Honeywell International Inc. All rights reserved.For more informationHoneywell Sensing and Internet of Things services its customers through a worldwide network of sales offices and distributors. For application assistance, current specifications, pricing or the nearest Authorized Distributor, visit or call:Asia Pacific +65 6355-2828Europe +44 1698 481481USA/Canada+1-800-537-6945Honeywell Sensing and Internet of Things 9680 Old Bailes Road Fort Mill, SC 29707 www. 。

艾伦GLD80数码调音台中文版详细说明书

安全说明单页 AP3345- 英文 AP7287- 法文 AP8513- 中文
●在开始使用之前请先阅读
电源线 ●检查是否符合您所在地区
GLD-AR84 音频机架
CAT5 线 2 米（6.6’）
AH8822
信息 AP8720
安全说明单页 AP3345- 英文 AP7287- 法文 AP8513- 中文
LED 灯
Part: LEDlampX 直角 4 针 XLR LED 灯带内置调光器
10 米（396 英尺）CAT5 绕线鼓
AH8721 ● 仅用于 dSNAKE 与 ACETM 连接
80 米（264 英尺）CAT5 绕线鼓
AH7000 ● 仅用于所有的 GLD CAT5 连接
3
AP8561 iss.4
包装内容，注册与配件
GLD 调音台
用户指南 AP8561
安全说明单页 AP3345- 英文 AP7287- 法文 AP8513- 中文
●在开始使用之前请先阅读
电源线 ●检查是否符合您所在地区
GLD-AR2412 音频机架
CAT5 线 2 米（6.6’）
AH8822
信息 AP8596
调音台上的 4 路话筒
能够使用输入 / 输出模块选项用于联网音频
标准系统 32 路输入（28 路话筒），22 路输出
24 路话筒在机架上，4 路话筒在调音台上 GLD-80 或 GLD-112 x1 GLD-AR2412 x1 连接到 dSNAKE
紧凑系统 16 路输入（12 路话筒），14 路输出
关于本指南的重要信息
本用户指南对应 GLD 固件版本 V1.4，旨在帮助您开始设置并使用 GLD。本指南中的一些细节可能与当前发布的固件有差异。

高廊无缝空调与加热系统用户手册说明书

HIGH-WALL DUCTLESSAIR CONDITIONING &HEATING SYSTEMOWNER’S MANUALModels:SC-09WGLD-HP230SC-12WGLD-HP230SC-18WGLD-HP230SC-24WGLD-HP230SC-36WGLD-HP230SC-09ZGLD-HP230 SC-12ZGLD-HP230 SC-18ZGLD-HP230 SC-24ZGLD-HP230 SC-36ZGLD-HP230Table of ContentsIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4 Installation Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 System Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-8 Operation of Wireless Remote Contoller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-17 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18-19 Care and Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Energy Saving Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .BackPlease read the following before operation.symbol on the unit and in instructions or manuals, be alert to the potential for personal injury. Understand these signal words: DANGER , WARNING , and CAUTION . These words are used with the safety-alert symbol.DANGER identifies the most serious hazards which will result in severe personal injury or death.WARNING signifies hazards which could result in personal injury or death.CAUTION is used to identify unsafe practices which may result in minor personalinjury or product and property damage.NOTE is used to highlight suggestions which will result in enhanced installation,reliability, or operation.NOTE:Your actual air conditioning & heating system and related devices may differ from the images shown in this manual.Please read the following before operation.Front Panel DisplayThe front panel on the Stealth indoor unit contains system status lights and a modern, easy-to-read LED display.NOTE:The indoor unit display panel can be turned ON or OFF via the LIGHT buttonon the remote controller. See "LIGHT" button description for more detail.:::::INSTALLATION SCHEMATICInstallation Components*1.Front Panel2.Aux. Button3.Air Filter4.Horizontal Louver5.Remote ControllerWired Programmable Controller (not shown, sold separately) 6.7.Drain Hose (sold separately)8.Refrigerant Lines (sold separately) Outdoor unit 3416* Not all items in this schematic are included with equipment purchaseWHISPER QUIETNot only are the Stealth systems energy efficient but they are quiet too. Our High-Wall units operate with sound pressure levels starting as low as 26 dB(A).MULTI FAN SPEEDSWhether operating in either Cooling or Heating mode, the indoor fan can be set to your choice of four different speeds (Low, Medium, High or Turbo) to achieve maximum comfort. INTELLIGENT PRE-HEATINGThe system guards against the annoying cool air blown into the room in heating mode. The system constantly monitors the discharge air temperature. It will delay the indoor fan until the indoor coil has warmed up to prevent blowing uncomfortable cool air into the room.I FEEL MODEThe unit will sense room temperature at the remote controller instead of at the indoor unit. It then adjusts airflow and temperature accordingly for the ultimate in personal comfort control and energy savings.ADJUSTABLE AIRFLOWThe system has a bi-directional airflow control for maximum comfort. The indoor unithas adjustable vertical swing louvers and can be set in multiple discharge directions from the wireless remote controller.TURBO MODEUse Turbo Mode for situations where you wish to achieve the desired room temperature in the shortest possible time. This mode runs the unit at ultra high speeds for quickest results. FREEZE GUARDRoom Freeze Guard protection will automatically keep the room temperature from getting too cold, where water pipes might freezeTIMER MODEThe unit can be programmed to turn ON or OFF after a specific amount of time. The time period is adjustable between one half and 24 hours.MODE BUTTONThe unit can be set to five different operating modes: HEAT, COOL, DRY, FAN ONLY and AUTO. NOTE:AUTO MODE has fixed setpoints of 68° F heating and 77° F cooling, which arenot adjustable. The system will automatically select heating or cooling to maintain room temperature within this band.SLEEP MODEThe offers three selectable sleep modes for your comfort. The unit will automatically adjust room temperature during your sleep time. This slight change in temperature will not affect your comfort level due to the natural effects that sleeping has on the body, but it will save on energy consumption and will lower electric bills.ENERGY SAVINGS MODEThis feature will automatically select the optimal compressor and fan speeds to allow for energy savings while operating in Cooling or Heating modes. The compressor and fan will automatically slow down as the room temperature reaches the set point.SELF-DIAGNOSISStealth has a built-in computer which uses real-time diagnostics which help prolong the unit’s life. The automatic diagnosis feature continuously scans for errors or malfunctions and fault codes are shown on the unit display to facilitate troubleshooting and repair. POWER FAILURE MODEPower interruptions are no problem for the Stealth system. User selections and system parameters are stored in non-volatile memory. These parameters are retained during a power failure. When power is returned, the Stealth system will automatically return to the last operating mode.INTELLIGENT DEFROSTThe Stealth Intelligent Defrost function increases room comfort and saves energy by eliminating unnecessary defrost cycles. In heating mode, the unit will monitor the outdoor coil for frost build up. Once frost buildup has been detected, the system will switch into a defrost mode to remove the frost.POLYMERIC AIR FILTERThe polymeric mesh filters save energy by preventing the indoor coils from being plugged with dirt and lint. This economical and sturdy filter may be washed, vacuumed and reused. FAHRENHEIT °F/CELSIUS °CThe remote controller and indoor wall unit front panel can be set to display in either °F or °C. PRIVACY LOCK MODEThe wireless remote controller has a Lock feature. The Lock averts unauthorized access or tampering with system settings.AGENCY LISTINGSAll systems are listed with AHRI (Air conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute) and are ETL certified per UL Standards.Remote ControllerINTRODUCTION FOR ICONS ON DISPLAY SCREEN Part Name1. ON/OFF Button2. Fan Button3. Mode Button4. Up Button5. Swing Button6. Turbo Button7. Down Button8. Temp Button9. Sleep Button10. I Feel Button11. Clock Button12. Light Button13. Timer On/Off Button135********101213Auto ModeCool Mode Dry Mode Fan Mode Heat Mode ClockSleep Mode I Feel Function Light Send SignalTurbo ModeSet Fan Speed Operation Mode Temp.Display TypeSet TemperatureSet TimeTimer On/OffPrivacy LockUp &Down SwingSet Temp.Indoor Ambient Temp.Outdoor Ambient Temp.Temp. Display TypeFreeze GuardDISPLAYING SETPOINT OR INDOOR TEMPERATUREON FRONT PANEL:The setpoint temperature or room temperature can be displayed onthe front panel. Only setpoint temperature is displayed on the remotecontroller.When the “TEMP ” button is pushed once, the temperatureindicator is displayed. This indicates that the setpoint temperatureis displayed on the front panel.” button is pushed a second time, the display willThe room temperature will be displayed for only 5 seconds beforereverting back to displaying room setpoint.REMOTE CONTROLLER OPERATIONSThe wireless remote controller is sleek, versatile and allows you to change roomtemperatures and functions on your Stealth system from the palm of your hand. The large LCD display and buttons make it easy-to-understand and easy-to-use.The remote controller is set from factory to display temperatures in °F . If °C is desired, turn the remote controller OFF with the ON/OFF button and then press “MODE “ and “ ” buttons on the remote simultaneously for 5 seconds.ON/OFF BUTTONWhen the system is in OFF mode, the remote controller will displaythe time and last room setpoint. When you press the ON/OFFbutton, this indicator will be displayed and the unit will start inthe last operating mode and room setpoint.NOTE: If the ON/OFF button is pressed too soon after astop, the compressor will not start for 1 to 5 min. due to theinherent protection against frequent compressor cycling.ON Mode Display Room Temperature DisplayPRIVACY LOCKThe Privacy Lock prevents unauthorized access to the unit controls and prevents tampering with system settings. The remote controller can be locked by pushing the""and " " buttons simultaneouslyfor 5 seconds. The Privacy Lock icon will be displayed on the remote controller. Repeat the process to unlock the remote controller.UPrivacy Lock DisplayOPERATION OF WIRELESS REMOTE CONTROLLER VERTICAL SWING LOUVERS•Press the Vertical Swing Louver button to select five differentvertical (up & down) air discharge directions including Continuous Sweep. The Swing Louvericon will be displayed. Press this button to set swing angle, which changes in direction as below:Indicates louver swings up and down in the five directions, as shown.102345Swing Louver Display I Feel ModeI FEEL MODEremote controller instead of at the indoor unit. It then adjustsairflow and temperature accordingly for the ultimate in personalcomfort control and energy savings. Press the button again toexit this function. For best performance, keep remote controlleraway from heat or cold temperature sources while using thisfunction.MODE BUTTONUse the “MODE ” button to select one of the available modes.The selected mode will be displayed on the remote controller andthe appropriate light will illuminate on the front display panel.AUTO –Unit will automatically select heating or cooling tomaintain room temperature between 68°F and 77°F .The remote controller will display the Auto Mode icon withno setpoint. COOL –To cool to selected setpoint and remove moisture. Press or to adjust set temperature. System varies compressor speed to maintain desired temperature. HEAT –To heat to selected room setpoint. Press or to adjust set temperature. System varies compressor speed to maintain desired room temperature.FAN ONLY –To circulate air without heating or cooling. Use Fan Speed button to select speed from low to high.DRY –Select DRY MODE to increase moisture removal during warm humid conditions. In this mode, fan speed cannot be adjusted.1. If the Room Temperature is more than 4°F above the set temperature, thesystem will be operating in cooling mode with low fan speed.2. If the Room Temperature is between 4°F higher than, and 4°F less than, the set temperature, the system will cycle 6 minutes ON and 4 minutes OFF in cooling mode. The indoor fan will be at low speed.3. If the Room Temperature is more than 4°F below the set temperature, the system will be OFF and the indoor fan will be at low speed.:::::Icons Displayed FREEZE GUARDIn Heat mode, press"TEMP"and "CLOCK" buttons simultaneouslyto start up 46°F heating function. When this function is started up,"($)"and "46°F" will be displayed on the remote controller, andthe unit will maintain room temperature above 46°F . Press"TEMP"and "CLOCK" buttons simultaneously again to cancel FreezeGuard protection.Freeze Guard DisplayLIGHT BUTTONPress this button to turn off display light on indoor unit.Press again to turn it back on.Light Display TIMER SETTINGTimer-ON /Timer-OFF BUTTONTo set when you want the unit to turn On at the end of a selectedtime period, use the button labeled “Timer-ON /Timer-OFF”on theremote controller. Press this button to make the clock icon disappear,replaced with the word “ON” (blinking). Press or buttons to adjust timer setting 1 minuteat a time. Press and hold orbutton to set timer more quickly. Press“Timer-ON /Timer-OFF”button again to confirm setting, and the word “ON” will stopblinking. To cancel, press“Timer-ON /Timer-OFF” button again.To set when you want the unit to turn Off at the end of a selected time period, use the same button. Press this button to make the clock icon disappear, replaced with the word “OFF” (blinking).Adjust settings the same as with “Timer-ON /Timer-OFF”settings.NOTE: Under Timer On and Off status, you can set“Timer-ON /Timer-OFF”simultaneously. Before setting timer, be sure to set clock to correct time.TURBO MODEThe desired room setpoint can be achieved faster in TURBOmode. After selecting the“HEAT ”or“COOL ” mode button,push the“TURBO ”button. The TURBO icon will bedisplayed on the remote controller and the unit will run at anultra-high speed. To deactivate the feature, push the“TURBO ”button again. The unit will return to normal operation.Timer Setting ON/OFF Turbo Mode DisplayFAN BUTTONPress the FAN button to adjust the indoor fan speed: Low ( ), Medium ( ), High ( ), Turbo and Auto.NOTE: Turbo function is not available in Dry and AutoModes. The Stealth unit will select proper fan speedautomatically according to ambient temperature.CLOCK SETTINGPress this button to set clock time.“ ” icon on remote controllerwill blink. Within 5 seconds, press or button to set clock time.With each pressing of or buttons, clock time will increaseor decrease 1 minute. To quickly adjust time setting, press andhold or button for 2 seconds. Release button when youhave reached the desired time setting. Press “CLOCK” button toconfirm the time, and “ ” icon will stop blinking.NOTE: Clock time adopts 24-hour mode. A 12-hour timeformat is not available.ENERGY-SAVINGIn Cool mode, press"TEMP"and "CLOCK" buttons simultaneouslyto start the energy-saving function."SE" will be shown on remotecontroller, and the unit will adjust the set temperature automaticallyto reach to the best energy-saving effect. Press"TEMP"and "CLOCK"buttons simultaneously again to cancel energy-saving mode.•Turbo function is not available in Dry and Auto mode.•The fan operates at low speed in Dry and Auto modes, and thespeed cannot be adjusted.•When Auto is selected, the unit will select the proper fan speedautomatically, according to the ambient temperature.Fan DisplayClock Setting Display Energy Saving DisplayCooling Mode Heating Mode Cooling Mode Heating Mode SLEEP MODEThe Stealth system will automatically adjust roomtemperature during your sleep time. This slight change intemperature will not affect your comfort level due to thenatural effects thatsleeping has on the body, but it will save on energyconsumption and will lower your electric bill. TheStealth System has three Sleep Modes to select from. Pressthe SLEEP button to select Sleep 1, Sleep 2, Sleep 3 modes orCancel. The SLEEP icon will appear.TRADITIONAL MODE - SLEEP 1In Traditional Mode the unit will slowly relax the room set temperature by up to 4° F until Sleep Mode is cancelled. 1EXPERT MODE - SLEEP 2In Expert Mode the unit will adjust the room set temperature at a rate based on the startingset temperature value. Sleep Mode will continue until cancelled.2Sleep Mode DisplayNOTE: During this procedure, if no button is pressed within 10 seconds, remote controller will automatically exit the sleep curve setting and resume original display. If ON/OFF , MODE, TIMER, SLEEP , COOLING or HEATING button is pressed during the setting or inquiry procedure, remote controller will also exit the sleep curve setting. Sleep function will be disabled if the air conditioner is restarted after power failure; Sleep function can not be set in AUTO mode.DIY MODE - SLEEP 3You will be required to enter eight (8) room setpoint values for eight (8) hours of run time. The last room setpoint value will be maintained until sleep mode is cancelled.In Sleep Mode 3, press "Prog" button to enter setup mode. The remote controller will display “1:00” in the time location. Use the “+” and “-“ buttons to select the desired room setpoint for the first hour of run time. Then press the “Prog” button to save the setpoint.The remote controller time display will change to “2:00.” Once again, use the “+” and “-“ buttons to select the desired room setpoint for the second hour of run time, and press the “Prog” button to again save the setpoint.Repeat this sequence for the eight (8) room setpoint values. After all eight (8) values have beenentered, the remote controller will automatically revert to standard time and temperature display, and the Sleep 3 Mode will begin.At any time, you may press the “ON/OFF ," " Mode," " Timer," "Sleep” or “Turbo " buttons to cancel the Sleep 3 Mode.Use insulated object to press the Aux. button.OPERATION OF WIRELESS REMOTE CONTROLLERCHANGING BATTERIES AND ADDITIONAL NOTESTo change batteries, slide cover off battery compartment on back of remote controller. Remove and safely discard old batteries. Insert two new AAA 1.5V dry batteries, using correct polarity. Reattach back cover.NOTE:•If the remote controller will not be used for a long time, remove batteries to prevent leakage damage.•Be sure to aim the remote controller at the receiver of the main unit when operating.•When remote emits a signal, icon will flicker; a tone will be heard when unit receives that signal.DAMAGED OR LOST REMOTE CONTROLLERIf remote controller is lost or damaged, the Stealth system can be turned off directly from the indoor unit. Lift the front panel of the indoor wall unit, then press the AUX button to turn on or turn off. When the unit is on, it will operate in AUTO Mode.Removeold batteries Installnew batteriesCHANGING BATTERIESAux. ButtonPanelAIR FILTER CLEANINGChanging your air filter on a regular basis prevents many problems. Dirty air filters will affect the performance and the longevity of your unit. It is recommended that air filters be cleaned every three (3) months. To access and clean the filter:CARE AND CLEANINGFRONT PANEL CLEANINGWash the front panel using warm water and mild detergent with a soft cloth or soft brush.NOTE:Do not use bleach,abrasives or water above 110°F (45°C) as it may cause discoloration or damage to the surface of the unit.1.Open Front PanelFirmly grasp both sides of the front panel and pull upwardto about 60 degree angle. (NOTE:do not force panel open).2.Remove FilterRemove the filter as indicated in the figure at right.3. Clean FilterUse vacuum to clean the filter.When the filter is very dirty, use warm water (below 110°F )to clean it, and then dry filter before replacing.4.Reinstall FilterReinstall the filter and then close the panel cover tightly.ENERGY SAVING TIPS1. Reduce room setpoint at night:During the nighttime hours you don't require thesame level of conscious cooling or heating. Try using Sleep Mode to gradually relaxroom temperature and allow the unit to run less and save energy.2. Curtains and shades:In the summer, it is recommended to block the effects of thesun. Close window curtains and shades on the south and west side of your home tohelp block solar heat. In winter, the sun is your friend. Open curtains and shades toallow solar heat into your room.3. Close doors:If you don’t need to heat and cool your whole home, confine the heat-ing and cooling to one room by closing doors.4. Service the unit:Some basic maintenance might be all you need. The outdoor unitwill greatly benefit from a good hosing off, especially in treed areas where seeds andother debris can stick to coil fins and make the unit work up to 15% harder!5. Rearrange the room:Furniture that obstructs airflow means you could be heatingand cooling the back of a chair instead of the actual living space. Remove or rearrangeobstacles blocking airflow.6. Try 75 degrees:75°F is a good point for an air conditioner to run at its optimalperformance level. Even a 5-degree change in temperature can make your unit useup to 40% more energy.7. Lighting:Turning lights off can help reduce your heat. Each light bulb is a tiny heater.Your air conditioner must waste energy overcoming the heat from your lights to reachand hold your desired room temperature.8. Is anyone home?If possible, while you're away turn your unit to Auto mode andmake sure windows and curtains are closed. Although room temperature may be lessthan optimal for a few minutes when you return, the unit will soon have the roomback to your desired temperature.9. Don't forget the fan:The fan is much like a car. The faster it runs, the more energy ituses. Sometimes we need the car to go fast, but slow is good enough most of the time.Try saving money by using the comfortable quiet low fan speed as much as possible.21LIMITED WARRANTY STATEMENTFOR WARRANTY SERVICE OR REPAIR:Contact your installing contractor. Y ou may find the installer’s name on the equipment or in your Owner’s packet. Complete product registration below and send back by email to ***********************PRODUCT REGISTRATIONModel No.。

Glastender BDS 瓶子分解系统操作手册说明书

Glastender, Inc. · 5400 North Michigan Road · Saginaw, MI · 48604-9780 800.748.0423 · 989.752.4275 · Fax 989.752.4444 · B ottle D isintegration s ystemA Family Company Manufacturing In The USA Since 1969Glastender BDS Operation and Maintenance Video - /videos/This video describes the operation and general maintenance of the Glastender Bottle Disintegration System.IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONSWARNING – When using electric appliances, basic precautions should always be followed, including the following:a. Read all the instructions before using the appliance.b. To reduce the risk of injury, close supervision is necessary when an appliance is used near children.c. Do not contact moving parts.d. Only use attachments recommended or sold by the manufacturer.e. Do not use outdoors.f. – To disconnect, turn all controls to the off (“O”) position, then remove plug from outlet.– Do not unplug by pulling on cord. To unplug, grasp the plug, not the cord.– Unplug from outlet when not in use and before servicing or cleaning.– Do not operate any appliance with a damaged cord or plug, or after the appliance malfunctions oris dropped or damaged in any manner. Return appliance to the nearest authorized service facility forexamination, repair, or electrical or mechanical adjustment.g. For a grounded appliance – Connect to a properly grounded outlet only. See Grounding Instructions.h. To Reduce the Risk of Electric Shock – Connect to a receptacle that is protected by a ground fault circuitinterrupter (GFCI).SA VE THESE INSTRUCTIONSGROUNDING INSTRUCTIONSThis appliance must be grounded. In the event of malfunction or breakdown, grounding provides a path of least resistance for electric current to reduce the risk of electric shock. This appliance is equipped with a cord having an equipment-grounding conductor and a grounding plug. The plug must be plugged into an appropriate outlet that is properly installed and grounded in accordance with all local codes and ordinances. DANGER – Improper connection of the equipment-grounding conductor can result in a risk of electric shock. The conductor with insulation having an outer surface that is green with or without yellow stripes is the equipment-grounding conductor. If repair or replacement of the cord or plug is necessary, do not connect the equipment-grounding conductor to a live terminal. Check with a qualified electrician or serviceman if the grounding instructions are not completely understood, or if in doubt as to whether the appliance is properly grounded. Do not modify the plug provided with the appliance – if it will not fit the outlet, have a proper outlet installed by a qualified electrician.IMPORTANT !! Attention Service Companies IMPORTANT !!Please review the important warranty information on page 12. If you believe a service call should be coveredby the factory, please call the factory for authorization between 8AM and 5PM EST, Monday through Friday.i ntroDuctionW hat is a B ottle D isintegration s ystem ?This manual describes the operational features for the BDS model Bottle Disintegration System. Please review this information before attempting installation and operations. Long term, trouble-free operations will follow if good housekeeping and maintenance procedures are followed. Thank you for selecting Glastender, Inc. products.It is simply a piece of machinery that crushes or breaks down glass bottles, reducing the area needed to store empty containers and minimizing the volume for disposal purposes. When the ON/OFF switch is on, a motor will run causing the crusher bar to spin rapidly. Glass bottles are introduced into the machine through the bottle chute. When they come in contact with the crusher bar, they are reduced to small pieces of glass called cullet. The cullet falls down the drum and into the bucket in the bottom enclosure of the machine. For the machine to function normally:• The bucket must be in place and seated fully in the unit • The door must be closed • The covers must be in place• The crusher bar must be spinning at top speed (allow a minimum of 3 seconds before inserting a bottle)The BDS is shipped fully assembled in one carton.Refer to photo right to identify the following:1. Top cover 2. Door3. Chute opening4. Baffles5. Indicator lights and ON/OFF switch6. CastersStart-up instructions:1. Remove all packaging from around the main section.2. Remove BDS unit from wood pallet and place on a firm, level surface.3. Remove all plastic protective paper from all stainless steel parts.4. The BDS must be installed in accordance with local country electrical codes. A standard electrical supply (120V AC only, 60HZ, 9.0A), properly grounded in accordance with the National Electrical Code and local codes and ordinances, is required.5. Plug in BDS, place in position. BDS unit should be placed up to a wall against the back bumpers (see Figure 1).6. Lock the front casters, open the door, and assure that the bucket is fully seated in the unit.Electrical: 120 V single phase, 60 Hz, 9' grounded cord included. A dedicated 15 amp circuit is recommended. Power requirements - 9.0 amps.1. Unit must be located on a firm and level surface.2. A 1/2" clearance above top is required for proper air flow to avoid overheating the motor.3. Unit must be installed in an area protected from the elements such as rain, water spray, or drips.4. Unit must NOT be located next to ovens, grills, or other high heat sources.Figure 11. Do NOT reach into the bottle chute while machine is running and plugged in.2. Do NOT attempt to un-jam or repair the machine while it is plugged in.3. Do NOT reach into the drum opening while the machine is running and plugged in.4. Do NOT place plastic bags in the bucket.5. Only use bucket supplied.6. Do NOT place metal caps, plastics, or ceramics into the Bottle Chute.7. Do NOT put hand into the bucket and into cullet.8. Only Glastender, Inc. replacement parts should be used. Components from othersuppliers may result in machine malfunctions.Operating instructions:1. Turn the machine on by toggling the ON/OFF switch. The green light will illuminate to signify the unitis on and running. Wait a minimum of three (3) seconds for the crusher bar to reach maximum speed.2. Feed a bottle through the top chute opening. A quick thrust is required to get the bottle through thechute baffles. If desired, you may slowly feed one bottle using the next bottle to push it through the chute. NOTE: Although it is safe for your fingertips to be inserted through the top rubber baffles, do NOT reach your hand into the bottle chute!3. Turn the machine off by toggling the ON/OFF switch when done crushing bottles. NOTE: If youintend to remove the bucket, wait a minimum of 60 seconds for the glass particles to settle.4. Periodically remove the bucket to verify fill level to prevent overflowing.If the red light is on, turn the machine off and check the following:1. Is the bucket properly in place? Security feature: the unit will not operate when the bucket is not inplace. With the bucket handle facing out, move the bucket in place and properly seat into the unit. 2. Is the door closed? Security feature: the unit will not operate if the door is open. Close the doorcompletely.NOTE: For additional assistance please refer to the Trouble Shooting Guide on page 11.General Cleaning and Care Instructions for Stainless Steel:IMPORTANT: Always follow label instructions on cleaning products. Soap, water and a soft cloth or sponge are suggested first unless otherwise noted.Stainless steel will stain or rust if not cared for properly. Please pay attention to the following guidelines:1. Use the proper tools – Use non-abrasive tools, such as a soft cloth or plastic cleaning pad. NEVERuse steel wool pads, soap filled scouring pads, abrasive cleaners, cleaners containing chlorine, Cooktop Polishing Creme, or gritty washcloths.2. Clean with the polish lines – Always scrub in a direction that is parallel to the grain or lines in thestainless steel.3. Clean regularly – Make cleaning easier by doing so frequently to avoid build-up of hard, stubbornstains. Use alkaline, alkaline chlorinated, or non-chloride containing cleaners.4. Rinse and wipe – Anytime chemicals are used to clean stainless steel, make sure to rinse afterward withclean water and wipe away any standing water.5. Never use hydrochloric acid (muriatic acid) on stainless steel.Recommended cleaners for specific situations:Stainless steel needs to be cleaned for aesthetic considerations and to preserve corrosion resistance. Stainless steel actually thrives with frequent cleaning, and, unlike some other materials, it is impossible to “wear out” stainless steel by excessive cleaning.Routine cleaning - Use warm water, liquid detergent, ammonia, or all-purpose cleaner. Apply with soft cloth or sponge. Rinse with clean water and dry with a soft cloth.Food spills - Clean Immediately. Use a stainless steel cleaner and polish. Apply with a soft cloth or sponge. Fingerprints and smears - Use a stainless steel cleaner and polish or glass cleaner. Apply with a soft cloth or sponge.Hard water spots - Remove with vinegar. Apply with a soft cloth or sponge.Daily Cleaning:1. Turn off unit. Wait 60 seconds before opening door.2. Open door, remove bucket, and empty cullet.3. Replace bucket and shut door.4. Clean outside of unit per General Cleaning and Care Instructions for Stainless Steel above.5. Use a damp cloth to wipe down the top rubber gasket of the bottle chute.Odor Control Cleaning:Use one or a combination of the following steps as needed to control odor.A. Introduce a multipurpose, water-soluble, malodor counteractant, such as Disappear® by Franklin Mainte-nance Products. Note: NEVER use chlorine.1. Pour a few drops of malodor counteractant down the chute opening or pour some in a bottle prior tocrushing.B. Clean interior surfaces:1. Turn off unit. Wait 60 seconds before opening door.2. Open door, remove bucket, and empty cullet.3. Rinse out bucket with hot, soapy water.4. Vacuum out interior of bottom enclosure.5. Clean interior of unit per General Cleaning and Care Instructions for Stainless Steel, page 5.6. Replace bucket and shut door.C. Clean bottle chute (NOTE: Reference page 8 for bottle chute assembly diagram):1. Unplug unit.2. Remove Top Cover by removing eight (8) screws and lifting off the top cover.3. To clean the bottle chute:a. Disconnect the safety switch.b. Remove the eight (8) screws and nuts (4 each) for Top Cover of Bottle Chute to Small Tube Weldmentand for Small Tube Weldment to Large Tube Weldment.c. Remove the rubber and plastic gaskets and wash with warm, soapy water.d. CAUTION: Do NOT get electrical components wet! Clean per General Cleaning and Care Instructionsfor Stainless Steel, page 5.e. Re-assemble bottle chute. Note: The middle plastic gasket must be oriented with the star pattern offsetof the star pattern of the rubber gasket.f. Re-connect safety switch.4. Replace top cover and re-install eight (8) screws.5. Plug in unit.p rice Screw, 1/4-20 x 5/8", whiz lock, zinc (Qty. 4 required).50 each-20, large flange serrated nut (Qty. 8 required)171516242021319222326513231121829282625261710Glastender, Inc. • 5400 North Michigan Road • Saginaw, MI • 48604-9780800.748.0423 • 989.752.4275 • Fax 989.752.4444 • 220V p arts l ist11Glastender, Inc. • 5400 North Michigan Road • Saginaw, MI • 48604-9780800.748.0423 • 989.752.4275 • Fax 989.752.4444 • 12Glastender, Inc. • 5400 North Michigan Road • Saginaw, MI • 48604-9780800.748.0423 • 989.752.4275 • Fax 989.752.4444 • Glastender, Inc. warrants all products to be free of defects in mate-rial and workmanship. One-year labor and parts warranty applies to all glasswashers, self-contained refrigeration models, and BDS model bottle disintegration units. In established areas, a start up is included with GT-24 and GT-30 model glasswashers. Warranty is effective for one year from the date of installation or up to 18 months from date of factory shipment, whichever occurs sooner. Glastender, Inc. will replace any part or assembly found defective under normal use and service.For warranty labor claims beyond 15 months from the date of factory shipment, proof of date of installation or occupancy must be provided. Authorization for labor must be obtained from Glastender within the warranty period and prior to the service being bor warranty applies to the United States and Canada only.Remote refrigeration models and beer line chillers include a one-year parts warranty only. There is no labor warranty on these products.Field replacement parts not covered under the original warranty include a 90-day part warranty from the date of installation.FOUR YEAR ADDITIONAL COMPRESSOR WARRANTY: Glastender will warrant to the original user the compressor for all self-contained refrigeration models for an additional four years following the regular one-year warranty period. This plan applies to the compressor only.A completed warranty claim form MUST accompany all returned defec-tive parts or assemblies. Upon request, a defective part or assembly must be returned to Glastender, Inc., Saginaw, Michigan, with all transporta-tion and delivery charges prepaid. Warranty repairs or replacements will be shipped FOB factory in Saginaw, Michigan. Reimbursement for applicable freight charges covers ground service only.Glastender provides in-warranty repairs during a service company’s regular working days and hours. There is no provision for payment of a premium rate during “overtime” hours. When warranty service is requested during other than normal working hours, the end user will be charged the premium portion of the overtime rate.The warranty covers substantiated travel expenses for up to 2 hours / 100 miles round trip up to a maximum of $150. Any additional costs due to installations that require extra work, time, or travel to gain access for service are the sole responsibility of the equipment purchaser. Any exceptions to these travel and access limitations must be pre-approved by a factory representative.The warranty does not cover door gaskets, chemical tubing, pump squeeze tubing, and/or any equipment subjected to accidents, freight damage, alterations from the original design, improper power and/or plumbing hookups, improper chemical use, general misuse, or lack of routine required maintenance as determined by Glastender, Inc. Installation, normal control adjustments, general maintenance, correct-ing an installation error, or service calls that reveal the unit is function-ing normally will not be reimbursed under warranty.Condenser coils on self-contained refrigeration products must be cleaned regularly. Failure to provide adequate air flow to a refrigeration unit will void the warranty.Glastender shall not be liable for loss of use, revenue, or profit, or for any other indirect, incidental, special, or consequential damage includ-ing, but not limited to, product spoilage or loss.This warranty is conditioned upon Glastender receiving notice of any defect subject to this warranty within sixty (60) days of its discovery by the end user or dealer. All products are warranted only for the initial place of installation. Removal of a product automatically terminates this warranty.SECOND YEAR EXTENDED PARTS & LABOR WARRANTY:Glastender’s one-year parts and labor warranty on self-contained refrig-eration units, excluding beer line chillers, can be extended to two years with the purchase of a two year parts and labor warranty. Specify part number EWR2 ($150 net price) when ordering.EXPORT WARRANTY - One year parts only.EXCLUSION OF WARRANTIESEXCEPT AS PROVIDED ABOVE, GLASTENDER MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY , FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.LIMITATION OF REMEDIES AND DAMAGES If Buyer makes a valid and timely claim as outlined above, Glastender’s liability and Buyer’s remedies under this agreement will be limited solely to labor charges authorized and/or replacement or credit, at Glastender’s option, with respect to Products returned at Buyer’s expense within thir-ty (30) days after warranty repair. GLASTENDER’S LIABILITY WILL IN NO EVENT BE GREATER IN AMOUNT THAN THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THE RETURNED PRODUCTS. GLASTENDER WILL NOT BE LIABLE UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCE FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, LABOR COSTS EXCEPT AS COVERED UNDER OUR WARRANTY , LOST PROFITS OR THE LOSS OF PERISHABLE PRODUCTS RESULTING FROM THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE OUR PRODUCTS OR FROM OUR PRODUCTS’ INCORPORATION INTO OR BECOMING A COMPONENT OF ANY OTHER PRODUCT. NEITHER PARTY WILL HA VE ANY NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORT LIABILITY TO THE OTHER, OR TO ANY THIRD PARTY , ARISING FROM ANY BREACH OF THIS AGREEMENT.GOVERNING LAW - JURISDICTIONThe terms and conditions of an order are to be governed and construed according to the laws of the State of Michigan, without regard to conflict of laws principles. Buyer hereby consents to the jurisdiction and venue of the courts located in Saginaw County, Michigan.No representative, distributor, dealer, or any other person is authorized to modify this warranty. This warranty replaces all other written or verbal warranties.NOTE: Glastender, Inc.’s policy of constant quality improvement means that prices, specifications, and policies are subject to change without notice. Questions regarding this warranty should be directed to Glastender’s Warranty Administrator.04-19-17APPLICABLE TO ALL PRODUCTS SOLD WITHIN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA。

诺莱特GLD系列混音器V1.2及更高版本规格表说明书

GLD Specification For V1.2 and higher firmwareInputsXLR Mic/Line Inputs Balanced, (All XLR on GLD‐80 and AudioRacks) Mic/Line Preamp Fully recallableInput Sensitivity‐60 to +15dBuAnalogue Gain+5 to +60dB, 1dB stepsPad‐20dBMaximum Input Level+32dBuInput Impedance >4kΩ (Pad out), >10kΩ (Pad in)Mic/Line Channel noise 20‐20kHz, Direct Out @ unbalanced outMic EIN‐127dB with 150Ω sourceUnity gain (Pad in)‐90dBuLow gain (5dB, Pad out) ‐93dBuMid gain (30dB, Pad out) ‐89dBuMic/Line Channel THD+N 20‐20kHz, Direct Out @ unbalanced out Unity gain (Pad in)0.005% ‐86dBu @ 1kHz, 0dBu outputLow gain (5dB, Pad out) 0.003% ‐89dBu @ 1kHz, 0dBu outputMid gain (30dB, Pad out) 0.004% ‐88dBu @ 1kHz, 0dBu outputRCA Line Inputs Unbalanced (GLD‐80)Input Sensitivity‐24 to +24dBu, nominal 0dBuTrim+/‐24dB, recallableMaximum Input Level +18dBuInput Impedance>10kΩRCA channel Noise‐92dBu 20‐20kHzRCA channel THD+N0.0035% ‐90dBu @ 1kHz, 0dBu output OutputsXLR Outputs Balanced, Relay protectedOutput Impedance<75ΩNominal Output +4dBu = 0dB meter readingMaximum Output Level +22dBuResidual Output Noise ‐91dBu (muted, 20‐20kHz)RCA Line Outputs Balanced, Relay protectedOutput Impedance<75ΩNominal Output0dBu = 0dB meter readingMaximum Output Level+18dBuResidual Output Noise ‐94dBu (muted, 20‐20kHz)Digital Outputs48kHz sampling rateSPDIF RCA, 600mV, coax terminated input 75ΩAES3 2 ch XLR output XLR, 2.5Vpp balanced terminated 110 ΩSystemMeasured balanced XLR in to XLR out, 20‐20kHz, minimum Gain, Pad out Dynamic Range112dBSystem Signal to Noise‐90dBFrequency Response0/‐0.25dB @ 20Hz, 0/‐0.5dB @ 20kHz System peak level THD+N 0.0055% ‐68dBu @ +17dBu output, 1kHz System Line level THD+ N0.0022%, ‐84dBu @ +9dBu output, 1kHz Headroom+18dBInternal operating Level0dBudBFS Alignment+18dBu = 0dBFS (+22dBu at XLR output) Meter Calibration0dB meter = ‐18dBFS (+4dBu at XLR out) Meter Peak indication‐3dBFS (+19dBu at XLR out)Meter Type Fast (peak) responseSampling Rate48kHz +/‐100PPMADC24‐bit Delta‐SigmaDAC24‐bit Delta‐SigmaLatency 1.49ms (GLD‐80 local XLR in to XLR out)0.68ms (GLD‐80 local XLR in to digital out) USB Playback2 channel, WAV, FLAC 44.1/48kHzUSB Record2 channel, 48kHz / 16bit ‐ WAVI/O Port64 channel bi‐directionalCard Options A&H ACE, MADI, Dante, ES, Waves, MMO Operating Temperature0 deg C to 35 deg C (32 deg F to 95 deg F)Mains PowerGLD‐80100‐240V AC, 50/60Hz, 95W maxGLD‐112100‐240V AC, 50/60Hz, 110W maxGLD‐AR2412100‐240V AC, 50/60Hz, 70W maxGLD‐AR84100‐240V AC, 50/60Hz, 20W max Dimensions and WeightsGLD‐80 Mixer Width x Depth x HeightUnpacked730 x 577 x 159mm (28.7" x 22.7" x 6.2") Packed in shipping box930 x 730 x 290mm (36.6" x 28.6" x 11.4") Unpacked weight16.5kg (36lbs)Packed weight21.2kg ( 46.6lbs)GLD‐112 Mixer Width x Depth x HeightUnpacked1000 x 577 x 159mm (39.4" x 22.7" x 6.2")GLD‐AR2412 AudioRack Width x Depth x HeightUnpacked483 x 220 x 137mm (19" x 8.6" x 5.4") 3U rack Packed in shipping box600 x 350 x 250mm (23.6" x 13.7" x 9.8" Unpacked weight5kg (11lbs)Packed weight 6.4kg (14lbs)GLD‐AR2412 AudioRack Width x Depth x HeightUnpacked483 x 220 x 48mm (19" x 8.6" x 1.9") 1U rack Packed in shipping box600 x 330 x 143mm (23.6" x 12.9" x 5.6") Unpacked weight3kg (6.6lbs)Packed weight 4.4kg (9.7lbs)ControlTouch Screen8.4" TFT, 800x600 resolutionFaders100mm motorisedGLD‐80 Fader Strips2 Banks (12,8), 4 Layers = 80x stripsGLD‐112 Fader Strips3 Banks (12,8,8), 4 Layers = 112x stripsStrip Display LCD per strip, assignable backlight colours SoftKeys10 assignableMIDI MIDI In and OutNetwork TCP/IP EthernetInput Processing48 Processing Channels Mono = 1‐44, Stereo = 45/46, 47/48Trim +/‐24dB digital trimPolarity Normal/ReverseHigh Pass Filter 12dB/octave 20Hz – 2kHzInsert Assign to any sockets, In/Out, +4dBu/‐10dBV level Delay Up to 85ms, Bypass switchInput global setting ‐ ms, feet, meters, samples GateSidechain Self key, In/Out, Sel 'listen'Sidechain Lo‐Cut Filter12dB/octave, Freq 20Hz – 5kHzSidechain Hi‐Cut Filter12dB/octave, Freq 120Hz – 20kHzThreshold‐72dBu to +12dBuDepth0 to 60 dBAttack50us to 300msHold10ms to 5sRelease10ms to 1sPEQType4‐Band fully parametric, +/‐15dBFrequency Range Global setting for Inputs = 20‐20kHz or 'Analogue' Analogue Ranges20‐200Hz, 35‐1kHz, 500‐15kHz, 2k‐20kHzBand 1Selectable LF Shelving, Bell, Hi‐PassBand 2BellBand 3BellBand 4Selectable HF Shelving, Bell, Lo‐PassBell Width Non‐constant Q, variable, 1.5 to 1/9th octave Shelving Type Classic BaxandallHi‐Pass, Lo‐Pass Filter12dB/octaveCompressorSidechain Self key, In/Out, Sel 'listen'Sidechain Lo‐Cut Filter12dB/octave, Freq 20Hz – 5kHzSidechain Hi‐Cut Filter12dB/octave, Freq 120Hz – 20kHzThreshold‐46dBu to 18dBuRatio1:1 to infinityAttack300us – 300msRelease100ms – 2sKnee Soft/HardManual Types Peak Manual, RMS ManualAuto Types VocalAuto, OptoAuto, PunchBagChannel Direct Out Individual Trim (per channel)Options Source, follow Fader, follow Mute (global for all) Mix Processing20 Mix Channels Configure as mono/stereo Groups, Aux, Main, MatrixMains = None, LR, LCR. LR+M(bus), LR+M(sum) External Input Assignable sourceTrim+/‐24dB digital trimPolarity Normal/ReverseInsert Assign to any sockets, In/Out, +4dBu/‐10dBV level Delay Up to 170ms, Bypass switchMix global setting ‐ ms, feet, meters, samplesGEQType Constant 1/3 octave, 28 bands 31Hz ‐16kHzGain+/‐12dBGEQ Fader Flip Mode2 overlapping frequency banks on strip fadersSEL key resets frequency band to 0dBRTA following PAFL is displayed on strip meters PEQType4‐Band fully parametric, +/‐15dBFrequency Range Global setting for Mixes = 20‐20kHz or 'Analogue' Analogue Ranges20‐200Hz, 35‐1kHz, 500‐15kHz, 2k‐20kHzBand 1Selectable LF Shelving, Bell, Hi‐PassBand 2BellBand 3BellBand 4Selectable HF Shelving, Bell, Lo‐PassBell Width Non‐constant Q, variable, 1.5 to 1/9th octave Shelving Type Classic BaxandallHi‐Pass, Lo‐Pass Filter12dB/octaveCompressorSidechain Self key, In/Out, Sel 'listen'Sidechain Lo‐Cut Filter12dB/octave, Freq 20Hz – 5kHzSidechain Hi‐Cut Filter12dB/octave, Freq 120Hz – 20kHzThreshold‐46dBu to 18dBuRatio1:1 to infinityAttack300us – 300msRelease100ms – 2sKnee Soft/HardManual Types Peak Manual, RMS ManualAuto Types VocalAuto, OptoAuto, PunchBagfilter in/out with sel ‘listen’FX ProcessingInternal FX8x RackFX engineTypes Reverbs, Delays, Modulators, Sub‐harmonics,Pitch Shift, Rotary Speaker, De‐EsserMode Send>Return, Inserted, Daisy Chain FXFX 'Short' Return Channels8 Stereo dedicated returns Adds to inputs for up to 56 sources to the mix Controls Fader, Pan, Mute, Routing to Grp, Aux, FX, MainFX Return PEQ Same as Input Channel PEQTalkback Assignable sourceMode Latched/Momentary, PAFL Dim optionHigh Pass Filter12dB/octave, 20Hz‐2kHzRouting To Groups, Aux, Main, MatrixLevel Trim+/‐24dBSignal Generator Sine, White Noise, Pink Noise, Bandpass Noise Sine, Bandpass sweep20‐20kHzControls Level, MuteRouting To Groups, Aux, Main, MatrixRTA31‐Bands 1/3 octave 20‐20kHzSource Follows selected PAFL sourcePeak Band Indication Option to display dominant frequency。

GLD给煤机安装说明书

目录一、概述 (1)二、结构及工作原理 (2)三、甲带给料机的优点 (3)四、甲带给料机型号参数 (3)五、安装说明 (7)六、调试说明 (7)七、使用、维护与检修 (7)八、定货及提供服务说明 (9)一、概述我公司生产的甲带给料机是根据专利技术研制开发的新型产品，于2002年7月通过了山东科技厅组织的科技成果鉴定（鲁科成鉴字2002第341号），主要用于国民经济生产各部门物料传送系统中料仓的给料，克服了目前给料系统中广泛使用的往复式和振动式给料机的缺点，改间断给料方式为连续给料方式，变恒定给料量为根据用户需要，给料量动态连续可变，使给料系统更能满足高效、节能、环保的要求。

目前，料仓给料系统中所使用的给料机主要有K型往复式和振动式给料机（见煤矿机械设备选型手册和各生产厂产品样本），两种给料方式的给料机，其结构及工作原理是：在料仓下部设一导料槽，导料槽底板为活动式，用一动力装置带动底板循环往复运动，当底板向给料口方向运行时，物料随底板一起运动，完成给料过程；当底板向反方向运行时，物料在内压力及内外摩擦力的共同作用下，物料并不随底板一起运动；底板不断循环往复运动，仓内物料不断的被送往出料口。

两种给料方式的不同点是，给料频率和幅值及运动轨迹的不同。

K型往复式给料机的缺点是：给料机底板在回程中需承受物料很大的摩擦力，所以需要较大的驱动功率，能耗大；由于功率大，结构受力也大，设备重量大；由于给料过程是往复运动，设备振动大，噪音也大；由于结构受力大，运动件磨损快，维修量大；由于给料不连续，生产率较低。

振动式给料机的缺点是：由于给料频率高，噪音也大；由于是靠高频振动给料，其振幅和频率受物料粒度及比重影响较大，所以给料量不稳定，给料量的调整也比较困难；由于是靠振动给料，给料机必须起振并稳定在一定的频率和振幅，但振动参数对底板受力状态很敏感，故底板不能承受较大的仓压，需增加仓下导料槽的长度，结果是增加了料仓的整体高度，使工程投资加大；由于给料高度加大，无法用于替换目前大量使用的K型往复式给料机。

Opengl4.5中文手册—A

Opengl4.5中⽂⼿册—A因为opengl API ⽐较庞⼤，⽹络上还没有完整的、较新的opengl中⽂⼿册这对很多⼈很不⽅便，所以整理了这⼀系列，⽤于帮助⼤家"快速浏览最新的opengl api”为了保障这⼀⽬的（同时也减少⼯作量），本系列对原⽂做了很⼤的简化不过所做的的简化都尽量保证不影响原⽂的知识⾯，必要时还做了些扩展以帮助理解如果阅读时觉的那个条⽬错误或者不⽅便理解，欢迎留⾔，我看到后会修改和补充版本基于opengl 4.5，原本4.5是最终版本号，不过现在刚⼜推出了些新的4.6扩展，这对api并不影响索引AglActiveShaderProgram 4.1设置活动的管线程序GLuint pipelineGluint program 将program设置为pipeline的当前活动程序，可以⽤于接受glUniformXX设置如果使⽤了glUseProgram，则使⽤glUseProgram指定的程序，即glUseProgram级别⾼于当前绑定的pipeline关联的program glActiveTexture 2.0+GLenum texture:GL_TEXTUREn激活纹理单元，⽤于多纹理混合，默认为GL_TEXTURE0，2.0要求最少2个，4.5最少80个glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0); // 先激活纹理单元，后绑定纹理glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);glAttachShader 2.0+GLuint programGLuint shader 将shader关联到program对shader的操作都可以在关联前或者关联后进⾏，⽐如你可以在关联到program之后再load shader source。

⼀个程序可以关联多个shader，⼀个shader也可以关联到多个程序，以便共享函数。

调⽤glDeleteShader删除shader时，仅做删除标记，当使⽤glDetachShader将其从所有关联的程序分离后才真正删除。

《GLD高频问题集》word版

文档供参考，可复制、编制，期待您的好评与关注！目录图形算量GCL2008 (3)一、工程设置 (3)二、绘图输入 (3)2.1轴网 (3)2.2结构构件 (3)2.3建筑构件 (4)2.4装修 (5)2.5基础 (5)2.7表格输入 (6)三、报表预览 (6)四、其他操作 (6)钢筋算量GGJ2009 (8)一、工程设置 (8)二、绘图输入 (8)三、报表 (11)四、其他 (11)五、汇总计算报错 (13)钢筋算量GGJ10.0 (14)一、工程设置 (14)二、绘图输入 (14)2.1柱 (14)2.2墙+门窗洞 (15)2.4梁 (17)2.5板 (18)2.6基础 (19)三、报表预览 (19)四、其他操作 (20)计价软件GBQ4.0（清单模式） (22)一、分部分项 (22)二、措施项目 (23)三、其他项目 (23)四、人材机汇总+主要材料 (23)五、费用汇总 (23)六、报表 (24)七、其他操作 (24)计价软件GBQ4.0（定额模式） (26)一、预算书 (26)二、人材机汇总表 (27)三、费用汇总 (27)四、报表 (29)四、其他操作 (30)文档供参考，可复制、编制，期待您的好评与关注！计价软件GBG8.0(定额模式) (32)CAD导图专题 (34)一、CAD导图功能详解 (34)二、CAD导图的技巧和流程应用 (39)安装算量GIQ2009 (44)一、导入CAD图常见问题 (44)二、软件操作中的识别顺序 (45)三、软件操作中的常见问题 (45)广联达软件安装协助指导操作 (46)软件卸载： (47)软件安装： (47)文档供参考，可复制、编制，期待您的好评与关注！图形算量GCL2008一、工程设置1、 GCL2008图形软件如何区分定额模式和清单模式？解决方法：① 只选择了定额规则和定额库就是-----定额模式。

② 只选择清单规则和清单库就是-----清单（招标）模式。

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对，我们还需要一个连接器。

请不要误会，gld并不只能运行在unix/linux系统下面。

GCC的windows版本djgpp带有ld的windows版本，可以通过互联网免费下载。

希望这篇文档能对大家有所帮助，谢谢。

标题: GLD中文手册--(一)使用ld********本文档介绍GNU连接器ld的2.14版本.本文档在GNU自由文档许可证下发行.在"GNU自由文档许可证"一章中有关于本许可证的一份拷贝.概述********'ld'把一定量的目标文件跟档案文件连接起来,并重定位它们的数据,连接符号引用.一般,在编译一个程序时,最后一步就是运行'ld'.'ld'能接受连接命令语言文件,这是一种用AT&T的连接编辑命令语言的超集写成的文件,用来在连接的整个过程中提供显式的,全局的控制.本版本的'ld'使用通用BFD库来操作目标文件.这就允许'ld'读取,合并,写入目标文件时,可以使用各种不同的格式,比如,COFF或'a.out'. 不同的格式可以被连接到一起产生一个有效的目标文件.除了它的灵活性,GNU连接器比其它连接器更有用的地方在于它提供了诊断信息. 许多连接器在碰到一个错误的时候立即放弃执行;但'ld'却能够继续执行,以让你发现其他的错误(或者,在某些情况下,得到一个带有错误的输出文件)引用**********GNU连接器'ld'能够处理大量的不同情况,并且跟其他的连接器保持尽可能的兼容.这样,你就拥有更多的选择来控制它的行为.命令行选项====================连接器提供大量的命令行选项,但是,在实际使用中,只有少数被经常使用.比如,'ld'的一个经常的使用场合是在一个标准的Unix系统上连接标准的Unix目标文件.在这样的一个系统上,连接文件'hello.o'如下:ld -o OUTPUT /lib/crt0.o hello.o -lc这告诉'ld'产生一个叫OUTPUT的文件,作为连接文件'/lib/crt0.o'和'hello.o'和库'libc.a'的结果.'libc.a'来自标准的搜索路径.(参阅下文的关于'-l'选项的讨论).有些命令行选项可以在命令行的任何位置出现.但是,那些带有文件名的选项,比如'-l'或者'-T',会让文件在选项出现的位置上被读取. 对于非文件选项,以带不同的参数重复它,不会有进一步的效果,或者覆盖掉前面的相同项.那些多次出现时具有特殊含义的选项会在下文的描述中指出.无参数选项是那些被连接的目标文件和档案文件.它们可能紧随命令行选项,或在它们前面,或者跟它们夹杂在一起,但是一个目标文件参数是不会出现在一个选项跟它的参数之间的.通常,连接器至少引用一个目标文件,但是你可指定其它形式的二进制输入文件,这可以通过'-l','-R'或者脚本命令语言来实现.如果没有任何二进制文件被指定,连接器不会产生任何输出,并给出信息:"缺少输入文件."如果连接器不能识别目标文件的格式,它会假设这些只是连接脚本.以这种方式指定的脚本增加了连接用的主连接脚本的内容(主连接脚本即缺省连接脚本或使用'-T'指定的脚本). 这个特性可以允许连接器连接一些文件,它们看上去既像目标文件,又像档案文件,但实际上只是定义了一些符号值,或者使用'INPUT'或'GROUP'来载入其它的目标文件.需要注意的是,用这种方式指定一个脚本只是增加了主连接脚本的内容;要完全替换掉主连接脚本,需要使用'-T'.对于名称是单个字符的选项,选项参数必须紧跟在选项字母后面,中间不留空,或者也可留有一个空格.对于名称是多个字符的选项,选项前可以有一个或两个破折号;比如,'-trace-symbol'和`--trace-symbol'是等价的. 注意,对于这条规则有一个例外.那些以小写字母'o'开头的多字符选项前面只能是两个破折号,这是为了避免跟选项'-o'混淆. 比如'-omagic'把输出文件的名字定为'magic',而'--omagic'在输出文件中设置NMAGIC标志.多字符选项的参数必须跟选项名间以一个等于号分开,或者以一个空格分开.比如:`--trace-symbol foo'和`--trace-symbol=foo'是等价的. 多字符选项的名字唯一缩写符也是可以被接受的.注意,如果连接器通过被编译器驱动来间接引用(比如gcc), 那所有的连接器命令行选项前必须加上前缀'-Wl'(或者能被特定编译器驱动接受的其他前缀),就像下面这样:gcc -Wl,--startgroup foo.o bar.o -Wl,--endgroup这很重要,因为否则的话,编译器驱动程序会默认丢掉这些连接选项,产生一个错误的连接.下面是关于被GNU连接器接受的常用命令行开关的一个列表:`-aKEYWORD'这个选项在HP/UX兼容系统上被支持. 参数KEYWORD必须是下面字符串中的一个 :`archive', `shared', or `default'. `-aarchive'在功能上跟`-Bstatic'相同,而另外两个关键字功能上跟`-Bdynamic'相同. 这个选项可被多次使用.`-AARCHITECTURE'`--architecture=ARCHITECTURE'在最近发行版本的'ld'中,这个选项只在Intel 960系列架构上有用. 在那种'ld'配置中,参数ARCHITECTURE确定960系列的某一特定架构,启用某些安全措施,并修改档案库的搜索路径.将来的'ld'发行版可能为其它架构系列支持相似的功能.`-b INPUT-FORMAT'`--format=INPUT-FORMAT''ld'可以被配置为支持多于一种的目标文件.如果你的'ld'以这种方式被配置,你可以使用'-b'选项为输入目标文件指定二进制格式. 就算'ld'被配置为支持可选目标格式,你不必经常指定这一项,因为'ld'被配置为在每一台机子上把最常用的格式作为默认输入格式. INPUT-FORMAT是一个字符串, 你可能在连接一个不常用的二进制格式文件时需要这个参数.你也可使用'-b'来显式切换格式(在连接不同格式的目标文件时),方法是在每一组特定格式的目标前使用'-b INPUT-FORMAT'.缺省的格式是从环境变量'GNUTARGET'中得到的.你也可以从一个脚本中定义输入格式,使用的命令是'TARGET'.`-c MRI-COMMANDFILE'`--mri-script=MRI-COMMANDFILE'为了跟MRI生产的连接器兼容,'ld'接受另一种用受限命令语言写成的脚本文件,通过选项'-c'引入MRI脚本文件;使用'-T'选项是运行用普通'ld'脚本语言写的连接脚本.如果MRI-CMDFILE不存在,'ld'在'-L'指定的目录中寻找.`-d'`-dc'`-dp'这三个选项是等价的; 多字符形式是为了跟其他连接器兼容才被支持的.它们给普通符号分配空间,即使一个重定位输出文件已经被指定(通过'-r'). 脚本命令`FORCE_COMMON_ALLOCATION'具有同样的效果.`-e ENTRY'`--entry=ENTRY'使用符号ENTRY作为你的程序的开始执行点,而不是使用缺省的进入点.如果没有叫做ENTRY的符号,连接器会企图把ENTRY作为一个数字进行分析,并使用它作为入口地址(数字会被解释为10进制的;你可以使用前导的'0x'强制为16进制,或'0'作为8进制.)`-E'`--export-dynamic'当创建一个动态连接的可执行程序时, 把所有的符号加到动态符号表中.动态符号表是一个符号集,这些符号对于运行时的动态对象是可见的.如果你不使用这个选项,动态符号表中就会只含有那些连接进来的动态对象中用到的符号如果你使用'dlopen'来载入动态对象,它需要引用程序中的符号,那你可能需要在连接程序时用到这个选项.你也可以使用版本脚本来控制哪些符号应当被加到动态符号表中.`-EB'连接big-endian对象. 这会影响缺省输出格式.`-EL'连接little-endian对象. 这会影响缺省输出格式.`-g'忽略. 为了跟其它工具兼容而提供.`-i'执行一个增量连接(跟'-r'等同)`-init NAME'当创建一个ELF可执行文件或共享对象时,当可执行文件或共享对象被加载时,调用NAME, 这是通过把DT_INIT设置成函数的地址实现的. 缺省情况下,连接器使用'_init'作为调用的函数.`-lARCHIVE'`--library=ARCHIVE'增加一个档案文件ARCHIVE到连接的文件列表中.这个选项可以被多次使用. 'ld'会为每一个指定的ARCHIVE搜索它的路径列表,寻找`libARCHIVE.a' 对于支持共享库的系统, 'ld'可能还会搜索扩展名不是'.a'库.特别的,在ELF和SunOS系统上,'ld'会在搜索带有'.a'扩展名的库前搜索带'.so'扩展名的库.`-M'`--print-map'打印一个连接位图到标准输出.一个连接位图提供的关于连接的信息有如下一些:* 目标文件和符号被映射到内存的哪些地方.* 普通符号如何被分配空间.* 所有被连接进来的档案文件,还有导致档案文件被包含进来的那个符号.`-n'`--nmagic'关闭所有节的页对齐,如果可能,把输出格式标识为'NMAGIC'.`-N'`--omagic'把text和data节设置为可读写.同时,取消数据节的页对齐,同时,取消对共享库的连接.如果输出格式支持Unix风格的magic number, 把输出标志为'OMAGIC'.`--no-omagic'这个选项执行的操作大部分正好跟'-N'相反.它设置text节只读,强制data 节页对齐. 但是,这个选项并不开启连接共享库的功能. 使用'-Bdynamic'开启这个功能.`-o OUTPUT'`--output=OUTPUT'使用OUTPUT作为'ld'产生的程序的名字;如果这个选项没有指定,缺省的输出文件名是'a.out'.脚本命令'OUTPUT'也可以被用来指定输出文件的文件名.`-O LEVEL'如果LEVEL是一个比0大的数值, 'ld'优化输出.这可能会明显多占用时间,所以只有在生成最后的文件时使用.`-q'`--emit-relocs'把重定位节和内容留在完全连接后的可执行文件中. 连接分析和优化工具可能需要这些信息用来进行正确的修改与执行. 这在大的可执行文件中有用.这个选项目前只支持ELF平台.`-r'`--relocateable'产生可重定位的输出, 比如,产生一个输出文件它可再次作为'ld'的输入.这经常被叫做"部分连接".作为一个副作用,在支持标准Unix魔数的环境中,这个选项会把输出文件的魔数设置为'OMAGIC'. 如果这个选项没有被指定,一个绝对文件就会被产生.当连接C++程序时,这个选项就不会解析构造函数的引用;要解析,必须使用'-Ur'如果输入文件跟输出文件的格式不同,只有在输入文件不含有重定位信息的时候部分连接才被支持.输出格式不同的时候会有更多的限制.比如,有些'a.out'的格式在输入文件是其他格式的时候完全不支持部分连接.这个选项跟'-i'等效.`-R FILENAME'`--just-symbols=FILENAME'从FILENAME中读取符号名跟它们的值,但不重位这个文件,或者根本不把它包含在输出文件中.这就允许你的输出文件引用其它程序中定义的绝对内存地址.你可以多次使用这个选项.为了跟其他ELF连接器兼容,如果'-R'选项后面跟有一个目录名,而不是一个文件名,它会被处理成'-rpath'选项.`-s'`--strip-all'忽略输出文件中所有的符号信息.`-S'`--strip-debug'忽略输出文件中所有的调试符号信息(但不是所有符号).`-t'`--trace'打印'ld'处理的所有输入文件的名字.`-T SCRIPTFILE'`--script=SCRIPTFILE'把SCRIPTFILE作为连接脚本使用. 这个脚本会替代'ld'的缺省连接脚本(而不是增加它的内容),所以命令文件必须指定所有需要的东西以精确描述输出文件.如果SCRIPTFILE在当前目录下不存在,'ld'会在'-L'选项指定的所有目录下去寻找.多个'-T'选项会使内容累积.`-u SYMBOL'`--undefined=SYMBOL'强制SYMBOL在输出文件中作为一个无定义的符号被输入.这样做会有一些效果,比如,会引发从标准库中连接更多的模块. '-u'可以以不同的参数反复使用,以输入多个无定义的符号.这个选项跟连接脚本命令中的'EXTERN'是等效的.`-Ur'对于不是C++的程序,这个选项跟'-r'是等效的: 它产生可重定位的输出,比如,一个输出文件它可以再次作为'ld'的输入. 当连接C++程序时,'-Ur'解析构造函数的引用,跟'-r'不同. 但如果在一些用'-Ur'连接过的文件上再次使用'-Ur',它不会工作,因为一旦构造函数表被建立,它不能被添加内容.请只在最后一遍连接的时候使用'-Ur', 对其它的,只使用'-r'.`--unique[=SECTION]'对于所有匹配SECTION的输入节,在输出文件中都各自创建单独的节,或者,如果可选的通配符SECTION参数丢失了,为每一个孤儿输入节创建一个输出节. 一个孤儿节是一个连接脚本中没有指定的节.你可以在命令行上多次使用这个选项; 阻止对同名输入节的合并,在连接脚本中重载输出节分配.`-v'`--version'`-V'显示'ld'的版本. '-V'选项同时会列出支持的模拟器.`-x'`--discard-all'删除所有的本地符号.`-X'`--discard-locals'删除所有的临时本地符号.对于大多数目标平台,就是所有的名字以'L'开头的本地符号.`-y SYMBOL'`--trace-symbol=SYMBOL'打印出所有SYMBOL出现的被连接文件的名字. 这个选项可以被多次使用. 在很多系统中,这在预先确定底线时很有必要.当你拥有一个未定义的符号,但不知道这个引用出自哪里的时候,这个选项很有用.`-Y PATH'为缺省的库搜索路径增加一条路径.这个选项是为了跟Solaris兼容.`-z KEYWORD'能被识别的关键字包括'initfirst', 'interpose', 'loadfltr',`nodefaultlib', `nodelete', `nodlopen', `nodump', `now',`origin',`combreloc', `nocombreloc' and `nocopyreloc'. 为了跟Solaris兼容,所有其它的关键字都被忽略. 'initfirst'标志一个对象,使它在运行时,在所有其他对象之前被初始化. 'interpose'标志一个对象,使它的符号表放在所有其他符号之前,作为主要的执行者. 'loadfltr'标志一个对象,使它的过滤器在运行时立即被处理.'nodefaultlib'标志一个对象,使在搜索本对象所依赖的库时,忽略所有缺省库搜索路径. 'nodelete'标志一个对象,使它在运行时不会被从内存中删除.'nodlopen'标志一个对象,使这个对象不可以通过'dlopen'载入.'nodump'标志一个对象,使它不能被'dldump'转储. 'now'标志一个对象,使它成为非懒惰运行时绑定对象. 'origin'标志一些可能含有$ORIGIN 的对象,'defs'不允许无定义符号. 'muldefs'允许重定义. 'comberloc'组合多个重定位节,重新排布它们,让动态符号可见. 'nocomberloc'使多个重定位节组合无效. 'nocopyreloc'使重定位拷贝后的结果无效.--标题: GLD中文手册--(二)`-( ARCHIVES -)'`--start-group ARCHIVES --end-group'ARCHIVES应当是一个关于档案文件的列表. 它们可以是显式的文件名,或者'-l'选项.这些指定的档案文件会被多遍搜索,直到没有新的无定义引用被创建. 通常,一个档案文件只会被搜索一次. 但如果这个档案文件中的一个符号需要被用来解析一个档案中的目标引用到的无定义的符号,而这个符号在命令行上的后面某个档案文件中出现, 连接器不能解析这个引用. 把这些档案文件分组后,它们都可被反复搜索直到所有可能的引用都被解析了为止.使用这个选项有一个很大的运行开销. 只有在无法避免在多个档案文件中使用循环引用时才用它.`--accept-unknown-input-arch'`--no-accept-unknown-input-arch'告诉连接器接受那些架构不能被识别的输入文件. 但前提假设是用户知道他们在做什么,并且是故意要连接这些未知的输入文件. 在版本2.14之前,这个是连接器的缺省行为. 从版本2.14以后的,缺省行为是拒绝这类输入文件, 所以`--accept-unknown-input-arch'选项被用来恢复旧的行为.`-assert KEYWORD'这个选项被忽略,只是用来跟SunOS保持兼容.`-Bdynamic'`-dy'`-call_shared'连接动态链接库. 这个仅仅在支持共享库的平台上有用.在这些平台上,这个选项通常是默认行为. 这个选项的不同形式是为了跟不同的系统保持兼容. 你可以在命令行上多次使用这个选项:它影响紧随其后的'-l'选项的库搜索.`-Bgroup'在动态节的'DT_FLAGS_1'入口上设置'DF_1_GROUP'标志.这会让运行时连接器在处理在这个对象和它的相关部分搜索时只在组中. '--no-undefined'是隐式的. 这个选项只在支持共享库的ELF平台上有用.`-Bstatic'`-dn'`-non_shared'`-static'不连接共享库. 这个仅仅在支持共享库的平台上有用. 这个选项的不同形式是为了跟不同的系统保持兼容. 你可以在命令行上多次使用这个选项:它影响紧随其后的'-l'选项的库搜索.`-Bsymbolic'当创建一个共享库时, 把对全局符号的引用绑定到共享库中的定义(如果有),通常, 一个连接共享库的程序重载共享库中的定义是可能的. 这个选项只在支持共享库的ELF平台上有用.`--check-sections'`--no-check-sections'让连接器在节地址被分配后不要去检查节地址是否重叠.通常,连接器会执行这种检查,如果它发现了任何重叠,它会产生相应的错误信息. 连接器知道也允许节的重叠. 缺省的行为可以使用命令行开关`--check-sections'来恢复.`--cref'输出一个交叉引用表. 如果一个连接器位图文件被产生, 交叉引用表被打印到位图文件. 否则, 它被打印到标准输出.表的格式相当的简单, 所以,如果需要,可以通过一个脚本很轻易地处理它. 符号是以名字被打印输出,存储. 对于每一个符号,给出一个文件名列表. 如果符号被定义了, 列出的第一个文件是符号定义的所在. 接下来的文件包含符号的引用.`--no-define-common'这个选项限制对普通符号的地址分配. 脚本命令`INHIBIT_COMMON_ALLOCATION'具有同等的效果.`--no-define-common'选项允许从输出文件的类型选择中确定对普通符号的地址分配; 否则, 一个非重定位输出类型强制为普通符号分配地址. 使用'--no-define-common'允许那些从共享库中引用的普通符号只在主程序中被分配地址. 这会消除在共享库中的无用的副本的空间, 同时,也防止了在有多个指定了搜索路径的动态模块在进行运行时符号解析时引起的混乱.`--defsym SYMBOL=EXPRESSION'在输出文件中建立一个全局符号,这个符号拥有一个EXPRESSION指定的绝对地址. 你可以多次使用这个选项定义多个符号. EXPRESSION支持一个受限形式的算术运算:你可以给出一个十六进制常数或者一个已存在符号的名字,或者使用'+'和'-'来加或减十六进制常数或符号. 如果你需要更多的表达式,可以考虑在脚本中使用连接器命令语言, 注意在SYMBOL,=和EXPRESSION之间不允许有空格.`--demangle[=STYLE]'`--no-demangle'这些选项控制是否在错误信息和其它的输出中重组符号名. 当连接器被告知要重组, 它会试图把符号名以一种可读的形式的展现: 如果符号被以目标文件格式使用,它剥去前导的下划线,并且把C++形式的符号名转换成用户可读的名字.不同的编译器有不同的重组形式. 可选的重组形式参数可以被用来为你的编译器选择一个相应的重组形式. 连接器会以缺省形式重组直至环境变量`COLLECT_NO_DEMANGLE'被设置. 这些选项可以被用来重载缺省的设置.`--dynamic-linker FILE'设置动态连接器的名字. 这个只在产生动态连接的ELF可执行文件时有效. 缺省的动态连接器通常是正确的; 除非你知道你在干什么,不要使用这个选项.`--embedded-relocs'这个选项只在连接MIPS嵌入式PIC代码时有效, 这些代码必须是由GNU的编译器跟汇编器通过-membedded-pic选项生成的. 它导致连接器产生一个表,这个表被用来在运行时重定位所有的被静态初始化为指针值的数据.`--fatal-warnings'把所有的警告视为错误.`--force-exe-suffix'确保输出文件有一个.exe后缀.如果一个被成功完整连接的输出文件不带有一个'.exe'或'.dll'后缀, 这个选项确保连接器把输出文件拷贝成带有'.exe'后缀的同名文件. 这个选项在使用微软系统来编译未经修改的Unix的makefile时很有用, 因为有些版本的windows不会运行一个不带有'.exe'后缀的映像.`--no-gc-sections'`--gc-sections'允许对未使用的输入节的碎片收集. 在不支持这个选项的平台上,被忽略. 这个选项不能跟 '-r'选项共存也不能被用来进行动态连接. 缺省行为可以用`--no-gc-sections'进行恢复.`--help'在标准输出上打印一个命令行选项概要,然后退出.`--target-help'打印一个所有目标平台相关的选项的概要,然后退出.`-Map MAPFILE'打印一个连接位图到文件MAPFILE中. 参阅上面关于'-M'选项的描述.`--no-keep-memory''ld'通常会以速度优先于内存使用的方式优化程序,这是通过把输入文件的符号表放在内存缓冲中实现的,这个选项告诉'ld'以内存使用优先来优化, 尽可能的减小符号表的重读. 这在'ld'在连接一个大文件时超出内存限制时有用.`--no-undefined'`-z defs'通常,当创建一个非符号共享库时, 无定义的符号允许出现,并留待运行时连接器去解决. 这个选项关闭这样的无定义符号的使用. 开关`--no-allow-shlib-undefined'控制共享对象被连接进共享库时的行为.`--allow-multiple-definition'`-z muldefs'通常,当一个符号被定义多次时, 连接器会报告一个致命错误. 这些选项允许重定义并且第一个定义被使用`--allow-shlib-undefined'`--no-allow-shlib-undefined'允许(缺省)或不允许无定义符号存在于共享对象中. 这个开关的设置会重载'--no-undefined',这里只关注共享对象. 这样,如果'--no-undefined'被设置,但'--no-allow-shlib-undefined'未被设置, 连锁反应是存在于规则对象文件中的无定义的符号会引起一个错误,但是在共享对象中的未定义的符号会被忽略.把`--allow-shlib-undefined'设置为缺省的原因是在连接时指定的共享对象并不一定是载入时可载入的那个,所以,符号可能要到载入时间才被解析.`--no-undefined-version'通常当一个符号有一个未定义的版本时,连接器会忽略它. 这个选项不允许符号有未定义的版本,并且碰到这种情况,会报告一个严重错误.`--no-warn-mismatch'通常, 如果你因为一些原因,企图把一些不匹配的输入文件连接起来的时候, 'ld'会给出一个错误,可能这些文件是因为由不同的处理器编译. 这个选项告诉'ld'应当对这样的错误默认允许. 这个选项必须小心使用.`--no-whole-archive'为后面的档案文件关闭'--whole-archive'选项的影响.`--noinhibit-exec'当一个可执行文件还可以使用时,就保留它. 通常,连接器如果在连接过程中遇到了错误,就不会产生输出文件;当它遇上错误时,它会退出而不写输出文件.`-nostdlib'仅搜索那些在命令行上显式指定的库路径. 在连接脚本中(包含在命令行上指定的连接脚本)指定的库路径都被忽略.`--oformat OUTPUT-FORMAT''ld'可以被配置为支持多于一种的目标文件. 如果你的'ld'以这种方式被配置,你可以使用'--oformat'选项来指定输出目标文件的二进制格式.就算'ld'被配置为支持多种目标格式,你也不必指定这个项,因为'ld'应当被配置为把最常用的输出格式作为默认格式. OUTPUT-FORMAT是一个文本串,是被BFD库支持的一个特定格式的名字.脚本命令'OUTPUT_FORMAT'也可以指定输出格式,但这个选项可以覆盖它.`-qmagic'这个选项被忽略,只是为了跟Linux保持兼容.`-Qy'这个选项被忽略,只是为了跟SVR4保持兼容.`--relax'一个机器相关的选项. 只有在少数平台上,这个选项被支持.在某些平台上,'--relax'选项在连接器解析程序中的地址时执行可能的全局优化, 比如松散地址模式和在输出文件中合成新的指令.在某些平台上,连接时全局优化会进行符号调试导致程序不能运行.在不支持这个选项的平台上,'--relax'被接受,但被忽略.`--retain-symbols-file FILENAME'只保留在FILENAME中列出的那些符号,丢弃所有其他的. FILENAME是一个简单地平坦模式文件, 一个符号占一行.这个选项在那些会逐步积累起一个大的全局符号表的系统中(比如 VxWorks)会很有用,它能有效地节约内存空间.'--retain-symbols-file'不丢弃未定义的符号,和需要重定位的符号.你可能在命令行上只指定'--retain-symbol-file'一次, 它覆盖'-s'和'-S'的功能.`-rpath DIR'为运行时库的搜索路径增加一个目录. 这个在连接带有共享库的ELF可执行文件时有用. '-rpath'的所有参数会被连接起来传递给运行时连接器, 运行时连接器在运行时用它们定位共享对象. '-rpath'选项在定位那些在连接参数指定的共享对象需要的共享对象时也很有用; 参阅关于'-rpath-link'选项的描述, 如果在连接一个ELF可执行文件时不使用'-rpath'选项,那些环境变量'LD_RUN_PATH'选项就会被使用.'-rptah'选项也可以使用在SunOS上. 缺省地,在SunOS上,连接器会从所有的'-L'选项中形成一个运行时搜索路径.如果使用了'-rpath'选项, 那运行时搜索路径就只从'-rpath'选项中得到, 忽略'-L'选项. 这在使用GCC时非常有用, 它会用上很多的'-L'选项,而这些路径很可能就是NFS挂上去的文件系统中.为了同ELF的连接器兼容, 如果'-R'选面后面跟有一个目录名, 而不是一个文件名,那它也会被处理成'-rpath'选项.`-rpath-link DIR'当在SunOS上使用ELF时,一个共享库可能会用到另一个共享库. 当'ld-share'把一个共享库作为一个输入文件连接时就有可能发生这种情况.当一个连接器在作非共享,不可重定位连接时,如果遇上这种依赖情况,它会自动定位需要的共享库,然后把它包含在连接中, 如果在这种情况中,它没有被显式包含, 那'-rpath-link'选项指定优先搜索的一组路径名.。

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