GM-1927-30 QSB Audit
GM1927全球供应商质量手册(中文)
GM计数器应用
G-M 计数器应用►实验原理本底计数率产生的原因是穿透大气层到达地面的宇宙射线（β和γ射线），以及地壳中的少量放射性物质激发G-M 计数管产生的脉冲。
本底计数率的来源见图102。
正常情况下，本底计数率约为30c/min 左右（上海地区数据）。
►实验器材 朗威®DISLab 、G-M 传感器、DISLab 教学放射源（图103）、计算机。
常用教学放射源包括威尔逊云室配套放射源和汽灯纱罩。
威尔逊云室配套的放射源是226Ra ，其表面有一层保护膜，使用可靠、安全。
普通汽灯纱罩是用浸过具有硝酸钍Th(No 3)4（具有微弱放射性）的苎麻或涤纶长丝做成的。
汽灯纱罩灼烧后的灰烬含有99％的二氧化钍ThO 2。
实验时可将汽灯纱罩的灰烬用胶水粘合在火柴梗上，使之成为一个球状放射源。
也可以直接将未经灼烧的纱罩放在纸袋中作为微弱放射源使用。
DISLab 教学放射源采用的是汽灯纱罩原料，并进行了妥善封装。
其安全性已接受上海市辐射环境监督检验所的检测。
►实验装置 如图104。
►实验过程与数据分析（1）将G-M 传感器接入数据采集器，可以观察到即使附近没有放射源，也图104 G-M 计数器应用实验装置图103 DISLab 教学放射源显示很低的计数率，此为本底计数率（图105）；（2）由实验可见，在实验环境固定的情况下，每一分钟的计数率都各不相同。
但经过统计分析发现，本底计数率呈现围绕一个平均值涨落的特征。
可见导致计数率产生的放射性现象存在随机性，这也是放射性衰变的重要特征。
（3）将G-M传感器接入数据采集器，测量一组本底计数率；（4）将威尔逊云室配套的放射源放置在距G-M传感器约10cm处，可以发现计数率比本底数显著增加（图106）。
此时的计数率减去本底数，就是该放射源的计数率；图105本底计数率测量结果（5）改用DISLab教学放射源，可发现计数率大大降低，但仍高于本底计数率（图107）。
由此可见，威尔逊云室放射源的放射性明显高于DISLab教学放射源；（6）在此基础上，教师可鼓励学生针对他们所感兴趣的随身物品进行测量，如手机、手表、计算器等等，此举有助于学生强化放射性普遍存在的概念，了解安全的辐射范围，掌握放射性测量的基本手段。
GM_1927-01_Project_Plan
Initial Control Plan Review
Control Plan Follow Up
GP12 & Production Control Plans
GP12 & Production Control Plans Updates GP12 Audit GM1927-33 (Compliance) Dimensional Report GM1927-32 GM1411 (if not full)
QSB or Greenfield Facility implementation Follow Up
QSB Audit GM1927-30 (Compliance) or Greenfield Assessment Checklist GM1927-31 Flow Chart Flow Chart Updates
7 Flow Chart 8 DFMEA
Flow Chart Follow Up
Initial -TR
Initial DFMEA Review
KCDS GMW15049 Workshop GD&T Workshop
DFMEA Follow Up
DRBFM for any design change
DFMEA Update
Global APQP Project Plan
GM GVDP 5.0 33/20 Global APQP Tasks -165 Commodity Key 1 Stakeholders Mtg 2 Technical Reviews 3 Supplier Eligibility
Pre-Sourcing Pre-Sourcing Pre-Sourcing Tiered Supplier APQP Assessment GM1927-7 CVER P Release -110 SVER P Release -98 IVER P Release -83
GM-1925
ForewordThe GM Fixture Standards for Suppliers of Production Material was developed to establish common GM supplier PPAP checking fixture standards worldwide. Previously, fixture standards existed at the divisional or unit level only.In 1996, a development team was formed which included representatives from GM Truck, Mid/Lux, and the Small Car Group. In addition, the development process included collaboration with Saturn, GM Powertrain, and GM Canada Group.Table of ContentsSubject Page Revision Information 3 I. Preface 4 II. Part Supplier Responsibilities 5 III. Design Concept 6 IV. Concept Approval 7 V. Design Requirements 7 VI. Build Requirements 10 VII. Certification Requirements 12 VIII. Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility 13 RequirementsIX. Maintenance Requirements 14 X. Glossary 15 XI. Appendix A 16 XII. Appendix B 17Revision InformationVersion Date Section Item1.0 12/97 Release Revisions, if any to this document will be documented on this page as shown. This listwill be extended as new revisions are made, retaining the old entries for documentation purposes. The versions will sequence 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, etc. for revisions. The section and item changed can be referenced to quickly locate any changes made from version toversion.This manual supersedes the following documents:∙Truck & Bus Checking Fixture/Gage Standards (T&B 391), December, 1989.∙MID/LUX Part Fixturing Design/Build Standards, April, 1996.GM Fixture StandardsI. PrefaceA. IntroductionIn accordance with The Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), TheAdvanced Product Quality Planning (APQP) Manual, and The ProductionPart Approval Process (PPAP), part suppliers will obtain fixtures, if andwhen required, to monitor their product as part of their quality plan.Production part suppliers shall utilize this manual in addition to their ownstandards and requirements when quoting, designing, and buildingfixtures for General Motors purchased parts.The GM Supplier Quality Engineer (SQE) may modify the standards to thegaging situation, if the engineer deems necessary, and then only withsupporting documentation.B. ScopeThe GM Fixture Standards summarize the minimum requirements thatapply to all GM supplier PPAP checking fixtures worldwide.Although this manual exists to provide a uniform process for theprocurement of PPAP checking fixtures, suppliers are encouraged toincorporate these standards into their in-process or sub-assembly gaging.In addition to these standards, the following manuals can be utilized forreference, where applicable:The GM P.E.D.-114 Checking Fixture/Gage Standards ManualThe manual provides standards for sheet metal body componentsand assembly fixtures.The NAO Fixture Standards for Suppliers of Pre-Production Material(Ref. NAO #0042)The manual provides body-in-white sheet metal part suppliers andmajor plastic part suppliers with guidelines for designing, building,and evaluating prototype inspection fixtures.II. Part Supplier ResponsibilitiesA. When fixtures are required, the part supplier is directly responsible for allelements of the fixture procurement process. In addition, the part suppliershall document all relevant activity. Due to the varying complexity ofcomponent parts covered under this document, the supplier must contactthe procuring unit to determine the appropriate extent of the GM SQE’sinvolvement.B. The Supplier shall ensure that the following apply to all fixtures:1. Are procured in a timely manner to meet program timing objectives,including GP-11 where applicable.2. Agree with functional part usage.3. Comply with part Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T)by honoring the datum scheme.4. Include the measurement of Key Product Characteristics (KPC’s)where applicable.5. Include, when required, variable data collection devices that arecapable of satisfying the AIAG Measurement Systems Analysis(MSA) requirements.6. Include the ability to discriminate part variation from nominal.C. In accordance with QS-9000 Element 4.11, the supplier shall establishand maintain documented procedures for measuring equipment control.This documentation should include:1. A dimensional inspection report. The use of a CoordinateMeasuring Machine (CMM) is preferred.2. Documentation of engineering changes.3. A Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility study.4. A fixture design print.The supplier shall maintain the change columns of both the fixture designand the fixture. The change column shall reflect the latest productiondesign level whether the fixture has been affected or not (see Section VI,Item P).The supplier is expected to resolve design problems in a timely manner.The design and construction source is responsible for immediatenotification that a problem exists. Any revision that changes the originalfixture cost must be approved by GM Purchasing.III. Design ConceptA. Prior to starting a fixture design, a preliminary design concept meetingshould be held. Core members expected to participate include thefollowing: the supplier fixture engineer, the fixture design/constructionsource representative, and the GM SQE. Other members may include:the GM Release Engineer, the Dimensional Engineering Engineer, amanufacturing plant representative, and the GM Purchasingrepresentative.B. The design concept shall consist of a sketch and a written description ofthe fixture with sufficient detail in order that the fixture design process canproceed. The design concept should not be as detailed as a completedesign, but it should include the following information:1. The part position in relationship to the fixture base. Body positionis preferred, however, other orientations may be appropriate tomaximize part/gage usage (e.g. first-use position). 90 degreeincrements should be used when deviating from body position.2. A datum scheme consistent with the specified GeometricDimensioning and Tolerancing.3. Details and devices for supporting the part.4. Proposed clamping techniques.5. Details and devices for inspection of features such as:* Key Product Characteristics* Feature lines* Functional holes* Historic areas of high process variability6. Acceptable construction materials based on fixture usage andenvironment to ensure functionality, repeatability, andreproducibility throughout the length of the part program.7. Mating or adjacent part representations or features whereapplicable.C. Operator ergonomics, part loading and unloading, and accessibility forCMM inspection and Statistical Process Control (SPC) data collectionshould be considered in the Design Concept. Operator usage should alsobe considered when fixtures are required on vehicle programs that areglobal in scope (Language for region of use).D. The X,Y,Z location(s) on product features where SPC data will becollected to monitor KPC’s shall be reviewed and approved by the GMSQE. Whenever possible, KPC’s on mating parts should be coordinatedtogether to obtain a one-to-one relationship in data results.IV. Concept ApprovalIf Concept Approval is required by the procuring division, the part supplier shallobtain Concept Approval by the GM SQE prior to initiating the fixture designprocess (see Section II, Item A).Any change which may occur during the fixture procurement process that hassignificant impact on the original concept should be reviewed with the GM SQE. V. Design RequirementsA. The Design source shall refer to the concept sketch and the writtendescription as the controlling expression of the design.B. All drawings should be full-size, and accurately represent the dimensionsshown. In addition:1. Details shall be complete in all views and must be dimensioned tomachined surfaces and/or body and/or work lines.2. All section views shall be referenced by section and sheet numbercorresponding to the call-out on the gage design drawing. (i.e.,SEC C-C or 100.0; Sheet 1).3. Drawings should include a representation of the part (phantom)shown in its gaging position. Line weight must be sufficient forreproduction.4. The stock list shall include all stock sizes, and must identifystandard items by supplier name and full catalog number.5. Fixture design details should be drawn separately from the fixtureassembly only when needed for build clarification.6. All dimensions should be in metric, however, the stock list maycontain items in standard English dimensions.7. Stock items (i.e., angle brackets, risers, hinge drops, slides, screws,dowels, etc.) should consist of standard commercially availablematerials whenever possible.8. Fixture designs may be generated utilizing either Computer AidedDesign software or manually drawn on 1.5 Mylar film.C. The environment in which the gage is to be used should be consideredwhen choosing the material, slides, pins, clamps, etc. to ensure that theyremain functional throughout the product program.D. The datum scheme shall be applied to the fixture design drawing and thegage. The general concept is to locate the part in three dimensions byuse of datum locators referred to as “primary,” “secondary,” and “tertiary”datums.E. Datum Hole Locator(s):1. Gage pins that are not used as datum locators shall not restrict partmovement in any direction not specified as a datum. This situationmay be addressed by utilizing a sliding or movable detail allowingmovement in the non-datum direction. The slide, however, shouldbe a precision slide in that it must not affect the specified locationtolerance for the datum locator.2. For attribute gaging to take full advantage of allowable tolerances,the part should be checked in the gage with datum locators madeat Maximum Material Condition (MMC). This pin may be attachedto a slide or movable detail to allow free movement in the non-datum direction.3. For variable gaging all datum locators are Regardless of FeatureSize (RFS), and shall be used to positively locate the part in thedatum direction specified. One way to accomplish this is to use aspring-loaded tapered pin. This pin may be attached to a slide ormovable detail to allow free movement in the non-datum direction.F. Datums that are positioned directly adjacent to a spotweld, seam weld orparting line shall be brought to the attention of the GM SQE. If the datumcannot be re-located, clearance shall be provided on the fixture detail tofacilitate gage R & R.G. Normal build practice notes, (i.e., dimensions for cable attachments orscrews and dowels) are not necessary on the fixture design.H. All details utilized for part inspection including check pin sizes shall beidentified on the gage design. In addition, all removable andinterchangeable details shall be identified including their associatedfunction. The use of color coding details has proven to be an effectivetechnique in communicating the use of multiple model applications on the same gage or fixture ( i.e., Buick, Chev.,Vectra, Omega, etc.).Interchangeable details require the following:1. Hardened steel bushings for locator pins.2. Permanently attached hand knobs.I. Cut lines (i.e. body grid lines) in bases larger than 48” should beconsidered when utilizing height gages for part evaluation.J. To ensure consistent dimensional checking from construction to certification, the design should include documented start points for basealignment on a coordinate measuring device. These points can be tooling balls, pins, blocks, or some other clearly identified zones on the base.K. The gage design shall be such that no detail overhangs the gage base when the detail is in any position.L. Showing redundant or right to left symmetry is not necessary on fixture designs. Wherever practical include only unique, one sided detailinformation with a “Symmetrical About C/L Except as Shown” note.M. All part information including math data used in the design and required for fixture construction must be identified on the fixture design.N. All changes to the fixture design shall be alpha-numerically indicated in a change notice block affixed to the upper right hand corner of sheet oneand ballooned throughout the design where applicable. A brief changedescription referencing the appropriate Engineering Work Order (EWO) or applicable engineering change number should be identified with eachchange event.O. Operator instructions and/or a sequence of operations on the use of the fixture shall be shown on the completed design. The use of multilingualoperator instructions should be considered where applicable.P. The production part supplier shall review the finished design with the design source and provide the fixture/gage design to the GM SQE whenrequested. The use of the Checking Fixture Design Check List isrecommended (ref. Appendix A).VI. Build RequirementsA. The construction source shall treat the design as the controllingexpression of gage construction.B. Whenever possible, all fixtures should be built to math data. Part designdrawing information should be utilized when math data is not available.1. Die models, die model dupes, cutter tapes, etc. if available areconstruction aids only.2. Surfaces of gages taken from any die models, die model dupes,etc. are to be completely checked and certified to engineering dataper above specifications.C. All datums, inspection details, clamps, and interchangeable details shallbe identified on the fixture in a visible location as shown on the design.D. For attribute checking details, the use of scribe lines, part outlines, andtrim lines are an acceptable method for part evaluation. An additionalalternative is to scribe a “Max/Min” line, capturing the theoretical nominaltrim line.E. For variable data collection devices, a standard zero block, with bushing,is to be mounted to the fixture base. The set-up dimension should be anominal value, i.e., 50.00 mm.F. Operator instructions and/or a sequence of operations on the use of thefixture shall be securely affixed to the gage. The use of multilingualoperator instructions should be considered where applicable.These must be the same instructions as shown on the fixture design(see Section V, item O).G. The use of eye-bolts for fixtures over 50 pounds is recommended.H. All weldments shall be stress relieved, unless prior approval is obtained bythe GM SQE.I. All loose and interchangeable details such as hand knobs and check pinsshall be permanently attached to the fixture. The use of self storing(restrained) devices or recoil type cables are recommended.J. The use of shims or shim stock is not an acceptable practice in the construction of GM checking fixtures.K. When templates are utilized, ¼” aluminum stock is an acceptable choice for template construction.L. All non-check fixture surfaces shall be painted medium blue.M. Any steel non-check details susceptible to oxidation should be coated in such a manner as to provide long term protection based on usage,environment, etc. Wipe-on solutions that are removed by normal handling of the details are not recommended.N. All check pins shall be manufactured from an acceptable material and hardness to ensure durability and functionality throughout the life of thepart program.O. Fixture Construction Tolerances1. All fixture details including fixture bases, datums, and inspectiondetails shall be accurately manufactured in order to ensure theaccuracy required for product inspection.2. General guidelines are as follows:a. All datums used to position the part in the gage are to belocated in the gage within +/- 0.10 mm.b. All fixture details such as check pins and bushings, detailsused for electronic measuring devices, etc. which check partfeatures are to be located within +/- 0.15 mm.c. Surface contour features for in-line/feeler checks are to bewithin +/- 0.15 mm.d. Trim line features for in-line/feeler checks are to be within+/- 0.20 mm.e. Templates are to be within +/- 0.25 mm.f. Sight checks are to be within +/- 0.50 mm.3. When certain part features drive deviations from the abovespecifications, the 1/10th rule can be utilized for fixture tolerancing.Ten percent of the tolerance specification indicated on the partdrawing for the particular part feature can be used for buildtolerances.P. A metal identification tag shall be affixed to each fixture with the following information at a minimum and updated as required:∙Part name(s).∙Less finish part number(s).∙Engineering change level.∙Product line, year, and usage.∙Build source name.∙“Property of General Motors.”If the fixture is utilized to inspect additional parts or assemblies, aseparate tag containing the drawing numbers, engineering levels, anddates may be required.Q. The production part supplier shall review the finished fixture with theconstruction source. The use of the Checking Fixture Build Check List isrecommended (Appendix B).VII. Certification RequirementsA. Prior to part supplier approval, the construction source shall inspect andcertify in writing the completed fixture.B. The certification must include at a minimum the following: datums, andfunctional gage features such as data collection devices, flush checks,nets, gage pins, pin locations, mating part representations constructionballs, etc.)C. The construction source shall develop an easily comprehensible X Y Ztype check sheet and/or coordinate print-out from a coordinate measuringmachine. The check sheet should be sufficiently documented to easilyrelate the check points back to the part drawing. An example is providedbelow:X Master X Check X Diff. Y Master Y Check Y Diff. Z Master Z Check Z Diff. Vec.Diff. Type Datum A23900.000 3899.942 -0.058 500.000 500.086 0.086 1592.500 1592.500 -0.000 0.1033 SurfRd Det #5 3MM Flr. Const.3910.000 3909.998 -0.002 -207.700 -207.812 -0.112 1605.000 1605.000 -0.000 -0.1119 SurfRdD. In addition to the certification provided by the construction source, anindependent third party audit should be considered at the discretion ofeither the part supplier or the GM SQE. The purpose of the certification isto have a third party verify dimensionally the master coordinates andpoints checked and documented by the build source.E. To ensure consistency in base alignment, the certification source shoulduse the same start points as the construction source, and not just arbitrarypoints.F. A copy of the certification is to be provided to the part supplier/ GM SQEwhen requested.G. When a fixture is inspected and found to be dimensionally incorrect orspecifications are not met, the part supplier is directly responsible toidentify the root cause and implement corrective action.VIII. Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility RequirementsA. The Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility process evaluates whetherthe fixture will function as a sufficient measurement device.B. The AIAG MSA Manual contains the recommended format for conductingthe Gage R & R Study. (see AIAG MSA Manual, Chapter II, Section 4)C. The initial functionality and repeatability tryout identifies obvious problemswith the measurement system and verifies design intent regarding gagefunctionality. The Range Method is a gage study which will provide aquick approximation of measurement variability. This method however,will not delineate variability into repeatability and reproducibility.For initial evaluation of datum scheme repeatability;1. Points selected for the Gage R & R study should be sufficient inquantity to evaluate each of the three (3) planes. The points on thepart should be selected in such a manner that they are farthestaway from the datum(s).2. Additional points may be required depending on the part size, andthe part flexibility.D. The Average and Range method is a mathematical method which willdetermine both repeatability and reproducibility for a measurement system.This method is required for PPAP.Guidelines for acceptance of an Average and Range Gage R & R studyare:1. Under 10% error gage system acceptable2. 10% to 30% error may be acceptable based on the importance ofthe application, gage cost, cost of repairs, etc.3. Over 30% error gage system needs improvement. Make everyeffort to identify the problems and have themcorrected.If there is any question whether the percentage of gage error listed in item2 above requires improvement, contact the procuring division SQE (seeSection II, Item A).E. Each Key Product Characteristic that utilizes variable data collectionrequires independent R & R evaluation.F. A Gage R & R study should be performed after any modifications aremade to the fixture which might affect the repeatability and reproducibilityperformance. (See Section IX, item B)IX. Maintenance RequirementsA. In accordance with QS-9000 Element 4.11, the part supplier must performregularly scheduled fixture maintenance (based on usage) to retain themeasurement capability of the fixture throughout the entire part program.B. The part supplier must continually update fixtures to the latest engineeringlevel, whether the ongoing changes affect the fixture or not. When anengineering change does affect fixtures, the gage must be modified, re-certified, and a Gage R & R study must be performed. This applies to anyengineering change which may take place throughout the entire length ofthe part program.X. GlossaryBody Position:The positioning of the part in the gage in the identical orientation the part willhave in the final assembled vehicle.Design Concept:The first level of development in the gage design process. The purpose of thedesign concept is to establish and document the requirements of the gage. Thiswill ensure the gage designed includes all the requirements of the part supplierand GM.First-Use Position:The positioning of the part in the gage in the identical orientation the part willinitially have in the assembly tooling as it is first assembled. An example of first-use position is a door ring which may be laying on its side as brackets arewelded to it in the assembly process.Gage Certification:The dimensional verification that the gage details (i.e. datums, SPC details, etc.)have been manufactured to facilitate accurate part measurement.Gage Design:The final construction drawings that will enable the gage builder to construct thegage intended for the part supplier.Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility:A measurement system analysis of the gage. The analysis is described in theAIAG Measurement Systems Analysis Manual.Key Control Characteristics (KCC’s):Process parameters for which variation must be controlled around some targetvalue to ensure that a Key Product Characteristic (KPC) is properly maintainedat its target value. Variation in KCC’s will cause variation in the correspondingKPC’s.Key Product Characteristics (KPC’s):Product characteristics for which reasonably anticipated variation couldsignificantly affect the product’s safety or compliance with governmentalstandards or regulations, or is likely to significantly affect customer satisfactionwith a product.X,Y,Z Check Sheet:A table which is used to document the dimensional inspection of a gage. Itconsists of columns representing the original design dimensioned coordinates,the coordinates of the actual built gage, and the deviation between the designdimensions and the actual dimensions.Appendix A Checking Fixture Design Check ListAppendix B Checking Fixture Build Check List。
GM 1927-03_SQ_SOR质量要求
1. Supplier Quality Base Requirements: 供应商质量基本要求•This document is intended to be used in conjunction with and is in addition to the GM General Standard Terms and Conditions.该文件被视为GM的一般标准条款，以及标准条款的额外补充。
•All suppliers are expected to supply parts to General Motors with zero defects. Parts shall meet all engineering specifications and function with no abnormalities according to intent。
所有供应商的供货应当是零缺陷的。
零件必需符合工程以及性能要求。
•Funding is to be identified in the initial quote and subsequent quotes to reflect error occurrence detection (poka yoke, error proofing devices, etc) and defect outflow prevention to customers. Controls implemented at a later date are the financial responsibility of the supplier.为了阻止缺陷外流给客户或因需要防错而产生了额外费用，该费用应当在最开始的报价或之后的几轮报价中反映出来。
后续控制所产生的费用应当由供应商自己承担。
2. ISO/TS 16949 - Quality System Requirements:质量体系要求：•All providers of a) production materials, b) production or service parts, or c) heat treating, plating, painting or other finishing services directly to General Motors must be certified to ISO/TS 16949 by a Certification Body (CB) recognized by the International Automotive Task Force (IATF) and have a current certificate availabledemonstrating compliance to GM supplements.所有与GM有关的原料，配件以及热熔焊，电镀，喷漆或其他加工服务，必须获得认证机构所颁发的TS16949认证并在有效期内。
GM产品开发流程
GVDP v5_Upd_trg.ppt/Don Smith/5/22/2006/version 6.0
Pre-VPI GVDP Overview
No Architecture Modifications
(outside of bandwidth)
(e.g. GMX211,GMX272, GMX386)
VPI
Lead Program Derivative Program(s)
(e.g. GMX 353, GMX 354)
Program Framing
Program Developme nt
Once printed this document is UNCONTROLLED, please refer to /gvdp
(for more information go to: / gvdp/asiapacific/index.html)
Once printed this document is UNCONTROLLED, please refer to /gvdp
INDEX
7
GVDP v5_Upd_trg.ppt/Don Smith/5/22/2006/version 6.0
Program Framing
The purpose of Program Framing:
• Develop common program vision and objectives with Leadership • Translate customer and corporate requirements into technical requirements • Understand the engineering solutions within the existing architecture Modifications as required within existing bandwidths • Develop the compatible boundary conditions captured in the DSI
GM Global APQP Requirements
APQP APQP APQP APQP
9
Global APQP Development
General Motors Global APQP
GM
• GM-1927 is the General Motors Common Global APQP Manual
General Motors Corporation
GM
General Motors Corporation
• APQP Project Plan Overview • APQP Kick-off Meeting
- SQ Requirements - Program Timing - Review Checklists - Identify common direction for the development and implementation of an APQP plan
Advanced Product Quality Planning
Worldwide Purchasing
November 2000
10
Global APQP Development
14
Global APQP Development
GM 1927 Documents and Forms
• Ordering:
Ordering information for all documents and manuals listed or referenced throughout this manual (GM 1927) is contained on page II
• Divisions and regions “Fine Tuned” the AIAG APQP process • Result was different direction for suppliers – different reporting formats for program updates – different timing charts for program events – varying levels of detail required at different times throughout the product development cycle • Additional variation occurred when SQE’s further “Fine Tuned the requirements and developed unique forms or timing charts etc.
模块化稳态荧光光谱仪 Fluorolog-QM
模块化稳瞬态荧光光谱仪Fluorolog-QM ™系列新一代高灵敏度、高灵活性滚滚长江东逝水Fluorolog-QM TM独特优势2Fluorolog-QM™第四代Fluorolog荧光光谱仪“仪器性能、通用性及操作便捷性的飞跃提升”反射式光路设计，保证全波长范围性能优化高灵敏度保证优异的杂散光抑制比，像差校正长焦长单色仪（单级：350 mm，双级：700 mm）新一代专业分析软件，满足所有稳态和寿命测试需求，具有多种全新功能扩展波长范围，从深紫外到近红外区域可同时连接4种光源和6个检测器，且全部由电脑控制，实现多功能测试即插即用，100 MHz脉冲光源，强化TCSPC寿命功能 近红外稳态和磷光寿命检测波长至5500 nm优化的光学设计，深紫外激发（低至180 nm），无臭氧DeltaDiode, DataStation, DAS6, FelixFL, FluorEssence, EzSpec, EzTime, NanoSizer都是3技术和应用Fluorolog-QM 涵盖广泛的发光相关研究材料研究 ● 地球科学4混合体系瞬时反应三维光谱偏振和各向异性磷光吸收及透射时间分辨发射谱滴定测试荧光/磷光寿命测试比率荧光量子产率微孔板分析仪微区分析低温荧光温度控制上转换时间相关动力学纳米材料科学化学分析科学生物物理学高分子化妆品材料研究食品科学石油化工地质学法医学光伏领域稀土元素环境科学制药行业•Food Science•Life Sciences5● 化学 ● 食品科学 ● 生命科学需要更深紫外的光源?6荧光光谱仪灵敏度测试的行业标准是根据水拉曼计算信噪比。
Fluorolog-QM的信噪比在标准测试中已被证实具有超高水平，并且是在使用超低功率光源条件下实现的。
分辨率对光致发光研究至关重要。
高质量的分辨率可实现材料科学和分析化学等研究领域至关重要的光谱细节表征。
分辨率是检测极窄光谱特征的关键，是研究无机材料和晶体相互作用过程的关键。
布朗安防系统D9000、G和GV2系列产品说明书补充
EN Owner’s Manual Supplement D9000, G & GV2 SeriesContents1.0Introduction (3)2.0Two-Man Rule (3)2.1Description (3)2.2Using the Two-Man Rule (3)3.0Early Ambush (4)3.1Description (4)3.2Using Early Ambush (4)4.0Easy Exit Control (5)4.1Description (5)4.2Using Easy Exit Control (5)5.0 Passcode Follows Scope (6)5.1Description (6)5.2Using Passcode Follows Scope (6)6.0Passcode-Controlled Menu (7)6.1Description (7)6.2Using Passcode Controlled Menus (7)7.0Invisible Walk Test (8)7.1Description (8)7.2Using Invisible Walk Test: (8)8.0 Door Activated Custom Function (10)8.1Description (10)8.2Using Door Activated Custom Functions: (10)9.0Access Level Control (10)10.0Door Control (12)10.2Using Door Control? (12)10.3Cycle Door? (13)10.4Unlock Door? (14)11.0Delete User [COMMAND 53] (15)12.0Add/Change User - [COMMAND 56] (17)12.1Description (17)2 Bosch Security Systems | 5/05 | 33267FBosch Security Systems | 5/05 | 33267F31.0 IntroductionThis document supplements the Security System Owner’s Manual(P/N: 71-06633-000) with the Function List features for the D9000 Series. The instructions for the commands listed in this document replace those commands in the Security System Owner’s Manual . Refer to the Owner’s Manual for the operation of your new security system and its other basic Function List features.2.0 Two-Man Rule2.1 DescriptionThe Two-Man Rule adds an extra step to the disarm process by requiring two unique pass codes to disarm an area from the same keypad. Configure this feature according to the guidelines specified in theD9412GV2/D7412GV2 Program Entry Guide (P/N: F01U003636).I have this feature.I do not have this feature.2.2Using the Two-Man Rule 1.Ensure the keypad shows idle armed text. 2.Enter a valid pass code with the authority to Passcode Disarm by pressing the [passcode digits] followed by the [ENTER] key. 3.The keypad shows a request for the SECOND CODE: 4. Enter a second valid pass code with the authority to PasscodeDisarm by pressing the [passcode digits] followed by the[ENTER] key. The second pass code must be different from thefirst pass code.The area is disarmed and ready for entry.3.0 Early Ambush3.1 DescriptionEarly Ambush adds an extra step to the disarm process by requiring an additional pass code to be entered to confirm the area is secure. The second pass code can be same as the first or a different one, depending on the configuration. The first entry disarms the area and the second entry stops an automatic timer from sending a duress event. Configured this feature according to the guidelines specified in the D9412GV2/D7412GV2 Program Entry Guide (P/N: F01U003636).I have this feature.I do not have this feature.3.2 Using Early Ambush1. Ensure the keypad shows idle armed text.2. Enter a valid pass code with the authority to Passcode Disarm bypressing the [passcode digits] followed by the [ENTER] key.3. Ensure the keypad shows idle disarmed text.4. The user can now search the area; however, the user must returnbefore the preset Early Ambush Time expires.5. Enter a second valid pass code with the authority to PasscodeDisarm by pressing the [passcode digits] followed by the[ENTER] key.6. The keypad shows confirmation that the second passcode wasaccepted and that the Early Ambush Window was canceled byshowing CODE 2 VALIDATED.The area is disarmed and ready for entry.4 Bosch Security Systems | 5/05 | 33267F4.0 Easy ExitControl4.1 DescriptionThe D9412GV2 / D7412GV2 Control Panels change from one armed state to another armed state without disarming. The Easy Exit Control feature reduces the number of keystrokes and simplifies system operation. This feature is available by default and is always on.4.2 Using Easy Exit ControlSwitching armed states from Master to Perimeter:1. Ensure the keypad shows idle master armed text.the[COMMAND] key. The keypad shows SYSTEM2. PressCOMMAND.3. Press [3] to Perimeter Arm.4. The keypad display shows the Exit Delay count down.5. Enter or exit the premises.Switching armed states from Perimeter to Master:1. Ensure the keypad shows idle perimeter armed text.2. Press the [COMMAND] key. The keypad shows SYSTEMCOMMAND.3. Press [1] to Master Arm.4. The keypad shows the Exit Delay count down.5. Enter or exit the premises.Bosch Security Systems | 5/05 | 33267F 55.0 PasscodeFollows Scope5.1 DescriptionThe Passcode Follows Scope feature is an optional arming and disarming restriction that can be enabled on keypads with access to multiple areas. When this feature is set to No, the keypad restricts Passcode Arming and Passcode Disarming to the home area of the keypad. When set to Yes, this feature allows users to arm or disarm all the areas that they and the keypad have access to. This feature causes no restrictions to the keypad scope as it pertains to any other command or arming method other than Passcode Arming or Passcode Disarming.I have this feature.I do not have this feature.5.2 Using Passcode Follows ScopeArming from a keypad with Panel Wide scope and Passcode Follows Scope enabled:1. Ensure the keypad shows idle disarmed text.2. Ensure you have a valid pass code with the authority to PasscodeArm in all areas.3. Enter your code by pressing the [passcode digits] followed by the[ENTER] key.4. The keypad shows ARMING: 12345678, to indicate which areasare about to enter exit delay and arm.5. The keypad shows the exit delay count down.6. Exit the premises.6 Bosch Security Systems | 5/05 | 33267FArming from a keypad with Panel Wide scope and Passcode Follows Scope disabled (default):1. Ensure the keypad shows idle disarmed text.2. Ensure you have a valid pass code with the authority to PasscodeArm in all areas.3. Enter your code by pressing the [passcode digits] followed by the[ENTER] key.4. The keypad shows the exit delay count down.5. Exit the premises.6.0 Passcode-Controlled Menu6.1 DescriptionWhen enabled, the system prompts users to enter a passcode before viewing the keypad function list menu. The system shows the user the menu options allowed according to their authority level; thereby, providing users only the commands and functions pertinent to them. Configure this feature according to the guidelines specified in theD9412GV2/D7412GV2 Program Entry Guide (P/N: F01U003636).I have this feature.I do not have this feature.6.2 Using Passcode Controlled MenusOn a D1255 keypad with the Passcode Controlled Menu enabled:1. Press the [ESC] key. The keypad responds with the ENTERPASSCODE display.2. Enter your code by pressing the [passcode digits] followed by the[ENT] key. The first menu item that you have authority to useappears.Bosch Security Systems | 5/05 | 33267F 7On a D1260 keypad with the Passcode Controlled Menu enabled:1. Press the [Menu>] soft key in the lower right corner. The keypadresponds with the Enter passcode: then press [ENTER] display. 2. Enter your code by pressing the [passcode digits] followed by the[ENTER] key.The first and second menu items that you have authority to use appear. 7.0 Invisible WalkTest7.1 DescriptionThe D9412GV2 / D7412GV2 has a function list menu item that allows the user to test invisible interior or perimeter controlled points that are within the scope of the keypad without sending a report to the central station. This is identical to the Service Walk Test except that it is restricted to invisible points.I have this feature.I do not have this feature.7.2 Using Invisible Walk Test:On a D1255 keypad with the Passcode Controlled Menu enabled:1. Press the [ESC] key.2. Press the [NEXT] key until INVISIBLE TEST?appears.3. Press the [ENT] key to activate the Invisible Walk Test function.The keypad shows the number of invisible points within the scopeof the keypad:### PTS TO TEST4. Press the [NEXT] key to see VIEW UNTESTED?.5. Press the [ENT] key to view the untested points. The keypadshows the total number of untested invisible points within thekeypad scope:### PTS UNTESTED.6. Press the [NEXT] key to view the first point’s name.8 Bosch Security Systems | 5/05 | 33267F7. Press the [ENT] key to view the point’s hardware state:1PT### NORMAL HW if it is normal1PT### OPEN HW if it is opened1PT### SHORT HW if it is shorted1PT### MISSNG HW if it is missing 8. Activate the point’s sensor and observe the appropriate statechange.9. Press the [NEXT] key to advance to the next invisible pointwithin the scope of the keypad.10. Repeat steps 7 through 9 until all points are tested.On a D1260 keypad with the Passcode Controlled Menu enabled:the[Menu>]soft key in the lower right corner.1. Press2. Press the [Next>] soft key until the Invisible Walk Test?appears.3. Press the corresponding soft key to activate the InvisibleWalk Test function. The keypad shows the number of invisiblepoints within the scope of the keypad:### points remain to betested.5. Press the [View untested pts>] soft key to see 6 pts untested.6. Press the [Next Pt>] soft key to view the first or next untestedpoint:[Point Text]Area #, Pt #[Point State] HW Next PT><Exit Prev PT>7. Where [Point State] can be NORMAL,OPEN,SHORT, or MISSNG.8. Activate the point’s sensor and observe the appropriate statechange.9. Repeat Steps 5 through 8 until all points are tested.Bosch Security Systems | 5/05 | 33267F 98.0 Door ActivatedCustom Function8.1 DescriptionThe D9412GV2 / D7412GV2 allow a custom function to be activated when user credentials are presented to a D9210B Door Controller Reader. The custom function executes as if the user performed a function at the keypad that is associated with the door controller.I have this feature.I do not have this feature.8.2 Using Door Activated Custom Functions:Executing the door’s custom function by a user that has authority to do so when disarming the area:1. Ensure the area you are about to enter is armed.2. Present your user credentials to the D9210B Door ControllerReader. The area disarms and the custom function executes.The area is now safe to enter.9.0 Access LevelControl9.1 DescriptionUse this function to manually enable or disable access authority levels assigned to users. This function can be used to temporarily disable a user’s access level instead of deleting and adding the user.I have this feature.I do not have this feature.10 Bosch Security Systems | 5/05 | 33267F9.2 UsingACCESS LEVEL CTL?1. Ensure the display shows idle disarmed text.2. Press the [MENU] key to enter the Function List, then press[NEXT] repeatedly until you reach the CHANGE LEVELCTL?prompt. Press [ENT].3. ACCESS LEVEL CTL appears indicating that you are affectingthe authority levels of cards or tokens and not passcodes. Press[ENT].4. ENTER LEVEL:appears. Enter the access authority level numberand press [ENT].5. If the access level is currently disabled, LEVEL # ENABLE?appears. If the access level is currently enabled, LEVEL #DISABLE?appears. Press [ENT] to accept the choice. ENTERLEVEL:appears again. Press [ESC].Bosch Security Systems | 5/05 | 33267F 1110.0 Door Control10.1 DescriptionThere are three sub-functions within the door control function. They are CYCLE DOOR?, UNLOCK DOOR? and SECURE DOOR?.CYCLE DOOR? momentarily unlocks a door to allow a person into an area. UNLOCK DOOR? unlocks a door to allow free access.SECURE DOOR? unlocks a door and prohibits access regardless of a user’s authority level.I have this feature.I do not have this feature.10.2 Using Door Control?1. Ensure the display shows idle disarmed text.2. Press the [COMMAND] key. The display shows SYSTEMCOMMAND.4. The first sub-function that appears is CYCLE DOOR?You cancycle through the three sub-functions by pressing [PREV] and[NEXT].12 Bosch Security Systems | 5/05 | 33267F10.3 Cycle Door?1. To momentarily unlock an access door and allow a person into anarea, press [ENT] at the Cycle Door? prompt.The display shows CYCLE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8if all doors are ina normal state and available. If a door is not in a normal state, thenumber of the door is replaced with one of the symbols indicatedin Table 1.Table 1: Key to SymbolsSymbol Description---Door is not active, not in scope, or user doesnot have access level authorityC Door is timed door sequenceU Strike and shunt are latched active (held open)X Strike and shunt are deactivated (secured)P There is a problem with the door; call yoursecurity company2. Enter the number of the door to cycle then press [ENT]. Thisdoor cycles and the display changes to reflect the new status ofthe doors. For example, to cycle Door 3, at the following prompt:CYCLE DOOR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8press [3], then [ENT]. The display shows:CYCLE DOOR 1 2 C 4 5 6 7 8Thisindicates that all doors are in a normal state, except for Door 3, which is cycled.[ESC]to leave this subfunction, or enter another door3. Pressnumber to cycle.Bosch Security Systems | 5/05 | 33267F 1310.4 Unlock Door?1. To unlock a door to allow free access, at the CYCLE DOOR?prompt, press [NEXT] to enter the UNLOCK DOOR?subfunction.The display shows UNLOCK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8if all doors arein a normal state and available. If a door is not in a normal state,the number of the door is replaced with a symbol indicated inTable 1.2. Enter the number of the door to unlock then press [ENT]. Thisdoor unlocks and the display changes to reflect the new status ofthe doors.For example, if you wanted to unlock Door 4, at the followingprompt:UNLOCK DOOR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8press [4]then [ENT]. The display shows:UNLOCK DOOR 1 2 3 U 5 6 7 8This indicates that all doors are in a normal state, except for Door4, which is unlocked.4. Press [ESC] to leave this subfunction, or enter another doornumber to unlock.10.5 Secure Door?1. To secure a door to prohibit access to users regardless of theiraccess authority level, at the CYCLE DOOR?prompt, press[PREV] to enter the SECURE DOOR?subfunction.The display shows SECURE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8if all doors arein a normal state and available. If a door is not in a normal state,the number of the door is replaced with a symbol indicated inTable 1 on page 12.2. Enter the number of the door to secure then press [ENT]. Thisdoor secures, and the display changes to reflect the new status ofthe doors.For example, to secure Door 5, at the following prompt:SECURE DOOR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Press [5] then [ENT]. The display shows:SECURE DOOR 1 2 3 4 X 6 7 814 Bosch Security Systems | 5/05 | 33267FBosch Security Systems | 5/05 | 33267F15This indicates that all doors are in a normal state, except for Door 5, which is secured. Press [ESC] to leave this subfunction, or enter another door11.0 Delete User[COMMAND 53] 11.1 DescriptionUse this function to delete a personal passcode from your system without assistance from your security company. You must know the user number for the passcode you want to delete.I have this feature.I do not have this feature.11.2 Using DEL USER ?1.Ensure the display shows idle disarmed text. 2.Press the [COMMAND] bar. The display shows SYSTEM COMMAND . 3. Press [5] and [3].4. The display shows DEL USER #. Enter the user number and press[ENT].5. USER ##(or user text, such as the name of the user, if this featurewas programmed into your system by your security company)appears allowing for confirmation. Press [ENT].If this is not theuser you wish to delete, press the [NEXT] or [PREV] key until thecorrect user name appears, then press [ENT].6. The display shows DELETE USER ##? Press [ENT] to delete user,and USER DELETED appears. If the user number is not in thesystem, NOT IN USE appears. If you made an error and do notwish to delete this user, press [ESC].16 Bosch Security Systems | 5/05 | 33267F12.0 Add/ChangeUser - [COMMAND 56]12.1 DescriptionUse this function to add or change a passcode or card without assistance from your security company. Before adding or changing a passcode orcard, you must know which user numbers are available, the authority level you want to assign to the new user, and the areas in which the passcode or card are valid.I have this feature.I do not have this feature.12.2 Using Add User ?1. Ensure the display shows idle disarmed text.2. Press the [COMMAND] bar. The display shows SYSTEMCOMMAND.3. Press [5] and [6].4. The display shows ENTER USER #. Enter the user number andpress [ENT].5. The display shows USER # (or user text, such as the name of theuser, if this feature was programmed into your system by yoursecurity company) to allow for confirmation. Press [ENT] if thecorrect user number (or user name) appears. Press [ESC] if not.6.ADD PASSCODE?appears (If the user number already exists,CHANGE PASSCODE?appears). Press [ENT].ENTER NEW CODEBosch Security Systems | 5/05 | 33267F 17appears. Enter the new passcode followed by [ENT].ENTERAGAIN appears. Enter the new passcode a second time forconfirmation. Press [ENT]. The display shows PASSCODE ADDED(or PASSCODE CHANGED if the user number was already in theSystems With Access Control...7. ADD LEVEL?(CHANGE LEVEL?If the user number alreadyexists) appears. Press [ENT].8. VALID AREA 1? appears. If you wish this user number to bevalid in Area 1, press [ENT]. If not, press [NEXT].9. AUTH LEVEL appears. Assign the authority level you wish theuser number to have for this area and press [ENT]. Record thisinformation.10. VALID AREA 2? appears. Enter the information necessary forthe areas in the scope of the keypad by following steps 8 and 9 foreach area (up to 8 areas). LEVEL ADDED(or LEVEL CHANGED)appears when all area assignments are made. Press [ENT].18 Bosch Security Systems | 5/05 | 33267FBosch Security Systems | 5/05 | 33267F 19。
GM_1927-16a_标签过程审核
Question Number问
Question问题 Is there a reaction plan for departures from the stated process?对规定过程的偏离有反应计划 么？ Do inspection work instructions include all requirements?检查工作指示书包括所有的标签 要求？
Assessment评估 Not Needs Immediate Satisfactory Action
Question Number问
Question问题 Is there a history of label issues?标签是否以前 就出现过问题？ Do you have a label specific PFMEA?是否有一 个标签特殊PFMEA？
21
Ref. GM1927.参照GM1927
Audit Owner: Tom Lopiccola
Change History
Date 2009/6/2 Version Initial Release Change Summary
3 of 3
6
Are proper work instructions available for each packaging operation? Are they followed?是否每 Conduct layered audit. Look for evidence of management layered 个包装作业提供适当的作业指导书？他们都遵循 audit.进行分层审核。寻找管理层次审计证据。 么？
GM 1927-33(SGM) GM Global GP-12 Audit 090313
15. Are boundary samples available and
0
used? 操作人员是否有合格的边界样品并正确使
用?
18. Is there a reaction plan established
0
and documented for each defect found? 针对发现的每个缺陷是否建立相关的行动
Auditor Phone: 审核员电话
SGM Division: SGM 区域
Technical Information Availability/技术信息
0
2. Approved Drawing 批准图纸
Potential总分 8
0%
Quality System Documentation/质量系统文件
RED RED RED RED
RED
Pts Element Scoring 要素评分
0
Element is not in place and no evidence of plans to implement 公司现在没有该要求项并且没有证据表明公司有实施计划
1
Element is not in place but a plan to implement is documented 公司现在没有该要求项，但公司已经制定了实施计划
所有பைடு நூலகம்量具都制订了适当的操作指导书？
14. Have operators been trained effectively to follow Standardized Work? 0 操作工经过了有效培训去执行标准化操 作？
17. Are Error Proofed operations checked in GP-12 to verify error proofing 0 effectiveness? GP-12中是否对防错操作进行检查，以验 证防错的有效性？
highly accelerated life test
Test ProcedureAnalysisGMW8287Highly Accelerated Life TestingHighly Accelerated Stress Screening and AuditingIndex 1Purpose 12Scope 23Definitions24HALT Requirements44.1Staffing Requirements 44.2Equipment Requirements 44.3T est Samples54.4Functional Testing Requirements 64.5T est Reporting and Documentation 64.6HALT T est Procedure64.7Reaction T o The HALT Results 94.8Records104.9Graphic of The Total HALT Process 105HALT in preparation for HASS/HASA (only if HASS/HASA is to follow)115.1Lower 70%Confidence Bound Calculations115.280%to 50%Safety Margin Calculations 126HASS/HASA126.1HASS Explained 136.2HASA Explained136.3HASS/HASA Preparation for Production136.4HASS In Operation 156.5HASA In Operation156.6Interaction Between Customer and Contract Manufacturer Relative T o HASS/HASA 167Periodic Re-HALT177.1Re-HAL T Assessment Method 177.2Degraded Design Margin177.3How Often Should Re-HAL T Be Conducted 178Summary 179References 179.1Normative 179.2GM179.3Additional 1710Coding System 1811Release and Revisions 1811.1Release18Note of Disclaimer:The use of the acronym “HALT”has become universally used and accepted by a wide range of industries as a generic reference to a specific type of accelerated testing which uses a combination of very rapid temperature change and all axis broad-band vibration.This acronym has also become the service mark of the Qualmark Corporation to denote their version of this type of test chamber.The inven-tor,teacher,and name giver of the HALT process,Dr.Gregg Hobbs,founded Qualmark and thus the HAL T name is most closely associated with that company.Several manufacturers now produce “HAL T like”test chambers and General Motors does not endorse any one brand over any other brand,even though the most commonly used acronym of HALT is used exclusively in this document.1PurposeThis standard is intended for use as a guideline in performing the HALT and HASS/HASA process and using the resulting data in a valid statistical control process to stabilize and improve the product.This standard presents an acceptable and certifi-able process for implementing a “common process”across diverse organizations.The goal of defining©Copyright 2002General Motors Corporation All Rights ReservedOriginating Department:North American Engineering Standards,Records and DocumentationFebruary 2002Page 1of 18Reproduced by IHS under license with GMWDocument provided by IHS for ZTE CORPORATION, Order Number W0214015 on 2004/2/173:13:39 GMT. No reproduction or networking permitted.--``,`,,,,``````````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---GMW8287GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDSthe requirements of the HALT and HASS/HASA process provides the framework for qualification of a company’s HALT and HASS/HASA process through means of an audit.Adherence to this standard will provide the potential for companies to achieve optimal HALT and HASS/HASA effectiveness.The first step,HAL T,typically results in more robust and quicker to market products.HALT is considered to be the physical test,the root cause analysis,and the corrective action.All three are critical,as the test alone will make no difference in the robustness of the product.The increased level of robustness achieved during development with HALT will be maintained during production during steps two and three using the HASS/HASA process.The data and information obtained during HASS/HASA is most useful when good statistical process control methods are applied. These methods include control charts to view and react to the data from a“signal to noise”point of view. The other quality control method that should be used is the use of Pareto charts to assist in identification of the root cause of problems and maintain focus on the vital few causes that dominate the source of problems.2ScopeThe process elements to successfully implement and perform HALT and HASS/HASA are defined in this document.The following identifies technical respon-sibilities,equipment requirements,testing practice competencies,and statistical quality control methods that will optimise the total process.Adherence to this document will provide management and test personnel with a common process that represents a collection of“best practices”.Procedures are explained in detail;however,the basic nature of the HALT process is one of discovery that requires flexibility of process as it progresses.Consider the HALT related numerical values and procedures a general guideline.Each product that is destined for the HALT process will dictate its own unique set of test values and stress steps.Accept the ambiguity that is intrinsic to an explorative development test. This standard applies to a diversified mix of product segments,including electronic assemblies,elec-tro-mechanical assemblies,and may be applicable to certain mechanical assemblies as well.3DefinitionsAccelerometers-Measuring devices used to measure the accelerations occurring on a product in a particu-lar direction.These devices are typically attached to the product with Cyanoacrylate adhesive(super glue) or Hot Melt adhesive.The use of the accelerometer on the product is critical in HALT to assess the level of energy that is being conveyed into the product via fixturing method from the table input.Broadband Vibration-Vibration that contains energy over a broad frequency range(i.e.(2...10000)Hz). Corrective Action(CA)-A change implemented in a design or process to eliminate a product weakness or flaw.Corrective actions may include changes in parts or material sources,product design,and production process changes.Destruct Limit(DL)-the stress level where one or more of the product’s operating characteristics are no longer within specification.The product is damaged and does not recover when the stress is reduced(i.e. hard failure).Upper Destruct Limit(UDL)Lower Destruct Limit(LDL)Functional T est-A test of the product that measures functionality,product operation,and critical param-eters to determine if product failures have occurred or to determine changes in performance(i.e.the product fails to perform to specifications or degrada-tion has occurred within the product).This test may include internal diagnostics and functional testing is performed throughout the environmental stresses of HALT and/or HASS/HASA.GlidePath-The GlidePath maps the percentage of production that will be screened versus time,between the initial HASS(100%screening)and final HASA (audit based screening).The GlidePath occurs be-tween pilot and full rate production,and is paced to ac-count for the increase in production rate and the rate of problem resolution.The mapping process helps forecast the equipment and operational needs to in-sure that an acceptable minimum level of production can be screened according to plan.Grms-Vibration induced acceleration forces,where G is the unit-less value of acceleration relative to grav-ity.The Grms value is the square root of the area under the Power Spectral Density Plot.This mathe-matical product is referred to as a root mean square. HALT(Highly Accelerated Life T est)-a process that utilizes a step stress approach in subjecting prod-ucts to varied accelerated stresses to discover design limitations of the product.HALT is intended to dis-cover the stress limits of a product and identify prod-uct weaknesses.This information is used to assist in product redesign decisions.©Copyright2002General Motors Corporation All Rights ReservedPage2of18February2002 Reproduced by IHS under license with GMW Document provided by IHS for ZTE CORPORATION, Order Number W0214015 on 2004/2/173:13:39 GMT. No reproduction or networking permitted.--` ` , ` , , , , ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` -` -` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` ---GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW8287HASS/HASA-A screening operation that uses the equipment and parameters from HALT to apply a mixed thermal cycle/vibration stress pattern to detect weaknesses in production product.HASS represent-ing a screening of100%of production and HASA representing an audit based screen(5%to10%of production).HASS/HASA Fixture-A uniquely designed struc-tural fixture that holds a grouping of product to be screened.This fixture is specifically designed for a unique product,or group of products,and will be used in screening those type products routinely during production.HASS/HASA Screen Profile-A mixed thermal cy-cle/vibration stress pattern that is used to precipitate and detect latent weaknesses within the production product.This profile is derived from the operational limits defined during the preceding HALT activities.A general"rule of thumb"suggests that80%of the ther-mal operating limits and50%of the vibration operat-ing limits be used as a starting point for this screen. Operational Limit(OL)-the stress level prior to where one or more of the product’s operating characteristics are no longer within specification.The product recov-ers when the stress is reduced(i.e.soft failure). Upper Operating Limit(UOL)Lower Operating Limit(LOL)Pareto Charts-A histogram of the source of problems occurring during the screening operation.The his-togram is organized such that the highest frequency events or sources appear at the far left side of the graph.This chart is used to focus attention on those problems that represent the"vital few"while distin-guishing these from the"trivial many"that may cause a distraction.The Pareto name comes from an Ital-ian economist,Vilfredo Pareto(1848-1923),whose study of Italian economics revealed that20%of the population of Italy controlled80%of that nation’s wealth.This80%to20%rule is now used in many fields of science to maintain focus on the"vital few". "P"Chart(Control Chart)-A statistics based quality control chart that plots the fraction defective occurring in a screening process over time.The chart displays the fraction defective from an on-going set of samples, the average fraction defective over some control pe-riod of time is shown as a dashed centerline,and an upper and lower control limit provides a means of dis-tinguishing the"signals"from the"noise".Pseudo Product-A location where the"prod-uct"thermocouple is attached as feedback to the HALT/HASS/HASA chamber controls.This could be an actual"slave"product,continuously re-screened and never sold,or a thermal mass located such that it thermally reacts similar to the product being screened.Power Spectral Density(PSD)-A measurement of the amplitude and frequency content of a random vi-bration spectrum,expressed in units of g2/Hz.Also commonly referred to as Acceleration Spectral Den-sity(ASD).Quasi-Random Vibration-Non-periodic vibration that possesses all frequencies within a band limit and hav-ing continuously varying amplitude and phase that is specified as a probability that it will exceed a given value during a time interval.Re-HALT-A process that is periodically performed to insure that the risks of removing excessive life from the product are controlled when a long term screening operation is in operation.Repetitive Shock Vibration(RS)-A vibration originat-ing from a repeated shock impulse excitation.Typ-ically created from pneumatic hammers impacting a vibration table to which test samples are attached. Root Cause Analysis(RCA)-Identifying the true cause of a weakness or flaw.Fully understanding what failed and why.This process may require the use of failure analysis tools,such as a scanning electron microscope.Standard Deviation(s)-The standard deviation of the sample.This value provides a measure of the variabil-ity embodied in this group of numbers.Six Degree of Freedom Vibration(6DOF)-Vibration that has simultaneous acceleration energies in three translations and three rotations.Step Stressing-An experimental process of sequen-tially incrementally increasing a stress level to identify product limitations.Thermocouples-T emperature sensors that are cre-ated when two dissimilar metals are joined,i.e.fused together.A thermoelectric current flows and creates a voltage potential proportional to temperature. Tickle Vibration-A low level of vibration that is in-tended to allow fractured joints or attachments to give evidence of their broken condition.High vibration lev-els will quickly accelerate the fracture of weak design areas,however,the weakness will frequently not be-come evident until the product is returned to a low vi-bration levels,allowing the fractured joints to become intermittent.©Copyright2002General Motors Corporation All Rights ReservedFebruary2002Page3of18 Reproduced by IHS under license with GMW Document provided by IHS for ZTE CORPORATION, Order Number W0214015 on 2004/2/173:13:39 GMT. No reproduction or networking permitted.--``,`,,,,``````````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---GMW8287GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDST-score value-A number that is used as a multiplier for the standard deviation of the mean to calculate a lower confidence interval boundary for the screen-ing parameters.This value is a function of the con-fidence chosen and the degrees of freedom(sample size minus1).The letter"T"comes from the mathe-matician William S.Gosset,who chose to publish his work under the pen name"Student".We know Mr. Gosset’s work as the Student-T distribution;appro-priate for small sample sizes.Xbar-The average or mean of a group of numbers. 4HALT Requirements4.1Staffing Requirements.4.1.1The HALT team should include those individ-uals involved in the design and test of the product. HALT testing typically will require multiple disciplines within the facility to cooperate.These disciplines in-clude design engineering and test engineering exper-tise on the product to HALT.It is expected that de-sign engineering will assist in the development of the product functional test(including identifying additional stresses which could help to precipitate defects),pro-vide support during the HALT test,and in the fail-ure analysis process(e.g.troubleshooting defects). These individuals need not be present during the en-tire HALT,but must be available on an as needed ba-sis.Other disciplines to include are reliability engi-neering,manufacturing engineering,and the person-nel who run the HALT system,if they are not part of the aforementioned groups.Each discipline shall take responsibility for their area of expertise as HALT result issues arise.4.1.2The HASS/HASA team is based within a manu-facturing environment but may be the same team that was responsible for HALT.This team will finalize the screening profile that is applied,perform the Safety of HASS process,and operate the day-to-day screen-ing operation.This team will also manage the infor-mation and data obtained from the screening process and should maintain the Statistical Control Chart("P" Chart)and Pareto charts as defined above.4.1.3A failure analysis lab(in-house or outside lab) may be required to determine root cause analysis on failures found during HALT.4.1.4Cross-Functional Committee Meetings. This committee should meet on a regular basis(i.e. monthly)to define HALT test requirements,review past HAL T results and develop test plans for future testing.Records shall be maintained on the decisions of the meetings.These meetings shall occur prior to and subsequent to the product HAL T.4.1.4.1Pre-HALT Meeting Agenda.The critical top-ics of discussion include defining the HALT test spec-ifications,the product functional test requirements, method of fixturing the product to the table,product components and/or locations to monitor with thermo-couples and accelerometers.4.1.4.2Post-HALT Meeting Agenda.A review of HALT results including discussion of failures and cor-rective action planning.4.1.5The test facility shall have a technical manager who has overall responsibility for the technical opera-tions of the HALT test area.4.2Equipment Requirements.4.2.1HALT and HASS/HASA Chamber Require-ments.The equipment required to perform HAL T testing must be capable of producing thermal and vi-bration energy stresses as defined below,and to cre-ate these stresses in a combined environment,i.e. the chamber must have thermal and vibration capa-bility within one chamber.4.2.1.1Vibration.Chamber technology for HAL T is a repetitive shock vibration that functions with6degrees of freedom(3linear and3rotational).The vibration is quasi-random in nature and maintains a true Gauss-ian long tailed distribution of energy.4.2.1.1.1Broadband energy exists from 2Hz to10000Hz.4.2.1.1.235Grms minimum vibration table output with no table loading.4.2.1.2Thermal.The goal is to force rapid thermal change rates on the product.It is additionally im-portant that the chamber has sufficient air velocity to produce the desired rapid thermal rates of change as measured on the product and to maintain thermal sta-bility.4.2.1.2.1High rate of change(the minimum air tem-perature rate-of-change should be45 C/min).4.2.1.2.2Thermal range from-80 C to+170 C. 4.2.2Laboratory Test Equipment.Product re-sponse data is acquired during the HALT process. This data includes thermal,vibration and product functional performance.4.2.2.1The collection and storage of thermal data is required to provide credible evidence that thermal stress was applied to the product.This may be achieved by utilizing available thermocouple moni-toring channels of the HALT test system or the use©Copyright2002General Motors Corporation All Rights ReservedPage4of18February2002 Reproduced by IHS under license with GMW Document provided by IHS for ZTE CORPORATION, Order Number W0214015 on 2004/2/173:13:39 GMT. No reproduction or networking permitted.--``,`,,,,``````````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW8287of a data acquisition instrument capable of multiple channel measurements.4.2.2.2The collection and storage of vibration data is required to provide credible evidence that vibra-tion stress was applied to the product.This may be achieved by utilizing available accelerometer monitor-ing channels of the HALT test system or the use of a spectrum analyser instrument capable of measur-ing sensors(e.g.accelerometers)and displaying the data.4.2.2.3Accelerometers for the measurement of prod-uct response from vibration.These accelerometers should be low mass type(e.g.4g),with frequency response capability of2Hz to10kHz,and a mea-surement range of±500x g n(Standard acceleration of free fall:g n=9.80665m/s2).The accelerome-ters should be small enough to be mounted in the de-sired location,and light enough that their mass does not significantly impact or alter the vibration dynamic characteristics of the sample tested.Examples of appropriate accelerometers are PCB brand models 352A10and352C22(examples only,similar products may be used).4.2.2.4Thermocouples for the measurement of product thermal response.The use of thermocouple wire is required.Thermocouples used for HALT should have sufficient stability characteristics through the temperature range of the chamber(approximately -100 C to+200 C).The thermocouple wire gauge shall be22or less.4.2.3Test Equipment Set-up Requirements.The HALT system and ancillary test equipment set-up and operation is performed in accordance with manufac-turer’s instructions.4.2.3.1Verify that all test equipment to be utilized for the HAL T is calibrated and operable.Document the test equipment in the test reporting documentation in-cluding equipment description,model number,serial number,and calibration status.4.3Test Samples.The test samples should be uniquely identified by a serial number or other means of identification.4.3.1Test Sample Set-up Requirements.4.3.1.1Ensure that a thermocouple(product thermo-couple)is properly attached to the test sample to pro-vide the reference for chamber thermal set-point ad-justment.This is the thermocouple used for HALT control systems that use a closed loop feedback ther-mal measurement for chamber temperature control. The product thermocouple is attached to a location that provides an accurate approximate average of the temperature of the sample.The product thermocou-ple should be placed on an exposed surface on the test unit,preferably in an area of relatively low ther-mal mass.This thermocouple should not be placed on or near a heat-generating component,or inside a totally closed portion of a product.A typical location would be on top of a large non-heat generating chip. The thermocouple wires should be attached to the cir-cuit board with Kaptan adhesive tape and the thermo-couple should be glued to the chip with Loctite ther-mally conductive adhesive.The thermocouple should be electrically isolated from the active product circuit with an insulating band of Kaptan tape.The top of the thermocouple should be covered with a coating of the adhesive to insure that the temperature of the board is measured and not the air passing over the thermo-couple.Document the location of this thermocouple to minimize variation when future testing is conducted. Photographic documentation is preferred.4.3.1.2Secure the test sample(s)to the vibration ta-ble using a suitable test fixture that maximizes the transferral of thermal and vibration energy to the sam-ple.The goal is to stimulate products tested to ac-celerate fatigue damage and uncover product weak-nesses.Therefore,optimisation of maximum stress to the product is beneficial.4.3.2Product size and weight should be taken into account when determining feasibility of a particular chamber to properly stress the product.4.3.3Thermal transition rates on the sample may be improved by modification of the test sample(s)cover-ings.This may include the removal of panel/covers or perforation of the cover by drilling holes.4.3.4Product response thermocouples are attached to adequately assess the response of the sample(s) to the thermal environment.Examples:components that may be sensitive to thermal transitions,compo-nents designed to respond to temperature,and on a high mass portion of the sample to provide a measure of the dwell time necessary to achieve temperature stabilization.4.3.5The goal for vibration is efficient transmission of table energy to the sample(s).4.3.5.1A minimum of one(1)sample response ac-celerometer is affixed to the test sample.The ac-celerometer can be attached with either Cyanoacry-late adhesive(super glue)or hot melt adhesive.This requirement is performed prior to the Vibration Step Stress portion of the HAL T.Document the location of this accelerometer to minimize variation when future©Copyright2002General Motors Corporation All Rights ReservedFebruary2002Page5of18 Reproduced by IHS under license with GMW Document provided by IHS for ZTE CORPORATION, Order Number W0214015 on 2004/2/173:13:39 GMT. No reproduction or networking permitted.--``,`,,,,``````````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---GMW8287GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDStesting is conducted.Photographic documentation is preferred.4.4Functional Testing Requirements.The func-tional test of the sample under test should be ade-quate to determine the performance of the sample and the occurrence of multiple types of failure modes. The test must exercise the major functions of the prod-uct with a feedback measurement of performance of these functions.The goal of the functional test is to achieve100%test coverage,or as complete test cov-erage as is possible,of the sample under test.4.4.1Product Specific Stresses.These stresses are specific to the product tested and are performed during each step stress to enhance additional failure precipitation and detection.These stresses should include power cycling,and may include intentionally varying the line voltage,line frequency,DC supply voltage,on-board oscillator frequency,output load-ing,and any others that are applicable.These prod-uct specific stresses are incorporated into the func-tional testing and should be performed at each level of stress throughout the HALT process.4.4.2The functional testing of the sample under test must be documented.The documentation shall pro-vide definition of the amount of test coverage,in per-centage,and include a detailed description of the test performed,identifying how and what is tested on the product.Documentation shall also provide evidence of how the functional test objectives as defined in the Pre-HAL T meeting were achieved.4.4.3Before beginning the HAL T process,the test sample(s)is subjected to one or more cycles of func-tional testing to verify the integrity of the test set-up and obtain baseline performance information for the test samples,if applicable.4.4.4At each level of applied stress,functional test-ing is performed on the sample to evaluate the opera-tion of the sample.Documentation shall detail the oc-currences of sample degradation and the conditions at which they occurred,including the operating and destruct limits of the sample and any other important comments.4.5Test Reporting and Documentation.4.5.1Data Collection and Storage Requirements.4.5.1.1The HALT data is compiled and stored in suf-ficient detail and quantity that the flow of the process can be easily followed and the test sequence repro-duced if required.Product response measurements and the HAL T system data including temperature data and vibration data are collected during the HAL T.4.5.1.2The HALT process documentation shall accu-rately and clearly present the test results and other test related relevant information.The documentation shall contain:•Identification of the person(s)who performed the HALT•Make,model and serial number of all test equip-ment used•Identification of the samples tested by a unique identifier(e.g.serial number)including software re-vision level•Deviations from the HALT process noted•Dates of testing•Description of the product fixturing used during testing,and photographs should be included to support the description•Specific thermal and vibration data measurements (supported by tables,graphs,photographs as ap-propriate)•Locations of product response sensors(thermo-couples and accelerometers)•Description of the functional testing performed on the samples•Performance of the test samples to the HAL T stresses,detail the occurrences of sample degra-dation and the conditions at which they occurred, including the operating and destruct limits of the sample and any other important comments•Root cause analysis(RCA)information and results•Corrective action(CA)implemented4.6HALT Test Procedure.This section of the standard defines the methods or activities that are performed during the actual process of performing a HALT on a product in a test facility.4.6.1Thermal Step Stress Test.4.6.1.1Thermal Step Stress shall begin at ambient temperature(defined as(+20...+30) C).The maxi-mum"high"temperature should be identified prior to test based on the phase change limitations of the ma-terials involved.Plastic cases should be removed to allow electronics to reach higher temperatures.The test should never allow for the phase change of ma-terials.The legitimacy of the temperature test will "hinge"on not creating intentionally foolish failures. The step increments usually occur in10 C steps,but may be increased to20 C steps when appropriate.©Copyright2002General Motors Corporation All Rights ReservedPage6of18February2002 Reproduced by IHS under license with GMW Document provided by IHS for ZTE CORPORATION, Order Number W0214015 on 2004/2/173:13:39 GMT. No reproduction or networking permitted.--` ` , ` , , , , ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` -` -` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` ---。
分层审核检查表-QSB
数据）。
果对于一个参数或者零部件有唯一性可追溯性要
CNC 1
根据成品的可追溯
X性 规级 则别，，保实持施FIF追O溯
。
3）设备布置及材料、在制品的存储区的设计应有助于FIFO， 容易识别不符合FIFO的状况。 4）当FIFO不能被严格遵守时，有无应对方案将风险降到最低 （例：库存周转）。
求：选择一个成品检查该产品相关的零部件/过 程的追溯。 - 确保分层审核(LPA)检查表覆盖可追溯性 - 精确计算：检查在来件料、过程参数或者返修
艺过程。跟踪一个返工返修零件，观察处理，鉴 定识别和重返生产线是如何进行的。
工返修批准（必要时得到客户批准）机制和放行责任。
5）零部件的重新使用被认为返工返修操作，重新使用的零部件
必须在成品上进行跟踪。
6）每个返工返修零件通过特殊标识、记录的序列号等方式追溯
。1）所有让步零件都要当作可疑零件处理
’- 被审供应商工厂申请让步接收的历史纪录
小组降低客诉 - 在FR会上的问题清单中需要体现此项工作并
对其进行跟踪。
Control of Nonconforming Product 不合格品控制
1) 过程开发要考虑可溯性要求（包括N级供应商零件），与客 ‘- 检查在制件和可疑品的最后一道操作是否得到
户达成一致并在每个制造过程中运用。
识别
2）在全过程中应标识产品质量状态和加工状态（实物和过程 - 当有可追溯要求时，通过一个零件来检查。 如
2.遏制 3.根本原因 4.纠正措施 5.措施验证 6.横向展开及 -检查问题解决方法是否有效使用，核心“6步”是
存在规范的问题处 标准化）
否运用，尤其是是否找到真正的根本原因并且是
FR4
GM_APQP-Gate-Reviw
Supplier Program Reviews
Subcontractor Status Update GM 1927-25 Available Process Capability Data GM1927-20 Tiered Supplier Management Plan Review Tiered-Components inf o GM1927-23 / 26 GM1927-2 Update GM1927-5 Update QSB or Greenf ield Facility implementation Follow Up
I
I A I I I A I I
Gage, Tooling and Equipment Reviews 检具、工装与设备评审 GP-11 Pre-prototype & Prototype 预样件和样件 PFMEA Development Control Plan 控制计划 EPC(Early Production Containment,GP-12) 早期生产遏制GP12 PPAP 生产件批准 Run @ Rate (GP-9) 按节拍生产 Lessons Learned 经验教训
Gate Re vie w 1 - Kick -Off M e e ting Within 30 days of nomination
APQP Supplie r Status Work book GM 1927-34 Kick -off Che ck lis t GM 1927-14 Warranty Data / Reduction Plan GM & Supplier Program Contacts GM1927-17 Tiered Supplier Management Plan draf t Tiered-Components inf o GM1927-23 / 25 Tim ing Plan GM 1927-2 Open Issues List GM1927-5
TS16949英文版
General Motors Customer Specific Requirements - ISO/TS16949 1. ScopeISO/TS 16949:2002, Second Edition, March 1, 2002, “Quality management systems – Particular requirements for the application of ISO 9001:2000 for automotive production and relevant service part organizations,” and this document define General Motors fundamental quality system requirements for organizations where automotive customer-specified parts, for production and/or service are manufactured. To satisfy supplier quality system requirements, General Motors will accept, as optional to QS-9000, a third party certification to ISO/TS 16949 that meets the following conditions:• The certification scope must include both ISO/TS 16949 and the accompanying ISO/TS 16949 GM-Customer Specific Requirements,• The certification must be conducted in compliance with the IATF recognized automotive certification scheme by a certification body contracted and recognized by an IATFOversight office.NOTE: The Quality System Requirements, QS-9000, 3rd Edition (QS-9000:1998),expires on December 14, 2006.All ISO/TS 16949:2002 requirements and the requirements of this document shall be addressed in the organization’s quality management system.2. References2.1 DaimlerChrysler, Ford Motor, General Motors Quality System Requirements (QS-9000), Third Edition, March, 1998.2.2 DaimlerChrysler, Ford Motor, General Motors Production Part Approval ProcessPPAP), Third Edition, September, 1999.2.3 DaimlerChrysler, Ford Motor, General Motors Statistical Process Control (SPC),FirstEdition, 1992.2.4 DaimlerChrysler, Ford Motor, General Motors Advanced Product Quality Planning andControl Plan, June, 1994.2.5 DaimlerChrysler, Ford Motor, General Motors Measurement Systems Analysis, MSAThird Edition, March, 2002.2.6 DaimlerChrysler, Ford Motor, General Motors Potential Failure Mode and EffectsAnalysis, FMEA Third Edition, July 2001.2.7 IAF Guidance on the Application of ISO/IEC Guide 62:1996, December, 2001.2.8 IATF Guidance to ISO/TS 16949:2002, AIAG Edition, 2002.2.9 Automotivecertification scheme for ISO/TS 16949:2002, Rules for Achieving IATF Recognition, First Edition for ISO/TS 16949:2002, March, 2002.2.10 ISO/TS 16949:2002, 1st Edition, March 20022.11 ISO/TS 16949:1999, First Edition (2nd Printing), March, 1999.The latest edition of the reference documents listed applies unless otherwise specified by the GM Procuring Division. Copies of QS-9000, PPAP, APQP, FMEA, MSA, SPC, IATF Guidance, ISO/TS 16949 “Rules”, ISO/TS 16949 Checklist, ISO/TS 16949:1999, and other related manuals are available from AIAG at 1-248-358-3003. Copies of ISO documents are available from the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) at (212) 642-4980.The above references listed as requirements are described in section 4 of this document.3. DefinitionsWhere inconsistent terminology exists between ISO/TS 16949:2002 and this document, this document shall take precedence. Otherwise the definitions from ISO/TS 16949:2002 apply to this document.3.1 Accredited LaboratoryAccredited Laboratory is one that has been reviewed and approved by a nationally-recognized accreditation body, or as an alternative a customer recognized accreditation body, conforming to ISO/IEC Guide 58 for calibration or test laboratory accreditation to ISO/IEC Guide 17025, or national equivalent.NOTE: The above definition also applies to the QS-9000 reference manuals currently in effect.Part3.2 ActiveAn active part is one currently being supplied to the customer for original equipment or service applications. The part remains active until tooling scrap authorization is given by the appropriate customer activity. For parts with no customer-owned tooling or situations where multiple parts are made from the same tool, written confirmation from the customer Purchasing activity is required to deactivate a part.NOTE: For bulk material, “active part” refers to the bulk material contracted, not the parts that are subsequently produced from that material.Parts3.3 AftermarketReplacement parts not procured or released by OEM for service part applications which may or may not be produced to original equipment specifications.3.4 ConsultingFor the purposes of TS16949:2002, consulting is the provision of training, documentation development, or assistance with implementation of quality systems to a specific customer. If these activities are open to the public, advertised, and not customer specific, they are considered training rather than consulting. Other products, processes or services may be offered directly or indirectly, provided they do not compromise confidentiality or the objectivity or impartiality of its certification process or decisions (refer to IAF Guidance on the Application of ISO/IEC Guide 62, Issue 2, dated December, 2001.)]3.5 CustomerReferences to “customer” in ISO/TS 16949:2002 and this document shall be interpreted as the Procuring Division of General Motors for suppliers pursuing third party registration to ISO/TS 16949:2002 to satisfy General Motors sourcing requirements third party quality system assessment registration.3.6 ErgonomicsErgonomics is the evaluation of the design of a product or process to assure compatibility with the capabilities of human beings. Analysis of motion refers to capabilities of people with respect to tasks (e.g. lifting, twisting, reaching) to prevent or relieve problems of strain, stress, excessive fatigue, etc. Factors involved include anatomical dimensions of the worker, placement of products to be worked upon, placement of buttons/switches, physical loads imposed on the worker, and environmental effects such as noise, vibration, lighting and space.3.7 Initial Process StudyInitial Process Studies are short-term studies conducted to obtain early information on the performance of new or revised processes relative to internal or customer requirements. In many cases, preliminary studies should be conducted at several points in the evolution of new processes (e.g. at the equipment or tooling subcontractor’s plant, after installation at the supplier’s plant). These studies should be based on as many measures as possible. When utilizing X-Bar and R charts, at least twenty-five subgroups (minimum of four pieces per sub-group) are required to obtain sufficient data for decision-making. When this amount of data isnot available, control charts should be started with whatever data is available. See Production Part Approval Process manual.3.8 PPMPPM (parts per million) is a method of stating the performance of a process in terms of actual nonconforming material. PPM data can be used to prioritize corrective actions. Definition of defective units varies with customer (e.g. all sorted, only those found to be wrong, all in box). (Reference GP-5 Supplier Quality Processes and Measurements Procedure, GM1746 for additional PPM definition.)Indices3.9 QualitySee DaimlerChrysler, Ford, General Motors Statistical Process Control reference manual.3.10 OrganizationOrganizations are defined as providers of: a) production materials, b) production or service parts, or c) heat treating, plating, painting or other finishing services, directly to General Motors or other customers subscribing to this document.NOTE: In QS-9000, these providers are typically referred to as suppliers toDaimlerChrysler, Ford and General Motors however for the purpose of this documentthey are defined as the “organization” or “supply organization.” ISO/TS 16949:2002 (See also Section 3 Terms and definitions.)3.11 Service partsReplacement parts manufactured to OEM specifications, which are procured or released by the OEM for service part application.3.12SuppliersSuppliers (previously called subcontractors in QS-9000)are defined as providers of production materials, or production or service parts, directly to an organization provider of General Motors or other customers subscribing to this document. Also included are providers of heat-treating, painting, plating or other finishing services.3.13 Value-Added Production ProcessesActivities or operations for which a customer would be willing to pay, if given the option.See also ISO/TS 16949:2002, Second Edition (March, 2002), definition of “manufacturing” 3.1.6, “site” 3.1.11, and “remote location” 3.1.10.4. Requirements4.1 ISO TS 16949:2002 (Second Edition), March, 2002- Related RequirementsAll references to clauses in this section pertain to ISO/TS 16949:2002, unless otherwise stated. 4.1.1 Tooling ManagementThe requirements for tooling management (7.5.1.5) may not be applicable to warehouses or distributors as remote sites.4.1.2 Records RetentionProduction part approvals, tooling records, APQP records, purchase orders and amendments shall be maintained for the length of time that the part (or family of parts) is active (see Definitions 3.1) for production and service requirements plus one calendar year unless otherwise specified by the customer.NOTE: All customer purchase orders/amendments are included in this requirement.Organization purchase orders/amendments for customer-owned tooling are included in this requirement.Quality performance records (e.g. control charts, inspection and test results) shall be retained for one calendar year after the year in which they were created.Records of internal quality system audits and management review shall be retained for three years.Retention periods longer than those specified above may be specified by an organization in their procedures. The organization shall eventually dispose of records.These requirements do not supersede any regulatory requirements. All specified retention periods shall be considered “minimums”.4.1.3 Electronic CommunicationReference cl. 7.2.3.1NOTE: Examples of such systems for suppliers to GM’s North American Operations are:1) requirement planning information such as the Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) ANSIASC X12 830 transaction set or the EDIFACT DELFOR message, and 2) shippingschedules such as the ANSI ASC X12 862 or 866 transaction sets or the EDIFACTDELJIT message.4.1.4 Shipment Notification SystemReference cl. 7.2.3.1NOTE: Examples of such systems for suppliers to GM’s North American Operations are:1) the ANSI ASC X12 856 transaction set, or 2) the EDIFACT DESADV message. ForEDI assistance, contact 01-810-947-5566. For EDIFACT assistance, and confirmationof the required implementation date for a supplier, contact 01-248-265-9907.4.1.5 Special CharacteristicsThe supplier shall use General Motors Key Characteristic Designation System definitions and symbols to comply with ISO/TS 16949:2002 special characteristics requirements (e.g. cl.7.2.1.1), and as provided in 4.2.2, General Procedures and Other Requirements, and 4.2.2.11, Key Characteristic Designation System (KCDS), (GM 1805 QN) which defines GM’s approach to “special” characteristics.4.1.6 Design ChangesAll design changes, including those proposed by suppliers, shall have written customer approval, or waiver of such approval, prior to production implementation. See cl. 7.3.7 and 7.1.4. See also the Production Part Approval Process manual.For proprietary designs, impact on form, fit, function, performance, and/or durability shall be determined with the customer so that all effects can be properly evaluated.4.1.7 Official Language VersionThe English language version of ISO/TS 16949:2002 or QS-9000, 3rd Edition and related reference documents shall be the official version for purposes of third party registration. Sanctioned translations shall:• be for reference only,• reference the English language as the official version,• not contain ISO 9001:2000 text verbatim, and• include General Motors in the copyright statement.Any other language translations are not authorized.4.1.8 Part Approval ProcessThe supplier shall comply with the Chrysler, Ford, GM Production Part Approval Process (PPAP) manual to comply with cl. 7.3.6.31. PPAP-Vehicle Assembly Centers (Assembly Plants)Unless otherwise specified by the Customer, PPAP requirements for vehicle assemblycenters shall be taken from a specified production run of saleable pilot vehicles.4.1.9 Customer SatisfactionTrends in quality system performance and customer satisfaction (see Cl. 5.2, 5.6.1.1, 7.4.3.2, and 8.2.1.1) should be compared to those of competitors, or appropriate benchmarks, and reviewed by top management.4.1.10 Internal Auditor QualificationsInternal auditors should be qualified as recommended in ISO 19011, 1st Edition – Sections7.1-7.5, for Quality Management Systems application. In addition internal auditors should be competent in understanding and applying the Process Approach of Auditing (See “Process Approach”, Section 0.2 of ISO/TS 16949:2002), Core Tools (e.g. reference manuals including PPAP, APQP, MSA, SPC, and FMEA) as applicable, and GM Customer Specifics, as applicable.NOTE: A process and plan with implementation monitoring to assure qualified internal auditors is evidence of compliance.4.1.11 Supplier Quality Management System Development (cl. 7.4.1.2)Note: This supplier development clause, cl. 4.1.2, applies to suppliers of the organization who are providers of production materials, or production or service parts, directly to a supplier to Chrysler, Ford, General Motors or other customers subscribing to this document. Also included are providers of heat-treating, painting, plating or other finishing services.Indirect and service providers are not included in this requirement, e.g. distributors adding no manufacturing value, logistics, sequencers, parts packagers, tooling & equipment.Note: The use of customer-designated suppliers to the organization (subcontractors) does not relieve the supplier of the responsibility for ensuring the quality of subcontracted parts, materials and services.4.1.11.1 Customer acceptance of QS-9000:1998Registration to QS-9000:1998, (QS-9000, 3rd Edition) shall be accepted as an alternative to registration to ISO 9001:2000.4.1.11.2 Customer acceptance of 2nd Party Audits and Criteria for Approval General Motors Corporation will recognize 2nd Party audits as compliance to ISO/TS 16949:2002, Clause 7.4.1.2 and as an alternative to ISO 9001:2000 certification. The statement of authorization below provides the requirements and conditions for GM approval.A supply organization that utilizes 2nd party assessment to comply with clause 7.4.1.2 is required by General Motors to utilize second party assessors who satisfy all elements of the criteria specified as “GM approved 2nd Party requirements” stated below.GM-approved 2nd Party requirements:1. The supply organization (2nd Party) must be ISO/TS 16949 certified and registered bythe IATF.2. The supply organization (2nd Party) cannot be on ISO/TS 16949 probation or suspension.3. The supply organization (2nd Party) must utilize a qualified ISO Lead Auditor, or aqualified Internal Auditor with evidence of their successful completion of training, such as AIAG "Internal Auditing for ISO/TS 16949," or evidence of a minimum of five internal ISO/TS 16949 audits under the supervision of a qualified Lead Auditor.4. The supply organization (2nd Party) must audit annually each qualifying subcontractor for whom it has performed a 2nd Party assessment, and maintain records of these audits.5. The duration of these audits must conform to the full application of the Audit Day Requirements table of the current edition of “Automotive Certification Scheme for ISO/TS 16949:2002, Rules for achieving IATF recognition”.6. Any of the IATF recognized and currently approved auditors may perform such audits when contracted by the supply organization.4.1.11.3 Supplier Development of Specially Designated Small Suppliers When a supplier (subcontractor) to an organization is so small as to not have adequate resources to develop a system according to ISO/TS 16949:2002 or ISO 9001:2000 certain specified elements may be waived by the organization of their supplier. The organization shall have decision criteria in writing, approved by the customer and applied consistently to determine the specially designated suppliers for which this provision may apply.Note: ISO 9001:2000 and ISO/TS 16949:2002 contain fundamental quality system requirements of value to any size of provider of production/ service parts/ materials. There are a number of methods to implement a compliant system, so it is recognized that a simpler Quality Management System approach could be used for the smaller suppliers of organizations to which ISO/TS 16949, clause 7.4.1.2 applies.4.2 General Motors - Specific Requirements4.2.1 Third-Party Registration RequirementsProduction and Service Part Suppliers to General Motors, including GM Holdens, shall be third-party registered to ISO/TS 16949:2002, including the requirements in this document, by an IATF-recognized certification body using the current edition in effect of the automotive registration scheme, “Automotive Certification Scheme for ISO/TS 16949:2002, Rules for achieving IATF recognition.” In the alternative, supply organizations for which certification applies, may satisfy General Motors third party registration requirements by obtaining certification to ISO/TS 16949:1999 by an IATF recognized certification body in accordance with the appropriate and current “Rules” for certification until December 15, 2003, or to QS-9000:1998 by an automotive registration scheme recognized by General Motors until December 14, 2006. Such certification shall include the requirements in this document, or in the case of QS-9000:1998, the General Motors-Specific Requirements.NOTE 1: Supply organizations to General Motors certified to ISO/TS 16949:1999 may upgrade certification to ISO/TS 16949:2002 for the period of up to one year after 15 December 2003, consistent with the surveillance cycle.NOTE 2: Supply organizations to General Motors who fit the applicability requirements of ISO/TS 16949:2002 and are not certified to ISO/TS 16949:2002 by 14 December 2006, at a minimum, are subject to New Business Hold – Quality status. See also 4.2.3, ISO/TS 16949:2002 Applicability, and 4.2.8, Certification Body Notification and Certification – New Business Hold-Quality.NOTE 3: Waiver of supply organization certification for those organizations who meet the applicability requirements of ISO/TS 16949:2002 is not permitted unless approved in writing by the following: GM North America - General Motors Group Manager, Global Supplier Quality and Development, GM Europe - Exec. Dir Supplier Quality and Readiness, GM Asia Pacific – Director, Supplier Quality/Development, GM LAAM – Director of Supplier Quality Engineering. 4.2.2 General Procedures and Other RequirementsThe GM publications listed below contain additional requirements or guidance that shall be met, if applicable, by GM supply organizations, or unless otherwise specified by GM Procuring Divisions. Specific questions on the content of these publications should be directed to the appropriate contact at the GM Procuring Division. (The latest revisions for these documents can be found on the GM SupplyPower website.)GM Supply Organizations shall verify annually that they are using the latest version of these documents:4.2.2.1 Pre-Production/Pilot Material Shipping Procedures, (GM 1407).4.2.2.2 Supplier Submission of Match Check Material, (GM 1689)..4.2.2.3 Shipping Parts Identification Label Standard, (GM 1724).4.2.2.4 Component Verification & Traceability Procedure, (GM 1730).Note: APPLICABILITY OF GM 1730 IS LIMITED TO GM POWERTRAIN.4.2.2.5 Traceability Identifier Equipment (TIR 15-300), (GM 1731).4.2.2.6 Bar Code Standard for Part/Component/Module Identification and Traceability(GM 1737).4.2.2.7 Supplier Quality Processes and Measurements Procedure, (GM 1746).4.2.2.8 Continuous Improvement Procedure, (GM 1747).4.2.2.9 GP-10 Evaluation and Accreditation Test Facilities, (GM 1796/A).- See ISO/TS 16949:2002, cl., 7.6.34.2.2.10 Shipping and Delivery Performance Requirements, (GM 1797).4.2.2.11 Key Characteristic Designation System (KCDS),(GM 1805 QN).4.2.2.12 GP-11 General Procedure for Pre-Prototype and Prototype Material, (GM 1820).4.2.2.13 C4 Technology Program, GM - Supplier C4 Information, (GM 1825). .4.2.2.14 GP-12 Early Production Containment Procedure, (GM 1920).4.2.2.15 Run-at-Rate Procedure, (GM 1960).NOTE: Access the GM SupplyPower web-site for the current document version.4.2.3 ISO/TS 16949:2002 ApplicabilityISO/TS 16949:2002 with this document applies to all applicable contracted GM supply organizations (see Definitions 3.9) utilizing ISO/TS 16949 to satisfy General Motors third party certification requirements for quality system assessment.NOTE: QS-9000:1998 (3rd Edition) expires December 14, 2006, and QS-9000 certified supply organizations are strongly urged to upgrade to ISO/TS 16949:2002. In addition, supply organizations certified to ISO/TS 16949:1999 are strongly urged to upgrade to ISO/TS 16949:2002 before 15 December 2003, but no later than 15 December 2004 consistent with the surveillance cycle in effect or upon expiration of their current certificate whichever occurs first.4.2.4 UPC Labeling For Commercial Service ApplicationsGM Service Parts Operations (SPO) requires use of UPC labeling for certain commercial applications rather than AIAG labeling. Contact your SPO buyer for instructions.4.2.5 Layout Inspection and Functional TestUnless specified otherwise by a GM Procuring Division, there is no customer-established frequency for layout inspection after receiving production part approval (PPAP). Reference is made to ISO/TS 16949:2002, cl..8.2.4.14.2.6 Customer Signature on Control PlanGeneral Motors does not provide waivers to suppliers for control plan approval because General Motors signatures on the Control Plan are not required.4.2.7 GM Holdens-Specific RequirementsPreviously listed specific requirements for additional documents for GM Holdens in Australia are obsolete. GM Holdens operates in accordance with GM Customer Specifics.4.2.8 Certification Body Notification and Certification Status – “New Business Hold – Quality”The organization shall notify its Certification Body within 5 business days after being placed in GM New Business Hold – Quality. The status of “New Business Hold – Quality” shall be a violation of clause 8.2.1.1 Customer satisfaction – Supplemental.The certification of the organization shall be placed on immediate probation * by the certification body of record upon receiving notice of GM “New Business Hold – Quality.”*See Annex 4, Automotive Certification Scheme for ISO/TS 16949:2002, Rules forachieving IATF recognition.”1. In the event of certification probation as a result of an organization receiving notice ofGeneral Motors “New Business Hold – Quality,” the organization shall complete a corrective action plan. The supplier shall submit the corrective action plan to the Certification Body of record and to the affected customer(s) within 10 business days of the date of the letter ofnotification of probation. The corrective action plan of the organization shall be consistent with the affected customer(s) requirements including correction steps, responsibilities, timing information, and key metrics to identify effectiveness of the action plan.2. Before any probation can be lifted, the Certification Body of record will conduct an on-siteassessment of appropriate length to verify effective implementation of all corrective actions. 3. If probation is not lifted within four months of its issuance, the Certification Body of recordshall revoke the ISO/TS 16949 certificate of the organization. Exceptions to this revocation shall be justified in writing by the Certification Body based upon its on-site review of theorganization’s corrective action plan effectiveness and agreement obtained from the affected GM customer(s).NOTE 1: The permitted probation period for General Motors Europe (GME) is six (6) months.NOTE 2: The GM special supplier status conditions of CS I (Controlled Shipping – Level I), or CS II (Controlled Shipping – Level II) are performance indicators of organization product realization problems. Such status should have resolution, or credible resolution andcorrective plans in place, which are confirmed by the customer.4.2.9 Similar RequirementsWhere similar requirements are contained in both QS-9000:1998 and ISO/TS 16949:2002, the requirements in ISO/TS 16949:2002 take precedence for suppliers choosing to use ISO/TS 16949:2002 rather than QS-9000.4.2.10 Management ReviewManagement review of quality system performance (Cl. 5.6.1.1) at a minimum shall be conducted at planned intervals, but not less than annually.。
GM 1927-33 GM Global GP-12 Audit March 13, 2008译文
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Operator Instructions操作 员指导书？
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Are boundary samples (BS) available Operator Instructions操作 to operators and are they being used? 员指导书？ 操作员处有边界样品并使用吗？
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经验教训/内部失 效清单，GP12相 应的确认项目
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Current Pre launch Process Control Plan Is there a GP-12 Process Control (AIAG Control Plan Plan (PCP) available? GP12工序控制 format)当前的量产前控制 计划有吗？ 计划（AIAG的控制计划格 式）
独立区域/人员/ 不良品识别盒 零件流向
量具
September 24, 2008
GM1927-33
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Are proper operator instructions Operator Instructions操作 available for GP-12 area? GP12区有 员指导书？ 合适的操作员指导书吗
Are redundant 100% checks in place to verify the standard control plan effectiveness? Are Tier 2 pass-thru features 100% checked in GP12?现场追加100%检查验证标准控制计划的 有效性吗？二级供应商检查的对客户有影响的关 键特性在GP12处有100%检查吗？
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