单元自测试卷(一)答案
Unit1单元自测题及答案
第1单元自我检测一、字母及语音（14分）A. 写出含有字母e读音的大写字母。
（9分）B. 找出每组单词中重音不同的单词（5分）( ) 1. A. Germany B. Brazil C. Korea( ) 2. A. China B. England C. Canada ( ) 3. A. telephone B. nineteen C. twenty( ) 4. A. morning B. afternoon C. evening ( ) 5. A. welcome B. goodbye C. tomorrow二、词汇（15分）A. 用所给单词的正确形式填空（5分）6. Are these your __________ (box)?7. What is __________ (he) telephone number?8. Li Ming and I __________ (be) in a high school.9. __________ (that) aren’t my books.10. Maria and Jane are good __________ (friend).B. 根据句意及首字母提示填空（5分）11. My friend Jane is from Toronto, C__________.12. What is your mother’s cell phone n__________?13. How do you s__________ that?14. Kangkang is from China. He is C__________.15. This is Miss Lee. She is my t__________.C. 将下列短语译成汉语（5分）16. 七年六班__________ 17. 起立__________ 18. 在同一个班级__________ 19. 中学__________20. 十辆公共汽车__________三、单项选择（10分）( ) 21. This is ________ apple and that is ________ cake.A. a, aB. an, aC. a, an( ) 22. —Where is your English teacher ________?—She is ________ England.A. from, fromB. in, fromC. from, in ( ) 23. —What’s ________ name, please?—Tom.A. herB. myC. his( ) 24. Is that your ________?A. a bookB. bookC. books( ) 25. —Is this your bag, Bob?—________, it ________. It’s her bag.A. No, aren’tB. Yes, isC. No, isn’t ( ) 26. ________ are Miss Wang’s ________.A. These, studentsB. This, studentC. These, student( ) 27. I’m from Harbin, ________ my family is in Shanghai now.A. andB. butC. or( ) 28. —________ do you spell orange?—O-R-A-N-G-E, orange.A. WhatB. HowC. Who( ) 29. ________ are in Class One.A. I and TomB. Tom and meC. Tom and I( ) 30. —What are these in English?—________ toys.A. Those areB. These areC. They are四、句型转换（10分）31. This is a car. （就划线部分提问）__________ this?32. I am in Class 2. （改为一般疑问句）__________ __________ in Class 2?33. Are they in Grade 8? （作否定回答）__________ __________ __________34. She is Maria. （同义句）__________ __________ Maria.35. Jane is from Canada.（就划线部分提问）__________ __________ Jane from?五、完形填空（10分）My name is Kelly. I’m 36 high school student. 37 twelve. I’m in Class Two, Grade One. Tony 38 my friend. He is 39 , too. But we are 40 the same class. He is in Class One. My English teacher 41 a woman (女人) . 42 name is Miss Lee. She is from New York, 43 . She is a good 44 . Tom and I 45 good students.( ) 36. A. a B. an C. the( ) 37. A. He’s B. She’s C. I’m( ) 38. A. are B. is C. am( ) 39. A. eleven B. twelve C. thirteen( ) 40. A. not in B. not from C. no in( ) 41. A. is B. am C. are( ) 42. A. His B. She C. Her( ) 43. A. the US B. Canada C. England( ) 44. A. student B. teacher C. doctor( ) . is B. am C. are六、情景交际（20分）A. 选择适当的应答语（10分）( ) 46. How are you?( ) 47. See you later, Tom. ( ) 48. How do you do? ( ) 49. What’s that?( ) 50. How old are you? () 51. Welcome to Beijing!( ) 52. Have a good day!( ) 53. Who’s this?( ) 54. Nice to see you.( ) 55. Where’s Changsha?B. 用适当的词或短语补全对话（10分）A: Good afternoon!B: (56) ____________________A: (57) ____________________B: My name is Lingling. (58) ____________________A: I am fine, thanks. And you?B: I am fine, too.A: Excuse me, (59) ____________________B: It’s an apple.A: (60) ____________________B: A-double P-L-E, apple.A: Thank you.B: You are welcome.七、阅读理解（10分）Paul: Excuse me. Where’s Class 1, Grade 7?Linlin: It’s over there. Are you new here?Paul: Yes, I am. My name is Paul, Paul Smith.Linlin: Nice to meet you. My name is Linlin. I’m in Class 1, Grade 7, too. Who’s that girl? Paul: She’s my twin sister（双胞胎妹妹）, Sally.Linlin: Are you from the US?Paul: No. We are English.Linlin: This is our classroom. Come in, please.Paul: Thank you very much, Linlin.Linlin: How old are you, Paul.Paul: I’m twelve. And you?Linlin: I’m thirteen. Oh, is Sally in our class, too?Sally: No. I’m in Class 2.Linlin: Class 2 is upstairs（在楼上）.Sally: Thank you.根据对话内容，判断下列句子正（T）误(F)( ) 61. Linlin and Paul are in the same class.( ) 62. Sally and Paul are from England.( ) 63. Sally is twelve.( ) 64. Sally is Paul’s friend.( ) 65. Sally and Linlin are in the same class.八、书面表达（11分）根据下表内的信息，用第一人称写一篇短文，介绍自己。
Unit1单元自测题(含答案)2021-2022学年人教版九年级
Unit 1自测题一、单选题1.Lily is my classmate. We ______ each other since she came to our school.A. knowB. knewC. have knownD. will know2.I saw some boy students ________ basketball when I passed the playground.A. playedB. playsC. playingD. to play3.Hurry up!The movie will begin ______ 10 minutes.A. overB. inC. forD. at4.You must be careful when you swim ______ the lake.A. acrossB. belowC. overD. through5.________ our country gets, ________ the people will be, which is well known.A. The stronger; the happierB. The more strong; the more happyC. The stronger; the happyD. The strong; the happier6.—______ have you stayed in this city? —For more than 10 years.A. How farB. How soonC. How longD. How old7.Keep ________ to tapes, and you will be perfect with your pronunciation.A. hearingB. to hearC. to listenD. listening8.If you like music, you can learn English by ________ English songs.A. listen toB. listening toC. listenD. listened9.I think he is ________ young ________ go to school.A. so; thatB. so; toC. too; toD. enough; to10.I don’t know _________ next time.A. how can doB. what can doC. how to doD. what to do11.The project of The Belt and Road（一带一路）is ______ popular _______ many countries have taken part in it.A. such; thatB. so; thatC. too; toD. as; as12.—I’m a little poor at English. What should I do? —I think you need _________ it every day.A. practice to speakB. to practice to speakC. to practice speakingD. practice speak13.They’ll find out the truth, _______ you tell it to them or not.A. whetherB. ifC. thatD. which14.John is _______ clever boy that everyone likes him.A. soB. suchC. such a15.—I have never visited the Great Wall before. —________A. So have I.B. So I have.C. Neither have I.D. Neither am I.二、完形填空Friends are very important in our everyday life. Everyone needs friends. We all like to feel close to someone. (16) is nice to have a friend to talk, laugh, and do things with. Certainly, sometimes we need to be alone. We don't always want people (17) , but we will feel lonely if we (18) have a friend.No two people are just the same. Friends (19) don't get on well. That doesn't mean that they no longer like each other. Most of the time they will make up(言归于好) and become (20) again.Sometimes friends move away. Then we feel very (21) . We miss them very much, but we can (22) them and write to them. And we can (23) new friends. It is encouraging to find out how much we like new people when we get to know them.There's more good news for people who have friends. They live (24) than people who don't. Why? Friends can make us feel happy. (25) happy helps us stay well. If someone cares about as, we take better care of ourselves.16. A. It B. He C. There D. Someone17. A. alone B. away C. all over D. around18. A. ever B. never C. just D. really19. A. always B. sometimes C. often D. usually20. A. friendly B. good C. pleased D. friends21. A. angry B. sad C. happy D. alone22. A. call B. ask C. tell D. talk with23. A. look after B. find C. make D. know24. A. longer B. shorter C. slower D. faster25. A. Smelling B. Being C. Sounding D. Making三、阅读理解AI like to make friends. Victor is one of my best friends. He is asoutgoing as me. We became friends when I was ten years old. Weboth like sports very much. We play tennis three times a week andplay basketball twice a week.Iˈm a little quiet. My best friend Grace is different from me.She is very outgoing and funny. She likes going to parties anddancing very much. She likes swing dance best.My best friend is Lisa. She is very outgoing and friendly. Iˈmsimilar to her. We became friends three years ago. Lisa is alsohard-working. She studies better than me and she always helps mewith my math.My best friend is Ben. He is two years older than me. He isquiet. He is good at drawing. He joined an art club a week ago. Iˈmdifferent from him. Iˈm outgoing and I like singing and swimming.26.A. When Victor was ten years old.B. When Mike was ten years old.C. Three years ago.D. Ten years ago.27.From the above information, we know Lisa ________.A. likes swing dance bestB. plays basketball twice a weekC. is good at drawingD. is good at math28.Eric's best friend Ben ________.A. is two years younger than himB. joined an art club a week agoC. likes singing and swimmingD. is the same as Eric29.________ are quiet according to the above information.A. Mike and MonicaB. Victor and BenC. Monica and BenD. Monica and Tara30.Which of the following is TRUE?A. Mike and Victor play tennis three times a week.B. Grace doesn't enjoy dancing at all.C. Tara is different from Lisa.D. Eric is a quiet boy.BIn China, people seldom visit a friend without（没有）taking any presents, especially（特别是）during the Spring Festival. Then what presents should you gi ve your friendsˈ children? Here are some ideas.Candy（糖果）Take some candy with you during the Spring Festival. It can make children happy and they will think you are kind.Lucky moneyIf your Chinese friends have children, do not forget to p repare some lucky money. You donˈt need to give the children too much, but itˈs a traditional custom（传统习俗）. People believe the money will bring their children good luck.School ThingsIf you visit your Chinese friends with some school things like a pen, a school notebook, a nice pencil-box or some interesting books, it will give the kids a surprise（惊喜）.ToysToys are also nice presents for your friendsˈ children, such as a barbie doll（芭比娃娃）for a little girl and a toy car for a little boy.ClothesIf the family are your close friends, you can buy their children some clothes.31.When people visit friends during Chinese New Year, they usually _______.A. decorate homesB. go to parksC. take presentsD. play games32.You can take _______ if you want to make your friendsˈ children happy.A. some candyB. much moneyC. toy carsD. computers33.If your friend has a little girl, which present will she like?A. A CD.B. A small dog.C. A Barbie doll.D. A toy car.34.Which of the following is NOT true?A. Visiting with some school things will give the kids a surprise.B. People in China believe lucky money will bring good luck to their children.C. A good toy is also a nice present for your friends.D. If you are a close friend of the family, you can buy their children clothes as（作为）a present.35.What does the passage mainly tell us?A. What New Year gifts should you buy for your friendsˈ children.B. How to make children happy during Chinese New Year.C. What you can do t o help your friendsˈ children.D. You should prepare some presents for your friendsˈ children.四、词汇A. 单词1. I’m sorry I can’t get the right ___________(发音).2. There are 10 ___________(句子) in the passage.3. You should keep the two __________(秘密) forever.4. I want to learn English by taking ____________(语法) notes.5. We must r________ the __________(知识) we have learned after school.6. Parents must be p________ with their kids.7. The nurse are good to her p_________.8. The population i__________ to 1000,000 last year.9. Don’t drive at such a high s_________.10. She was born with the a___________ to speak English well.B. 适当形式填空1. I always study English by __________(use) an English dictionary.2. The book makes it possible for everyone ________(get) good education.3. I have to _______(finish) ________(read) it on time.4. I’m a ________(slow) reader. I read _________(slow).5. Just read _________(quick) ___________(get) the main ideas.6. Try _______(guess) th e word’s ___________(mean) by _______(read) the sentences.7. The doctors should be patient __________ their patients.8. What is the secret to ________(become) a good language learner?9. I want to learn _________(read) it in English.10. I don’t know eno ugh words _________(write) well.五、任务型阅读Asking people to a party is an art. You must think about what kind of party you're going to have first. If it is a small party, you can just give a call to your friends and ask them to the party. You can even e-mail them or just leave a message for them.Now, calling someone is an art too. First, give a call to your friend, and then begin the talk by asking them about their life and family. Ask them about their schedules on the day of the party. If they say they are free, you can ask them to the party directly(直接地). If the friend is not free, then ask him to try to find time for your party.If you're going to have a big party and need to ask lots of people to your party, you must decide how many people you want at your party. Then you can write a list of them and send them beautiful invitation cards, because you may not have so much time to give them a call each. You must send the cards a few days before the party so that they can have enough time to prepare for it.1. If you're having a small party, how many ways can you use to invite your friends?_______________________________________________________________________________2. What is also an art now?_______________________________________________________________________________3. If your friends are busy and have no time to go to your party, what can you do?_______________________________________________________________________________4. If you're having a big party, when should you send invitation cards?_______________________________________________________________________________5. What does the passage tell us?_______________________________________________________________________________六、阅读下面短文，从方框中选择适当的词语并用其适当形式填空。
国开形成性考核《管理英语(1)》单元自测(1)试题及答案
国开形成性考核《管理英语(1)》单元自测(1)试题及答案（整套相同，如遇顺序不同，Ctrl+F查找，祝同学们取得优异成绩！）题目1：—Sally, （）, Mary Brown.—Nice to meet you. I'm Sally Johnson, the Sales Manager。
【选项】：this is our new secretary【选项】：What a pleasure【选项】：Thanks a lot答案：this is our new secretary题目2：—（）—Please call me Mary. That's my first name。
【选项】：How are you?【选项】：How shall I address you?【选项】：Are you Mary?答案：How shall I address you?题目3：If you have any questions here, please tell us. We'll all be （）to help you。
【选项】：readiness【选项】：ready【选项】：already答案：ready题目4：Smile a lot and be （）friendly as possible to?everyone?you meet。
【选项】：as【选项】：so【选项】：very答案：as题目5：I think （）is impolite to call people by their first names。
【选项】：as【选项】：it【选项】：that答案：it题目6：二、听力理解：请听下面的对话，根据对话内容从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
Listen to the dialog and fill in the blanks with the words given below. u1-task3.mp3?_Melinda Smith's got a job at Qiaoxiang Community Service Center.Today is her first day at work.George, the Director of the Administration Department, is introducing her to Wendy and Helen._GEORGE: Hello, everyone. I'd like you to（）our newcomer, Melinda.MELINDA: Hi, I'm Melinda Smith, nice to meet you all here.WENDY: Nice to meet you, too, Melind a I'm Wendy Brown, just（）me Wendy.HELEN: Hi, I'm HelenClinton. Welcome._Melinda shakes hands with everyone._WENDY: Would you come over, please, Melinda? This is your desk.MELINDA: Thank you very much. Could you please tell me what's the telephone（）on my desk HELEN: Oh, it's 8633-2788. If you have any questions here, please tell us. We'll all be ready to help.MELINDA: Thanks for everything. You're（）helpful.WENDY: When you are free, I'll show you around our center and introduceyou to other colleagues.MELINDA: That's great! I'll be looking （）to it.答案：【选择项】1：meet【选择项】2：call【选择项】3：number【选择项】4：really【选择项】5：forward题目7：—Hello, I'm David Chen. Nice to meet you.—（）。
五年级上册数学 第七单元自测卷(1) 答案解析
第七单元自测卷（1）姓名：自测得分：一、填一填。
(每空2分，共26分)1．植树节到了，五年级同学要在一条长120米的公路一侧栽树(两端都栽)，每隔8米栽一棵，一共要栽(16)棵。
2．丽江小区两栋楼之间有一条30米的小路，物业公司要在路旁栽一排树。
每隔6米栽一棵(两端都不栽)，一共要栽(4)棵。
3．小龙潭公园有一个池塘，周长600米。
如果沿着池塘周围每隔15米栽一棵树，在相邻两棵树之间安装一把椅子，一共要栽(40)棵树，安装(40)把椅子。
4．把一根木头锯成6段，需要锯(5)次，如果每锯一次需要3分钟，全部锯完要花(15)分钟。
5．○△○△○△……○，像这样一共摆了20个○，那么中间一共摆了(19)个△。
6．小强从一楼走到二楼要走16个台阶，照这样计算，他从二楼走到四楼(每层楼的台阶个数相同)要走(32)个台阶。
7．跑道的一侧插了20面红旗。
如果每两面红旗中间再插一面黄旗，需要黄旗(19 )面。
8．时钟6点敲6下，10秒敲完；10点敲10下，(18)秒敲完。
9．在一个正方形花坛的每条边上摆5盆鲜花，四条边上最多能摆(20)盆，最少能摆(16)盆。
10．一个圆形舞台，周长80米，每隔4米摆一盆兰花，每两盆兰花中间摆一盆月季花，共需要(40)盆花。
二、辨一辨。
(对的在题前的括号里画“√”，错的画“×”)( 2×5＝10分) (×)1．把一根12米长的木料每3米锯成一段，需要锯4次。
(×)2．要把7根彩带连成一根长彩带，需要打7个结。
(√)3．在圆形花坛一周每隔1米栽一棵树，共栽20棵树，花坛的周长为20米。
(×)4．10个小朋友排队，每两个小朋友之间的距离是1米，队伍的长为10米。
(×)5．在闭合的道路上植树，间隔数和棵数总相等；在不闭合的道路上植树，间隔数和棵数总不相等。
三、选一选。
(把正确答案的字母填在括号里)(每题2分，共10分)1．一根100厘米长的木条，要把它锯成10厘米长的小段，一共要锯(A)次。
电大国开本科理工英语4形考任务(单元自测1至8)答案
电大国开本科理工英语4形考任务(单元自测1至8)答案形考任务单元自测1答案选择题： _______, he knows a lot about computer.答案：Child as he is选择题： My assistant will now______________ the machine in action.答案：demonstrate选择题：__________ this multimedia product has some shortcomings, it has also some good points.答案：While选择题：—Do you mind my using my mobile phone here?答案：No, of course not选择题：—How is your business going?答案：Good, it's growing all the time.选择题：—I wonder if I could use your tablet tonight?—________. I’m not using it right now.答案：Sure, here you are.选择题：—Oh. Dear! I’ve lost my new watch.答案：What a pity!选择题：—Thank you ever so much for the Apple Watch you sent me. 答案：I’m glad you like it.选择题：Considering the needs of the new generation, we propose the concept of答案：wearable选择题：He remotely controls my mobile phone _______ he can set up it for me.答案： so that选择题：If you want to download this app, you need to connect your mobile phone _______答案：to选择题：So ________that millions of people queue to buy it.答案：popular is the smart phone选择题：The BBC has just successfully demonstrated a ________ radio transmission system.答案：digital选择题：The speed with which digital cameras can take, process and _______ an image is答案： transmit选择题：They are _______ make an announcement later on today.答案：expected to选择题：You will quickly get used to_______ this new digital camera.答案：using二、阅读：这是客服人员帮助客服创建进入个人账户的场景，请在空格内填入字母将对话排序。
小学语文人教课标版六年级上册第一单元自测卷附答案
六年级语文（上）单元自测卷（一）班级姓名得分一、书面展示。
（4分）请把“山清水秀、鸟语花香、青松迎客、寒梅报春”工整、美观地写在田字格里。
二、积累运用。
（36分）（一）拼音乐园（6分）1．读拼音写词语，看谁写得漂亮jìnɡ mì yùn hán hōnɡ kǎo ào mì pánɡ rán dà wù( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) （二）词语花园（8分）1．用“清”组词，填入下面括号内（4分）（1）夜渐渐深了，街市变得越来越（）。
（2）我家门前有一条（）见底的小溪。
（3）睡觉醒来，我感觉头脑非常（）。
（4）在放大镜下，彩石的纹理（）可见。
2．我会搭配（4分）（）的身躯（）的小曲（）地奔忙（）地吟诵（三）句子世界（4分）1．多读好书可以丰富和提高我们的知识。
修改病句：2．无数轻捷柔软的手指，弹奏出一首又一首优雅的小曲。
缩句：3．老桥很古老，历经了几百年。
改为比喻句：4．妈妈明天休息。
妈妈带我去公园玩。
合为一句话：（四）牢记活用（14分，每空2分）1．人们常用龚自珍的“，”这句诗来形容老年人无私帮助后一代的默默奉献精神。
2．李白的“，何人不起故园情”让我感受到浓浓的思乡之情。
3．走进张家界的索溪峪，我感受到它的、、和。
（五）判断题（正确的打“√”，错误的打“×”。
）（4分）1．课文《山中访友》的“友”，概括地讲是指“山林中的一切”，全文充满了作者丰富的联想和想象，表达了作者对大自然的热爱之情。
（）2．《草虫的村落》中作者把花色斑斓的小圆虫比作音乐演奏者，觉得他们演奏出的音乐优于人间的一切音乐，表达了作者对这些小精灵的喜爱。
（）3．“不拘一格”的“格”字在成语中的意思是“格子”。
（）4．“捡起一朵落花，捧在手中，我嗅到了大自然的芬芳清香；拾一片落叶，细数精致的纹理，我看到了它-2含的生命的奥秘，在它们走向泥土的途中，我加入了这短暂而别有深意的仪式。
小学上册第7次英语第1单元自测题(有答案)
小学上册英语第1单元自测题(有答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The __________ is famous for its geysers and hot springs.2.Which fruit is red and often mistaken for a vegetable?A. BananaB. AppleC. TomatoD. Grape答案:C3._____ (土壤) composition affects how plants grow.4.What do we call a young mouse?A. KitB. PupC. PinkyD. Calf答案:C.Pinky5.My cousin is my best _______ who is always there for me.6. (75) is famous for its beautiful beaches. The ____7.My cousin has a __________狗. (可爱的)8. A _______ illustrates the relationship between force and motion.9.What is the name of the famous Egyptian structure built as a tomb?A. ColosseumB. Great WallC. PyramidD. Taj Mahal答案:C10.My dog enjoys going for _______ (散步) with me.11.What is the capital of Afghanistan?A. KabulB. IslamabadC. TehranD. Doha答案: A12.I like to ___ (have) picnics with my family.13.The first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic was ______ (阿梅莉亚·厄哈特).14.What is the main ingredient in chocolate?A. SugarB. CocoaC. MilkD. Flour答案: B15.The ancient Greeks held the Olympic Games to honor ________ (宙斯).16.I made a _________ (玩具机器人) that can move and talk!17.The ______ (海龟) lays eggs on sandy beaches.18.I want to learn how to _______ (技能). It could help me in my future _______ (职业).19.I see a _____ (演奏者) at the concert.20.The Hubble Space Telescope orbits the Earth and captures stunning ______.21.Plants reproduce through seeds and ______.22.The process of mixing two liquids to form a solution is called ______.23.The train is ________ (快).24.Emma is a ______. She loves to dance.25.Read and choose the number.(读单词，选出与之意思相符的图片序号)26.What do you call a person who sells things?A. BuyerB. SellerC. CustomerD. Manager答案: B27.The girl enjoys ________.28.The ______ (植物的生命周期) is an interesting topic.29. A rabbit's ears help it detect ______ (声音).30. A _____ (树冠) provides habitat for birds.31.My parents surprised me with a trip to the ________ (主题公园). It was the best ________ (一天).32.My mom is a __________ (社交工作者).33.My best friend and I like to ride our ______ (自行车) around the ______ (公园). We have so much fun together.34.The wolf is a social _________ (动物).35.The fish is _____ around the tank. (swimming)36.I love my teddy bear because it is ________ (可爱的) and soft. I hug it every night before I ________ (睡觉).37.The main product of the Calvin cycle is ______.38.I like to __________ (动词) my __________ (玩具名) with my friends.39.What is the name of the famous mouse created by Walt Disney?A. DonaldB. GoofyC. MickeyD. Pluto答案:C40.Every Sunday, my family goes for a ________ (散步) in the park to enjoy nature.41.The _______ of sound can travel through different mediums at different speeds.42. A _______ (蜥蜴) can change color to blend in.43.What is the name of the famous explorer who discovered America?A. ColumbusB. MagellanC. Vasco da GamaD. Cook答案:A44.The boiling point of water is _____ degrees Celsius.45.My ________ (堂姐) loves to read books.46.I love to ______ (与朋友一起) explore new ideas.47.The first successful blood transfusion was performed in _______.48.I have a _______ (question/answer) for you.49.Read and colour.(看词涂色.)50.I like to write ______ in my journal.51.The ancient Egyptians created ________ for their deceased rulers.52. (Kingdom) of Mali was rich in gold and trade. The ____53.My uncle loves to __________. (打篮球)54. A cactus is a type of _______.55.My brother likes to learn about ____ (space).56.The clock is ________ on the wall.57.I have a __________ (玩具名) that looks like a __________ (动物).58.My favorite book is about ______.59. A __________ can serve as a habitat for various organisms.60.What do we call the temperature at which a liquid boils?A. Freezing pointB. Melting pointC. Boiling pointD. Critical point答案:C. Boiling point61.The first successful space mission was ________ (阿波罗11号).62.The Earth's atmosphere contains gases that are vital for ______.63.My grandma loves to read ____ (novels).64.Elephants have large ______.65.My favorite game is ______.66.My favorite hobby is ______ (摄影). I love capturing beautiful ______ (瞬间).67.The ________ was a prominent figure in the fight for justice.68.My favorite game is ______ (捉迷藏) with my friends. It is so ______ (有趣).69.Hydrogen peroxide can be broken down into water and _____ (oxygen gas).70.What do you call a baby cheetah?A. CubB. KitC. PupD. Fawn答案: A71. A wheel makes it easier to _______ things.72.What is the name of the famous ancient city in Mexico?A. Machu PicchuB. TeotihuacanC. Chichen ItzaD. Tulum答案: C73.I love to watch ________ (动作片) during weekends.74.Distillation separates mixtures based on their ________ points.75.Creating a compost system can help recycle kitchen ______ into nutrient-rich soil. (创建堆肥系统可以将厨房废物回收利用成营养丰富的土壤。
国开形成性考核04008《理工英语(4)》单元自测(1)试题及答案
国开形成性考核《理工英语(4)》单元自测(1)试题及答案（课程ID：04008，整套相同，如遇顺序不同，Ctrl+F查找，祝同学们取得优异成绩！）题目1、（C）, he knows a lot about computer.【A】：As he is a child【B】：Child as is he【C】：Child as he is题目2、My assistant will now（A）the machine in action.【A】：demonstrate【B】：demobilize【C】：domestic题目3、（A）this multimedia product has some shortcomings, it has also some good points.【A】：While【B】：If【C】：Not only题目4、—Do you mind my using my mobile phone here？—（B）.【A】：Yes, use it please.【B】：No, of course not题目5、—How isyour business going？—（A）【A】：Good, it' s growing all the time.【B】：Thank you.【C】：I’ m going to Beijing.题目6、—I wonder if Icould use your tablet tonight？—（C）、I’ m not using it right now.【A】：It doesn’ t matter.【B】：No, thank you.【C】：Sure, here you are.题目7、—Oh.Dear! I’ve lost my new watch.—（C）【A】：I’ m sad.【B】：That’ s all right.【C】：What a pity!题目8、—Thank you ever so much for the Apple Watch you sent me. —（B）【A】：No thanks.【B】：I’ m glad you like it.【C】：Please don’ t say so.题目9、Considering the needsof the new generation, we propose the concept of the （B）network.【B】：wearable【C】：weared题目10、Heremotelycontrols my mobile phone （B）he can set up it for me.【A】：that【B】：so that【C】：in order to题目11、If you want to download this app, you need to connect your mobile phone （A）Internet first.【A】：to【B】：for【C】：with题目12、So （A）that millions of people queue to buy it.【A】：popularis the smartphone【B】：popular the smartphone is【C】：the smartphone is popular题目13、The BBC has just successfully demonstrated a （C）radio transmission system.【A】：digestive【B】：dignity题目14、The speed with which digital cameras can take, process and （A）an image is phenomenal.【A】：transmit【B】：transact【C】：translate题目15、They are （B）make an announcement later on today. 【A】：wish to【B】：expected to【C】：looking forward to题目16、You will quickly get used to（B）this new digital camera. 【A】：use【B】：using【C】：be ran题目17、阅读理解：这是客服人员帮助客服创建进入个人账户的场景, 请在空格内填入字母将对话排序。
五年级上册数学 第一单元自测卷(1) 答案解析
第一单元自测卷（1）姓名：自测得分：一、填一填。
(2题3分，6题5分，其余每空1分，共25分)1．0.72＋0.72＋0.72＋0.72＋0.72＝(0.72)×(5)＝( 3.6)。
2．根据45×37＝1665，在下面各积的相应位置点上小数点。
4.5×3.7＝16.650.45×370＝166.5 4.5×0.37＝1.6653．8.52×2.6的积是(三)位小数，得数保留整数约是(22 )，保留两位小数约是(22.15)。
4．3.54×2.6的积是( 三)位小数，如果将3.54扩大到原来的100倍，2.6扩大到原来的10倍，那么积是(9204)，原来的积是(9.024)。
5．在○里填上“>”“<”或“＝”。
326×0.79＜326 3×3.1＞4.034.7×0.58＜0.47×58 0.69×9.6＝69×0.0964.7×10＝4.7×9＋4.7 1×0.85＜16．在□里填上适当的数。
25×(0.77×0.4)＝0.77×(25×4)6.8×5.8＋6.8×4.2＝6.8×(5.8＋4.2)(8－0.8)×12.5＝8×12.5－0.8×12.57．9.6×1.25＝1.2×(8×1.25)＝1.2×10＝12，这里运用了(乘法结合)律进行简算。
8．妈妈在超市买了2.5千克面粉，每千克4.6元，妈妈买面粉用了(11.5)元。
二、辨一辨。
(对的在题前括号里画“√”，错的画“×”)(共5分)⒈(×)一个数乘小数，积一定比原来的数小。
⒉(√)0.6×0.6的积用“四舍五入法”保留一位小数约是0.4。
统编人教部编版小学语文三年级下册语文第一单元自测题(有答案)
小学三年级语文下册第一单元自测题一、给下列带点字选择正确的读音，并正确的读音下画“—”。
（4分）凑．成（chòu còu）嫩．叶（nèng nèn）几痕．细线（hén héng）绿丝绦．（tiāo tāo）花骨．朵（gūgǔ）一幅．画（fúfù）一转．眼（zhuǎn zhuàn）裁．出（cái chái）二、看拼音，写词语。
（7分）yǎn zòu huópōjùlǒng lián péng lüèguòzēng tiān wǔdǎo（）（）（）（）（）( ) ( )róng huà yuān yāng huā bàn bǎo zhàng pò lièǒu ěr zī shì（）（）（）（）（）（）（）三、给多音字组词。
（5分）jué（） mǎ（）ái（） gān（） sàn（）觉蚂挨杆散jiào（） mà（）āi（） gǎn（） sǎn（）四、照样子，写词语。
（6分）1.翩翩起舞（AABB式）：2.波光粼粼（ABCC式）：3.黄嫩嫩（ABB式）：4.描写春天的词语：五、比一比，再组词。
（14分）拂（）惊（）饱（）势（）偶（）纤（）梅（）佛（）掠（）抱（）热（）遇（）迁（）悔（）连（）裁（）稻（）沾（）咏（）崇（）减（）莲（）栽（）蹈（）粘（）泳（）宗（）咸（）六、在括号里填上恰当的词。
（4分）（）的羽毛（）的翅膀（）的尾巴（）的燕子（）的图画（）的湖面（）的衣裳（）地吹拂七、选词填空。
（7分）灵巧灵活灵敏1.小狗的嗅觉很（）。
2.妈妈有一双（）的手，能编织出美丽的花篮。
3.小巧的脑袋，（）的四肢，独小的尾巴，凑成了一只机灵可爱的小兔子。
国开电大人文英语单元自测1
子问题1：B;子问题2：A;子问题3：C;子问题4：A;子问题5：C
二、阅读理解：选择题
子问题1：C;子问题2：C;子问题3：C;子问题4：B;子问题5：B
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题目：Bai Mei don't know Liu Hui, so Zhuang Hua _________ her to Liu Hui.
答案：introduce
题目：I _____________ an Open University student.
答案：am
题目：I enjoy__________ books in the library.
答案：nice to meet you too.
题目：—How about going to the class together? —_______________
答案：That sounds great.
题目：—What is your major? —_______________
答案：Education.
一、选词填空
题目：— Hi! How are you doing? — ________________
答案：I'm doing well.
题目：—Albert, this is Jim. —______________ Jim?
答案：How do you do,
题目：—Hi, Wang Xin，nice to meet you! —Hi, Liu Hui, ________________
答案：reading
题目：I would _________ any weakness and any fear.
国家开放大学《人文英语3》形考任务(单元自测1)参考答案
C. Yes, they are. They are very cute.
2、—Ken did badly in his math test. I'm terribly worried about the result.
A. extremely
B. approximately
C. progressively
11、—Our son has picked up some bad habits recently, and I am really worried about it.
—.
A. Yes, they have some bad habits.
国家开放大学《人文英语3》形考任务（单元自测1）参考答案
一、选择填空，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。（每题10分）
1、—Do you have much experience with caring for babies?
—.
A. Yes, I do. I often take care of kids in my free time.
A. which
B. that
C. what
16、Lily is a good student except ________ she is a little bit careless.
A. where
B. which
C. that
二、阅读理解：选择题（每题10分）
Most couples who get married or decide to live together generally plan to have children. Several years ago, people thought that having big families was common and this was seen as an advantage. That was mainly because children began working at an early age to help provide for the family. But with the changing times and with the cost of living getting higher every single year, having a big family is no longer considered to be a practical option. In fact, more couples consider that they have only one child and some do not have any desire to becomeparents at all.
小学上册第10次英语第1单元自测题(有答案)
小学上册英语第1单元自测题(有答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.Many plants have ______ (防御机制) against herbivores.2.The sun rises in the ______ (east).3.We have a class pet, a ________ (仓鼠) named ________ (小华). It’s very ________ (可爱).4.The movement of tectonic plates can cause ______ to form.5.The _____ (birch) tree has white bark.6.The _______ (The Marshall Plan) helped rebuild Europe after WWII.7. A frog has webbed ______ (脚) for swimming.8.The __________ (Renaissance) was a period of great cultural revival in Europe.9. A _____ (海豚) jumps out of the water for fun.10.Every morning, I drink a glass of ______ (牛奶) with my breakfast. It helps me feel ______ (精神充沛).11.The ______ is known for her impactful writing.12.How many days are there in a week?A. 5B. 6C. 7D. 8答案:c13.The ____ has a long body and short legs, making it a great swimmer.14.The _______ (Marshall Plan) aided European recovery after WWII.15._____ (种植) flowers can be fun and rewarding.16.My friend is __________ (知性的).17.I like to listen to ______ music.18.She likes to ______ books. (read)19.What is the capital of Switzerland?A. ZurichB. GenevaC. BernD. Basel答案:C20.What do you call the process of growing plants without soil?A. HydroponicsB. AeroponicsC. AquaponicsD. All of the above答案:D21. A _______ is a substance that can donate protons in a chemical reaction.22.I like to take care of my ________.23.My uncle tells me about his .24.Acidic substances have a pH level less than ______.25.My dog loves to _______ (追逐) squirrels.26.The children are _______ (having) fun at the fair.27.Planting in layers can create a ______ effect in the garden. (分层种植可以在花园中创造出丰富的效果。
小学上册第二次英语第1单元自测题(有答案)
小学上册英语第1单元自测题(有答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The ancient Sumerians created one of the earliest forms of ________ (文字).2.I have a collection of ______ (邮票) from my travels around the ______ (世界).3. A penguin is a bird that cannot ______.4.She counts _____ (to/from) ten every day.5.The __________ can influence the climate of a region.6.The __________ was a significant time of change in American history. (民权运动)7.My brother is passionate about __________ (科学).8.The sun shines ______ (brightly) in the sky.9.The _______ (小狮子) is known for its roar.10.The color change in litmus paper indicates whether a solution is an acid or a _____.11.What is the name of the first manned moon landing?A. Apollo 11B. Gemini 12C. Voyager 1D. Space Shuttle答案:A12. A ________ is a mountain range that runs through two countries.13.When an acid is mixed with a base, they neutralize each other and form _______.14. A _______ is a large area of land that is covered with trees.15. A substance that can change color based on pH is called a(n) _______ indicator.16.Which shape has three sides?A. SquareB. TriangleC. CircleD. Rectangle答案:B.Triangle17.We need to ________ (study) for the test.18.The butterfly has _______ (五彩斑斓) wings.19.I want to learn how to _______ (制作) movies.20.The Great Wall of China was built to protect against ________.21.What do you call the main idea of a story?A. ThemeB. PlotC. ConflictD. Resolution答案:A22.The sun is _______ in the sky.23.The _______ (小金鱼) swims in its bowl all day.24.I enjoy ______ with my family during vacations. (traveling)25.听录音，把图片与颜色连起来。
电大《管理英语4》形考任务(单元自测1)参考答案
电大《管理英语4》形考任务（单元自测1）参考答案一、选择填空题（每题10分，共5题）1、—Could you give us a speech on management functions some day this week?—________________.A. That'a good ideaB. No, I already have plansC. I'd love to, but I'm busy this week2、— This project is too big for me to finish on time.—________________.A. Please do me a favorB. That is a daydreamC. I'll give you a hand3、______ managers spend most of their time in face-to-face contact with others, but they spend much of it obtaining and sharing information.A. Not onlyB. Do not onlyC. Not only do4、AT&T found that employees with better planning and decision-making skills were ______ to be promoted into management jobs.A. more likelyB. more likeC. more unlikely5、The Human Resource Managing Department at Honda is given specific instructions ______ employ the best possible workers.A. how toB. on what toC. on how to6、—Is it possible for you to work out the plan tonight?—__________A. I'll do that.B. I think so.C. I'd love to.7、—We could let some of the staff work from home.______________? —That's a good idea.A. Do you have any good ideasB. What do you think of itC. Is there anything else8、The responsibilities in handbook ______ that managers have to be concerned with efficiency and effectiveness in the work process.A. implyB. indicateC. interrupt9、______ CEOs spend planning, the more profitable their companies are.A. The more timeB. The moreC. The less time10、Even the best continually seek ways to ______ their skills.A. sharpB. sharpenerC. sharpen11、—I think things have been a bit difficult for us the last couple of months.—__________. We've been working hard, but still getting behind.A. You're rightB. I'm afraidC. I don’t think so12、Supervisors should______their employees in two-way communication so that understanding takes place.A. enableB. engageC. encourage13、The demands and requirements placed on the CEO of Sony aredifferent from ______ on the manager of your local Wendy's restaurant.A. theseB. thoseC. which14、______ his anger the employees called him Mr. Thunder, but they loved him.A. Due toB. In spite ofC. Because15、It is through enthusiasm and quiet intensity ______ we transform creativity and vision into the technologies.A. thatB. /C. which二、阅读理解：根据文章内容，判断正误（共50分）。
五年级上册数学 第三单元自测卷(1) 答案解析
第三单元自测卷（1）姓名：自测得分：一、填一填。
(每空1分，共22分)1．1.8÷0.25＝(180)÷25 1.25÷0.25＝(5)÷12．0.75÷1.2的商的最高位是(十分)位。
3．1.05959…是(循环)小数，它的循环节是(59)，可以简写为( 1.05•9•)，保留两位小数约是( 1.06)。
4．在3.8484，3.8484…，3.8444…，0.1•42857•中，有限小数有( 3.8484)；无限小数有( 3.8484…，3.8444…，0.1•42857•)。
5．在○里填上“＞”“＜”或“＝”。
1.26÷1.01 < 1.26 3.66÷3.7 < 14.32÷0.12 ＝43.2÷1.2 0.75÷0.89 > 0.75×0.896．根据68×123＝8364，直接写出下面各式的商。
8.364÷6.8＝( 1.23) 836.4÷1.23＝(680)7．32.8连续减去(8)个4.1得0。
8.在○里填上合适的运算符号。
36÷0.5＝72 36×0.5＝1836÷2.5＝14.4 36－2.5＝33.59．一瓶牛奶有1.5千克，把它分装在大小一样的杯子里，每个杯子最多盛0.24千克，至少需要(7)个杯子才能盛完。
10．4本《军事天地》共43.2元，每本《军事天地》(10.8)元。
二、辨一辨。
(对的在题前括号内画“√”，错的画“×”)( 1×5=5分) (×)1．无限小数一定比有限小数大。
(×)2．90.9090是循环小数。
(√)3．一个不为0的数乘100与这个数除以0.01的结果相同。
(×)4．除数小于1，商一定大于被除数。
(×)5．小数除以小数，商一定是小数。
部编版(五四制)七年级上学期语文 第一单元自测(附答案)
部编版（五四制）七上语文第一单元自测1.名句默写。
(1) ，若出其里。
(2) ，小桥流水人家。
(3) 客路青山外，。
(4) ，断肠人在天涯。
2.下面句子中有错别字的一项是A．春天像键壮的青年，有铁一般的胳膊和腰脚，他领着我们上前去。
B．山上的矮松越发地青黑，树尖儿上顶着一髻儿白花，好像日本看护妇。
C．水珠子从花苞里滴下来，比少女的眼泪还娇媚。
D．那是雨，是使人静谧、使人怀想、使人动情的秋雨啊！3.下面对句子运用的修辞手法识别有误的一项是A．小草偷偷地从土里钻出来，嫩嫩的，绿绿的。
（拟人）B．看，像牛毛，像花针，像细丝，密密地斜织着，人家屋顶上全笼着一层薄烟。
（比喻、排比）C．对于一个在北平住惯的人，像我，冬天要是不刮大风，便觉得是奇迹。
（比喻）D．如果说，春雨给大地披上美丽的衣裳，而经过几场夏天的透雨的浇灌，大地就以自己的丰满而展示它全部的诱惑了。
（比喻、拟人）4.请你根据自己的记诵积累，找出文学常识连线正确的一项A．东汉——东篱——《观沧海》B．唐朝——王湾——《闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄》C．唐朝——青莲居士——《次北固山下》D．元朝——马致远——《天净沙·秋思》5.阅读下面的散曲，完成下列问题。
天净沙·秋思枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马。
夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。
(1) “秋思”中的“思”指的是。
(2) 下面表述不合理的一项是A．这首元曲句法别致，都是由名词性短语构成，言简而意丰。
B．“枯藤”“老树”“昏鸦”等词语描绘了一幅深秋晚景图。
C．“断肠人在天涯”体现了这首元曲的主旨。
D．这首元曲抒发了飘零天涯的游子思乡、倦于漂泊的愁楚之情。
(3) “小桥流水人家”与曲中其他景物组合在一起，是否协调？说说你的理解。
6.阅读下文，完成下列各题。
魏武游侠魏武①少时，尝与袁绍好为游侠。
观人新婚，因潜入主人园中，夜叫呼云：“有偷儿贼！”青庐中人皆出观，魏武乃入，抽刃劫新妇，与绍还出②。
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一、单项选择题1. C (P5)2. B (P9)3. D (P74)4. B (P82)5. C (P87)6. A (P7)7. C (P8) 8. A (P23) 9. A (P43)10. B(P63) 11. A (P72) 12. B (P84)13. D (P96--97) 14. D (P46、76) 15. C (P75)16. B (P61) 17. D (P28) 18. B (P29)19. B (P99) 20. A (P82) 21. C (P67)22. D (P46) 23. C (P83) 24. D (P78--79) 25. A (P28)1.[解析] 产消者是美国阿尔曼托史夫在预测未来社会发表《第三次浪潮》中创造的新词。
6.[解析] 买方市场下，商品供求关系是供给大于需求的情况，买方可选择余地大，所以占有利地位。
7.[解析] 研究国际市场经营的实质，不在于采用什么营销技巧，关键在分析和掌握国际市场多种多样的市场营销环境，并在此基础上采取有针对性的各种经营战略。
国际市场营销学，在一定意义上讲就是国际市场营销环境适应学。
8. [解析] 生产与交换市场的国际化，集中反映在商品国际化、技术国际化、劳务国际化、资本国际化等方面，企业国际化经营就是以商品国际化为核心，全方位地从事国际市场营销活动。
9.[解析] 一个是市场区域的商业基础服务能力主要是指该地区的商业设施状况和服务水平，如银行和其他金融机构、广告代理商和广告媒介覆盖能力、分销机构的网布水平，以及从事支持性服务组织的状况。
在一个商业基础服务能力贫弱的国家开展国际营销，首先影响营运成本上升和营销效力的下降。
10.[解析] 国际营销活动可能遇到的政治风险是多种多样的，如没收、征用与国有化、外汇管制、进口限制、价格限制、劳工政策等，但最重要的是被当地政府没收。
11.[解析] 美国最基本的法律是宪法，宪法中一个很重要的内容就是管辖权问题。
我们在同美国人做生意时，应该事先考虑管辖权问题。
如果中国公司的经理在美国，或者中国的货物在美国，美国法院就认为它对中国公司拥有管辖权。
12.[解析] 市场信息系统结构包括四个模块，即订货和顾客服务模块、分配模块、销售分析模块、营销研究模块，而负责货物的发送、运输等事务就属于分配模块。
13.[解析] 间接提问分为结构性提问和非结构性提问。
非结构性提问的特点就是使回答人又较大的回答自由，既不限定回答字句的多少，也不引导如何回答的方向，从而探索回答人的心理状态，常见的有：（1）字句联想；（2）完成小故事；（3）图画测验。
15.[解析] 如果交易双方没有对裁决事项有共同协议，一旦发生纠纷，国际营销者就将面临两种选择：（1）以制定合同所在地的法律作为依据；（2）以合同履行所在地的法律作为依据。
一般来说，如果合同中没有写明以何地法律为准，多以制定合同所在地的法律为准。
16.[解析] 各国政府在其本国国际经济事务中的作用主要表现在经济法令、规章和政策的制定。
18.[解析] 消费者行为是指消费者在寻找、购买、使用和评价其期望能满足自己需要时所表现出来的行为。
消费行为研究的主体是消费者，以消费者购买商品的行为作为研究对象，而且以消费者的消费心理研究为基本内容。
消费者行为研究的是企业市场营销的出发点和归宿点，贯穿于市场营销活动的全过程，对市场商品交换的成败起着关键作用。
19.[解析] 分层抽样是将调查的总体分成若干个组或层，每组再进行简单随机抽样的一种方法，这样不会出现由于样本可能集中某一类型，或漏某种类型。
20.[解析] 市场信息系统的设计，主要是为了协助主管人员做出各项决策，而不是代替或减少市场决策人在市场规划与分析中的作用。
市场信息系统是为决策人用以评价各种方案的经验以判断的补充，同时也可完成许多常规性的报告与计算工作，这些工作都是不需要主管人员亲自动手的。
21.[解析] 国际法律环境的构成有：（1）与国际营销有关的国内法律；（2）国际性法律与组织；（3）国际营销面对的国外法律即东道国法律。
22.[解析] 欧洲共同体的机构设置遵循了行政、立法、司法三权分立的联邦模式。
23.[解析] 内部记录系统是营销主管人的一个最基本的信息分析系统。
包括企业的订货、销售量、生产量、价格、存货、应收应付账款等记录报告，以及国外分支机构、销售代表和中间商的财务会计方面的资料等。
25.[解析] 目标市场是指企业所确定的作为经营对象的某些特定需要的顾客群。
二、多项选择题26. ABCDE 27.ABD28 .ABE 29.BCE30. ABCDE 31.ACD32. ACD 33.ABDE34. ABCDE 35.ABCD26.[解析] 从企业微观经济分析，市场是：市场=消费者（顾客）+购买力+欲望（需求）27.[解析] 市场细分化思想是温德尔.斯密于1956年提出的，是将消费者的总体市场划分为若干种类分片市场的过程。
市场细分是确定目标市场的重要手段。
市场细分的核心是消费者需求和消费者行为的差异性。
28.[解析] 国外市场人口的分布状况主要是指人口的密度和集中度，它将影响国际营销人员对目标和分销渠道的选择及有关产品运输的决策。
30.[解析] 信息的主要特征如下：（1）知识性；（2）扩延性；（3）继承性；（4）反馈功能；（5）创新性；（6）时效性。
31.[解析] IMF与GATT是国际货币基金组织与关税与贸易总协定的缩写，这两个组织与世界银行（WB）被称为当今国际经济体系的三大支柱。
33.[解析] 生产与交换市场的国际化，集中反映在商品国际化、技术国际化、劳务国际化、资本国际化等方面。
34.[解析] 国际市场需求估测的方法有：（1）多因素指标法；（2）类推法；（3）比较分析法；（4）回归分析法；（5）时间序列法。
35.[解析] 习惯法系又称不成文法，它源于美国的普通法。
英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰、印度、加纳、埃及等国都属于不成文法系。
三、简答题36. 政府在经济发展中的作用按其对经济活动的基本态度可划分为两大类：一类是参与者，一类是管理者。
（1）所谓参与者即是政府以消费者或买主的身份出现在经济活动中，对此，国际营销人员应关心其参与程度；（2）所谓管理者即政府以经济法令、规章和政策的制定者身份出现在经济活动中，对此，国际营销人员应了解其是如何管理经济的。
37.国际市场营销的形成与发展大体上经历了三个阶段：（1）出口营销阶段，一般指20世纪60年代前，以出口产品为主，营销活动的自觉性不够；（2）跨国国际营销阶段，一般指20世纪70年代，由出口导向的国际市场营销转向国际市场导向；（3）全球营销阶段，一般指20世纪80年代以后，全球营销已成为国际市场经营的基本趋势。
38.现代企业都将信息看做是一项极其重要的资源，并相应地加强了信息工作。
（1）信息是企业经营决策的基础；（2）信息又是控制企业营销活动的有效工具；（3）信息收集、处理和分析研究的复杂性；（4）每个企业都有本身所特有的问题，必须组织专人进行调研才能获得所需信息。
39.（1）企业所需掌握的国际市场信息范围更广、内容更为复杂；（2）从事国际经营的企业对许多国家（地区）的情况都比较陌生，必须花费很多的时间和人力、财力，才能取得比较充分可靠的信息；（3）由于各国营销环境差异大，进行调研时就必然遇到许多特殊问题和障碍。
40.（1）没收、征用与国有化，这是一种最严重的政治风险。
没收就是政府将外国投资无偿地收归己有；征用指政府将外国投资收归己有，但给予一定形式的补偿；国有化是指政府拥有所有权，相当于外国投资没收或征用之后由政府经营的情况。
（2）涉外经贸管制。
第一，外汇管制，是一国政府通过法令对国际结算和外汇买卖实行限制的一种制度。
第二，进口限制，限制进口产品品种和数量，迫使外国公司多买本国产品。
第三，税收管制，用征税来控制外国投资。
第四，价格管制，政府用限价的办法来影响外国投资者的经营活动。
第五，劳工问题，政府支持工会与外资方作斗争。
四、论述题41.（1）生产国际化。
不同国家之间不同产业部门、同一产业部门不同产品之间、同以产品生产过程各个环节之间的国际分工与交换日益密切。
（2）国际贸易重要性空前增长。
（3）生活与消费方式趋同化。
（4）世界无形商品贸易越显重要。
一般包括海外投资收入、运输与保险、国际旅游、私人无偿转让、专利和许可贸易等。
（5）生产经营跨国公司化、跨国公司的贸易额在世界贸易中所占份额越来越大，生产经营的跨国公司化，已成为世界经济关系中的一个重要现象。
（6）世界经济区域集团化。
（7）世界各国经济差距扩大。
（8）贸易保护主义加强。
42.市场营销学认为，市场是对产品具有需求和购买力的人们。
企业在分析进入的国家和地区时，首先要分析其市场的规模和容量，即分析人口和购买力，包括人口、收入和经济发展的水平。
（1）人口。
人口总量、人口增长、人口分布对营销都有很大影响。
人口总量越多市场越大；人口增长与同一国经济发展水平有一定联系，人口增长率反映该国或该地区市场潜量的发展趋势；人口的密度和集中程度影响目标市场和分销渠道的选择及有关产品运输的决策。
（2）收入。
收入的多少决定消费者购买力的大小。
收入分析包括三个常用指标：人均收入、国民生产总值、收入分布状况。
（3）国外市场经济发展水平影响着国际营销决策。
世界各国的经济发展状况可以分为四种类型。
①自给自足经济。
这种经济状况的国家多数以农业为主，生产的产品大部分供自己消费，从事国际贸易的能力有限。
②原料出口经济。
这种经济状况的国家都拥有一种或几种丰富的天然资源，属单一经济国家，很多产品需进口，是国际影响者争取的主要对象之一。
③工业化过程国家。
这类国家是国际贸易中最具活力、最具发展潜力的市场，它们对发展国际贸易有着浓厚的兴趣。
④工业化经济国家。
工农业高度发展，输出商品和资金，以换取原料或半成品，是各类产品的倾销市场。
五、案例分析题43.（1）作为药品，在选择目标市场时，应该在人口规模、出生率、平均寿命、经济发展程度及人均拥有医生比率、人均拥有床位率等指标中进行综合平衡。
可以选择的目标市场国家有：日本、英国、德国、瑞典、墨西哥。
（2）在选择胎儿期和婴儿期的保健药物、老人用药物的目标市场时，还应该收集有关法律、政府的限定措施等方面的信息，以及有关产品定价、分销和促销等方面的信息，以便更深入地了解目标市场，制定详细的营销计划。