【教育资料】人教版高中英语选修七 Unit1 Living well-语法篇(学生版)学习精品

第2讲Living well 语法篇

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1.熟练掌握动词不定式的形势与用法；

2.能够熟练运用动词不定式各种形式。

一. 动词不定式的形式

e.g. He Array appears to be very

happy.

T o catch

the train, we’d

better hurry to the station by taxi.

It happened to be raining when we got there.

I’m sorry to have lost your key.

He is said to have studied abroad.

These books are to be given out to the students.

This novel has been translated into many languages.

二. 动词不定式的用法

1.作主语

e.g. To know oneself is difficult.

在很多情况下，我们通常用it作形式主语：

e.g. It is impossible to learn a foreign language without making painstaking efforts.

2.作表语

e.g. His wish is to become an astronaut.

3.作宾语

e.g. Father likes to listen to music in silence.

He had no choice but to sit there as usual.

John was happy to be given the job.

She is hard to get along with.

在feel, find, think, consider,make等动词后，如果宾语带有宾语补足语时，常用it 作形式宾语

e.g. I found it impossible to work out the problem without a computer.

可接不定时作宾语的动词有：

aim appear agree arrange ask decide bother care choose come dare demand desire

determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn mean manage

offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish refuse attempt continue

4.作宾语补足语

e.g. I heard them sing yesterday.

She asked me to answer the phone in her absence.

注意：hope, demand, suggest后不能接不定式作宾语补足语。

5.作定语

e.g. The next train to arrive was from New York.

On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters to write.

6.作状语

e.g. I’m saving up to buy a computer.

He got to the station only to find the train had gone.

不定式表示结果常见于下列句型。

1) so ... as to do Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle 把你的自行车借给我好吗？

2) such ... as to do We are not such fools as to believe him. 我们还没蠢到竟会相信他。

3) enough… to do He didn't run fast enough to catch the train.他跑得不够快, 没赶上火车。

4) only to do He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet. 他搬起石头砸自己的脚。

5) too ... to do His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters. 她的视力太差了，不能看这么小的字。注意: too...to...结构中的形容词如果是eager, pleased, happy, ready等，动词不定式不表示结果，也没有否定的意思。The boy was too eager to get a geography book. 那个男孩非常急切地想要得到一本地理书。He is too anxious to know the examination results. 他很急切地想知道考试结果。

三. 不定式的几种常见结构

1.不定式的复合结构

e.g. This box is too heavy for the little boy to carry.

2.疑问词+不定式结构

e.g. I don’t know whether to go to the meeting or not.

3.with/without+名词+不定式结构

e.g. With so much work to do, I’m not able to go to the cinema.

4.用作独立成分的不定式

e.g. To be frank, I don’t agree with what you said.

可做插入语的还有：

to tell you the truth 说老实话to be frank 坦率地说to begin with 首先

to make a long story short 长话短说to be exact 精确地说to say nothing of 姑且不说

to be sure 诚然，固然to do him justice 说句对他公道的话so to speak 可以这么说

5.用主动形式表示被动含义

e.g. Do you have anything to say on this question?

The book is difficult to understand.