听力文摘-球型屋顶的奥妙Buckminster Fuller and His Geodesic Dome
英语参考答案
英语参考答案听力1—5CCBBB6—10CBAAC11—15ACACB16—20ACAAB阅读理解A篇21.C根据文章中的“The space was designed by Raymond Moriyama.”可知答案。
22.D文章中提到“The house was occupied by various other families and used for various other uses(vinegar factory,glassworks).”23.B在介绍Gibson House Museum时，文章有原句“The museum has a hands-on “discovery gallery”with interactive games and exhibits.”B篇24.A细节理解题。
根据“He wasn’t about to come down,and he wouldn’t let me know he was trapped.I could put up the ladder and rescue him,but then I recalled an event in my youth that I now,more than50years later,suddenly understood.他不打算下来，也不让我知道他被困住了。
我可以搭起梯子救他，但后来我想起了我年轻时的一件事，50多年后的今天，我突然明白了。
”可知作者小时候也有类似的经历，即：被困住了也不想承认，故选A。
25.B推理判断题。
根据“Stopping to catch my breath,I heard someone whistle(吹口哨).“Hello,”said Cutting.“Out for a walk?”I nodded,“I’ve just been out exploring the old quarry,我停下来喘口气时，听到有人在吹口哨。
2023年北京重点校高三(上)期末英语汇编：阅读理解C篇
2023年北京重点校高三（上）期末英语汇编阅读理解C篇一、阅读理解（2023秋·北京顺义·高三统考期末）For astronomers who are sighted, the Universe is full of visual wonders. From shimmering planets to shinning galaxies(星系), the universe is impressively beautiful. But those who are visually impaired cannot share that experience. So astronomers have been developing alternative ways to convey(传递)scientific information.Recently, the journal Nature Astronomy published the latest in a series of articles on the use of sonification in astronomy. Sonification describes the change of data into digital audio(声音)files, which allows them to be heard, as well as read and seen.In August, Kimberly Arcand, a data-visualization expert and science communicator at the Center for Astrophysics and others transformed some of the first images of the black hole at the centre of the Perseus cluster from the James Webb Space Telescope into sound. They worked under the guidance of people who are blind to map the intensity and colours of light in the headline-grabbing pictures into audio. The sonification of an image of gas and dust in a distant nebula(星云), for instance, uses loud high-frequency sounds to represent bright light near the top of the image, but lower-frequency loud sounds to represent bright light near the image’s centre. The black hole sonification translates data on sound waves travelling through space-created by the black hole’s impact on the hot gas that surrounds it-into the range of human hearing.Scientists in other fields have also experimented with data sonification. Some have explored whether it can help with discovering Alzheimer’s disease from brain scans. Sound has even been used to describe ecological shifts caused by climate change in an Alaskan forest, with researchers assigning various musical instruments to different tree species.In the long run, such approaches need to be strictly evaluated to determine what they can offer that other techniques cannot. For all the technical accuracy displayed in individual projects, the Nature Astronomy series points out that there are no universally accepted standards for sonifying scientific data, and little published work that evaluates its effectiveness.1．What does the underlined word “impaired” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean?A．Appealing. B．Damaged. C．Directed. D．Impressive.2．The examples in Paragraph 4 are intended to ______.A．show the widespread use of sonificationB．introduce the common process of sonificationC．provide people with the cure for particular diseasesD．improve the application of sonification to more fields3．As for sonification, which would the author agree with?A．The use of sonification helps to analyze data effectively.B．The standardization of sonification has yet to be achieved.C．Sonification can transform some data that other techniques cannot.D．Lower-frequency sounds show bright light near the top of the image.（2023秋·北京朝阳·高三统考期末）Finland was known as a rather quiet country. Since 2008, the Country Brand Delegation (国家品牌代表团) has been looking for a national brand that would make some noise to market the country as a world-famous tourist destination. In 2010, the Delegation issued a “Country Brand Report,” which highlighted a host of marketable themes, including Finland’s famous educational system. One key theme was brand new: silence. As the report explained, modern society often seems intolerably loud and busy. “Silence is a resource,” it said.Silence first appeared in scientific research as a control or baseline, against which scientists compare the effects of noise or music. Researchers have mainly studied it by accident, as physician Luciano Bernardi did in his study of the physiological (生理学) effects of music. “We didn’t think about the effect of silence,” he said. Bernardi observed two dozen test subjects while they listened to six musical tracks. He found that the impacts of music could be read directly in the bloodstream, via changes in blood pressure, carbon dioxide, and circulation in the brain. “During almost all sorts of music, there was a physiological change with a condition of arousal (兴奋),” he explained.This effect made sense, given that active listening requires attention. But the more striking finding appeared between musical tracks. Bernardi and his colleagues discovered that randomly added stretches of silence also had a great effect, but in the opposite direction. In fact, two-minute silent pauses proved far more relaxing than either “relaxing” music or a longer silence played before the experiment started. The blank pauses that Bernardi had considered irrelevant, in other words, became the most interesting object of study. Silence seemed to be heightened by contrasts, maybe because it gave test subjects a release from careful attention. “Perhaps the arousal is something that concentrates the mind in one direction, so that when there is nothing more arousing, then you have deeper relaxation,” he said.This finding is reinforced by neurological (神经系统的) research. Relevant research shows when our brains rest quietly, they integrate external and internal information into “a conscious (意识的) workspace.” Freedom from noise and goal-directed tasks, it appears, unites the quiet without and within, allowing our conscious workspace to do its thing to discover where we fit in.Noora Vikman, a consultant on silence for Finland’s marketers, knows silence well. Living in a remote and quiet place in Finland, she discovers thoughts and feelings that aren’t detectable in her busy daily life. “If you want to know yourself, you have to be with yourself, and discuss with yourself, and be able to talk with yourself.” 4．Why does the author mention the Country Brand Report in Paragraph 1?A．To present how Finland viewed silence.B．To highlight the need of noise in Finland.C．To explain why Finland issued the brands.D．To indicate the authority of the Delegation.5．What can be inferred about Luciano Bernardi’s discovery?A．It challenged the calming effect of music.B．It emphasized the role of silence between sounds.C．It illustrated the loss of attentiveness after silence.D．It stated brains’ information processing in the quiet.6．As for Noora Vikman’s attitude to silence, the author is ________.A．doubtful B．supportive C．disapproving D．unconcerned7．Which would be the best title for the passage?A．Silence: A Limited Resource B．Silence: A Misunderstood ToolC．Silence: The Unexpected Power D．Silence: The Value by Contrasts（2023秋·北京通州·高三统考期末）NASA’s spacecraft Dart hit an asteroid (小行星) 11.3 million kilometers away at a speed, changing the asteroid’s orbit and lowered its cycle period by I5 minutes, the space organization announced on Monday.Some said the move shows the world might now be able to prevent asteroids — the kind that made the dinosaurs extinct — from hitting the Earth. The asteroid that was controlled belonged to a double-asteroid system. It had a 160-meter diameter while the other asteroid’s diameter is over 500 meters. The bigger asteroid can be compared to the one that ended the dinosaur era 67 million years ago. A hit from an asteroid that size can cause unimaginable destruction.However, it is too early to assert that the world has gained the ability to prevent asteroids from hitting us. The asteroid that was controlled was only 160 meters in size. Its cycle period was changed, without changing its orbit significantly. It is still not clear if the orbit of a much larger asteroid headed toward the Earth can be changed successfully.In brief, NASA’s success in changing the course of a harmful asteroid is definitely praiseworthy, but much more needs to be done before we can say the world’s security from some unpredictable asteroid is guaranteed.It should be noted that changing the orbit of an asteroid involves more than just sending an object into space and commanding it to hit the asteroid. While it is hard enough to hit an asteroid, it is even more difficult to lock onto one in the first place. It means having the ability to observe approaching asteroids, measuring their respective speeds, and deciding which ones might pose a danger to the Earth.Therefore, there’s more to Dart hitting the asteroid than meets the eye. And these are key areas where global scientists need to work harder in the future.8．What was the latest news about NASA?A．Its new program failed.B．Its manned spaceship hit an asteroid.C．Its spacecraft changed an asteroid’s orbit.D．Its spacecraft saved the earth from being destroyed.9．What does the underlined word “assert” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A．Advise. B．State. C．Promise. D．Admit.10．What can we learn about the asteroid that was hit?A．It was comparatively small in size.B．Its orbit was changed significantly.C．It travelled at a higher speed than before.D．It was powerful enough to end dinosaur era.11．What is the author’s attitude toward using spacecrafts to change the asteroids orbits?A．Neutral. B．Optimistic.C．Pessimistic. D．Not mentioned.（2023秋·北京房山·高三统考期末）With the development of technology, “paperless” seems to be the new trend. Instead of writing by hand, people began to use computers to type in order to produce text quickly. Some people said word processing made producing and editing text much easier. Will handwriting be completely replaced by typing?A 2017 study in the journal Frontiers in Psychology found that regions of the brain associated with learning were more active when subjects completed a task by hand instead of on a keyboard. Not only that, but the study’s authors also found that writing by hand could promote “deep encoding or processing” in a way that typing does not.In fact, there have been many such studies to arrive at that conclusion. One notable example from 2014 compared students who took notes by hand with those who took notes on laptops. They found that the students using laptops tended to write down what the professor said word for word, while those who took notes by hand were more likely to listen to what was being said, analyzing it for important content and “processing information and reframing it in their own words.” When asked conceptual questions about the lecture, students who had taken notes by hand were better able to answer than those who had typed their notes.Daniel Oppenheimer, one of the study’s co-authors, told Medium’s Elemental that in order to analyze the lecture, people had to contemplate the material and actually understand the arguments. This helped them learn the material better. The most annoying thing about writing by hand is also what makes it so effective for learning.Virginia Berninger, a professor at the University of Washington, says, “When we write a letter of the alphabet, the process of production involves pathways in the brain that go near or through parts that manage emotion.” Pressing a key doesn’t stimulate those pathways the same way. She says, “It’s possible that there’s not the same connection to the emotional part of the brain when people type, as opposed to writing in longhand.” “In the same vein, writing in longhand also allows people to really figure out what they mean to say,” Oppenheimer says, “which may help self-expression.”Our keyboards are great for a lot of things. But sometimes, there’s no replacing the feeling of spreading out a clean sheet of paper, uncapping a beloved pen, and letting the ink flow.12．The author uses the question underlined in Paragraph 1 to ________.A．predict the ending B．introduce the topicC．emphasize an opinion D．draw a conclusion13．What can be inferred from the passage?A．People who write by hand tend to think deeply.B．People who write by hand are likely to make comparisons.C．People who write by hand slow down their learning process.D．People who write by hand find it difficult to improve their memory.14．As for handwriting, the author thinks it is ________.A．accurate B．unimportant C．annoying D．beneficial（2023秋·北京丰台·高三统考期末）Over millions of years humans have responded to certain situationswithout thinking too hard. If our ancestors spotted movement in the nearby forest, they would run first and question later. At the same time, the ability to analyze and to plan is part of what separates us from other animals. The question of when to trust your instinct (直觉)and when to think slow matters in the office as much as in the savannah(草原).Slow thinking is the feature of a well-managed workplace. Yet instinct also has its place. Some decisions are more connected to emotional responses and less to analysis. In demanding customer-service or public-facing situations, instinct is often a better guide to how to behave.Instinct can also be improved. Plenty of research has shown that instinct becomes more unerring with experience. In one well-known experiment, volunteers were asked to assess whether a selection of designer handbags were real or not. Some were instructed to operate on instinct and others to deliberate(深思熟虑)over their decision. Instinct worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags; indeed, it outperformed analysis. The more expert you become, the better your instinct tends to be.However, the real reason to embrace fast thinking is that it is, well, fast. It is often the only way to get through the day. To take one example, when your inbox floods with new emails at the start of a new day, there is absolutely no way to read them all carefully. Instinct is what helps you decide which ones to answer and which to delete or leave unopened. Fast thinking can also help the entire organization. The value of many managerial decisions lies in the simple fact that they have been made at all. Yet as data explodes, the temptation(诱惑)to ask for one more bit of analysis has become much harder to resist. Managers often suffer from overthinking, turning a simple problem into a complex one.When to use instinct in the workplace rests on its own form of pattern recognition. Does the decision maker have real expertise in this area? Is this a field in which emotion matters more than reasoning? Above all, is it worth delaying the decision? Slow thinking is needed to get the big calls right. But fast thinking is the way to stop deliberation turning to a waste of time.15．What does the underlined word “unerring” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A．Accurate. B．Creative. C．Controllable. D．Obvious.16．What can we learn from the passage?A．Managers can afford the cost of slow thinking.B．Fast thinking can be a boost to work efficiency.C．Slow thinking will hold us back in the long run.D．Too much data is to blame for wrong decisions.17．What is the author's purpose of writing the passage?A．To explain how instinct works.B．To compare instinct and slow thinking.C．To highlight the value of instinct in the workplace.D．To illustrate the development of different thinking patterns.（2023秋·北京海淀·高三统考期末）A new study has found human feelings can accurately be expressed numerically and have more predictive power for how we behave than formal studies of socioeconomic factors like household income and employment status.The study co-author Andrew Oswald, a professor of economics and behavioral science gathered informationfrom nearly 700,000 people, who were asked annually over a three-decade period how they felt on a numerical scale about their job, spouse, health and home. Using the data collected, researchers constructed statistical models to show how people felt and the actions they took as a result of their reported feelings. The study found that ratings of life satisfaction had a direct linear (线性的) relationship to actions people subsequently take. Participants who rated their job satisfaction as a 2 out of 7 had a 25% probability of quitting their job. Those who rated a 6 out of 7 had only a 10 percent probability of quitting. The same was true across other measures like marriage, health and housing.Previous research has also shown data about feelings predict human outcomes, but not in such a linear fashion; the degree of satisfaction served as a good predictor of future actions. Additionally, economists have previously been critical of feelings data because they considered them unscientific and unreliable. But this study shows socioeconomic factors have a lesser probability of predicting human behavior than data on feelings.Though the study shows numbers can quantify feelings, researchers are still a bit confused as to why estimates of seemingly subjective feelings can be such good predictors of future actions. According to Oswald, a number of factors could be at play. Humans are very experienced in comparative thinking and are able to scale their own life satisfaction against that of their neighbors. We’re also accustomed to using measuring devices for other aspects of life like temperature, distance and weight, so it shouldn’t be too surprising that we’re able to measure our feelings in a similarly accurate way. Another study co-author Caspar Kaiser says that it may also be because we communicate our feelings and do it in a scaled fashion every day. This could be why it comes out in the data more accurately than in objective markers.Ori Heffetz, an economics professor who was not involved in the study, says that this research shows feelings data shouldn’t be underestimated even if they’re more difficult to study. “Scientists who ignore this do so at their own risk,” he says.Looking ahead, Kaiser hopes this same data can be studied in lower-income countries so that it can be applied universally to places with varied levels of economic development. But more than anything else he’s interested in studying why feelings work so well.18．Paragraph 2 is mainly about .A．research process and findingsB．research topic and significanceC．research subjects and purposeD．research data collection and analysis19．What can we know about the study?A．It also applies to people from lower-income countries.B．It challenges the opinion that feelings data are unreliable.C．It explains why ratings of feelings can foresee future actions.D．It first shows data about feelings can predict human behavior20．What is Ori’s attitude towards the study?A．Neutral. B．Skeptical. C．Supportive. D．Cautious.21．Which would be the best title for the passage?A．How You Rate Your Life Predicts Your Future BehaviorB．Feelings Forecast Actions Better than Economic FactorsC．Why Your Feelings Affect Your Future ActionsD．Ranking Every Aspect of Your Life Counts（2023秋·北京西城·高三统考期末）Of the more than 3,000 species of mosquitoes in the world, just a small number specialize in sucking human blood. How mosquitoes track us down so effectively isn’t currently known, but it matters, since they carry dangerous diseases which may cause death.“In fact, stopping these annoying insects in their tracks could save up to half a million lives lost to those diseases each year,” said Carolyn Gauff, a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the Princeton Neuroscience Institute. That’s why Gauff’s team wants to understand how they find and target humans.Mosquitoes mostly choose what to bite based on odor (气味). Knowing how a potentially disease-carrying mosquito finds a person, while ignoring other warm-blooded animals, is a key question. But it’s not easy to answer, since any animal smell is made up of hundreds of chemicals mixed together in specific percentage. “The actual chemicals that are found in human odor are basically the same as the chemicals found in animal odor—it’s the percentages and the relative large amount of those substances in human mixtures that’s unique,” said Gauff.To investigate, researchers decided to record neural activity in the brain of mosquitoes while exposing them to natural human and animal odor samples. They collected odor samples from about 40 different animals. When they compared some of those with the 16 human samples, something jumped out. Decanal is particularly rich in human skin. Common in the natural world, in humans, decanal comes from another, more complex substance. When one component of our skin’s natural oils, sapienic acid, breaks down, decanal is left over. This acid is only found in human beings. It’s what likely leads to the high levels of decanal that help the mosquitoes smell their way to us.Understanding what the mosquitoes are targeting is only part of the story; knowing how they do it is also important. To see exactly how mosquitoes use this sense, scientists used genetically modified (转基因的) mosquitoes so that they could cut open mosquitoes’ heads and watch neurons firing when they’re exposed to human and animal odors. The research team already knew that mosquitoes have about 60 different types of neurons that sense odors, so when they looked in the insects’ brains, they thought they might see a lot of activity. But it was surprisingly quiet, meaning that the signal was perhaps quite simple, down to just a couple types of neurons. “One type of neuron responded really strongly to both humans and animals. Another type of neuron responded to both—but it responded much more strongly to humans than animals,” Gauff said.How to keep mosquitoes’ decanal signal from being transmitted will be the research team’s next focus. Gauff hoped their current work could be used to make mosquito killers and attractants to prevent disease. 22．What’s the final purpose of the research conducted by Gauff’s team?A．To study why only certain mosquitoes suck human blood.B．To investigate the neural activity in mosquitoes’ brains.C．To help prevent deadly diseases caused by mosquitoes.D．To test the effectiveness of mosquito killers.23．To which substance(s) would mosquitoes mostly be attracted?A．Natural oil from human skin.B．Chemicals in the environment.C．Decanal generated in human blood.D．Remains of decomposed sapienic acid.24．What can we learn from the passage?A．Most mosquito neurons are not involved in responding to human odor.B．Genetically modified mosquitoes are not sensitive to human odor.C．Further research will focus on odor signal and neural connection.D．Chemicals found in human and animal odors are quite different.（2023秋·北京东城·高三统考期末）Every robot is trained in some way to do a task. By seeing what to do, robots can copy the way of doing the task. But they do so unthinkingly, perhaps relying on sensors to try to reduce collision (碰撞) risks, rather than having any understanding of why they are performing the task or where they are within physical space. It means they will often make mistakes—hitting the object in their way, for instance.Hod Lipson and his colleagues are trying to face the challenge. They placed a robot arm in a laboratory where it was surrounded by four cameras at ground level and one camera above it. These fed video images back to a deep neural(神经的) network, a form of AI, connected to the robot that monitored its movement within the space. For 3 hours, the robot arm moved randomly and the neural network was fed information about the arm' s mechanical inputs and watched how it responded by seeing where it moved to in the space. This generated nearly 8,000 data points—and the team generated an additional 10,000 through a simulation (模拟) of the robot in a virtual version of its environment.To test how well the AI had worked, a cloud-like diagram was generated to show where the neural network “thought” the arm should be found as it moved. It was accurate to within 1 percent, meaning if the workspace was 1 metre wide, the system correctly estimated its position to within 1 centimetre. If the neural network is considered to be part of the robot itself, this suggests the robot has the ability to visualise where it physically is at any given moment.“To me, this is the first time in the history of robotics that a robot has been able to create a mental model of itself,” says Lipson. “It’s a small step, but it’s a sign of things to come.”Learning about the research, Andrew Hundt at the Georgia Institute of Technology says, “There is potential for further research to lead to useful applications based on this method, but not self- perception. The computer simply matches shape and motion patterns that happen to be in the shape of a robot arm that moves.” David Cameron at the University of Sheffield, UK, also says that following a specified path to complete a goal is easily achieved by existing robots.25．Hod Lipson’s work focuses on robots .A．flexibility B．self-awarenessC．deep-learning ability D．error correction26．What is the function of the neural network in the experiment?A．To process and transform neural information.B．To study and simulate AI’s virtual environment.C．To analyse and predict the arm’s position changes.D．To record and output the video images of the robot.27．As for the result of the experiment, Andrew Hundt is .A．sympathetic B．contentC．uncertain D．disapproving 28．What is the main purpose of the passage?A．To discuss a scientific concept.B．To assess a scientific finding.C．To introduce a science application.D．To present a science research.参考答案1．B 2．A 3．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。
听力密码中级the secret of listening (21)
Please give me two more straws. Are they all freshly squeezed? Can we add the yeasts for free? Would you like a drink before ordering? What would you like to drink?
Could I have some fruit sugar for my plum juice? The watermelon juice tastes funny. You can have some things added to your juice for increased nutrition.
recommendation of drinks
Questions
• 1. What beverages do they have for children? • 2. What kind of juice do they have? • 3. Do they have skim milk or whole milk? • 4. Do they have chocolate milk? • 5. What kind of shake do they have? • 6. What are milkshakes made with? • 7. What did the customer order?
Listening practice
Lesson 21
appoint
Jack was appointed governor of the state.
bill
This is an electricity bill.
carriage
高考阅读理解
AOne day an out-of-work mime (哑剧演员) is visiting the zoo and attempts to earn some money as a performer. As soon as he starts to draw the crowd, a zoo keeper grabs him and drags him into his office. The zoo keeper explains to the mime that the zoo's most popular attraction, a gorilla, died suddenly and the keeper fears that attendance at the zoo will fall off. He offers the mime a job to dress up as the gorilla until they can get another one. The mime accepts.So the next morning the mime puts on the gorilla suit and enters the cage before the crowd comes. He discovers that it's a great job. He can sleep when he wants to, play and make fun of people and he draws bigger crowds than he ever did as a mime. However, eventually the crowds get tired of him and he doesn’t like just swinging on wires any longer. He begins to notice that the people are paying more attention to the lion in the cage next to his.Not wanting to lose the attention of his audience, he climbs to the top of his cage, crawls across a partition (隔开物), and dangles (悬荡) from the top to the lion's cage. Of course, this makes the lion furious, but the crowd loves it. At the end of the day the zoo keeper comes and gives the mime a raise for being such a good attraction. Well, this goes on for some time, the mime keeps laughing at the lion, the crowds grow larger, and his salary keeps going up.Then one terrible day when he is dangling over the furious lion he slips and falls. The mime is terrified. The lion gathers its strength and prepares to pounce (猛扑). The mime is so scared that he begins to run round and round in the cage with the lion close behind. Finally, the mime starts screaming and yelling, "Help me, Help me!", but the lion is quick and pounces. The mime soon finds himself lying on his back looking up at the angry lion and the lion says, "Shut up, you idiot! Do you want to get us both fired?"1. The mime goes to the zoo in order to .A. perform to make some moneyB. take part in an interviewC. look for a better job as a worker in the zooD. help the zoo keeper to draw more visitors 2. T he underlined word “furious”(in Paragraph 3) means “”.A. happyB. angryC. frightenedD. satisfied3. Which of the following is true about the third paragraph?A. The visitors like the lion more.B. The lion is getting on well with the mime.C. The mime asks the zoo keeper for more salary.D. The zoo keeper is satisfied with the mime.4. According to the passage, we can know that .A. the lion wants to catch hold of the mimeB. both the lion and the mime will be killedC. another employer dresses up as the lionD. the zoo keeper will fire both of them本文是一篇记叙文。
英语本科段自学考试英汉翻译教程Unit 8 Popular Science
Unit 8 Popular ScienceLesson 22(E—C) Oil(1)By G.. C. ThornleyThere are three main groups of oil:animal, vegetable and mineral. Great quantities of animal oil come from whales, those enormous creatures of the sea which are the largest remaining animals in the world. To protect the whale from the cold of the Arctic seas, nature has provided it with a tick covering of fat called blubber. When the whale is killed, the blubber is stripped off and boiled down, either on board ship or on shore. It produces a great quantity of oil which can be made into food for human consumption. A few other creatures yield oil, but none so much as the whale. The livers of the cod and the halibut, two kinds of fish, yield nourishing oil. Both cod liver oil and halibut liver oil are given to sick children and other invalids who need certain vitamins. These oils may be bought at any chemist’s.Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity. No household can get on without it, for it is used in cooking. Perfumes may be made from the oils of certain flowers. Socpa are made from vegetable and animal oils.To the ordinary man, one kind of oil may be as important as another. But when the politician or the engineer refers to oil, he almost always means mineral oil, the oil that drives tanks, aeroplanes and warships, motor-cars and diesel locomotivs, the oil that is used to lubricate all kinds of machinery. This is the oil that is used to lubricate all knids of machinery. This is the oil that has changed the life of the common man. When it is refined into petrol it is used to drive the internal combustion engine. To it we owe the existence of the motor-car, which has replaced the private carriage drawn by the horse. To it we owe the possibility of flying. It has changed the horse. To it we owe the possiblility of flying. It has changed the methods of warfare on land and sea. This knid of oil comes out of the earth. Because it burns well, it is used as fuel and in some ways it is superior to coal in this repect. Many big ships now burn oil instead of coal. Because it burns brightly, it is used for illumination; countless homes are still illuminated with oil-burning lamps. Because it is very slippery, it is used for lubrication. Two metal surfaces rubbing together cause friction and heat; but if they are separated by a thin film of oil, the friction and heat are reduced. No machine would work for long if it were not properly lubricated. The oil used for this purpose must be of the correct thickness; if it is too thin it will not give sufficient lubrication, and if it is too thick it will not reach all parts that must e lubricated.(from English Through Reading)参考译文：G.C.索恩利油可以分为三大类：动物油、植物油、矿物油。
299篇托福阅读答案the earky history of
299篇托福阅读答案the earky history ofThe Early History of JupiterThe Sun and all planets in the solar system formed from the same cloud of interstellar material known as the solar nebula. However, the size and composition of the four outer Jovian planets(Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) radically differ from those of thefour terrestrial planets, which are closest to the Sun(Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars). Whereas the inner planets are composed mainly of heavier elements, the Jovian planetsare much larger and contain a much higher proportion of the light gases hydrogen and helium. Jupiter, with its mass of around 300 times that of Earth, is the largest planet in the solar system and is the Jovian planet closest to the Sun.It is generally believed that Jupiter's formation began with the accretion(the coming together of material under the influence of gravitation) of a solid core. This core grew by collision and sticking of dust, ice, rocks, and larger bodies--a process similar to the accretion of Earth. Jupiter, however, formed outside, or beyond, the "snow line,"a special place in the solar system where water vaporcondensed(solidified) to form ice grains, and the presence of "snow"in this region would enhance the density of solid matterand accelerate the accretion process. The mystery is why the proto-Jupiter(early Jupiter) grew so rapidly. Apparently, Jupiter grew to a mass of 15 Earths before Mars grew to 10percent of an Earth mass. Planetary scientist David Stevenson has suggested that outward migration of water vapor and condensation at the "snow line"may have provided larger concentrations of solid matter at this location, thus speeding up the formation of the early Jupiter.Jupiter's growth to a giant planet began when the rock-ice core mass reached 15 Earthmasses. At this mass, the gravity of the core can pull in and hold hydrogen and helium, the light gases that account for 99 percent of the mass of the nebula. When this gas accretion process begins, it is very dramatic because the rate of accretion of gas isproportional to the square of the mass already accreted. In other words, the bigger it gets, the faster it grows. If gas could be continually fed to it, it would consume the Universe in a relatively short time! What actually happens is that Jovian planet formation depletes its feeding zone(the area from which a forming planet can accumulate material)of matter, which in turn truncates planet formation. And although the general propertiesof this processmight be modeled, it just seems to have been by chance that our Jupiter formed as it did.Because Jupiter's gravity efficiently scatters bodies that approach it, it cleans our solar system of dangerous Earth orbit-crossing asteroids and comets(objects orbiting the Sun that are smaller than planets), thus having a beneficial influence on life on Earth.However, it appears that we have been quite lucky that the Jupiter in our solar system has maintained a stable orbit around the Sun.A Jupiter and a giant neighbor like Saturn (the second planet outside the "snow line"and the second largest in the solar system) are a potentially deadly couple that can lead to disastrous situations where a planetary system can literally be torn apart. Recently, it has become possible to use powerful computers to determine the stability of the orbits of Jupiter and Saturn over the lifetime of the planetary system. There are minor chaotic changes but no major changes, and the solar system, at least to a first approximation, is stable over its lifetime. However, this wouldnot be the case if either Jupiter or Saturn were more massive or if the two were closertogether. It would also be dangerous to have a third Jupiter-sized planet in a planetary system. In an unstable system the results can be catastrophic.Gravitational perturbations(destabilizing interactions) among the planets can radically change orbits, making them noncircular. Although instability might start with just two planets, the effects would spread to them all, and the resulting repeated changes in distance between a planet and the central star would prevent any of them from having the persistence of conditions required for a stable atmosphere, ocean, and complex life, such as plants and animals.1、The word"radically"in the passage is closest in meaning toslightlycertainlyeventuallyFundamentallyParagraph 1 is marked withAccording to paragraph 1, all of the following statements about the Jovian planets are true EXCEPTThey all formed from material present in the solar nebula.They are all further away from the Sun than the terrestrial planets are.They all contain a lower proportion of heavy elements than terrestrial planets do.They all have a mass that is at least 300 times greater than Earth's mass.Paragraph 1 is marked with3、Paragraph 2 suggests which of the following about Earth's formation?It occurred outside the"snow line."It occurred after the formation of Jupiter.It slowed when Earth reached 10 percent of the size of Mars.It included a period when solid materials were brought together by gravity.Paragraph 2 is marked with4、According to paragraph 2,which of the following features of the region in which Jupiter formed may have contributed to early Jupiter's rapid growth?High availability of solid materialsMasses of dust and rock migrating from the area near Earth Appearance of a snow line"after Jupiter began growingGravitational effects of the planet MarsParagraph 2 is marked with5、Why does the author provide the information that hydrogen and helium"account for 99 percent of the mass"of the solar nebula?To indicate that the nebula and early Jupiter contained different types of matter To challenge the claim that Jupiter's core consists of rock and iceTo support the point that Jupiter's core quickly reached 15 Earth masses in size To explain why Jupiter was able to attract large amounts of material after its core reached a certain sizeParagraph 3 is marked with。
jupiter‘s moon lo 托福阅读
jupiter‘s moon lo 托福阅读《jupiter's moon lo》Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, has a total of 79 known moons. Among them, Io is one of the most intriguing. Discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610, Io is the innermost of the four Galilean moons of Jupiter. It is also the most volcanically active body in the solar system.One of the most captivating features of Io is its numerous active volcanoes. The surface of Io is covered with over 400 volcanoes, with some of them erupting constantly. This is due to the intense gravitational pull from Jupiter and its other moons, causing tidal heating in Io's interior. As a result, molten rock is constantly churned up, leading to the frequent volcanic eruptions.The volcanic activity on Io has also led to the formation of a unique and colorful landscape. The sulfur and sulfur dioxide emitted by the volcanoes have created a truly mesmerizing world, with different colors and patterns is spread across its surface.Io's atmosphere is also intriguing. While it is extremely thin, consisting mainly of sulfur dioxide, it is constantly replenished by the volcanic activity. This creates a constantly changing and dynamic atmosphere, making Io a truly unique celestial body.In addition to its volcanic activity, Io also has a magnetic field, although it is much weaker than Earth's. This magnetic field is believed to be generated by the interaction between Jupiter's powerful magnetic field and the ionized particles emitted by Io's volcanoes.Overall, Io is a fascinating moon that continues to captivate the imagination of astronomers and space enthusiasts alike. Its unique combination of active volcanoes, colorful landscape, and dynamic atmosphere make it a truly remarkable celestial body in our solar system.。
高二阅读理解精选精炼(11)
Passage 56Pearl Carlson was shaken awake at 3:30 a.m. by a forceful pull. King, the family dog, was trying to pull her out of the bed. Then she smelled smoke and heard the sound of fire from her parent’s room. Pearl’s screams awaked her mother, Fern, and father, Howard, who had recently been in hospital for lung disease. Helping Howard to a first-floor window, Fern told him to climb out, then ran to her daughter.Still inside, King appeared at Pearl’s window, making squeaking(短促尖叫) sounds. When running toward Pearl’s bedroom, Fern realized her husband hadn’t yet escaped. She made her way back through the smoke and flames, following King’s sound to where Howard lay semiconscious (半昏迷) on the floor. Fern helped him get outside. King came out only after both were safe.As day dawned, the Carlsons saw that King’s paws were badly burnt, and his entire body was burnt, too. His chain collar had gotten so hot that it burnt his throat, making it impossible for him to bark(叫) normally. Only after the seven-year-old dog refused food did they find pieces of wood in his mouth and realize that King, who slept outside, had bitten through a wood door to warn his family.1. Who was King in the story?A. The family’s sonB. The family’s daughterC. The family dogD. The master2. According to the story, the first one who was completely out of danger could be ________.A. HowardB. FernC. Pearl and FernD. Pearl3. When the master’s room caught fire, _________.A. t he dog was sleeping in Pearl’s roomB. the dog waked Pearl upC. the dog just slept outside the master’s houseD. the dog did nothing but barking outside the master’s house4. After reading this story, we’ve learnt that the following statements could b e reasonable except __________.A. the dog made a big hole in the doorB. the dog awoke mother firstC. the dog was the last one to escape from the burning roomD. 缺5. From this story it can be inferred that _________.A. Pearl loves her parents very muchB. Howard is the best man of the familyC. The woman loves her children more deeply than her husbandD. The dog is man’s best friendPassage 57As long as the sun shines, the earth will not run out of energy. The sun pours more energy on earth than we can ever use. Most of that energy comes to us as heat and light. Energy from the sun is called solar energy.Anything to do with the sun is called “solar”. The word began with the Roman word for the sun and their god of the sun, who was called Sol. Solar energy is a safe kind of energy. It doesn’t make pollution or have dangerousleftovers. That is why scientists and investors are experimenting with ways of harnessing(治理利用) the sun to do some of the jobs fossil fuels have been doing.But to make the sun do work like that, they have to solve some problems. They have to collect the sun’s energy. Collecting sunshine is not easy, unless you are a plant. Sunshine is not ea sy to store, either. You can’t fill a tank with it or put it in the wood box. You can not move it through a pipe or a wire. You can not just turn it on.1. What form does most of solar energy take to reach us?A. LightB. HeatC. Gas.D. Both A and B2. Where does the word “solar” came from?A. GreekB. RomanC. Old EnglishD. Chinese3. Which of the following is NOT true of solar energy?A. It is a safe energy.B. It is a green energy.C. It may cause pollution to the air.D. It is endless.4. What are the problems facing scientists who want to use solar energy?A. It is not easy to collect.B. It is not easy to store.C. It is not easy to find out.D. Both A and B5. What is the writer’s purpose of writing t he passage?A. To give a brief introduction to solar energy.B. To explain the reason why it is not easy to make solar energy.C. To give information about the advantages of solar energy.D. To give a brief introduction to the word “solar”.Passage 58A million tourists go to Barcelona every year. They went to see Antonio Gaudi’s church. This unusual church has a strange history. Gaudi was born in Spain in 1852. He had to work and study at the same time. He often missed classes because he had to work, but one day he designed a very unusual show-case for an exhibition in Paris. People began to give him work. He designed houses, offices and gardens. They were all very unusual. He was soon very rich and famous. Then a rich bookseller said, “Will you build a ch urch for the poor people of Barcelona? I will pay. I will build schools and workshops, too. They will help the people.” “I will do it,” said Gaudi. He worked for forty years, but he could not finish the church. It was too big. He needed $10,000,000. He gave all his money to the church. He was poor again when died he in 1926, and only the front of the church was finished. But architects, engineers and tourists from all over the world come to see it. It was very strange, very modern and very revolutionary.1. Which of the following titles best fits the passage?A. Barcelona—a Famous CityB. A Strange History of an Unusual ChurchC. A Poor Architect’s Unusual WorkD. Antonio Gaudi’s Life2. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Gaudi was a Spanish architect.B. Gaudi devoted most of his life to the building of the church.C. People all over the world admire the architect very much.D. Many tourists go to see Gaudi’s unfinished church.3. Gaudi sometimes missed classes because__________.A. he did n’t like it.B. he had to work at the same time.C. they were too difficultD. he had to build a church4. The church is unusual because_______________.A. it’s unfinished.B. it’s strangeC. it’s modernD. all of the above5. According to the passage, Gaudi_______________.A. suffered a lot in his lifeB. was full of sympathy to the poorC. always created unusual works.D. Both B and CPassage 59The dark smoke that comes out from of stacks(大烟囱) or from a burning dump(垃圾) contains tiny bits of solid or liquid matter. The smoke also contains many gases, most of which can not been seen. Altogether, they make up the serious problems of air pollution. In so many places it keeps us from seeing the sun, irritate(刺痛) our eyes, causes us to cough and makes us ill.Air pollution can spread from city to city. It even spreads from one country to another. Some northern European countries have had “black snow” from pollutants that have traveled trough the air from other countries and have fallen with the snow. So air pollution is a global problem. It can kill babies, older people and those who have respiratory(呼吸) disease. In 1952, four thousands people die in one week as a result of a serious air pollution breakout in London. In 1948 in a small town of Pennsylvania, 20 people died in four-day period of air pollution. As often found in cities, air pollution increases the risks of lung disease, such as bronchitis and asthma. Of course, smoking and other factors help to cause these illnesses, too, but these causes have increased greatly during recent years as air pollution has become worse.1. Which of the following is NOT true about the “black snow” incident?A. It happened in the northern European countries.B. It happened there because air pollution in these countries was most serious.C. Pollutants that fell with snow made it dirty.D. It is a global problem.2. Who can be killed by air pollution?A. Earth and plants.B. Stones and birds.C. Those who suffer from respiratory illnesses.D. Both A and C.3. How many people died of air pollution in Pennsylvania in 1948?A. 4,000B. 20.C. None.D. 4020.4. What are bronchitis and asthma?A. Different types of headaches.B. Lung disease.C. Heart diseases.D. Different types of stomach aches.5. According to the passage, air pollution increase people’s chance of getting____?A. Headache.B. A lung disease.C. Stomachache.D.Nervous breakdown. Passage 60 如果你长时间不用你的胳膊或腿，他们将会变得虚弱无力If you do not use your arm or your legs for some time, they become weak; when you start using them again, they slowly become strong again. Everybody knows that. Yet many people do not seem to know that memory works in the same way. When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by using it. When someone else says that his memory is poor he really means that he does not give it enough chance(机会) to become strong. If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we know that it is his own fault(过错).But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents are to blame(受责备),and few of us know that it is just his own fault. Have you ever found that some people can’t read or write but usually they have better memories? This is because they cannot read or write and they have to remember things they can write down in a little notebook. They have to remember days, names, songs and stories, so their memory is the whole time being exercised. So if you want to have a good memory, learn from the people: Practice remembering.(225 words)1. The main reason(主要原因) for one with poor memory is that __________.A. his father or mother may have a poor memoryB. he does not use his arms or legs for some timeC. his memory is not often usedD. he can’t read or write2. If you do not use your arms or legs for some time, _______.A. you can’t use them any moreB. they will become strongerC. they become weak and won’t become strong until you use them againD. they will not change3. Which of the following is NOT true ?A. Your memory works in the same way as your arms or legs.B. Your memory ,like your arms or legs ,become weak if you don’t give itenough chance for practiceC. Don’t learn how to read and write if you want to have a better memory.D. A good memory comes from more practice.4. Some people can’t read or write ,but they usually have better memories, because _________.A. they have saved much troubleB. they have saved much time to remember thingsC. they have to use their memories all the timeD. they can’t write everything in a little notebook5. Give a best title(标题) for this passage.A. Don’t stop using Your Arms or LegsB. How To Have a Good MemoryC. Strong Arms and Good MemoriesD. Learn from the people56CABBD 57DBCDA 58DCBDD 59BCBBB 60CCCCB。
为什么天文台的屋顶是球形的英语
为什么天文台的屋顶是球形的英语作文In the field of astronomy, the design of the observatory plays a vital role, and one notable feature is the presence of a spherical roof. Let us explore the reasons behind this design choice.One reason for a spherical roof is to provide unobstructed views of the sky. The spherical shape allows for a wide field of vision, enabling astronomers to observe a larger portion of the celestial sphere.This design also helps in minimizing obstruction from surrounding structures or objects, ensuring a clear and uninterrupted view.Another advantage is related to the tracking of celestial objects. The spherical roof facilitates the rotation of the telescope, allowing it to follow the motion of the objects being observed.This enables more comprehensive and precise observations to be made.The shape of the roof assists in evenly distributing weight and structural support. It provides stability to the observatory and protects the delicate instruments inside.It also helps to protect the observatory from external elements such as wind and rain.In addition, a spherical roof can offer better insulation and temperature control. This is crucial for maintaining the optimal conditions within the observatory to ensure the accuracy of the observations.。
高考英语阅读理解强化训练Day52
高考英语阅读理解强化训练Day52高考英语阅读理解强化训练Day 52Passage 1An Indian barber has come up with a novel technique to give people haircuts using just a small comb and a burning candle instead of a pair of scissors. Just like any barber, Dasharath Kumar, 28, combs the hair and meticulously runs the flame of the candle on the ends, giving it a unique finish. The 'cutting’edge' technique has made him the most demanded barber in his small village in Gulbarga in Karnataka in southern India.While Dasharath joined his family business when he was 15, the unique idea only clicked him five years ago. He says: "Electricity cut was common in our village and we were used to working in dark. But one evening while I was cutting the hair of a customer, power went off and I had to use the light from a candle to finish the haircut. But the flames of the candle that night inspired me to think of using a new technique for trimming(修剪) hair.""I had bunch of regular customers so when I told them about the experiment, they happily said they trusted me and my skills and gave a nod for the new technique. Surprisingly, it came out very well. Since then there was no looking back."Started with only 20 pence, customers now happily pay him ￡1 for his novel way of haircut. One of his daring customers Yusuf Khan, who waited for nearly two hours for his turn, said: "Every barber gives a haircut using scissors but the fun of getting a haircut with a candle flame is unbeatable. Initially, I was not prepared for it but once I saw the magic of his hands, I never went back to a regular barber."1. The best title for the passage is probably ________ .A. An amazing Indian barberB. A latest cutting fashionC. A regular barber's futureD. What made a good barber2. The underlined word "meticulously" probably means ________ .A. casuallyB. carefullyC. freelyD. randomly3. When was Dasharath inspired to trim hair with a burning candle?________A. At the age of five.B. After his graduation.C. After a power failure.D. When it's getting dark.4. What can we conclude from the text?________A. No customers want to be back to Dasharath's salon.B. Dasharath charges more money than any other barber.C. A traditional barber can't make a living in the future.D. Many people are attracted by Dasharath's technique.Passage 2The world’s insects are going down the path of extinction, threatening a “catastrophic collapse of nature’s ecosystems”, according to the first global scientific review. More than 40％of insect species are declining and third are endangered, the analysis found. The rate of extinction is eight times faster than that of mammals, birds and reptiles.“It should be of huge concern to all of us, for insects are atthe heart of every food web. They pollinate(授粉)the large majority of plant species, keep the soil healthy, recycle nutrients, control pests, and much more. Love them or 1oathe them, we humans cannot survive without insects, ”said Prof Dave Goulson at the University of Sussex in the UK.The analysis, published in the journal Biological Conservation, says intensive(集约型)agriculture is the main driver of the declines, particularly the heavy use of pesticides. Urbanisation and climate change are also significant factors.“If insect species losses cannot be stopped, this will have catastrophic consequences for both the planet’s ecosystems and for the survival of mankind. It is very rapid. In 10 years you will have a quarter less, in 50 years only half left and in 100 years you will have none, ”said review author Francisco Sánchez-Bayo, at theUniversity of Sydney, Australia.One of the biggest impacts of insect loss is on many birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish that eat insects. “If this food source is taken away, all these animals starve to death, ”he said. Such effects have already been seen in Puerto Rico, where a recent study revealed a 98％fall in ground insects over 35 years.Matt Shardlow, at the conservation charity Buglife, said：“It is thoughtful to see this evidence that shows the pitiful state of the world’s insect populations. It is increasingly obvious that the planet’s ecology is breaking and there is a need for a strong and global effort to prevent and change these terrible trends. ”1. Why are people worried about the insect decline?A. They are vital to ecosystems.B. They provide food for pests.C. They pollinate all plants.D. They enrich the soil.2. What is the main cause of insect losses?A. More and more trees.B. Restrictions on pesticides.C. Upgrading agriculture.D. Friendly environment.3. Where can you find the exact time of insect losses?A. In paragraph 1.B. In paragraph 2.C. In paragraph 3.D. In paragraph 4.4. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Humans can survive the punishment of natureB. Insect declining is breaking nature’s ecosystemsC. Nature’s ecosystems are influenced by humansD. Insects and animals are dying out in Puerto RicoPassage 3In today's society, language plays a key role in defining gender(性别) by vocabulary, and also their non’verbal(非语言的) vocabulary. Each one of these different types of ways of communicating is obvious different between men and women.Many different studies show that men tend to talk much more than women. It hasalso been proven that women tend speak faster than men; this is due to the fact that women tend to be interrupted more often than men are, and also have the ability to speak more clearly, precisely, and more quickly than men. In one study it was found that women spoke for an average of three minutes describing a painting, as opposed to the thirteen’minute average it took men to describe it.Men and women also tend to have a very different non’verbal way of communicating, which can also make it very hard for one another to understand what the opposite sex is trying to say. Men's body language is much more reserved when talking to women. Men tend not to make as much eye contact and they generally stay farther away from women when talking to them. Men avoid other people's body space while talking, and they also tend to sit back when talking. All of these have given off the impression of disinterest or boredom. Women are by far better listeners and much more enjoyable to talk with and they tend to raise more topics for conversation.Women also make it clearer whether or not the conversation is going somewhere or just stuck in neural. After learning about our styles of communicating with each other, I have decided that although men have not quite mastered communicating, what fun would it be if we all spoke the same "language"? The little games men and women play with each other while conversing would be lost. The question everyone asks himself or herself after talking with someone of the opposite sex, "I wonder if there's something there?" would no longer exist.1. What does the underlined word "this" in Paragraph 2 refer to________ ?A. The differences between men's and women's languagesB. The different speed of men's and women's speechC. The ability of men's and women's spoken languageD. The non’verbal vocabulary of men and women2. In what way do men and women differ according to the third paragraph________ ?A. Speed of understandingB. Understanding of speech rolesC. Politeness of communicationsD. Application of body language3. What is the author's attitude to the differences between men's and women's communication________ ?A. CautiousB. FavorableC. AmbiguousD. Skeptical4. What is the best title for the text________ ?A. Women, born excellent talkersB. Men's and women's social rolesC. V ocabulary and communicationD. Opposite gender, different languagePassage 4Fun is hard to have.Fun is a rare jewel.Somewhere along the line people got the modern idea that fun was there for the asking, that people deserved fun, that if we didn’ t have a little fun every day, we would turn into puritans （清教徒）.“Was it fun？”became the question that overshadowed all other questions. When the pleasure got to be the main thing, the fun fetish（迷恋）was sure to follow. Everything was supposed to be fun. If it wasn’ t fun, then we were going to make it fun, or else.Think of all the things that got the reputation of being fun. Family outings were supposed to be fun. Education was supposed to be fun. Work was supposed to be fun. Walt Disney, church and staying fit were supposed to be fun.Fun got to be such a big thing that everybody started to lookfor more and more thrilling ways to supply it. One way was to step up the level of danger so that you could be sure that, no matter what, you would manage to have a little fun.Big occasions were supposed to be fun, such as Christmas, Thanksgiving andEaster. But we ended up going through every Big Event we ever celebrated, waiting for the fun to start. So I should tell you just in case you’ re worried about your fun capacity while you are sitting around waiting for the fun to start, that not much is. I don’ t mean to put a damper on things. I j ust mean we ought to treat fun reverently. It is a mystery. It cannot be caught like a virus. It cannot be trapped like an animal. When fun comes in on little dancing feet, we probably won’ t be expecting it. In fact, I bet it comes when we’ re doing our d uty, our job.I remember one day, long ago, on which I had an especially good time. Pam Davis and I, aged 12, walked into a store that morning to buy some candy. She got her Bit’O’Honey. I got my malted milk balls, chocolate stars. Then we started back to her house. It was a long way to Pam’s house but every time we got weary, Pam would put her hand over her eyes, scan the horizon like a sailor and say, “We ought to reach home by nightfall, ”at which point the two of us would laugh until we thought we could n’ t stand it another minute. Then after we got calm, she’ d say it again. You should have been there. It was the kind of day and friendship and occasion that made me deeply regretful that I had to grow up.It is fun.1. What does the author mainly want to talk about in this passage？________A. The definition of fun.B. The importance of fun.C. The best way to find fun.D. The common occasions to find fun.2. When the author tells us to“treat fun reverently”, she is encouraging us to ________ .A. look forward to having funB. show great respect for funC. have fun less frequentlyD. teach others how to have fun3. Who would benefit most from the article？________A. Those who have great fun in big occasions.B. Those who prefer friendship to having fun.C. Those who are worried about not having fun.D. Those who regret having grown up.Passage 5When you think back to the blackboard from your school days, what color is it? Chances are that it's green. So what's up with the name? Originally, blackboards were really black. Before wall-sized blackboards existed, late 18th-century students used their own mini boards made of slate(石板)or painted wood, according to Concordia University, Those first boards were, in fact. black, and they paved the way for the larger ones.In 1800 when a Scottish headmaster named James Pillans wanted his students to draw maps, the students couldn't draw the maps their teacher wanted on their tiny boards, so Pillans put several slates together to create a large board. Problem solved! From there, the idea spread quickly as teachers could finally show a concept to the whole class at one time. By 1815, the massive writing spaces were common enough to earn their own name: blackboard.The color change came in the 1960s when companies sold, steel plates, coated with green enamel(漆) instead of the traditional dark slate. The new material was lighter and less fragile than the first blackboards, so they were cheaper to ship and more likely to survive the journey. Teachers weren't complaining either. After all, the new “greenboards” made the chalk powder easier to erase. Plus, the enamel left less of a glare and the color was nicer to look at. At that point, people started using the word “chalkboard ” as a more accurate descriptor, but “ blackboard” still stuck around.1. What did the late 18th-century students use in class?A. Blackboard.B. ChalkboardC. GreenboardD. Mini board.2. Why did the headmaster ask the students to put their mini boards together?A. To make a comparison.B. To make enough spaceC. To draw students’ attentionD. To arouse students’ interest3. Which of the following is NOT the advantage of the“greenboard”?A. They're lighter in weight.B. They're more convenient to transportC. They’re easier to erase the powder.D. They’re more useful than the traditional ones4. What's the main idea of the text?A. Introduction of the blackboardB. Origin of the blackboard.C. Color of the blackboard.D. Function of the blackboard.参考答案Passage 1Passage 31. A主旨大意题。
golden trumpet 英语课文
golden trumpet 英语课文English:The golden trumpet, also known as Allamanda, is a tropical plantwith large, showy, trumpet-shaped flowers. These bright yellow flowers can brighten up any garden or landscape, and they are favored by many gardeners for their beauty and resilience. The golden trumpet plant requires warm temperatures and plenty of sunlight to thrive, making it a popular choice for gardens in tropical and subtropical regions. Although it is a relatively low-maintenance plant, it is important to note that all parts of the golden trumpet plant are toxic if ingested, so caution should be taken when planting it in areas where children or pets have access.中文翻译:金喇叭，也被称为黄蝎子花，是一种热带植物，拥有大型、艳丽、喇叭形的花朵。
这些明亮的黄色花朵能让任何花园或景观变得明亮，许多园丁都喜欢它们的美丽和耐力。
金喇叭植物需要温暖的气温和充足的阳光才能茁壮成长，因此它成为热带和亚热带地区花园中的热门选择。
尽管金喇叭植物相对易于养护，但需要注意的是，其所有部分都是有毒的，如果误食应当引起重视，因此在儿童或宠物容易接触的地方种植时应当小心。
专业英语阅读材料
专业英语阅读材料AbstractPeople in the past often believed that they were the center of the universe. Modern astronomy has proven that we are part of a much larger universe, full of mysteries and secrets that we have only begun to explore. This article will discuss thehistory of astronomy, its current status, and its future potential. Topics discussed include the Copernican revolution, Kepler’s laws of planetary motion, and the search for extraterrestrial life.IntroductionThe Copernican RevolutionThe most significant event in the history of astronomy is the Copernican revolution of the 16th century. Prior to Copernicus, many civilizations believed that the Earth was the center of the universe. Copernicus developed a model of the universe that placed the sun at the center, with the planets orbiting around it. This model was significantly more accurate than previous models and allowed astronomers to make much more accurate calculations and predictions.Kepler’s LawsSearch for Extraterrestrial LifeIn recent decades, astronomers have used powerful telescopes and other instruments to search for planets outside our solar system. So far, over 4,000 exoplanets have been confirmed, andthe list is growing. Astronomers are also using theseinstruments to search for signs of extraterrestrial life. So far, there is no conclusive evidence to suggest that there is life beyond Earth, but the search continues.Conclusion。
高二听力一刻钟 29 The Hammock.[
29 The HammockThere are warm tropical regions all over the globe, but only the Indians of the South American rain forests have formed the habit of sleeping in the open air. Long before they made painful acquaintance with Europeans, they had invented something that was unique on earth: the hammock.Nobody really knows who first had the bright idea of making sleeping in the air the symbol of untroubled rest．The Indians see the hammock as gift of heaven，some －thing given to them a very long time ago．In it the Indians pass away hot noon hours, napping or chatting．Swinging it to and fro creates a cooling breath of air and keeps away insects．They work and play in hammocks，are born and die there．Hung like a suspension bridge between heaven and earth，a hammock is dry while the soil is damp and safe from most wild animals．Hammocks have the advantage over beds in that they are easy to transport and take up very little space when they have been rolled up．Indians never go on a journey without their hammocks，not even to their plantations．吊床地球上有许多温暖的热带地区，然而只有南美洲雨林地区的印第安人养成了在露天环境下睡觉的习惯。
现代大学英语听力1_课堂听力Unit_3
Task 1【答案】1) Her hobby is sky-diving. She jumps from an aeroplane and falls through the air. She opens her parachute only when she is very close to the ground.2) He wants to organize a band.3) To win.【原文】My hobby is sky-diving. Do you know what that is? I jump from an aeroplane and fall through the air. I open my parachute only when I‘m very close to the ground. Of course it‘s rather dangerous. Perhaps that‘s why I enjoy it. I think it‘s fun. Very few women do it. But we‘re just as good at it as men.I‘m very interested in music. In my free time I play and listen to it. I can play the guitar and the flute. I enjoy all kinds of music but my favorite is folk music. Good folk music. I like classical music, too. But I prefer folk music. I‘d like to have my own group some day.I love all kinds of sports but my favorite is tennis. But I don‘t enjoy watching it. I only enjoy playing it. And when I play I want to win. That‘s very important. I hate losing!Task 2【答案】A.1) F, 2) F, 3) T, 4) TB.She was taught where to sit in the aeroplane, how to jump out, how to guide the parachute, and how to land safely on the ground.【原文】I made my first parachute jump because I had read an article about it and I had always wanted to try it.Before the jump I went to six training classes. I was taught where to sit in the aeroplane, how to jump out, how to guide the parachute, and how to land on the ground safely.On the big day I was very nervous. The weather was cloudy, but the pilot thought it was all right, so the two of us (the instructor and I) got into the aeroplane with the pilot, and Helen Gray got into the other. (She wanted to take some parachuting photographs.) We took off and climbed to 1000 metres. I was really very frightened waiting for the big moment! Then the instructor told me to jump. I looked out of the open door and saw the ground below. It was the most terrifying moment of my life! I closed my eyes and jumped.It was a great relief when the parachute opened! I looked up and saw the orange canopy. Below me was the landing area. It was really beautiful falling peacefully through the air. I landed well and waited for the instructor. Then we picked up our parachutes and went off to have a coffee and talk about the jump.Parachuting is definitely more exciting than other things I have done before — like mountain climbing and sailing —and it‘s more fun, too. I‘m going to make my second jump next week.【答案】A.1) a, 2) cB.a – c – b【原文】When I was seven years old, my family grew our first square watermelon. No one had ever seen a square watermelon before, so it became an instant celebrity. People visited our garden to see the unusual fruit, and I even took it to school for show-and-tell.What‘s so great about square watermelons? Well, besi des their odd shape, the melons stack nicely, fit in the refrigerator, and won‘t roll off the table.Whenever people ask how they can grow their own square watermelons, my dad tells them to ―use square seeds‖. Truthfully, though, my dad discovered the key to square fruit by accident.Every summer we plant a small vegetable garden. To keep the young fruit from rotting on the moist ground, my dad props them on cinder blocks. In 1996, we returned from vacation to find a young melon stuck in the centre of a cinder block. The watermelon had grown inside the block until it was wedged too tightly to remove.―We didn‘t want to kill it, so we just left it there,‖ my father remembers. ―At harvest time when we broke the cinder block, we found a perfectly healthy melon — but it was also perfectly square.‖Since that summer my family has been growing square watermelons on purpose.Task 4【答案】A.Name: Matthew TreharneAge: 10Hometown: Cambridgeshire, in the east of EnglandAward: a black belt for karateTime of getting this award: this summerTime of starting practicing karate: 6 years agoReason practicing karate: He liked it and he wanted to be strongOther sport he plays: football and rugbyB.1) He gives his karate shows near his home in Cambridgeshire.2) He gives the money away.3) It was used to buy a heart ventilator, a special machine for people with weak hearts.【原文】Philip: My special visitor today is Matthew Treharn e, one of this year‘s Children of Courage. Good afternoon, Matthew.Matthew: Good afternoon.Philip: Where do you come from, Matthew?Matthew: From Cambridgeshire, in the east of England.Philip: Now you‘ve got a black belt for karate, haven‘t you?Matthew: Yes.Philip: And you‘re the first ten-year-old with a black belt?Matthew: Yes, that‘s right.Philip: That‘s fantastic. When did you start karate?Matthew: Six years ago. When I was four.Philip: Only four? Why did you choose karate?Matthew: Because I liked it. And because I wanted to be strong.Philip: Weren‘t you strong?Matthew: Oh no. I had a hole in my heart when I was born. So I was very ill. Then I had a big preparation in hospital. But I was still weak and tired all the time. So I started karate. Philip: Was it difficult at first?Matthew: Well, at the beginning, yes, it was. But my parents always encouraged me to go on.Philip: When did you get your black belt?Matthew: I got it this summer.Philip: What a wonderful fight against a handicap! Now you are strong and a champion! Matthew: Oh, it‘s just fun now. I play other sports too.Philip: Do you play football?Matthew: Yes, and rugby.Philip: You give special karate s hows, don‘t you?Matthew: Yes, I give local karate shows. Near my home in Cambridgeshire.Philip: So you are rich too?Matthew: Oh no. I give the money away.Philip: Do you?Matthew: Yes. I gave ￡1,000 to a hospital in Peterborough.Philip: What did they buy with the money?Matthew: They bought a heart ventilator —that‘s a special machine for people with weak hearts.Philip: So they can help other people with problems like yours?Matthew: Yes, and then they can learn karate too!Philip: What a splendid story! Thank you Matthew. And enjoy your special day in London. Matthew: Thanks. Goodbye.Task 5【答案】1) On the wall. In his bath.2) They are constellations.3) Texas.4) Through writing, she could express herself and get her troubles out. She could write about things she is reluctant to say in front of people or some serious matters.5) The first prize in inter-school competitions.【原文】My hobbies are collecting stickers and writing songs. I like collecting stickers because some are cool and if I collect enough I can fill up my wall with stickers. I also like writing songs, like ―Baby,Don‘t Leave Me‖, because I always think of them in the shower.My favorite hobby is stargazing, because I think it is a challenge to look for the Big Dipper, Little Dipper, and all those other constellations. I think it is almost like doing a word search because you have to concentrate and look carefully for the constellations.One of our favorite hobbies is looking for license plates of other states. So far, we have seen 22 different states, and we‘ve also seen Guam, a territory of the United States. We enjoy this hobby because we usually see Texas, so it‘s fun to see another kind of license plate.I have many different hobbies. But my favorite hobby is writing. I have dreams of becoming an author, novelist, or journalist. I enjoy writing stories and poems the most. I love writing because there are so many different styles and because writing is the best way for me to express myself and to get my troubles out. I don‘t really like to talk in front of a lot of people or about serious matters. So that‘s where writing comes in handy.Dancing is my favorite hobby. I have given three to four stage performances. I have also participated in the inter-school competitions, and I have won first prize for my school. Winning prizes and dancing on stage encourages me to learn more.Task 6【答案】A.1) a, 2) b, 3) aB.1) F, 2) T【原文】David was a young man who worked in an office in a big city. His hobby was fishing, but he didn‘t often get a chance to practice it.Then one summer he decided to have a holiday in a beautiful place in the mountains where there were a lot of streams. ―I ought to be able to have some good fishing there, ―he said to himself.The first morning after he arrived, he walked to the nearest stream with his fishing rod. He saw an old man standing beside the water, so he asked him whether it was a private stream. The old man answered it was not, so David then said to him,‖Well, then it won‘t be a crime if I catch some fish here, will it?‖―Oh, no.‖ answered the old man. ―It won‘t be a crime, but it will certainly be a miracle.‖Task 7【答案】A.1) b, 2) dB.1) Because the man was fishing in a small pool of rain-water about five centimeters deep.2) Joe also thought that he was out of his mind and he pitied him.3) He was trying to catch some people who are willing to offer him free drinks.4) Eight.【原文】Joe was going to his usual bar before lunch when he saw a poorly dressed man fishing in a small pool of rain-water about five centimeters deep outside it.Joe stopped and watched the poor man for a few minutes. He saw that most of the people who passed by him believed he was mad.Joe pitied the man, so after a few minutes he went up to him and said: ―Hello. Would you like to come into the bar and have a drink with me?‖The fisherman was delighted to accept his offer and the two men went into the bar together. Joe bought the fisherman a few drinks, and finally said to him, ―You‘ve been fishing outside here, haven‘t you? How many did you manage to catch this morning, if I may ask?‖―You are the eighth,‖ the fisherman answered merrily.Task 8【答案】A.1) d, 2) a, 3) bB.1) F, 2) F【原文】Journalist: Er… roughly, when did you begin collecting badges?Simpson: At my primary school, I think. The teachers used to give out badges to pupils who were particularly good at certain things. So I got a little blue badge with the word―swimming‖ on it, and then another one I remember — it was green — which had theword ―tidy‖ on it! Ha!Journalist: And have you still got those badges in your collection?Simpson: No… well, I‘ve got the swimming badge, but I think I was so untidy that I must have lost the tidy badge years ago!Journalist: And you started collecting badges, then, from that, the age of about nine? Simpson: Er, yeah, I guess so… eight or nine or so. That‘s right. In those days — we‘re talking about the early 50s — there weren‘t so many cars around as there are today. So fillingstations didn‘t have so many customers. So the petrol companies used to give outbadges. I suppose they thought that kids whose parents had a car would keep askingthem to go to a particular filling station so that they could get another free badge. Mydad bought our first car in 1956 — I think it was a black Ford Popular—and every timeI went out with him in it I used to ask him to go to a different petrol station so that Icould add more to my growing badge collection. Actually, he was a very shy man, myfather, and I‘m sure he didn‘t like asking for free thingd.Journalist: So petrol company badges were the first ones in your collection, weren‘t they? Simpson: After ―swimming‖ and ―tidy‖, yeah. But soon all sorts of companies started making badges to advertise their products, even cigarette companies. I‘ve got one in mycollection f or Will‘s Woodbines — they were the cheapest cigarettes in those days —and on the badge, at the bottom, it says, ―Smoked by Millions‖— no health warningsin those days.Task 9【答案】1) In the United States a university professor is granted a few months of freedom from his duties approximately every seventh year for travel or advanced study. This period of freedom from teaching is called a ―sabbatical‖ leave.2) Some of the usual duties of a college president are giving speeches, dealing with the government and taking part in various social activities.3) Dr. Coleman started his sabbatical leave on a farm in Canada, hundreds of miles from his college. Getting up at 4:30 each morning, working 13 hours a day in fields and barns, he prepared himself physically for his next job, digging ditches, in Atlanta, Georgia. After that, the college president washed dishes in a Boston restaurant. During the last ten days of his leave, he worked as a garbage collector.By doing the hard manual labor, Dr. Coleman wanted to remind himself of the common things about people. Therefore he could com to life with the fact that he was just the same as everyone else, not the ―powerful‖person he might think himself to be after being the college president for too long.4) After two months of working with his hands, Coleman returned from his unusual sabbatical leave, convinced that the experience had been worthwhile. He had some good things to say about people who do hard physical work. He found that pride and satisfaction came chiefly in the form of praise from co-workers.【原文】In the United States a university professor is granted a few months of freedom from his duties approximately every seventh year for travel or advanced study. This period of freedom from teaching is called a ―sabbatical‖ leave.Few sabbatical leaves are interesting enough to be described in national newspapers and magazines. Recently, however, there was an exception. The public learned how Dr. John R. Coleman, president of Haverford College, had spent his sabbatical leave.―I wanted to get away from the world of words and politics and parties—the things a president does,‖ Dr. Coleman later explained to reporters. ―As a college president you begin to take yourself very seriously and to think you have power you don‘t. You forget things about people. I wanted to relearn things I‘d forgotten.‖Telling no one of his plans, Dr. Coleman started his sabbatical leave on a farm in Canada, hundreds of miles from his college. Getting up at 4:30 each morning, working 13 hours a day in fields and barns, he prepared himself physically for his next job, digging ditches, in Atlanta, Georgia. After that, the college president washed dishes in a Boston restaurant. During the last ten days of his leave, he worked as a garbage collector.This unusual sabbatical leave was conducted in great secrecy. Coleman telephoned his family once a week, ―just to let someone know where I was and that I was healthy.‖None of his students or co-workers at Haverford College knew what their president was doing. On each job he avoided letting people know who he was. ―When people would ask me about myself, I‘d try to turn the conversation back to them,‖he explained. ―Some co-workers might have thought I was a little different, a little quiet maybe, but I doubt anyone knew I was a college president.‖There was only one employer who sensed something unusual. ―At a restaurant in Boston, I had been on the job exactly one hour — I was washing dishes — when the boss came over and said, ‗I‘m afraid you won‘t do.‘ and handed me two dollars. ――Immediately I asked him why, but he just said, ‗It‘s not your work. Sorry.‘‖That was the first time in more than 30 years as a job holder that Coleman had heard such words. It helped him understand how a man of his age might feel when he suddenly realized he had lost his job.After two months of working with his hands, Coleman returned from his unusual sabbatical leave, convinced that the experience had been worthwhile. He had some good things to say about people who do hard physical work. ―A lot of my co-workers would complain when the work was too heavy,‖ he said, ―but they‘d complain a lot more when there was nothing to do.‖He found that pride and satisfaction came chiefly in the form of praise from co-workers. Even though pay was important, what brought the greatest satisfaction was knowing that someone had noticed how a job was being done.Task 10【答案】I love trees because they have many different shades of green, so many that it‘s almost impossible to count. When I paint a picture of a tree I use many shades of green and many more shades of brown. My favorite thing about trees is that they always seem to have a glow around them.I love trees because they always smell so fresh and clean. I like to go to the nursery because I love the smell of trees — it‘s so refreshing. It‘s a glass of cool water on a hot day, or a damp cloth on a hot forehead.One of my favorite things about trees is that they are fun to climb. I started climbing trees when I was very little. My dad taught me how to climb, along with some useful tips. I especially like to climb my grandpa‘s apple tree.。
2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精选训练含答案Wh
2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精选训练含答案Imagine a plate holding two strawberries, identical in appearance. One came out of a supermarket box, meaning it was probably harvested when it was still unripe. By the time it reached the plate it may have been off the vine for two weeks. The other strawberry was picked from a garden minutes before being eaten.Supermarket strawberries are not entirely without advantages: they are convenient and still available even in winter months. But the two berries differ from each other in the same way that hearing music in a concert hall differs from listening to it on an old CD player. The home-grown fruit is an eatable case for making a home garden.Your columnist, who long considered gardening a complete waste of time, advances this argument with great enthusiasm. Planting cool-weather greens, as gardeners across thenorth-east of America are now doing, can seem nonsense, since convenient, continuously well-stocked supermarket shelves are available all week. But the same could be said of cooking: thereare many cheap and decent restaurants around, so why botherto make your own meals?That attitude misconstrues the ultimate appeal of gardening: it mistakes the product for the purpose. It is true that a garden can produce tomatoes and carrots of incomparable sweetness, and celtuce and herbs that taste like themselves rather than the plastic they are usually packaged in. While finding, let’s say, celtuce in the shops can take some time, effort, and expense, growing your own vegetables ensures a reliable supply.On the other hand, a garden, especially in the early years, can produce little but frustration. Green hands may plant the wrong crops for their soil. And even expert gardeners can lose a season’s harvest to uncooperative weather.No matter. The real joy of gardening is the time spent doing it. The deepest pleasure-as with cooking. Writing or almost anything worthwhile —is in the work itself. To garden is to patiently, lovingly and diligently help life become strong and healthy, in the ground and above it.8. What can we know about the supermarket strawberries?A. They look distinct from home-grown ones.B. They give out pleasant and fresh smell.C. They are picked days before fully grown.D. They are planted typically in winter.9. What does the underlined word “misconstrues“mean in paragraph 4?A. Misinterprets.B. Transforms.C. Mistrusts.D. Highlights.10. Why does the author mention the failures in gardening?A. To warn readers not to take up gardening easily.B. To advise readers to work in harmony with nature.C. To make readers reflect on the methods of gardening.D. To help readers have a whole picture of gardening.11. What is the author’s opinion on gardening?A. It’s a difficult and time-consuming process.B. Products of gardening make it worthwhile.C. The time and efforts invested make it a delight.D. It reduces the cost of purchasing vegetables.Everyone knows what makes a good story. Our hero starts their journey as a flawed being. In scene after scene, they face challenges that push them down new paths. By the end of the talc, they overcome setbacks and become a better person in the process.We love these plots in the novels we read but the principles of a good story offer much more than entertainment. Recent research shows that the narratives we tell ourselves about our lives can powerfully help us recover from stress.People who generate tales of struggling and turning over a new leaf from their own lives appear to have much better mental health. Professor Dan McAdams put forward this idea and discovered that whether someone can describe havinghad some control over events in their past is animportant predictor of mental health. Another key theme involved is finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events.McAdams invited 14 and 15-year-olds to join in an experiment to write about their experiences of failure and success. Half of them were then given extra instructions to describe the ways they had made their success a reality and how the failure had changed them for the better. Eight weeks later, members of this group reported greater persistence and better grades in their schoolwork.Exciting as these results are, some experts sound a few notes of caution. They worry that, hearing about the powerof self-narratives, many people may feel they have to find a positive turning point in life. If they can’t, they could endup feeling guilty about having somehow “failed”.Clearly, self-narratives aren’t the panacea. Nevertheless, if you hope for self-improvement, you can use the findings to good effect. By recognizing ourselves as the hero at the center of our own struggles, we can all become the author of ourown destiny and change ourselves for the better.12. What does the research focus on?A. The causes of stress.B. The principles of narrative.C. The connection between struggle and well-being.D. The link between mental health and self-narratives.13. Why is the experiment mentioned in paragraph 3?A. To give proof.B. To make predictions.C To draw a conclusion.D. To make comparisons.14. What does the underlined word “panacea”in the last paragraph refer to?A. Attempt to get rid of worries.B. Means of recognizing yourself.C. Solution to adolescent problems.D. Guarantee to become better people.15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Embrace Life StrugglesB. Be Your Own HeroC. Ways to Make a Good StoryD. The Power of Self-improvementA six-year-old longing to keep a unicorn in her backyard figured she’d get the hard part out of the way first.Last November, Madeline wrote a letter to the Los Angeles County Department of Animal Care and Control with a straightforward request. “Dear LA County, I would like your approval if I can have a unicorn in my backyard if I can find one. Please send me a letter in response.”Director Mayeda replied two weeks later. The department does in fact license unicorns, she said, under certain conditions.Those include polishing the unicorn’s horn at least once a month with a soft cloth, feeding it watermelon at least once a week, covering it with only nontoxic and biodegradable sparkles and giving it regular access to sunlight, moonbeams and rainbows. And, because unicorns are indeed very rare to find, the department is also giving Madeline a toy unicorn to keep her company during her search, as a token of appreciation.“It is always rewarding to hear from young people who thoughtfully consider the requirements of providing a loving home for animals,”Mayeda wrote in the letter. “I like your sense of responsible pet ownership to seek permission in advance to keep a unicorn in Los Angeles County.”Mayeda told the Washington Post that this is the first time the department has received a request for a license for a unicorn or any mythical creature. They were impressed with thefirst-grader for wanting to ask permission in the first place, and doing her research to work out how to go about that. She and her colleagues deal with a lot of “life-and-death”issues on the job, whether that’s seeing cases of animal abuse or animals hurting people or making decisions about having to put down dangerous or sick animals. So Madeline’s letter has considerablybrightened their spirits, and she is due to visit the department this week to discuss her unicorn license application. Safe to say, she’s in for a magical surprise.4 Why did Madeline write the letter?A. To apply to visit a unicorn.B. To learn to provide animal care.C. To ask permission to keep a pet.D. To figure out how to find a unicorn.5. What can we learn from paragraph 3?A. Her application was disapproved.B. Requirements should be met for the license.C She was presented with a live unicorn.D. Guidance was given for her search.6. Which of the following best describes Mayeda?A. Imaginative.B. Sensitive.C. Flexible.D. Convincing.7. Why does the department think the letter “has brightened their spirits”?A. Because it is the first application letter for a pet.B. Because animal protection is a life-and-death issue.C. Because they are worn out with their daily work.D. Because they are touched with the girl’s deeds.。
视听阅读第二册 Unit 7 Extreme Skydiving
• Bungee Jumping
Bungee jumping is an outdoor recreational activity. People stant by 40 meters above the height of standing position,living with a rubber jump rope .Bounce down again, repeated several times until the elastic gone. The world's highest bungee jumping point is located at the American Royal Gorge Bridge(皇 家峡谷悬索桥 ) bungee jumping, 321 meters
Today’s story:
ExtremeSkyd源自ving 跳伞运动Skydiving , also known as parachuting, is the activity of jumping from an aircraft and falling through the sky before opening a parachute.
Surfing, first observed in Australia, is a surface water sport in which a person rides a board on the crest of a wave as it carries the surfer towards the shore.
Speed
Peregrine Falcon
• Also known as the Peregrine.
• has a body length of 34 to 58 cm and a wingspan of around 80 to 120 cm , and the female is much bigger than the male. • It can reach speeds over 320 km/h (200 mph) in a stoop, making it one of the fastest creatures on the planet.
普林斯顿样题2.听力原文
Part A1.W: Do you know anyone who can translate this document?M: What about the new secretary? I heard he’s bilingual.2.W: Did you hear the weather report for today?M: The pollution’s going to be so bad they recommend staying indoors.3.W: Don’t you think Bob should go into engineering –I mean, he’s so good inmath.M: He’ll have to decide that for himself.4.W: I’ll be ready in a few minutes. I have to finish up this letter.M: OK, I’ll go down to the lobby for a paper.5.W: Did you see this article on the exhibit of eighteenth-century prints that openedtoday?M: Y es, and I’ve already bought a ticket to see it next month.6.M: I’d like to apply for the part-time job.W: Fine. Just fill out this form. Someone will be with you in a moment.7.W: It’s ten o’clock. Is that too late for us to call Professor Brown about the studentcouncil meeting?M: Let’s hold off till tomorrow.8.W: Did you get a study manual for your driver’s test?M: I had Dan pick one up for me.9.W: Every time I come to the gym, you’re here exercising.M: I try to work out whenever I have a chance.10.W: Would you have some free time to look at this proposal for me?M: I’m kind of busy now. How does late this afternoon sound?11.M1: I was going to take organic chemistry next semester – but now it’s been cut.M2: I heard the university’s going to double the tuition, too.12.M: Could I get a ride with you to the concert tonight?W: I can’t go, but you might ask Betty. I think she’s leaving around 7:30.13.W: Y ou’ve been living off campus this year, haven’t you?M: Y es, and I’m going to next year too –it’s so much nicer than living in the dormitory.14.M: Y ou ought to see a doctor about the cough.W: I guess I should. I’ve been putting it off for days.15.W: What do you want to do tonight?M: There’s supposed to be a good documentary on channel eight.16.W: I’ve finally decided about my history paper: I’m going to focus on the CivilWar.M: That’s so broad – do you think it’ll be approved?17.W: Sorry you had to miss the seminar; how’re you doing now?M: I took it easy last week – it’s amazing what a little rest can do.18.W: Is the snack bar always this deserted?M: It’s the end of the semester. Everyone’s in the library studying.19.W: Are you going to play tennis with us today?M: I promised Bill I’d go hiking with him – and I’m really looking forward to it.20.M: Joe’s not planning to go the California again this summer.W: But with his new schedule, he could.21.W: If Professor Thomson was willing to give us a three-day extension to finish theproject, maybe she’ll give us a few more days.M: Let’s not push our luck贪心；得寸进尺, okay?22.W: Do you know what’s wrong with Mark? He’s been acting very strangely lately.M: Come on, with his parents coming to visit next week – right after he’s moved into a new apartment – he’s just got a lot on his mind.23.W: Y ou look cold and tired. Could I buy you a hot cup of tea?M: Oh, that would be just what the doctor ordered.24.M: There were only twenty students at last night’s meeting, so nothing could bevoted on.W: That’s too bad. They’ll have to turn out in greater numbers if they want a voice 发言权in campus issues.25.W: Have we received responses from everybody we invited?M: Only Tina can’t come.26.W: I hope the view from the balcony包厢；戏院楼厅is good.M: No problem – you can see the actors no matter where you’re sitting.27.W: Could you use a hand with those suitcases?M: If you wouldn’t mind.28.W: Y ou’re redecorating your apartment, aren’t you? How’s it coming along?M: I’m just taking it one step at a time.29.W: We’re supposed to pick up the tickets to sell this afternoon.M: Oh, so they have been printed.30.W: Were you able to reach Lucy at home?M: I couldn’t get to a phone.Part B31-34 A telephone call to a professorM: Math Department. Dr. Webster speaking.W: Hello, Professor Webster. This is Janet Hill calling. I live two doors down from your teaching assistant, Don Williams. Don asked me to call you because he’s lost his voice and can’t talk to you himself.M: Lost his voice? That’s too bad. Is there anything I can do for him?W: Well, he has a class this afternoon from two-thirty to four, and he won’t be able to make it. But he doesn’t want to cancel it either.M: Does he want me to try to find somebody else to teach it?W: No, not exactly. What he wants to do is get someone to go in (enter a house or room) for him – just to pass back the midterm exams. He’s already marked them and they are on the desk in his office: the whole thing wouldn’t take more than…ehh, ten minutes or so.M: Two-thirty, you say? Well, I’m free then, and I was going to be on campus anyway, so I could do it for him. Where’s his class?W: Carter Hall, room two-fourteen. Will you need his office key to get the exams? Icould bring it to you.M: Well, actually, that won’t be necessary. We have a master key万能钥匙in the Math Department. So I can get into his office.W: Thank you, Professor Webster.M: My pleasure.W: Don doesn’t have another class to teach until Thursday, and hopefully he’ll be able to talk by then,. He’ll call you as soon as he can. Oh, and…uh…I almost forgot…M: Y es?W: Could you put the next assignment on the board too? They should solve the equations at the end of chapter eight, and that’s due at the next class.M: Okay. No trouble at all. Thanks for the news about Don, and tell him not to worry about this.31.What is Don’s problem?32.What favor does Don want someone to do for him?33.What does Janet offer to do?34.What does Janet almost forget to ask Professor Webster to do?35-38 An experiment in a science classM: Have you done the lab for physiology生理学yet – the one on taste?W: Y eah, it was kind of fun – mapping the taste buds. Didn’t you think so?M: I’m doing it this afternoon. How long will it take?W: It went pretty quickly –under an hour, anyway. See, first you mix up the four solutions.M: Y ou take water and add either sugar, lemon juice, salt, or… uh… What was it? W: Bitter quinine奎宁.M: That’s it…uh … then what?W: Then all you have to do is taste each sample and describe where each flavor seems most intense.M: Is that hard?W: Not really. One thing to remember though – not all the taste buds [解剖] 味蕾are on the tongue.M: Right. I’ll keep that in mind. And thanks for going over this with me. Maybe we could talk about this after I’ve tried it – we could get a pizza or something.W: Great. Give me a call.35.What is the main purpose of the lab experiment?36.About how long does it take to do the experiment?37.What does the woman remind the man about?38.How does the man close the conversation?Part C39-42 “Science Watch”, a daily radio programW: Word comes from California of a new weapon in the war on household pests. Two scientists working for a firm in Anaheim, California, have developed a method toeliminate insects without using dangerous chemicals. The new poison? Hot air.The basic idea is that insects cannot adjust to temperatures much above normal. In laboratory experiments, cockroaches蟑螂and termites白蚁can’t survive much more than a quarter of an hour at 125 degrees F, or about 50 degrees centigrade.The new method involves covering a house with a huge tent and filling it with air heated to around 65 degrees centigrade. Hot air is forced in with fans, and the tent keeps the heat inside the house. Since termites try to escape by hiding in wooden beams, the heat treatment must be continued for a full six hours. But when it’s all over, and the insects are dead, there are no toxic有毒的residues to endanger humans or pets and no funny smells. Scientists claim that there is no danger of fire, either, since very few household materials will burn at 65 degrees centigrade. In fact, wood is prepared for construction use by drying it in ovens at 80 degrees centigrade, which is substantially hotter than the air used in this procedure.39.What is the talk mainly about?40.According to the speaker, what makes the new system better than othertreatments?41.Why are the houses covered with tents?42.Why does the speaker mention that construction wood is dried by heat?43-46 A talk in the freshman English courseW: I’m sure you realize that your research papers are due in six weeks. I’ve looked at your proposed topics and made comments about them. The most frequent problem was proposing too broad a topic – remember, this is only a fifteen-page paper. As I return your topic papers, I’d like to look over the schedule which sketches out what we’ll do during the next two weeks. Today is Monday, by Friday, I want your preliminary outline. Please be sure to incorporate the suggestions I’ve made on your topics and your outlines. Next week I’ll have a conference with each of you. I’ve posted a schedule on my office door –sign your name to indicate the time you’re available for an appointment. In the conference, we’ll discuss your preliminary outline. Then you can make the necessary revisions and hand in your final outline, which is due two weeks from today.Use the outline style in your textbook and remember it should be no more than two pages long. Be sure to begin with a thesis statement中心句–that is with a precise statement of the point you intend to prove and include a conclusion. Have you got all that? Y our two-page preliminary outlines are due at the end of this week and the final outlines are due after your conferences. Follow the text book style and include a thesis statement and a conclusion.43.What does the speaker mainly discuss?44.When will conferences be held?45.What is the purpose of the conference?46.According to the speaker, how should the outline begin?47-50 A talk by a tour guide at a museumM: Before we begin our tour, I’d like to give you some background information onthe painter Grant Wood – we’ll be seeing much of his work today. Wood was born in 1881 in Iowa farm country, and became interested in art very early in life.Although he studied art in both Minneapolis and at the Art Institute of Chicago, the strongest influences on his art were European. He spent time in both Germany and France and his study there helped shape his own stylized form of realism.When he returned to Iowa, Wood applied the stylistic realism he had learned in Europe to the rural life he saw around him and that he remembered from his childhood around the turn of the century. His portraits of farm families imitate the static formalism of photographs of early settlers posed in front of their homes. 他的关于农村家庭的肖像画模仿了早期的定居者在他们家门口所拍摄的照片的静态形式His paintings of farmers at work, and of their tools and animals, demonstrate a serious respect for the life of the Midwestern United States. By the 1930’s, Wood was a leading figure of the school of art called “American regionalism”.地方主义In an effort to sustain a strong Midwestern artistic movement, Wood established an institute of Midwestern art in his home state. Although the institute failed, the paintings you are about to see preserve Wood’s vision of pioneer farmers.47.What is the main purpose of the talk?48.What had in important effect on Wood’s early art?49.What would be most likely to appear in a painting by Wood?50.According to the speaker, how did Wood try to encourage Midwestern art?。
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【听力文摘】球型屋顶的奥妙
2011-05-11 来源:
Buckminster Fuller and His Geodesic Dome
巴克敏斯特·福乐和他的球型屋顶
Ever heard of a man named Buckminster Fuller, or Bucky, as his friends called him? R. Buckminster Fuller was a twentieth century scientist, philosopher, inventor, and was also named a great architect.
Part of what made Bucky so special was his concern for the planet and humanity. When you have a shortage of resources, he said, you get war. Thus, he developed an idea called Comprehensive Anticipatory Desig n Science. It’s a mouthful, but what it entails is his belief that to solve humanity’s major problems, we have to look forward to the future; we have to anticipate what will become problems as resources diminish, etc.
His goal? Quote: “More and more life s upport for everybody, with less and less resources.” He was especially
interested in developing more efficient housing; that is, a new way of constructing buildings so that they provide more housing space with the use of fewer resources. One solution he ca me up with in the late 1940′s is the geodesic dome, the invention he is most famous for.
The geodesic dome is a structure shaped like a piece of a sphere. It’s made up of a complex network of triangles, and the more complex this network the closer the comes to the shape of a true sphere. What’s so great about
the dome is that it does exactly what Bucky wanted; that is, it has the highest ratio of enclosed area to external surface. In other words, it uses fewer materials to create more housing space.
听说过一个叫巴克敏斯特·福乐的人吗？朋友们常叫他巴基。
巴克敏斯特·福乐是二十世纪的科学家，哲学家，发明家，同时他也是一名伟大的建筑师。
他如此特别的部分原因是他很关心地球和人类。
他说当缺乏资源时，就会发生战争。
所以，他开创了一种观念，叫作“全面预期设计科学”。
这个名字有点拗口，但它需要巴基的信念来解决人类主要问题。
我们必须展望未来；我们必须预期会出现的问题，比如资源减少等等。
他是目标？引用一句话：用最少的资源维持更多人的生活。
他对开发更高效的住房特别有兴趣；那是一种建造房屋的新的方式，用更少的资源提供更多的住房空间。
上世纪40年代末，巴基提出了一个解决方法，即球型屋顶，这也是他最著名的发明。
球型屋顶是一个形状像球体的结构。
它由一个复杂的网状三角形构成。
网状结构越复杂，建筑物的形状就越接近于真实的球体。
圆屋顶额伟大之处在于它封闭区到外部表面的比例最高，那正是巴基想要的效果。
换句话说，就是用更少的材料建造更多住房空间。