第三章定语从句的翻译与四字格的运用
第三讲 定语从句的译法
第三讲定语从句的译法
如何才能把各种不同的定语从句翻译成恰当的符合汉语表达习惯的译文?针对不同类型的定语从句,应采用不同的翻译方法。
请比较一下两组句子:
1.Chaplin lived the last year of his life in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977.
卓别林晚年定居于他1977年逝世后安葬在那里的瑞士。
2.He insisted on building another house which he had no use for.
他坚持再建一座他不用的房子。
从以上两例可见,汉语在表达定语的概念时可以通过各种不同的方式去实现。因此,在翻译含有定语从句的英语句子时,一定要在正确理解原文的基础上,使用符合汉语习惯的局势来表达。
(一)限制性定语从句
1.用“。。。。。。的”结构译成定语。将英语的定语从句翻译成汉语的定语词组,即英语原文中的定语在译文中仍作定语,只是用词组来代替英语原文中的从句。
1.I’ll never forget the day when I joined the league.
2. I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided.
3. Show interest in the company and the position you are applying for.
4. Why do we have so many words that sound the same but are spelled
定语从句翻译技巧
定语从句翻译技巧
在英语中, 定语从句很常见, 翻译时如不进行仔细分析就会出现误译。通过实例对定语从句的翻译技巧做一探讨, 并将这些翻译技巧赋予理论概念, 即定语从句定语化, 定语从句谓语化, 定语从句状语化。在把汉语翻译成带有定语从句的英语时,中国学生常常会受到母语的影响会出现误译。因此我们要对比英汉两种语言,以便避免汉语的负迁移。
一英译汉时定语从句翻译中的易错点
英语中的定语从句是在句中起形容词作用的结构, 通常分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。进行英译汉翻译时如不进行仔细分析,就会造成误译。比如,下面两个句子仅有一个逗号之差,含义却不同:His brother who is a soldier is eighteen years old now.
His brother, who is a soldier, is eighteen years old now.
第一句应译为:他那个当兵的哥哥今年十八岁了。(含义为:他不止一个哥哥。句中的限制性定语从句起到限定的作用。)
第二句应译为:他的哥哥今年十八岁了,他在当兵。(含义为:他只有一个哥哥。句中的非限制性定语从句起到补充说明的作用。)
定语从句在英语中大量出现, 它有长有短, 结构有简有繁, 对先行词的限制有强有弱, 定语从句有时起着补充说明和分层叙述的作用, 或在逻辑上表示原因、目的、条件, 让步和结果等意义。在语序上, 英文定语从句置于先行词之后.。所以汉译时必须正确体会原文的逻辑概念, 合理安排译文的语序。
二英译汉时定语从句的翻译方法
第三章定语从句的翻译与四字格的运用
3.5. Translation of Attributive Clauses 定语从句的翻译
For the short attributives, we can often put them before the head nouns they modifies in translation, no matter they are restrictive or non-restrictive ones.
It is a consolation to know that they will surely carry on the cause for which Edgar Snow strove so faithfully all his life. (strive for sth. faithfully 为……奋斗不渝)了解到他们一定会继承爱德加·斯诺终生为之奋斗不渝的事业,这是令人欣慰的。
His laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence.
他富于感染力的笑声打破了沉默。
For longer attributives, we can often translate them into another clause(小句) or sentence through division.
They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.
定语从句翻译
定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句,它一般紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词后面,起到进一步说明或限定其含义的作用。定语从句一般由关系代词或关系副词引导,可以用来修饰人、事、物等等。
定语从句的翻译要根据其在句子中的作用和所修饰的名词或代词的性质来确定。通常定语从句可以翻译成一个完整的句子或者一个短语来表达。
在翻译定语从句时,需要注意以下几点:
1.根据句子结构确定定语从句的引导词和从句成分,通常有关系代词who、
whom、that、which和关系副词where、when、why等。
2.翻译定语从句时需要将引导词和从句成分进行翻译,同时注意上下文的语
境,尽可能准确表达原意。
3.定语从句翻译中需要注意使用适当的时态、语态和语气等,以保证句子的
准确性和流畅性。
例如:
•The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting. 我从图书馆借的那本书非常有趣。
•The girl who is singing on the stage is my sister. 在舞台上唱歌的那个女孩是我的妹妹。
•The school where I studied last year is very strict. 我去年就读的那所学校非常严格。
•The reason why he is late is because of the traffic. 他迟到的原因是因为交通拥堵。
•The man who is standing over there is my boss. 那个站在那边的人是我的
定语从句翻译讲解
定语从句翻译讲解
定语从句翻译讲解
定语从句是修饰限定名词或代词的从句。掌握定语从句的关键在于把握引导词,即用来引导定语从句的词。下面店铺为大家分享定语从句翻译讲解,欢迎大家参考借鉴。
1.一般型
这种结构是最普遍的,即使用定语从句来修饰要修饰的先行词。
在中文中,一般地说,要使用定语修饰一个对象,无论是单独使用几个修饰词,还是连续使用几个是修饰词,通常都放在所修饰词的前面。在中,单词作定语时,一般放在所修饰的先行词之前,而词组,短语和从句作定语时,则放在所修饰的先行词之后。如果汉语的两个句子具有相同的关键词,这是我们可以使用定语从句来翻译其中的一个句子。
例如:Yesterday he bought an English dictionary which is help to improve his English.
译文: 昨天他买了一本英语字典,这本英语字典对于提高他的英语水平很有帮助。
全句的宾语是"英语字典",英语里修饰 an English dictionary的成分在其后面,这是英语表达习惯所规定的。但是转换成汉语时,就必须把定语修饰成分提前到中心词"英语字典"之前。
2.there be结构/it be +主语+定语从句
有些汉语句子可以使用there be/it be +主语+定语从句结构翻译,汉语中的谓语部分在英语中要变成从句的形式。定语从句的谓语在形式上其实也是整个主句的.谓语,因此在英译汉时可将其译为主谓结构的简单句。
例如:There are many college students who dropped out of school because of poverty.
定语从句的翻译方法
定语从句的翻译方法
定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句,常常用来给出额外的信息来
进一步说明该名词或代词。翻译定语从句时,一般可以采用以下方法:
1.将定语从句翻译为一个完整的句子,放在被修饰的名词或代词后面。例如:
- The girl who is sitting next to me is my best friend.
-坐在我旁边的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。
2.将定语从句翻译为一个介词短语,并用该介词短语修饰被修饰的名
词或代词。
例如:
- The book that I am reading is very interesting.
-我正在看的那本书非常有趣。
3.将定语从句翻译为一个形容词短语,并用该形容词短语修饰被修饰
的名词或代词。
例如:
- The man who is wearing a hat is my father.
-戴着帽子的那个男人是我爸爸。
注意:翻译定语从句时要注意上下文的语境,并使得翻译后的句子通顺、流畅。
英语翻译定语从句的译法
译成状语从句
有些定语从句从形式上看是定 语,但在意义上与主句有着逻 辑状语关系,起着主句的原因, 结果,目的,条件,让步等状 语的作用,翻译时应该按照其 语法功能,译成汉语各种相应 的复句。
我希望我们在本周的会谈将会是坦诚的。让我们从 一开始就以下几点达成共识:过去的一些时期内我 们曾经是敌人。今天我们仍有着巨大的分歧。但我 们之所以走到一起,是因为我们有着共同利益,这 些利益能够让我们超越这些分歧。
将英语关系代词who或which 转译成汉语人称代词或指示代词。
I have met children who not only are growing emotionally and intellectually but also are trying to
上帝创造了三月,诣在让那些未 曾喝醉过的人们体验沉醉的感觉。
The kapok is in blossom that heralds the early spring.
木棉盛开,预示着早春的到来。
You compare her with your English women who wolf down three to five meat meals a day; naturally, you find her a sylph (身材苗条的女人) .
定语从句翻译方式
定语从句翻译方式
定语从句翻译方式
定语从句的翻译有一定的翻译方式,下面是店铺为大家整理的定语从句翻译方式!
第一、前置翻译法:把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面,可以用“的”来连接。但前置翻译法往往适用于较短的定语。
如:
Yao Ming is a basketball player who is ver great.
姚明是一名非常伟大的运动员。
He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.
没有吃过苦的人不知道是甜。
Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.
太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。
His laughter,which was infectious,broke the silence.
他那富有感染力的'笑声打破了沉寂。
第二、后置翻译法:把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面,翻译为并列分句。其中对于先行词的处理有两种:
1. 重复先行词。
如:
I told the story to John,who told it to his brother.
他把这件事告诉了约翰,约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。
We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee,whose activities deserve to be encouraged.
《定语从句》的翻译方法
《定语从句》的翻译方法
一:中、英文定语差异:
1.中文:
一个词修饰另一个词时,如:清香的茶叶、有趣的书籍。可见在中文中,一个词修饰另一个词时,定语部分是前置的。(清香的、有趣的)
一个句子修饰另一个词时,如:趴在门口的猫、昨晚睡得很晚的茶茶。可见在中文中,一个短语、一个句子甚至多个句子修饰一个词时,定语也是前置的。(趴在门口的、昨晚睡得很晚的)
当然也有特例,如中国古代汉语:中国疆域之辽阔,“之辽阔”就是后置定语,翻译时要翻译成China has a vast territory.
2.英文:
一个词修饰另一个词时,如:a beautiful girl,a child adopted.可见在英文中,一个词修饰另一个词时,定语可以前置也可以后置。(beautiful,adopted)
一个句子修饰另一个词时,如:a boy standing under the tree.
可见英文中,所有的词组和句子在修饰一个单词时一定是后置的。(which may help you pass the exam,standing under the tree.)
看到这里,问题来了:因为英文中所有的定语从句都是放在被修饰词后面的,而中文是放在前面的,所以英译中时,一般需要将定语从句放到被修饰词前面翻译。(前置译法)如:a book which may help you pass the exam.一本能帮助你通过考试的书。
当然也有将定语从句放到被修饰词后的译法(后置译法),之后再讨论。
二:中英文语序差异:
先看一段话:
定语从句的译法
定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和⾮限制性定语从句两种,两类定语从句在翻译⽅法上基本类似,因此我们把它们放在⼀起介绍。在翻译定语从句时,我们经常采⽤下列的翻译⽅法:
⼀、前置法
把英语原⽂的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组,放置于被修饰的词之前,将英语原⽂的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句,这种⽅法⼀般⽤于限制性定语从句⽐较短的情况。
⼀些较短的具有描述性的⾮限制性定语从句也可采⽤前置法,但没有限制性定语从句使⽤得普遍。例如:
例1.For example, one function of friendship seems to fulfill is that it
supports the image we have of ourselves, and confirms the value of the attitudes we hold.
例如,友谊的⼀个作⽤似乎是⽀持我们在⾃⼰⼼⽬中的形象,并使我们持有的价值观念更加坚定。
例2.The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made.(92年考题)
如果要从智⼒⽅⾯进⾏任何⽐较的话,那么对所有被⽐较者来说,前两个因素必须是⼀样的。
例3.The first method is to give a synonym, a word that has nearly the same meaning as the word you wish to define: face for countenance, nervousness for anxiety.
定语从句的英语翻译方法
定语从句的英语翻译⽅法
英语和汉语分属两种不同语系,其差别很⼤,翻译起来有诸多困难,英语定语从句汉译便是困难之⼀。由于定语从句在英语中应⽤⼗分⼴泛,因此,我们必须想办法、找⽅法、寻规律,从⽽很好地解决它。
⼀、限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句对所修饰先⾏项起限制作⽤,在意义上与先⾏项密切不可分。如被省去,主句意思就含糊不清,甚⾄变得毫⽆意义。关系词和先⾏项之间⼀般不⽤逗号分隔。
(⼀)定语词组
①I have but one lamp by which my feed are guided. 我只有⼀盏指路明灯。
②It was so with the vast railroad yards with the crowded array of vessels she saw in the river. ⽕车站⼴⼤场地,河⾥鳞次梯⽐船只,她也同样不能理解。
③Before following her in her round of seeking, let us look at the sphare in which her future was to lie. 我们暂且把她找寻⼯作事搁下来不谈,先看⼀看她前途所寄托这个世界。
④...and the thread which bound her so lightly to girlhood and home were irretrievably broken ……⽽那些把她和少⼥时代以及故乡轻轻系住柔丝,不得不就此断绝了。
(⼆)并列从句
定语从句和状语从句翻译方法
三、翻译成状语从句
eg3: it was not until sixty years ago that a method of extracting aluminum ore was found which could lead to a cheap large-scale process. 直到60年前人们才找到开采铝矿的方法, 从而使低成本、大规模冶炼金属铝成为可能。
二、原因状语从句
(三)not...because的结构
在翻译由because引导的具有否定意义的
原因状语从句时,尤其要注意否定意义的表
达一定要确切。not与because发生关系,常
常要翻译成“并不是因为...”。
二、原因状语从句
eg1: I don’t teach because teaching is easy for me. 我之所以教书并不是因为教书对我来说 太容易 eg2: The machine did not move because the fuel was used up. 机器停了下来,并不是因为燃料耗尽了。
now that(既然),se源自文库ing that(既然),considering
that(考虑到,因为),in that(在某方面),in
view of the fact that(鉴于)。在翻译的时候,大 多数原因状语从句可以放在主句之前翻译。
[全]英语语法-定语从句的翻译方法详解
[全]英语语法-定语从句的翻译方法详解
定语从句的翻译
中文的定语从句:
1、前置定语
(1)一个词修饰另一个词,一般是前置:
例如:一个漂亮的女孩
清香的茶叶
著名的诗人
(2)一个短语或是一个句子或是多个句子修饰一个词,一般是前置:例如:坐在门口的孩子
拿着手机的小姑娘
昨天晚上趴在房上的小白猫
2、后置定语
古代汉语中存在定语后置的情况:
例如:中国疆域之辽阔,人口之众多,资源之丰富。“之”引起的定语后置的情况。
China has a vast territory, a large population and plentiful resources.
territory: n. 领土;地盘;范围
英文的定语从句:
一个单词修饰另一个单词,
1、一般是前置:
e.g: a pretty girl
a famous poet
2、后置:
(1)过去分词修饰名词,可以是后置定语,但不等同于所有的过去分词在修饰名词时都后置
e.g.: a child adopted
(2)以a-开头的形容词(也称为表语形容词)修饰名词时,一定要后置,基本上所有a-开头的形容词做定语时都要后置
e.g.: a physician alive
所有词组和句子修饰一个单词时都是后置,没有前置——定语从句。英文中的定语翻译成中文时,一定是前置
e.g: a boy standing under the tree
two women waiting for you
a kind of knowledge which can enlighten the whole world
定语从句翻译技巧
定语从句翻译技巧
在英语中, 定语从句很常见, 翻译时如不进行仔细分析就会出现误译。通过实例对定语从句的翻译技巧做一探讨, 并将这些翻译技巧赋予理论概念, 即定语从句定语化, 定语从句谓语化, 定语从句状语化。在把汉语翻译成带有定语从句的英语时,中国学生常常会受到母语的影响会出现误译。因此我们要对比英汉两种语言,以便避免汉语的负迁移。
一英译汉时定语从句翻译中的易错点
英语中的定语从句是在句中起形容词作用的结构, 通常分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。进行英译汉翻译时如不进行仔细分析,就会造成误译。比如,下面两个句子仅有一个逗号之差,含义却不同:
His brother who is a soldier is eighteen years old now.
His brother, who is a soldier, is eighteen years old now.
第一句应译为:他那个当兵的哥哥今年十八岁了。(含义为:他不止一个哥哥。句中的限制性定语从句起到限定的作用。)
第二句应译为:他的哥哥今年十八岁了,他在当兵。(含义为:他只有一个哥哥。句中的非限制性定语从句起到补充说明的作用。)
定语从句在英语中大量出现, 它有长有短, 结构有简有繁, 对先行词的限制有强有弱, 定语从句有时起着补充说明和分层叙述的作用, 或在逻辑上表示原因、目的、条件, 让步和结果等意义。在语序上, 英文定语从句置于先行词之后.。所以汉译时必须正确体会原文的
逻辑概念, 合理安排译文的语序。
二英译汉时定语从句的翻译方法
至简英语--定语从句--四个字
一.定语从句关系词的选择---4个字
缺啥补啥 ﹙前提:只看定语从句部分﹚ ↓
缺主宾—用代词
定语从句
↗ 不缺主宾—用副词
n/pron (_?__________________)
↓
↓
先行词 关系词
○关系代词(6选1) that 人物主(宾) who 人主(宾) whom 人(宾) which 物主(宾) whose 人的物的 定语---
5.This is the factory____Tom works.
6.This is the factory___3_Tom works in.
7.This is the time_w__h_e_n_Tom works out.
8.This is the problem_3__Tom worked out.
关系副词代词区别:
on(in) which
1. I’ll never forget the day(s) _w_h_e_n_=_____my
hometown was liberated. 2. I’ll never forget the days __3__we spent
together last summer.
1.I walked in our garden, _w__h_e_re__ Tom and Jim
were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. 2.Do you still remember the chicken farm __3__
定语从句的翻译
Chaplin lived the last year of his life in Switzerland , where he was buried in 1997.
卓别林晚年定居于1997年逝世后 安葬在那里的瑞士。
He insisted on building another house which he had no use for.
Apparently, it’s impossible for a translator to
put all the information into one Chinese sentence in the same sequence as in English. Therefore, a readable Chinese version of the above English sentences 3,4,5 should be like these: 3.这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫,那只老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。 4.这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫,那只老鼠偷吃了放在 房间里的蛋糕。 5. 这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫,那只老鼠偷吃了 放在房间里的蛋糕,房子是杰克修建的。
I told the story to John, who told it to his brother. 我把这件事告诉了约翰,约翰又告诉了他弟弟。 After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks,
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3.5. Translation of Attributive Clauses 定语从句的翻译
For the short attributives, we can often put them before the head nouns they modifies in translation, no matter they are restrictive or non-restrictive ones.
It is a consolation to know that they will surely carry on the cause for which Edgar Snow strove so faithfully all his life. (strive for sth. faithfully 为……奋斗不渝)了解到他们一定会继承爱德加·斯诺终生为之奋斗不渝的事业,这是令人欣慰的。
His laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence.
他富于感染力的笑声打破了沉默。
For longer attributives, we can often translate them into another clause(小句) or sentence through division.
They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.
他们正在为实现一个理想而努力奋斗,这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的,在过去,许多中国人曾为此献出了自己的生命。
A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat.
燃料是一种物质,在适当的温度下能够燃烧并放出热量。
For those sentences whose main clause is short while the attributive is long with the focus of message in it, we can usually combine the attributive clause with main one.
We are a people that have inherited ancient wisdom, that know the worth of biding one’s time and recognized opportunity for combat.
我们的民族继承了古代的智慧,懂得如何等待并善于抓住战机。
A true revolution is one that is devoted to human progress in all domains and that makes human progress the supreme and final object.
真正的革命,致力于人类的全面发展,并以此作为行动的终极目标。
There are some special attributive clauses which are attributives in form but equivalent of temporal, causal, adversative adverbial clauses, etc. (时间、原因、让步等状语从句)in meaning. Such clauses should be understood profoundly as to their relation to the main clause and translated flexibly as demonstrated below.
They were very angry with their daughter, who insisted on marrying that ugly old man.
他们非常生女儿的气,因为她坚持要嫁给那个丑陋不堪的老头儿。
Her refusal to obey him greatly incensed him who had never met that kind of opposition before.
她拒绝服从他,这使他大为生气,因为他从来没有遭到过那样的反对。
He would be a rash man who should venture to defy world public opinion and act arbitrarily. 如果有人胆敢公然蔑视世界公众舆论而一意孤行,那他一定是个卤莽之徒。
Don’t you feel it strange that she should be so much ungrateful to Jack, who did so much for her when she was in poverty? ungrateful:忘恩负义
杰克在她困难时帮了她那么多,她却对杰克如此忘恩负义,你不觉得奇怪吗?
Flexibly Translating Attributive Clauses Introduced by “as”(灵活翻译由as 引导的定语从句):
▼It is absolutely wrong to think foreign languages useless, as quite a few people did before.
认为外语无用是绝对错误的,不少人过去就有这种想法。
▼It was very cold that night, as it usually was.
那天晚上寒冷刺骨,这里的天气常常这样。