PARAMETRIC STUDY OF CRASHWORTHY BULKHEAD DESIGNS

合集下载

混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀机理及影响因素

水胶比影响水泥浆体的致密程度 ,水胶比越低 , 水泥浆体越致密 ,渗透性越低。文献 [ 11 ]表明水灰比
小于 0. 45、C3 S含量低于 8%的混凝土是相对安全的。文献 [ 12 ]认为 ,在硫酸钠环境下 ,水胶比低 ,有利于抗侵蚀。如水灰比 0. 5 和 0. 35, 浸泡时间为一年 ,强度减少分别为 39%和 26%。但在硫酸镁环境下 ,水胶比低 ,似乎加重了硫酸盐侵蚀 ,如水灰比 0. 5和 0. 35,强度减少分别为 62%和 81%。对于掺有活性掺合料的水泥也得到类似的结果。 2. 2 外部因素 2. 2. 1 硫酸根离子浓度
钙矾石的生成被认为是体积增加了 2. 5 倍 ,导致膨胀应力的产生 ,而使混凝土开裂破坏 ,混凝土的开裂又使硫酸根离子更容易渗透到混凝土内部 ,产生恶性循环。但对钙矾石的膨胀机理至今仍未清楚 ,有人认为钙矾石的结晶压力导致了膨胀压力 ;也有人认为是由于结晶差的钙矾石在碱性环境下吸水膨胀导致了膨胀压力 [ 5 ] 。钙矾石生成的速度与铝酸根的来源有很大的关系 ,在很多情况下 ,钙矾石形成的速度由含铝相的溶解速度所决定 [ 6 ] 。钙矾石形成的量与膨胀之间的关系还没有得到一个很好的相关性 [ 4 ] 。 1. 4 C2S2H 和碳硫硅钙石 (CaSiO3 ·CaSO4 ·CaSO3 ·15H2 O )
硬化混凝土在硫酸盐溶液中石膏的形成可由化学方程式 ( 1)和 ( 2)表示。有观点认为石膏的形成引起膨胀 ,体积变为原来的 1. 2倍 ,使混凝土受到膨胀压力的作用。为研究石膏的形成是否产生膨胀 , 必须排除钙矾石的影响。B ingTian[ 1 ]用 5%硫酸盐溶液浸泡 C3 S表明 ,浸泡有 4周的潜伏期 ,潜伏期一过 , C3 S便以较大的速率膨胀 ,浸泡至 230 天 ,膨胀达到 1. 05%。M anusanthanam[ 2 ]的试验结果同样表明 ,在 4. 44%硫酸钠中浸泡 C3 S存在潜伏期 , 32 周前膨胀很小 , 32周后开始膨胀 ,浸泡至 41周膨胀为 0. 22%。也有观点认为石膏的形成并不引起膨胀 , Hansen[ 3 ]认为氢氧化钙和硫酸根离子由通过 - 溶液机理在毛细孔中形成固态石膏 ,不可能占有比孔隙体积和溶解并参加反应的固态氢氧化钙体积之和更大的体积 , M ather[ 1 ] 支持 Hansen 的观点 ,他认为石膏是硫酸根离子和钙离子由通过 - 溶液机理生成。普遍都认为石膏的形成导致混凝土刚度、强度的降

浅析运输类飞机经济舱头排旅客座椅头部损伤判据的影响因素

0摇引言
早在第一次世界大战时的某些航空事件中,就发现了飞行员头部损伤是飞机坠机致命事件中的主要因素之一。据统计,仅美国 2005 年通用类和运输类飞机就发生了 3 448 起事故,其中 655 起为死亡事故,共造成 1 150 人死亡,这些死亡几乎百分百和头部损伤有关。由于飞机座舱内难免会有些物体处于乘员的头部冲击运动轨迹范围内,这样坠机时机上乘员就容易因头部受到撞击而丧命。
与 HIC 密切相关的经济舱头排旅客座椅安装设计参数,也就是座椅头排距,其测量方法如图 4 所示。
82 2014 No. 3蛐( 季刊) 总第 114 期
经验介绍
Experience Introduction
图 3摇座椅试验件( 单位:in)
图 6摇仿真试验假人撞击壁面示意图
图 4摇经济舱旅客座椅头排距的测量方法
dex) ,即用头部撞击总加速度 2. 5 幂次方对时间的
积分,规定的损伤标准是积分的结果不超过 1 000。
Versace 后来认为总加速度应该定义成有效加速度,
这就是众所周知的 HIC 计算公式。
{ } HIC =
(
t2
-t1
)
éëêê
t2
1 -t1
乙
t2 t1
a(
t)
dt ùûúú
2.
5
MAX
2014 No. 3蛐( 季刊) 总第 114 期 81
民用飞机设计与研究
Civil Aircraft Design & Research
在新研的飞机上贯彻该要求,但对修正案生效之前已经取得 TC 的飞机追溯推迟到 2009 年。
1摇头部损伤判据
1960 年,为了评估交通事故中撞击钝物引起的

外文翻译---应用心脏爬行机器人的注射热敏感的反重塑剂治疗心肌梗塞

每3年一次的第三十二年度国际会议布宜诺斯艾利斯，阿根廷，8月31日-2010年9月4日应用心脏爬行机器人的注射热敏感的反重塑剂治疗心肌梗塞摘要：注塑机械膨化剂进入左心室（左室）心壁,进而作为一种治疗后心肌梗死（MI）舒解重塑心肌的药剂.后心肌（米）心脏的机器人履带的本身作为微创、高度精确的心外膜注射的理想工具。

最优膨松剂开发，我们集团使用的热固性水凝胶带来了若干工程的障碍，包括系统冷却小型化的注射时，机器人在温暖的环境生活病人的导航。

我们在这篇文档演示的集成的微型冷却和喷射系统在现时 HeartLander 爬行机器人，是完全生物相容性和有能力的热固性水凝胶注入密集的动物组织的多个，而整个系统沉浸在 37 ℃水浴中。

一引言注射的局部加劲进入左心室（LV）心肌墙材料的提出作为防止舒解 LV 改造由于心肌梗死（MI）开发的墙高应力的新型疗法。

我们以前使用过基于共聚 N-异(NIPAAm)、丙烯酸(AAc) 和羟乙基将（HEMAPTMC）甲基丙烯酸甲酯-poly(trimethylene carbonate) MI 的小鼠模型的可生物降解，热致感应水凝胶。

注射后的液体进入温暖的组织，它经过重组成为半刚性凝胶，进而提供机械大容量注入心肌，有助于预防拖延重构的削弱脑梗死区 [1] 中的区域。

在人类的临床应用中，微创交付系统本质上是可取的。

微创心脏外科 (中等收入国家）技术的发展的主要目的已改善手术后恢复时间和减少固有的开放的方式，比如，疼痛、感染、手术并发症和切口裂开的体会。

剑突下的方法，就是这样一个技术，利用一个小腹部切口，利用小的腹部切口，是一种显示出较大的希望，因为它完全，避免了开胸手术，能抽出人类患者常规气管内麻醉与肺通缩的技术。

不幸的是，正如我们以前有图猪模型中所示，通过该途径由于使用刚性传统的外科仪器仪表和直接的可视化的心包空间的方法会与重大 hemodynamiccompromise 和致命性心律失常 [2] 的风险相关，由于在此方法中涉及解决风险的方案，我们建议利用 HeartLander 爬行机器人系统提供此水凝胶心外膜注射。

迎浪船舶参数横摇的理论研究

基于以上考虑，本文的研究旨在提出可以正确描述船舶此类非线性运动的数值模型，并在正确模拟船舶参数横摇的行为的基础上，理解参数横摇的形成机理，分析参数横摇的发生过程，研究参数横摇的作用因素，最终编制可应用于参数横摇模拟计算和分析的整套程序，为参数横摇问题在工程上的研究应用提供方便友好的平台。
1.2 参数横摇研究进展
long-crest waves，wave group
VII
上海交通大学硕士学位论文
上海交通大学学位论文原创性声明
本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。
4
上海交通大学硕士学位论文
时也导致了船舶在波浪上的稳性特征值的变化。其中，船舶横摇恢复力矩作为保证船舶安全的最为重要的参数受此变化影响最为严重。传统理论对船舶各个运动模态的数值估计和预报是在船舶线性运动理论框架下进行的，适应于微幅运动，对于船舶发生大幅度运动时所呈现强烈的非线性运动无法适用。参数横摇的存在揭示了船舶海上客货安全和航行效率上存在的危险隐患.其影响强度是船舶频域幅值理念下安全预报的盲区，因此正确预报船舶参数横摇的发生范围和危险程度势在必行。 1.1.2 研究目的
手段保存和汇编本学位论文。
保密□，在本学位论文属于
不保密□。
年解密后适用本授权书。
（请在以上方框内打“√”）
学位论文作者签名：常永全
日期：年月日
指导教师签名：缪国平
日期：年月
IV
上海交通大学硕士学位论文

The Aesthetic Omission of Reduplicated Words in the Translation of Romance of the Western Bower

The Aesthetic Omission and Compensation ofReduplicated Words in the Translation ofRomance of the Western Bower外国语学院 2007级英语翻译[Abstract] The translations of Romance of the Western Bower have significant meanings for the study of translation aesthetics and reduplicated words. The author researched from the perspective of translation aesthetics, and found that as a result of cultural differences and linguistic gap, the Chinese aesthetic implications in classical poetry have been omitted. T hus the core spirits and aesthetic feelings can’t effectively be conveyed to the English-speaking readers. In the studies reported here, the author first gives a general introduction to the translated versions, discusses the classification and functions of duplicated words in Chinese Classical Poetry and present achievement in translation aesthetics. On the basis of Xu Yuanchong’s theories of translation aesthetics, the author puts forward some methods of compensation which can in different extents make up for the omission of the original images, form, and musical beauty, etc. The author tries to find out the standard of a good translation in the sense of translation aesthetics.[Key Words] aesthetic omission; translation aesthetics; reduplicated words; romance of the western bower1.Introduction1. General introduction to English versions of Romance of the Western BowerWith its popularity home and abroad, Romance of the Western Bower (Xixiangji) has been talked and translated for decades. 1935 witnessed its first publication abroad. S. I. Hsiung (first Chinese to write and direct a West End play, author of Lady Precious Stream) translated it as The Romance of the Western Chamber. (Hsiung, Shih-i, 1971:1) Its second version named West Chamber: A Medieval Drama was by Henry H. Hart and published by Stanford University Press in 1936. The third version Romance of the Western Chamber was translated by T.C. Lai and Ed Gamarekian, prefaced by Lin Yutang in 1973. Its fourth edition was by by Tung Chieh-yuan in 1976, named The Romance of the Western Chamber. The fifth Edition was by US sinologist Stephen H. West and Ducth sinologist Wilt L. Idema in 1991, which was titled The Moon and theZither: The Story of the Western Wing. In 2003, Xu Yuanchong, a Professor of Peking University and translator completed a full version named Romance of the Western Bower (Wang Peirong, 2009:30).2.Reduplicated words in Romance of the Western BowerIn Wang Shifu’s Western Bower, there are five parts and twenty acts in all, 158 examples of reduplicated words (excluding names and titles), including sixty AA forms, which is less than a half of the total, and 75 AAB forms, about a half of the total. The use of AAB is more flexible, plain and natural. Due to these characters of AAB form, the literature work reads natural and conversational (Ren, Quan, 1991: 50).3. A brief introduction to translation aestheticsThe appreciation of poetry requires aesthetic views; therefore, the translation of poetry requires ability of aesthetic creativity. Any translator who wishes to handle the difficult work of poetry should learn some translation aesthetics.According to Mao, Ronggui, translation aesthetics is a study of aesthetic objects (the original text and the translation), aesthetic subjects (the translators and the readers), aesthetic process, aesthetic judgement, aesthetic appreciation, aesthetic criteria and creative equivalence, etc (Mao, Ronggui, 2005: 19).In China, translation aesthetics have always been active. Mao Dun was the first one who came up with the idea of “Shenyun”(神韵), which means the translation should reserve the spirit. Guo Moruo put forward “Fengyun”(风韵), enriching translation aesthetic theories. In fact, Shenyun and Fengyun is one thing (Liu Miqing, 1995: 198). Xu Yuanchong, a voluminous modern Chinese translator, created his principle of three beauties--Beauty in Sense, Sound and Style.2. Aesthetic omission in reduplicated words translation2.1Classification of Chinese reduplicated wordsAccording to Si,Xianzhu (2006: 55)reduplicated words can be classified by their forms as follows:AA：月色溶溶夜，花阴寂寂春。

Hendrich跌倒风险评估量表对成年住院患者跌倒风险预测效度的Meta分析

.专科研究•Hendrich跌倒风险评估量表对成年住院患者跌倒风险预测效度的Meta分析*唐文，马梦宁，刘宇，刘佳琳，吕思漫，冯晓玉，倪翠萍(中国医科大学护理学院，辽宁沈阳,110122)［摘要］目的通过对诊断性研究进行Meta分析，评价Hendrich跌倒风险评估量表(Hendrich fall risk model,HFRM)预测住院患者跌倒风险的有效性。

方法系统检索中英文数据库(包括中国知网.PubMed.Web Of Science等10个数据库)，选择使用HFRM评估住院患者跌倒风险的诊断性研究。

由两名研究者共同检筛符合纳入与排除标准的文献，并进行资料提取，利用诊断性研究质量评价工具对纳入的文献进行质量评价。

使用Review Man5.3和Meta Disc1.4软件进行Meta分析。

结果最终纳入13篇文献，共238455例患者。

纳入的文献间存在阈值效应(r=0.775,P=0.002)o进行Meta回归，将文献按地区分为发展中国家组和发达国家组，发展中国家组的合并灵敏度、特异度、阳性似然比、阴性似然比、诊断比值比、AUC值、Q指数分别为0.73(95%C&0.66~0.79)、0.81(95%C/=0.80~0.83)、3.19(95%C&2.15~4.72)、0.34(95%C& 0.21-0.54).10.45(7.03~15.50)、0.83、0.77；发达国家组拟合SROC曲线，合并AUC值为0.716.Q指数为0.666o结论HFRM对于成年住院患者跌倒风险的评估具有较高的准确性。

［关键词］Hendrich跌倒风险评估量表；跌倒；成年住院患者；预测效度；Me塢分析［中图分类号］R47［文献标识码］A［文章编号］1671-8283(2021)*0044-08［DOI］10.3969/j.issn.1671-8283.2021.04.008 Predictive validity of Hendrich fall risk model for adult inpatients in risk of falling:a meta-analysis Tang Wen,Ma Mengning,Liu Yu,Liu Jialin,Lv Siman,Feng Xiaoyu,Ni Cuiping//Modem Clinical Nursing,-2021,20(4):44.(School of Nursing,China Medical University,Shenyang,110012,China)[Abstract]Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the Hendrich Fall Risk Model(HFRM)by diagnostic accuracy study of meta-analysis,in predicting the risk of falling of inpatients.Methods Ten English and Chinese databases were systematically searched including CNKI,PubMed,Web Of Science,etc..Hendrich Fall Risk Model for assessment of the risk of falling among inpatients were selected in the study.The data were extracted from the acquired literatures by two researchers following the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies-2(QUADAS-2)was applied to evaluate the quality of the included literatures.Review Man5.3and Meta Disc1.4software were used for meta-analysis.Results A total of13literatures were included, involving238,455patients.The threshold effect among the included literatures was r=0.745(P=0.013).The literatures were divided into a group of developing-country and a group of developed-country according to the results of meta-regression analysis.Of the group of developing-country,the pooled sensitivity,specificity,positive likelihood ratio,negative likelihood ratio,AUC value and Q index were 0.73(95%C/=0.66-0.79),0.81(95%CZ=0.80-0.83),3.19(95%CZ=2.15-4.72),0.34(95%CZ=0.21-0.54),10.45(7.03-15.50)0.83 and0.77,respectively.Of the group of developed-country,the AUC value and Q index were0.716and0.666,respectively.Conclusion［基金项目］*本课题为中国医科大学社科项目，项目编号为XRW20160001；中国医科大学护理学院基金项目，项目编号为2019HL-19o［收稿日期］2020-10-07［作者简介］唐文(1995-),女，四川江油人，硕士在读，主要从事老年护理、社区护理工作。

青少年自我伤害行为影响因素与情绪管理对策-社会心理学论文-社会学论文

青少年自我伤害行为影响因素与情绪管理对策-社会心理学论文-社会学论文——文章均为WORD文档，下载后可直接编辑使用亦可打印——心理学情绪管理论文第五篇：青少年自我伤害行为影响因素与情绪管理对策摘要：自我伤害行为是应对负性情绪的常用策略, 普遍存在于冲动型、情绪管理薄弱的青少年群体中, 严重影响其身心健康和发展, 是重要的疾病负担之一, 应引起广大学者和学校卫生工作者的关注和重视。

作者对自我伤害行为的概念和界定、流行病学和危害、影响因素进行了文献研究和分析, 并提出以培养青少年情绪管理能力为重点的预防和干预策略。

关键词：情绪; 自我伤害行为; 精神卫生; 青少年;Emotional regulation and self-injury behavior among adolescentsTANG JieDepartment of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical UniversityAbstract：Self-injury behavior, a common strategy for coping with negative emotions, is widespread among adolescents with impulsive and emotional dysregulation. Self-injury behavior severely impacts an adolescents mental and physical well-being, and has become one of the important disease burdens, which deserves much attention from both scholars and school health care providers. Based on literature review, the definition, epidemiology and influencing factors of self-injury,as well as proposed prevention and intervention strategies for self-injury focusing on emotional regulation, were provided.自我伤害行为(self-harm behavior, SB) 是一个宽泛的概念, 其核心内涵指个体故意伤害自己的身体组织。

新旧济贫法

１９世纪英国的济贫院制度初探作者：郭家宏唐艳内容提要从１７世纪开始，济贫院在英国逐步发展起来；１８３４年后，院内救济成为新济贫法体系的核心。

济贫法委员会希望通过济贫院的威慑作用，促使贫民自力更生，减少济贫开支。

济贫院遵循“劣等处置”和“济贫院检验”两个原则，院内的生活比较悲惨，被大众冠以穷人的“巴士底狱”，到１９世纪７０年代后才逐步得到改善。

济贫院制度在英国社会保障制度和福利国家形成过程中起到不可忽视的作用。

关键词济贫院新济贫法社会保障济贫院是为穷人提供工作和弱者提供生计的机构，它起源于济贫法。

{1}１６０１年济贫法将救济穷人的责任分配给各教区，后来教区建立济贫院。

１８３４年《济贫法修正案》使院内救济成为整个英国济贫法的标准制度，也成为新济贫法体系的核心。

在新济贫法下，对有劳动能力者的户外救济遭到禁止，所有想得到救济的人必须生活在济贫院里。

济贫院遵守“劣等处置”和“济贫院检验”两大原则，目的是使穷人更倾向于在院外自立生活。

它试图成为救济穷人的唯一方式，但未能成功。

１９世纪末期，济贫院内的条件得到了改善。

２０世纪上半叶，社会福利政策和社会保障制度逐步取代了济贫院制度。

近年来，对西方国家社会保障制度发展与演变的研究逐渐受到我国学术界的重视，并取得了一定的成果。

对于英国济贫院制度的研究，目前国内尚无专门的成果。

在英国学者中，涉及１９世纪的通史性著作中几乎都对济贫院进行了描述，关于济贫院问题也有一些专著和大量论文问世。

另外还有一些关于济贫院的文学性著作，如狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》、约翰·阿尔丁的剧本《济贫院蠢驴》（ＴｈｅWｏｒｋｈｏｕｓｅDｏｎｋｅｙ）。

本文拟对济贫院的起源发展、济贫院内的生活和管理进行简要介绍，并试对济贫院进行评价。

济贫院的起源与发展济贫院在英国历史上存在了较长时期，根据其发展的特点，大致经历了三个阶段。

（１）１７世纪初期到１８３４年新济贫法颁布这一时期，济贫院多倾向于救济穷人，而不是惩戒懒惰，统治者也仅把它作为一种权宜之计。

缺血性脑卒中动物模型研究进展

变ꎮ 同时脑卒中的情况又十分复杂ꎬ脑缺血时间及
立了多种成熟的模型ꎬ体内模型包括线栓模型、开颅
电凝模型、光化学栓塞模型等ꎬ体外模型包括氧糖剥
ＤＯＩ:１０３９６９ / ｊｉｓｓｎ１００６￣２０８４２０２０１０００２
基金项目:国家自然科学基金(８１５７１１４７)
通信作者:熊晓星ꎬＥｍａｉｌ:ｘｉａｏｘｉｎｇｘｉｏｎｇ＠ｗｈｕ. ｅｄｕ. ｃｎ
摘要:缺血性脑卒中是由大脑暂时性或永久性血管闭塞所引起的损伤ꎮ 梗死体积和神经系统功能缺失的严重
程度取决于多种因素ꎬ如有无侧支循环建立和足够的血压保持灌注ꎬ梗死的病因及部位ꎬ年龄、性别、遗传背景ꎬ是
否有并发症ꎬ是否经过药物治疗等ꎮ 因此ꎬ脑卒中是一种非常复杂的病变过程ꎬ建立脑卒中模型显得十分重要ꎬ通
缺血性脑卒中是指脑部的供血动脉( 颈动脉和
严重程度等对脑卒中的预后均会产生不同影响ꎮ 因
椎动脉) 狭窄或闭塞、脑供血不足ꎬ从而导致脑组织
此ꎬ建立动物或细胞模型ꎬ进而为脑卒中的治疗提供
缺血坏死的一类疾病ꎮ 我国的脑卒中发病率呈逐渐
可能非常重要ꎮ 一个好的脑卒中动物模型应当具
升高趋势ꎬ缺血性脑卒中在临床具有发生率高、死亡
１８８１
医学综述２０２０年５月第２６卷第１０期ＭｅｄｉｃａｌＲｅｃａｐｉｔｕｌａｔｅꎬＭａｙ２０２０ꎬＶｏｌ２６ꎬＮｏ１０
分子生物医学
缺血性脑卒中动物模型研究进展
王晋晨ꎬ熊晓星
( 武汉大学人民医院神经外科ꎬ武汉４３００６０)
中图分类号:Ｒ７４３. ３文献标识码:Ａ文章编号:１００６￣２０８４(２０２０)１０￣１８８１￣０７
过建立模型可以实现对单一影响因素的研究ꎮ 常用的模型有线栓模型、开颅电凝模型、内皮素￣１模型、光化学栓塞

乳液聚合胶束成核机理谁提出来的对应的英文文章

乳液聚合胶束成核机理谁提出来的对应的英文文章乳液聚合胶束成核机理是由法国物理学家Jean-Pierre Chapel提出的。

该理论在1971年由他在《Journal of Colloid and Interface Science》发表的一篇名为"Polymerization of Micelles: A Phenomenological Approach"的英文文章中详细阐述。

后附译文Introduction:Emulsion polymerization is a widely used technique for the synthesis of various polymers. The process involves the formation of polymer particles in a water-insoluble monomer phase dispersed in water through the use of surfactants and emulsifiers. The understanding of the nucleation mechanism in this process is crucial for optimizing the synthesis and controlling the particle size and morphology. In this regard, the groundbreaking work of Jean-Pierre Chapel on the mechanism of micelle nucleation in emulsion polymerization provides valuable insights and has been of significant interest to researchers.Brief Background:Emulsion polymerization involves the formation of micelles, which are colloidal aggregates of surfactant molecules, to stabilize the monomer droplets in water. These micelles act as the nucleation sites for the polymerization reaction. Jean-Pierre Chapel proposed a phenomenological approach to explain the micelle nucleation process in emulsion polymerization. His work focused on understandingthe role of surfactants and their interactions with the monomer molecules in the nucleation process.Chapel's Phenomenological Approach:Chapel's approach involved the use of classical thermodynamics to model the micelle nucleation mechanism in emulsion polymerization. He considered the system as a two-phase mixture of monomer droplets dispersed in water and the impact of surfactant molecules on the nucleation process. Chapel formulated his theory based on well-established thermodynamic principles and made a few key assumptions.Assumptions:1. The surfactant molecules are assumed to spontaneously adsorb at the monomer-water interface due to the hydrophobicity of the monomers.2. The adsorption of surfactant at the monomer-water interface leads to the formation of a monolayer around the monomer droplet, stabilizing it against coalescence.3. Polymerization occurs within the surfactant-stabilized monomer droplets.Theoretical Explanation:Chapel's phenomenological approach involved the use of classical nucleation theory and the Gibbs free energy change associated with micelle formation. He derived equations that describe the change in free energy due to the adsorption of surfactant molecules at the monomer-water interface, the deformation of the surfactant monolayer, and the formation of micelles. Chapel recognized that the monomer-water interfaceequilibrium must be considered in the calculations. His model allowed for the prediction of the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the rate of polymerization based on the thermodynamic parameters of the system.Significance of Chapel's Work:Chapel's model provided a deeper understanding of the nucleation process in emulsion polymerization. His approach allowed for the prediction and control of the CMC, which is a critical parameter in determining the stability of the emulsion and the particle size distribution. Chapel's work also highlighted the importance of surfactant properties, such as hydrophobicity and molecule structure, in the nucleation and stabilization processes. This knowledge has been invaluable for the design and synthesis of emulsion polymerization systems with desired properties.Further Research and Applications:Since Chapel's seminal work, researchers have built upon his model and expanded the understanding of emulsion polymerization mechanisms. The development of more efficient and versatile surfactants, advancements in experimental techniques, and computational modeling have further enhanced the understanding of the nucleation process. This knowledge has led to the development of new emulsion polymerization techniques and the synthesis of polymers with tailored properties for a wide range of applications, including coatings, adhesives, and biomaterials.Conclusion:Jean-Pierre Chapel's phenomenological approach to understanding the micelle nucleation mechanism in emulsion polymerization has provided valuable insights into the roleof surfactants in this process. His work has laid the foundation for further research in the field and has contributed significantly to the design and synthesis of polymer particles with controlled properties. The understanding of the nucleation mechanism is crucial for optimizing emulsion polymerization processes and enables the production of polymers for diverse applications.乳液聚合胶束成核机理是由法国物理学家Jean-Pierre Chapel提出的.该理论在1971年由他在《胶体和界面科学杂志》发表的一篇名为“胶束聚合：现象学方法”的英文文章中详细阐述。

济慈简介英文版

此地长眠者声名水上书此地长眠者声名水上书protestantcemetery新教徒公墓worksendymion恩底弥翁isabella伊莎贝拉theeveofstagnes圣爱格尼斯前夜lamia拉米亚hyperion赫珀里昂longpoemssonnetodeshortpoemsbrightstar灿烂的星whenihavefear每当我恐惧odetoautumn秋颂odeonmelancholy忧郁颂odeonagrecianurn希腊古翁颂odetoanightingale夜莺颂praiseofbeautyodetoanightingale夜莺颂?myheartachesandadrowsynumbnesspains?mysenseasthoughofhemlockihaddrunk?oremptiedsomedullopiatetothedrains?oneminutepastandlethewardshadsunk
Keats learned his poetical art mainly from the poets of the English Renaissance. His literary creation was a clean split with C18th classicism and began with the belief that the revolutionary principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity.
Short poems
Sonnet
Ode
Praise of beauty
Ode to a Nightingale（夜莺颂）
• My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains • My sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk, • Or emptied some dull opiate to the drains • One minute past, and Lethe-wards had sunk: • ‘Tis not through envy of thy happy lot, • But being too happy in thine happiness, -• That thou, light-winged Dryad of the trees, • In some melodious plot • Of beechen green, and shadows numberless, • Singest of summer in fullthroated ease.

飞机坠撞综述

12
研究内容
2、飞机结构坠撞仿真分析技术
通过结构坠撞试验来获取坠撞过程中结构中的各个关键部分的瞬态响应、破坏失效模式及其缓冲吸能能力，并在此基础上对飞机结构的整体耐撞性做出评估是检验飞机结构抗坠毁性能的最可靠手段。但存在着试验周期长，试验可靠性难以得到保障，试验经费高昂等缺点。利用仿真分析手段能够极大的缩短飞机结构耐撞性设计周期，评估座椅和飞机的抗坠毁性能，预测乘员在坠撞环境下的动态响应和受伤害程度。因此，仿真分析程序的开发、建模及模型确认等方面的研究一直是飞机结构抗坠毁技术研究的重要内容。
21
研究内容
3、结构耐撞性优化研究
国外学者研究的简单结构，难以推广到实际应用。除了一些非常简单的结构和材料本构关系，一般情况下无法给出结构优化目标函数的显式表达式。因此，许多学者转而寻求各种全局近似方法，建立优化变量与目标函数之间的关系，从而实现结构耐撞性优化。响应面方法就是一种全局近似方法，被广泛的应用于结构耐撞性优化。
相关文献研究结论
有学者认为，在进行仿真分析时，采取显式/隐式积分混合算法能够有效的提高整个分析过程的计算精度和计算效率。
17
研究内容
2、飞机结构坠撞仿真分析技术
主/从接触算法
碰撞力通过定义飞机结构与撞击地面之间的接触面,以接触力的形式输出。接触算法采用主从接触对来进行定义。目前，主/从接触算法是应用得最广一种接触算法，为大多数商业瞬态非线性有限元分析程序所采用。主/ 从接触算法的特点是在给定接触区域内进行接触对搜索，如果经过试算或根据工程经验事先确定合理的接触区域以及接触发生的时段，也能够有效的减少搜索量。
15
研究内容
2、飞机结构坠撞仿真分析技术

酒精中毒大鼠小脑损伤的病理改变

酒精中毒大鼠小脑损伤的病理改变赵丽1，关继奎1，陈嘉峰2摘要：目的　观察酒精中毒大鼠小脑损伤的病理改变。

方法　Wistar雄性大鼠以50%食用酒精，逐渐增量灌胃4周造出慢性酒精中毒模型。

通过光学显微镜及透射电子显微镜观察酒精中毒后大鼠小脑损伤的病理改变。

结果　酒精中毒组大鼠光学显微镜观察到小脑颗粒细胞及蒲肯野细胞（purkinje cell）均显著减少，细胞变性明显，尤以蒲肯野细胞为著。

电子显微镜观察到小脑毛细血管内皮细胞中细胞器明显减少。

细胞核形状不规则，核仁不明显、且形状不规则。

结论　酒精中毒后引起小脑细胞及其超微结构损伤，为其导致的运动及认知功能障碍提供了基础理论依据。

关键词：酒精中毒；小脑损伤；病理改变中图分类号：R595.6 文献标识码：APathological changes of cerebellar injury in rats with alcoholism　ZHAO Li， GUAN Jikui， CHEN Jiafeng.（The First People's Hospital of Wuhu， Wuhu 241000， China）Abstract：Objective To observe the pathological changes of cerebellar injury in rats with alcoholism.Methods An animal model of chronic alcoholism was established in Wistar male rats by gavage of 50% edible alcohol at increasing doses for 4 weeks. The pathological changes of cerebellar injury in rats after alcoholism were observed using an optical mi⁃croscope and a transmission electron microscope.Results Optical microscopy in rats with alcoholism showed signifi⁃cantly reduced number of granule cells and Purkinje cells in the cerebellum， and significant cell degeneration， especially in Purkinje cells. Electron microscopy showed significantly reduced organelles， irregularly shaped nucleus， and unobvi⁃ous and irregularly shaped nucleolus in cerebellar capillary endothelial cells.Conclusion Alcoholism induces damages to the cerebellar cells and their ultrastructure， providing a basic theoretical basis for the resulting motor and cognitive dys⁃function.Key words：Alcoholism；Cerebellar injury；Pathological change由于食入性酒精饮品摄入导致酒精中毒（alco⁃holism）引发脑损伤的病例在我国明显增多。

生物化学的发现英文

生物化学的发现英文In the realm of biochemistry, the discovery of DNA's double helix structure stands as a monumental breakthrough.It revolutionized our understanding of genetic informationand paved the way for modern molecular biology.The intricate dance of enzymes and substrates, orchestrating the metabolic pathways within cells, is amarvel of nature's design. Each enzyme, with its unique shape, ensures the specificity and efficiency of biochemical reactions.Another significant revelation in biochemistry is therole of amino acids in protein synthesis. The sequence ofthese building blocks determines the structure and functionof proteins, which are the workhorses of the biological world.The exploration of lipid bilayers and their role in cell membranes has deepened our comprehension of how cellsmaintain their integrity and selectively interact with their environment.The study of biochemistry also unveils the mysteries of cellular energy production. The citric acid cycle andoxidative phosphorylation are processes that convertnutrients into the energy currency of the cell, ATP.Understanding the molecular mechanisms of disease hasbeen greatly advanced by biochemistry. For instance, the identification of the molecular basis of cystic fibrosis has led to more targeted and effective therapies.The emerging field of epigenetics, where biochemistry intersects with genetics, has shed light on how environmental factors can influence gene expression without altering the DNA sequence itself.Finally, the ongoing quest to decode the human proteomeis a testament to the vastness of biochemical knowledge. Each protein's unique function contributes to the symphony of life, and understanding them is key to unlocking the mysteries of health and disease.。

海姆立克科普知识资料英文版

海姆立克科普知识资料英文版The Heimlich Maneuver: A Life-Saving TechniqueThe Heimlich maneuver is a well-known emergency procedure used to dislodge a foreign object that is obstructing a person's airway and preventing them from breathing. Developed by Dr. Henry Heimlich in 1974, this simple yet effective technique has saved countless lives worldwide. In this essay, we will explore the origins, application, and importance of the Heimlich maneuver as a crucial first aid skill.The Inspiration Behind the Heimlich ManeuverDr. Henry Heimlich, a thoracic surgeon, was inspired to develop this life-saving technique after observing the high mortality rate associated with choking incidents. Prior to the Heimlich maneuver, the standard practice for addressing a choking emergency was to perform back blows, which often proved ineffective and could even push the object deeper into the airway. Recognizing the need for a more reliable method, Heimlich set out to find a solution.Through his research and experimentation, Heimlich discovered thatapplying a sudden, upward thrust to the abdomen could generate enough air pressure to expel the trapped object from the airway. This technique, which he named the "Heimlich maneuver," quickly gained recognition and became the recommended approach for choking emergencies around the world.How to Perform the Heimlich ManeuverThe Heimlich maneuver is a relatively simple procedure that can be performed by anyone, even without prior medical training. Here are the steps to follow:1. Assess the situation: If the person is coughing, able to speak, or breathing, they may be able to dislodge the object on their own. In this case, encourage them to continue coughing and do not intervene.2. Stand behind the person: Position yourself behind the individual who is choking, placing one foot slightly in front of the other for balance.3. Make a fist: Form a fist with one hand and place the thumb side of the fist against the person's abdomen, slightly above the navel and below the breastbone.4. Grasp the fist: With your other hand, grab the fist and press itfirmly into the person's abdomen with a quick, upward thrust.5. Repeat as necessary: If the object does not dislodge on the first attempt, continue to perform the Heimlich maneuver until the object is expelled or the person becomes unconscious.It is important to note that the Heimlich maneuver should not be performed on infants or young children, as their anatomy and size require a different technique. In these cases, the appropriate method is to provide back blows and chest thrusts.The Importance of the Heimlich ManeuverThe Heimlich maneuver has proven to be an invaluable tool in emergency situations. By quickly and effectively dislodging a foreign object from the airway, it can mean the difference between life and death. This is particularly crucial in cases where the individual is unable to breathe or cough the object out on their own.Furthermore, the Heimlich maneuver is a skill that can be learned and practiced by anyone, making it accessible to the general public. Many organizations, such as the American Red Cross and the American Heart Association, offer training courses and certification programs to ensure that people are prepared to respond appropriately in a choking emergency.The widespread adoption of the Heimlich maneuver has had a significant impact on public health and safety. According to the National Safety Council, choking is the fourth leading cause of unintentional injury-related death in the United States. However, the implementation of the Heimlich maneuver has contributed to a significant reduction in choking-related fatalities, saving thousands of lives each year.Beyond its immediate life-saving capabilities, the Heimlich maneuver has also had a broader societal impact. By empowering individuals to take action and become first responders in emergency situations, it has fostered a sense of community and civic responsibility. When people are equipped with the knowledge and skills to assist others in need, it strengthens the overall resilience and cohesion of a society.ConclusionThe Heimlich maneuver stands as a testament to the power of innovation and the profound impact that a single, simple technique can have on human life. Dr. Henry Heimlich's groundbreaking work has revolutionized the way we respond to choking emergencies, saving countless lives and inspiring people around the world to become active participants in their own and others' safety.As we continue to navigate the complexities of modern life, the Heimlich maneuver serves as a reminder that sometimes the mosteffective solutions can be found in the simplest of actions. By learning and practicing this life-saving technique, we can all play a vital role in creating a safer and more resilient world.。

液压冲击脑损伤后细胞间粘附分子表达的研究

液压冲击脑损伤后细胞间粘附分子表达的研究王欣;李梅;廖志钢;刘敏【期刊名称】《法医学杂志》【年(卷),期】2002(018)001【摘要】目的测定外伤性脑损伤后脑内细胞间粘附分子(ICAM-1)的变化.方法用大鼠液压冲击脑损伤致伤模型制作大鼠脑损伤,伤后2、4、8、12、24h取脑组织,用免疫组织化学方法染色并用MIAS图像分析系统进行图像分析.结果脑损伤后2h即可见ICAM-1在脑内表达上调,12h达高峰,24h已回落.结论测定ICAM-1在脑内的变化情况,可为推断24h以内脑损伤形成时间及伤后存活时间提供参考.【总页数】3页(P15-16,18)【作者】王欣;李梅;廖志钢;刘敏【作者单位】四川大学华西法医学院病理教研室,四川,成都,610041;四川大学华西法医学院病理教研室,四川,成都,610041;四川大学华西法医学院病理教研室,四川,成都,610041;四川大学华西法医学院病理教研室,四川,成都,610041【正文语种】中文【中图分类】DF795.1【相关文献】1.大鼠液压冲击脑损伤后bFGF及其受体FGFR1的表达 [J], 黄代新;张林;吴梅筠;陈于波;吴家馼2.大鼠液压冲击颅脑损伤后核因子κB在脑组织的表达变化的研究 [J], 闫晓鹏;张建宁;刘跃亭;段虎斌;王学蛟;程文刚;赵荣;陈来照;蒯东;李涛3.黄芪对急性肺损伤模型肺组织中细胞间粘附分子-1和血管细胞间粘附分子-1表达的调节作用 [J], 周易;李火平;夏光明;张慧;金朝霞;周帆;石素平4.细胞间粘附分子-1反义DNA体外对内皮细胞细胞间粘附分子-1表达的抑制作用 [J], 徐洪实;梅长林;王琪;陈蕾5.原代培养大鼠海马神经元液压冲击后PAFR、COX-2和GluR2基因表达比较研究 [J], 刘晓;王璐;何涛;张永亮因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

法西多曲对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用研究

法西多曲对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用研究陈辉;郑敏【期刊名称】《湖北科技学院学报:医学版》【年(卷),期】2022(36)5【摘要】目的研究法西多曲对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。

方法40只SD大鼠随机分为4组,分别为正常组(NC)、模型组(IR)、法西多曲低剂量(2.5mg/kg)组(FAS-L)和法西多曲高剂量(25mg/kg)组(FAS-H),每组10只。

采用冠状动脉结扎法建立大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型,记录心率(HR)、左心室收缩压(LVSP)、左室舒张末压(LVEDP)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)活性、AngⅡ受体(AT1)、血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)等指标变化。

结果与NC组比,IR组HR减慢(P<0.01),LVSP显著降低,LVEDP明显增加(P<0.01),血浆及心肌中AngⅡ水平显著升高(P<0.01),心肌AT1和ACE免疫阳性表达明显增强。

与IR组相比,FAS组HR、LVSP显著提高(P<0.05),LVEDP、AngⅡ显著降低(P<0.05),AT1和ACE免疫阳性表达明显减弱,且FAS-H组比FAS-L组更明显。

结论法西多曲对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用可能与减少循环及心肌局部AngⅡ生成有关。

【总页数】5页(P385-388)【作者】陈辉;郑敏【作者单位】咸宁市中心医院/湖北科技学院附属第一医院;湖北科技学院【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R-332【相关文献】1.左西孟旦对离体大鼠心肌缺血——再灌注损伤的保护作用2.复方甘西鼠尾注射液对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用3.西格列汀对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用4.复方褐毛甘西鼠尾对大鼠离体心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用5.西红花酸对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

创伤性颅脑损伤模型大鼠促红细胞生成素及其受体的表达及意义

创伤性颅脑损伤模型大鼠促红细胞生成素及其受体的表达及意
义
李伟
【期刊名称】《中国老年学杂志》
【年(卷),期】2014(034)003
【摘要】目的观察大鼠创伤性颅脑损伤后脑皮质中的促红细胞生成素(EPO)及EPO素受体(EPOR)的动态变化,并探讨这两种细胞因子在颅脑损伤中的作用.方法
将48只SD雄性大鼠分为8组,分别为正常对照组、假手术组、颅脑损伤后2、6、12、24h、3、7d组,每组6只.采用液压冲击的方法建立创伤性颅脑损伤的模型.在创伤后的不同时间段剖杀取脑皮质检测其中的EPO、EPOR mRNA和蛋白的表达
水平.结果 EPO和EPOR在创伤性颅脑损伤后均大量表达,EPO在表达到高峰后开
始下降,而EPOR在表达到高峰后仍维持在较高的水平.结论创伤性颅脑损伤
后,EPD与EPOR的表达量及变化并不完全一致.
【总页数】2页(P730-731)
【作者】李伟
【作者单位】铁道警察学院公安技术系,河南郑州450053
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】R651.1
【相关文献】
1.不同成熟度大鼠脑组织促红细胞生成素受体的表达及脂多糖对其表达的影响 [J], 郭佳佳;张彦华;段佳佳;徐发林
2.大鼠创伤性颅脑损伤后EPO及受体的表达与意义 [J], 谢红志;葛剑;徐海涛;王龙;黄书岚
3.促红细胞生成素对颅脑损伤大鼠脑组织凋亡基因表达及超微结构改变的影响 [J], 王冠;黄楹;贾强
4.人重组促红细胞生成素对大鼠创伤性颅脑损伤后神经细胞凋亡的影响及机制研究[J], 沈印;葛剑;李喆;姚乐
5.大鼠促红细胞生成素受体基因克隆及其在颅脑损伤模型中的表达分析 [J], 李伟;齐麟
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

锂-匹鲁卡品致痫大鼠杏仁核神经元损伤及Mg^(2+)的脑保护作用

锂-匹鲁卡品致痫大鼠杏仁核神经元损伤及Mg^(2+)的脑保护作用刘学伍;王慧煜;迟兆富;于美娟;吴伟;孙建英【期刊名称】《山东大学学报：医学版》【年(卷),期】2003(41)2【摘要】目的:观察锂-匹鲁卡品(LPC)致痫大鼠杏仁核神经元的形态学改变,并观察Mg2+的脑保护作用。

方法:选用成年雄性Wistar大鼠75只,并随机分为LPC组、Mg2+组和生理盐水对照组。

用LPC诱发癫痫持续状态(SE)3h,在痫性发作终止后第72h将动物处死。

将大鼠脑组织制成切片,分别用光镜和电镜观察杏仁核神经元形态学改变。

而Mg2+组大鼠在注射匹鲁卡品前腹腔内注射硫酸镁100mg/kg,其余处理同LPC组。

结果:两组大鼠在第72h时杏仁核区均出现了嗜酸性神经元,但Mg2+组神经元损伤程度明显低于LPC组。

结论:LPC诱导的SE激活了促进程序性细胞死亡的机制,导致杏仁核神经元坏死,而Mg2+对杏仁核神经元具有保护作用。

【总页数】4页(P127-130)【关键词】癫痫持续状态;凋亡;坏死【作者】刘学伍;王慧煜;迟兆富;于美娟;吴伟;孙建英【作者单位】山东大学齐鲁医院神经内科;滨洲医学院附属医院神经内科【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R742.1;R329.24【相关文献】1.灵芝酸对锂－匹鲁卡品致痫大鼠海马神经元的保护作用 [J], 王丽欣;刘蕾;刘君星;马小茹;王芳芳;梁衍锋;吴佳梅;王淑秋;齐亚灵2.二氮嗪对氯化锂-匹鲁卡品致痫大鼠海马神经元氧化应激损伤的保护作用 [J], 孙锡波;高茜;程蕊;李炳选;刘学伍;迟兆富3.锂-匹鲁卡品致痫大鼠杏仁核神经元损伤机制的实验研究 [J], 梁决寅;孙建英;冯延秋;杨忠4.线粒体分裂蛋白抑制剂对匹鲁卡品致痫大鼠海马神经元的保护作用 [J], 张倩;张宏伟;夏建华;连亚军;谢南昌5.Mdivi-1对匹鲁卡品致痫大鼠海马神经元保护作用及其机制研究 [J], 甘露;周弟弥;张磊;陈琳因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。