Chapter Six Chinese Geographical Culture
Chinese Culture—6 Chinese Education
The Official Schools
The Official Schools • Great School (太学) (太学) • Hong Du Men School （鸿都门学） • Noble School (官邸学) (官邸学) • County School (郡国学) (郡国学) Private Schools: restored • Jinshe (精舍) Jinglu (精庐) (精舍) (精庐) • Xueguan (学馆), Sishu(私塾) (学馆), Sishu(私塾)
“臭老九” 臭老九”
• “臭老九”一词是上世纪六七十年代中国知识分子的代名词。毛泽东 臭老九” 发明的“桂冠” 发明的“桂冠”，中国知识分子戴了近二十年之久。 “老九” 要从 老九” 中国的等级制社会说起。中国是一个等级森严的社会，从古至今，中 国人依据其社会地位的差别被人为地划分为几个高低贵贱不同的等级， 就象印度的种姓制度一样。顾名思义，老九就是第九等人，也就是说 在社会等级上被划分为第九个等次。毛泽东老人家还不满足，认为仅 此不足以表达他对知识分子的蔑视厌恶之情，就在“老九” 此不足以表达他对知识分子的蔑视厌恶之情，就在“老九”前面再加 个“臭”字。 • 知识分子何以被称为“第九种人”，这要追溯到十三世纪的元帝国时 知识分子何以被称为“第九种人” 期。中国虽然是一个等级制社会，但历朝历代的政府并没有象印度那 样明文划定公民的社会等次。由政府出面用文件形式界定帝国公民社 会等次则是元帝国的独创。蒙古蛮族入主中国后，依据和蒙古人亲疏 关系的远近及当亡国奴的“资历” 关系的远近及当亡国奴的“资历”，把帝国臣民分为四等：第一等是 蒙古人；第二等是色目人（中亚细亚人）；第三等是“汉人” 蒙古人；第二等是色目人（中亚细亚人）；第三等是“汉人”，即金 帝国所属的中国人；第四等是“南人” 帝国所属的中国人；第四等是“南人”，即南宋帝国所属的中国人。 上述的等级划分是粗线条的，元政府又依职业的性质，把帝国臣民更 上述的等级划分是粗线条的，元政府又依职业的性质，把帝国臣民更 细致地划分为十级：一、官（政府官员）。二、吏（不能擢升为官员 的政府雇员）。三、僧（佛教僧侣）。四、道（道教道士）。五、医 （医生）。六、工（高级工程技术人员）。七、匠（低级手工技术人 员）。八、娼（妓女）。九、儒（知识分子）。十、丐（乞丐）。 • 一向在中国传统社会最受尊敬的儒家知识分子，竟然被划分到社会的 最底层，比儒家所最卑视的娼妓都不如，仅只稍稍胜过乞丐。究其实 连乞丐也比不上，因为乞丐的人身安全是有保障的，知识分子则随时 有生命危险，政府一不高兴就拿他们的脑袋开玩笑。
中医术语英译
CHAPTER 1肝阳liver yang肝气liver qi肝开窍于眼liver open at the eyes肺开窍于鼻lung open at the nose心开窍于舌heart open at the tongue上亢ascendant hyperactivity肝阳上亢ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang阳盛yang exuberance阴盛yin exuberance阳衰yang debilitation阴衰yin debilitation传统医学traditional medicine中医traditional Chinese medicine中西医结合integration of Traditional Chinese and Western medicine 阴阳学说yin-yang theory五行学说five-phase theory中医基础理论basic theory of TCM中医诊断学traditional Chinese diagnostics方剂学formula study经方classified formula合方combined formula改方modified formula经络学说meridian and collateral (study) 经脉meridian vessel穴位acupuncture points头皮针scalp acupuncture耳针auricular acupuncture中药学traditional Chinese pharmacy中医养生traditional Chinese life nurturing 中医康复traditional Chinese rehabilitation 中医护理traditional Chinese nursing整体观念holism五脏five viscera六腑six bowelsCHAPTER 2精气学说essential qi theory肾精kidney essence清气clear qi清阳clear yang清热clear heat阳虚yang deficiency虚火deficiency fire血逆blood counterflow气逆qi counterflow过虑伤肺excessive anxiety damage the lung 气闭qi block热闭heat block阳脱证yang collapse pattern津脱fluid collapse补阳tonify yang补气tonify qi补血tonify blood苍天之气heaven qi气机qi dynamic陈腐之气stale qi气陷qi fall正气healthy qi气滞qi stagnation阳证yang pattern胃热证stomach heat pattern证型pattern type阴中之阴yin within yin阳中之阴yin within yang阴阳互根mutual rooting of yin and yang治本treat the root阴阳消长waxing and wanting of yin and yang月有阴晴圆缺the waxing and wanting of the moon 阴阳调和harmony of yin and yang气血不调disharmony of qi and blood调和气血harmonize the qi and the blood和胃harmonize stomach和法harmonizing method阳盛阴虚yin deficiency with yang hyperactivity表实exterior excess实寒excess cold虚实夹杂deficiency-excess complex表证exterior pattern表虚exterior deficiency里虚interior deficiency里实interior excess表里关系exterior-interior relation阴阳转化yin-yang conversion由实转虚conversion of excess into deficiency阴阳格拒yin and yang repulsion冷热格拒cold and heat repulsion阳邪yang pathogen阴邪yin pathogen五行five phases木行wood phase土生金earth engenders metal木生火wood engenders fire土克水earth restrains water木克土wood restrains earth木乘土wood overwhelms earth水乘火water overwhelms fire水侮土water rebels earth木侮金wood rebels metal金侮火metal rebels fire母子相及mother and child inter-affectingMother and child affecting each other CHAPTER 3先天之气innate qi先天之精innate essence后天之气acquired qi后天之精acquired essence肝肾同源homogeny of liver and kidney精血同源homogeny of essence and blood命门之火life gate fire气门qi gate君火sovereign fire / heart fire相火ministerial fire正气healthy qi宗气ancestral qi元气source qi原穴source point卫分defence aspect卫气defence qi运化transportation and transformation气化qi transformation气机失调qi dynamic disorder气机瘀滞qi dynamic stagnation寒凝气滞qi stagnation due to cold congealing 寒滞肝脉cold stagnating in the liver vessel 肝气上逆liver qi ascending counterflow胃气上逆stomach qi ascending counterflow 肝气横逆transverse invasion of liver qi真气genuine qi营气nutrient qi下气海lower sea of qi气化作用transformation function心血heart blood血瘀blood stasis气郁qi stagnation活血化瘀activate blood and resolve stasis营卫nutrient and defense营分nutrient aspect水谷精华the essence of water and food水谷代谢water-food metabolism津液fluid and humor津血同源homogeny of fluid and blood液脱证humor collapse pattern气液代谢qi-humor metabolism中气下陷sunken middle qi升举中气upraise middle qi心神heart spirit神昏spirit failing to keep to its abode三焦triple energizers脾气散精the spleen qi disperses essence肺主通调水道the lungs regulate the waterways 肾主水the kidneys dominate water肝主疏泄the liver dominates free coursing三焦主诸气the triple energizers dominate all qi肾主二便the kidneys dominate urination and defecation肺主宣发，主排汗和呼吸the lung govern sweat discharge and respiration魂ethereal soul精神essence-spirit意ideation魄corporeal soul志will气血失调disharmony of qi and blood阴阳失调disharmony of yin and yang气血两虚dual deficiency of qi and blood气阴两虚dual deficiency of qi and yin气病及血qi disease affecting the blood阳损及阴detriment to yang affecting yin气不摄血qi deficiency failing to control blood脾不统血spleen failing to control blood气不化津qi failing to transform fluidCHAPTER 4五脏five viscera中脏viscera stroke藏象viscera manifestation脉象pulse manifestation脏腑viscera and bowel六腑six bowels奇点extra point奇恒之腑extraordinary organs上焦upper energizers中焦middle energizers三焦tripple energizers心包经pericardium channel热入心包heat enters pericardium胆经gallbladder channel胆实热gallbladder excess heat小肠虚寒deficient cold of small intestine心热传入小肠transmission of heart heat to the small intestine 大肠虚寒deficient cold of large intestine热迫大肠heat distressing the large intestine膀胱气化bladder qi transformation膀胱湿热dampness heat of the bladder冷凝胞宫证pattern of cold congealing in the uterus热入血室heat entering the blood chamberBlood chamber is another name of uterus肝气犯胃liver qi invading the stomach风热袭肺wind-heat invading the lung火旺effulgent fire阴虚火旺yin deficiency with effulgent fire肺气失于宣发lung qi failing to diffuse肾精不足kidney essence insufficiency虚火上炎deficient fire flaming upward心火上炎heart fire flaming upward髓海sea of marrow血海sea of blood心胃火燔heart-stomach fire ablaze肝气郁滞liver qi depression化火transform into fire藏血store blood主疏泄govern free coursing少阳之气lesser yang qi心藏神heart houses spirit脾藏意spleen houses ideation热伤神明heat damaging bright spirit直中direct strike风中经络wind striking meridian and collateral 风中血脉wind striking blood vessels清热clear heat燥干清窍dryness affecting the clear orifices升清upbearing the clear泌别清浊separation of the clear and turbid湿浊dampness turbidity降浊downbear turbid降火downbear fire骨蒸潮热bone-steaming tidal fever肾主骨kidney govern the bone淤阻脑络证pattern of (blood) stasis obstructing the brain collateral 髓海sea of marrow髓通于脑marrow connects to the brain经脉collateral vessel血脉blood vessel二七天癸至heavenly tenth arrives at the age of 2 times 7七七天癸竭heavenly tenth fades away at the age of 7 times 7月经menstruation母乳喂养breastfeedingCHAPTER 5外因external cause内因internal cause不内外因cause neither internal nor external外邪external pathogen阴邪yin pathogen外感external contraction新感new contraction外感风寒external contraction of wind-cold外感六淫six-excess external contraction六淫入血分six excesses entering the blood aspect 暑湿summerheat dampness中暑summerheat stroke湿浊dampness turbidity下焦湿热lower energizer dampness-heat凉燥cool-dryness津枯血燥desiccation of liquid and blood dryness 温邪warm pathogen温下法warm purgation温毒pestilential pathogen瘟疫论treatise on pestilence婴儿惊厥（惊风）infantile convulsion刚痉febrile convulsion with chills暑邪summerheat肝风内动internal stirring of liver wind目上斜视upward squint of the eyes疮疡sores and ulcers内伤internal damage伤阳damage to yang伤津damage to fluid七情seven emotions情志不遂emotional upset喜极伤心excessive joy damaging the heart怒极伤肝excessive anger damaging the liver忧极伤肺excessive anxiety damaging the lung思极伤脾excessive thought damaging the spleen悲极伤肺excessive sorrow damaging the lung恐极伤肾excessive fear damaging the kidney惊极伤心excessive fright damaging the heart劳倦overexertion and fatigue寒厥cold syncope脏厥visceral syncope（内脏阳气衰微所致的肢厥，a syncope due to yang debilitation of internal organs）怒则气上anger causes qi to ascend喜则气缓joy causes qi to slacken悲则气消sorrow causes qi to disperse恐则气下fear causes qi to descend惊则气乱fright causes derangement of qi思则气结thought causes qi to bind忧则气郁anxiety causes qi to be depressed目赤bloodshot eyes五味偏嗜flavor predilection饮食偏嗜dietary predilection创伤学traumatology外伤traumatic injury房劳sexual overindulgence劳复taxation relapse女劳sexual taxation风痰wind-phlegm寒痰cold-phlegm痰饮phlegm-retained fluid痰湿phlegm-dampness水湿water-dampness淤血犯头static blood invading head 痿病wilting disease骨痿bone wilting筋痿sinew wilting绞痛colic pain寒疝cold abdominal colic淤痰blood stasis-phlegm浓痰purulent phlegm CHAPTER 6四诊four diagnostic examinations精神状态mental state面部表情facial expression面色complexion望小儿指纹vein of the infant's fingers 舌象tongue manifestation藏象visceral manifestation人体human body舌体tongue body舌形form of the tongue制剂形式preparation form舌态motility of the tongue口眼歪斜deviated of the tongue歪舌deviated tongue落枕stiff neck强硬舌stiff tongue震颤法trembling method颤动舌trembling tongue舌根root of the tongue舌尖tip of the tongue舌边margins of the tongue淡红舌pale red tongue淡白舌pale tongue红舌red tongue绛舌crimson tongue青舌blue tongue紫舌purple tongue青紫舌bluish purple tongue嫩舌tender-soft tongue胖大舌enlarged tongue肿胀舌swollen tongue瘦薄舌thin tongue点刺舌spotted tongue芒刺舌pricky tongue齿痕舌teeth-marked tongue裂纹舌fissured tongue痿软舌limp wilting tongue麻痹舌paralyzed tongue吐弄舌protruded agitated tongue 短缩舌contracted tongue地图舌geographical tongue舌苔tongue fur腻苔slimy fur滑苔slippery fur苔色fur color舌色tongue color中剥苔centre peeling fur根剥苔root peeling fur苔质texture of fur润苔moist fur燥苔dry fur燥裂苔dry and cracked fur前剥苔anterior peeling fur镜面舌mirror tongue类剥苔exfoliated fur淡红色薄白苔red tongue with thin white fur红舌薄黄干苔red tongue with thin, yellow and dry fur 命关life bar舌诊tongue diagnosis望舌inspection of the tongueCHAPTER 7口气mouth odor汗味sweat odor倒经inverted menstruation白带white vaginal discharge黄带yellow vaginal discharge恶露不下retention of the lochia恶露不绝persistent flow of lochia口臭fetid mouth odor halitosis把脉take pulse病脉morbid pulse三部九侯three positions and nine indicators 布指寸口脉wrist pulse寸口诊法wrist pulse-taking method人迎脉carotid pulse趺阳脉anterior tibial pulse寸，关，尺cun/inch, guan/bar and chi/cubit 诊尺肤cubit skin examination指法finger technique叩击法tapping technique举，按，寻lifting, pressing and searching 推寻pulse searching平脉tranquil pulse燥脉agitated pulse按诊body palpation按腧穴acupuncture point palpation病色morbid complexion病脉morbid pulse浮脉floating pulse孤阳上越deficiency yang floating upward 沉脉sunken pulse脾气下陷sunken spleen qi中气下陷sunken middle qi单按pressing with one finger总按simultaneous palpation浮脉floating pulse沉脉sunken pulse迟脉slow pulse数脉rapid pulse虚脉vacuous pulse实脉replete pulse洪脉surging pulse细脉fine pulse滑脉slippery pulse涩脉rough pulse弦脉string-like pulse结脉bound pulse相兼脉combined pulse芤脉hollow pulse散脉dissipated pulse革脉drumskin pulse伏脉hidden pulse牢脉firm pulse阳明腑证yang brightness bowel pattern 缓脉moderate pulse缓脉（不正常）relaxed pulse疾脉racing pulse大脉large pulse长脉long pulse濡脉soggy pulse弱脉weak pulse短脉short pulse微脉faint pulse动脉stirred pulse紧脉tight pulse代脉intermittent pulse促脉skipping pulse驱寒dissipate cold散瘀dissipate stasis风动stirring wing阴虚动风yin deficiency with stirring windCHAPTER 8问寒热inquiry about cold and heat问汗inquiry about sweating问痛inquiry about pain恶寒aversion to cold恶热aversion to heat发热恶寒aversion to cold with fever畏is usually translated as fear, as in "fear of cold" 畏寒但热不寒fever without chills但寒不热chills without fever潮热tidal fever午间潮热afternoon tidal fever日晡潮热late afternoon tidal fever骨蒸潮热bone-steaming tidal fever湿温潮热dampness-warm tidal fever阴虚潮热yin deficiency tidal fever微热mild fever微恶寒mild aversion to cold微寒mild chill微渴mild thirst身热不扬unsurfaced fever五心烦热vexing heat in the chest, palms and soles / five center heat手足烦热vexing heat in the extremities 手足厥冷reversal cold of the extremities 厥阴reverting yin寒热往来alternating chills and fever盗汗night sweating虚热deficiency heat少阳病lesser yang disease疟疾malaria头重脚轻heavy head and light feet身重heavy body重痛heavy pain目眩dizzy vision视力模糊blurred vision复视doubled vision灼痛scorching pain绞痛gripping pain掣痛pulling pain隐痛dull pain窜痛scurrying pain闷痛oppressive pain酸痛aching pain游走性疼痛wandering pain阵发性痛paroxysmal pain阵发性咳嗽paroxysmal cough持续性痛persistent pain汗不止persistent sweating项背拘急contracture of the nape and neck 四肢拘急contracture of the limbs肌肉痉挛muscle spasm淋病strangury disease血淋blood strangury热淋heat strangury胀痛distending pain刺痛stabbing pain冷痛cold pain空痛empty pain固定痛fixed pain胁痛hypochondriac四肢痛limb pain周身痛generalized pain完谷不化undigested food in the stool消化不良腹泻undigested food diarrhea 五更泻fifth-watch diarrhea五更咳fifth-watch cough溏泄sloppy diarrhea便溏sloppy stool大便硬结hard bound stool结脉bound pulse余尿不尽incomplete urination小便涩痛difficult painful urination大便失禁fecal incontinence小便失禁urinary incontinence尿浊turbid urine分泌清浊separation of the clear and turbid 语声重浊deep turbid voice小便淋沥dribbling urination癃闭dribbling urinary block遗精seminal emission梦遗dream emission白带white vaginal discharge黄带yellow vaginal discharge下消lower wasting-thirst里急后重tenesmus尿频frequent urination膀胱失约bladder retention failure遗尿enuresis阳痿impotence勃起erection滑精spermatorrhea早泄pre-mature ejaculation月经先期advanced menstruation月经period月经后期delayed menstruation月经先后无定期menstruation at irregular intervals 经期延长prolonged menstruation月经过多profuse menstruation月经过少scanty menstruation崩漏flooding and spotting闭经amenorrhea初潮menarche痛经dysmenorrhea赤白带下white and yellow vaginal discharge胸闷oppression in the chestCHAPTER 9半表半里证pattern of half-exterior half-interior表里辩证exterior-interior pattern identification表虚证exterior deficiency pattern表寒证exterior cold pattern风湿袭表证pattern of wind-dampness assailing the exterior 风寒袭喉证pattern of wind-cold assailing the throat风寒袭肺证pattern of wind-cold assailing the lung风寒束表wind-cold fettering the exterior风寒束肺证pattern of wind-cold fettering the lung卫表不固证defense-exterior insecurity pattern表里俱寒证pattern of dual exterior and interior cold肝胆俱实证pattern of dual excess of liver and gallbladder 气阴两虚证pattern of dual deficiency of qi and yin八纲辨证eight-principle pattern identification表寒里热证pattern of exterior cold and interior heat寒热错杂证cold-heat complex pattern虚实夹杂证deficiency-excess complex pattern上寒下热证upper cold and lower heat pattern上热下寒证upper heat and lower cold pattern上焦upper energizer上消upper waste-thirst热及生风证pattern of extreme heat engendering wind阴极似阳extreme yin resembling yang阳极似阴extreme yang resembling yin上盛下虚证upper exuberance and lower deficiency pattern 下焦lower energizer真虚假实证true deficiency with false excess pattern真实假虚证true excess with false deficiency pattern真寒假热证true cold with false heat pattern辩症syndrome differentiation阳虚痰凝yang deficiency with congealing phlegm寒凝气滞证pattern of congealing cold with qi stagnation寒凝胞宫证pattern of cold congealing in the uterus伤阳证yang damage pattern伤阴证yin damage pattern阴阳两虚证pattern of dual deficiency of yin and yang心脾两虚证pattern of dual deficiency of heart and spleen阴虚内热证pattern of yin deficiency of yin with internal heat 阴虚火旺证pattern of yin deficiency with effulgent fire阴盛阳衰证pattern of yin exuberance with yang debilitation 阳虚寒凝证pattern of yang deficiency with congealing cold 阴盛格阳证pattern of exuberant yin repelling yang阳盛格阴证pattern of exuberant yang repelling yin清阳不升证pattern of clear yang failing to ascend肾不纳气证pattern of kidney failing to receive qi脾不统血证pattern of spleen failing to manage blood八纲eight principles治疗原则therapeutic principle八纲治法eight principle therapeutic methods合证combined pattern合方combined formulaCHAPTER 10气陷证qi sinking pattern寒湿证cold-dampness pattern气机失调证qi dynamic disorder pattern气机郁滞证stagnant qi dynamic pattern湿热下注证pattern of dampness-heat pouring down寒凝气滞证pattern of congealing cold with qi stagnation寒凝血瘀证pattern of congealing cold with blood stasis寒湿内阻证pattern of internal obstruction of cold-dampness 气虚湿阻证pattern of qi deficiency with dampness obstruction 气机不利证inhibited qi dynamic pattern气虚水停证pattern of qi deficiency with water retention气虚不摄证pattern of qi deficiency with failure to constrain 气虚外感证pattern of qi deficiency with external contraction 蓄血证blood amassment pattern气血失调证qi-blood disharmony pattern气不摄血证pattern of qi failing to control the blood血虚挟淤证pattern of blood deficiency complicated by stasis 血虚寒凝证pattern of blood deficiency and congealing cold血虚风燥证pattern of blood deficiency and wind-dryness津气亏虚证fluid-qi deficiency pattern气滞水停证pattern of qi stagnation with water retention饮停胸胁证pattern of fluid retention in the chest and hypochondrium 风水相搏证pattern of mutual contention of wind and water水停证water retention pattern疫毒下注证pattern of pestilential toxin pouring downward火毒内陷证pattern of inward invasion of fire toxin表邪内陷证pattern of inward invasion of external evil表寒证exterior cold pattern表热证exterior heat pattern表虚exterior deficiency里实证interior excess pattern里寒interior cold里热interior heat外湿external dampness外风external wind外燥external dryness内风internal wind内燥internal dryness内湿internal dampness燥干清窍证pattern of dryness affecting the clear orifices气郁证qi depression pattern气郁化火证pattern of depressed qi transforming into fire 中气下陷证sunken middle qi脾气下陷sunken spleen qi直肠下陷prolapse of the rectum子宫下陷prolapse of uterus表气不固insecurity of exterior qi肾气不固insecurity of kidney qi蓄血blood amassment太阳蓄血证greater yang blood amassment pattern热入血室heat entering blood chamber寒入血室证pattern of cold entering blood chamber气虚血瘀证pattern of qi deficiency with blood stasis心血淤阻证heart blood stasis pattern寒凝血瘀证pattern of congealing cold with blood stasis 气病及血qi disease affecting the blood阳损及阴detriment to yang affecting yin生津engender fluid胃津stomach fluid津血同源homogeny of fluid and blood液脱证humor collapse pattern增液润肠increase humor and moisten the intestines风水相搏证pattern of mutual contention of wind and water阴虚水停证pattern of yin deficiency with water retention气滞水停证pattern of qi stagnation with water retention太阳蓄水证greater yang water retention pattern胸胁胀痛fullness in the chest and hypochondrium水停胸胁证pattern of fluid retention in the chest and hypochondrium。
新大学英语志学篇课文翻译Unit 6
Unit6参考译文探索默林娱乐“伦敦眼”默林娱乐“伦敦眼”不仅是伦敦的最佳旅游景点之一，更是一件非同寻常的工程设计与建筑作品。
历史默林娱乐“伦敦目艮I’于2000年3月对外开放，从此成为现代英国的地标和象征。
“伦敦眼”是英国最受欢迎的收费旅游景点，每年接待游客350万。
“伦敦眼”在设计和工程上堪称惊人之举，乘客能从客舱中看到四面J方40公里远的地方。
“伦敦眼”由戴维·马克斯和茱莉亚·巴菲尔德夫妇的建筑师团队设计。
摩天轮的设计象征20世纪即将划上句号。
时代即将跨入新的千年。
在2000年的时候，“伦敦眼”的名字是“千禧轮”。
当时英国航空公司是其主要赞助商，并且一直到2005年11月之前，英航和马克斯一巴菲尔德设计师事务所、杜莎集团一起，为“伦敦眼”的联合股东。
“伦敦眼”构思初期英航还为该项目提供了私人资金支持。
建造默林娱乐“伦敦眼”建造默林娱乐“伦敦眼”是个巨大的挑战。
它是世界上最高的悬臂式观景摩天轮，以135米的高度耸立在伦敦的地平线上。
这是一项大胆的创新和颠覆性的设计，通过组建一个杰出的专家团队，将英国最好的设计、建筑与工程技术结合了起来。
客舱“伦敦眼”的客舱运用了一个全新的观景摩天轮设计形式。
它们不是悬挂在轮下，而是在固定在主轮边缘外部的上升圆环中旋转，这样能在摩天轮顶端看到令人惊叹的360度全景。
“伦敦眼”有32个客舱，代表伦敦的32个行政区。
客舱里可以看到360度景观，安装有采暖和降温系统，以及长条凳。
钢索“伦敦眼”的每位游客都不禁惊叹牢固支撑摩天轮的那六根后拉缆。
一抬头，你会看到穿道轮边和轮子的钢索。
摩天轮钢索包括16条轮边旋转钢索和64条轮辐钢索，后者和自行车辐条相似，轮边与中轴紧紧地连接在—起。
基座“伦敦眼”的主要基座位于A型框架下，需要2200吨混凝土和44个混凝土桩——每个桩33米深。
次要基座是张力基座从后面支撑着后拉缆，用了1200吨混凝土。
轴“伦敦眼”的中心是巨大的轮毂和轴，主要部分由铸钢建造。
中国文化通览(1)
中国文化通览(2013.9)教学宗旨：本课程旨在引导学生把握优秀的中国文化的精神，产生对于中国文化的热爱与浓厚兴趣，大致了解中国概况及中国文化的历史沿革、中国人的传统世界观、价值观和思维模式、中国文化中的宝贵遗产、主要次文化的基本内容等。
向学生们提供恰当的英语翻译方法，启发他们提供与汉语内容基本对应的英语译文，向学生介绍中国文化的英语关键词语，并有针对性地对中外文化进行对比。
一、授课内容1.主题：第一章：古代中国概况The basic national conditions ofancient Chinaa) 地理环境和经济结构The geographical surroundings and the economicstructure of the Chinese cultureb) 中国文化的历史发展The historical development of the Chinese culturec) 中国人的传统世界观、价值观和思维模式The traditional worldview, values and mode ofthinking of the Chinese peopled) 以儒、道两家为基干的古代思想文化The ancient Chinese thought第二章：Chinese Historical tales, myths, fables and legendsa) 历史故事Chinese historical talesb) 神话Mythsc) 寓言Fablesd)民间传说Folklores第三章：中国文化名人Eminent personnel in the history of the Chinese culturea) 古代文化名人Eminent personnel in the ancient timesb)近现代文化名人Eminent personnel in the modern times第四章：中国名篇名著famous Chinese literary worksa) 中国文化名著Masterpiecesb)中国文化名篇Well-known literary pieces第五章：中国文化瑰宝Gems of the Chinese Culturea)四书五经The Four Books and The Five Classicsb)京剧与地方戏曲Beijing Opera and local operasc)中国书画Chinese painting and calligraphyd)生活中的文化符号Cultural tokens in daily life第六章：中国民间艺术与竞技Folk arts and sportsa)民间工艺Folk handicraftb)民间游艺Folk performance and Entertainmentc)民间竞技Folk sports第七章：中国风土人情Chinese folk culturesa) 饮食文化The dietetic cultureb) 酒文化The wine culturec) 茶文化The tea cultured) 姓氏文化The name culturee) 节日文化The festival culture第八章：中国地理文化Chinese geographical culturea) 古城古迹Ancient cities and historical sitesb) 景点景观Famous scenic spotsc) 名山Famous Mountainsd)河流湖泊Famous rivers and lakes第九章：中国建筑与园林Chinese architecture and gardeninga) 传统建筑风格Ancient architectural stylesb)著名传统建筑Famous ancient constructionsc) 园林及其特色Chinese gardeningI. Translate the following terms or expressions:1.四大发明2. 儒家文化3.春联4.针灸5. 草书6.贵妃醉酒7. 兵马俑8. 四大古典名著9. 四大菜系10. 脸谱1. The compass, the gunpowder, the art of paper-making and the movable type printing2.Confucianism3. Chinese (spring) couplets4. acupuncture 5 cursive script 6.The Drunken Concubine 7. The terra cotta armies and horses 8.《西游记》Pilgrimage to the West; Journey to the West 《三国演义》The Romance of the Three Kingdoms 《红楼梦》A Dream in Red Mansions (The Story of the Stone) 《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes; Water Margins 9. Four major groups (styles)of Chinese Cuisine (homework) 10. Facial paintings (facial masks?)II. When Shakespeare was busy producing his works, one of his contemporaries in China was also writing his later well-known work, who was he? What work was it? (ppt sy)III. Confucius has been a unique symbolic figure of Chinese culture, do you know much about him, e.g. the years (dates) of his birth and death? Why do Chinese people believe that 73 84 are ominous(esp. for old people)?中国文化通览中国文化是一个历史的范畴，它经历了五千年的发展才形成了今天的面貌，底蕴厚重，博大精深。
中国文化概况哲学和宗教英文版
中国文化概况哲学和宗教英文版Chinese Culture Overview: Philosophy and ReligionPhilosophy:Confucianism is one of the most influential philosophies in Chinese history. Founded by Confucius during the Spring and Autumn Period (771 - 476 BCE), it focuses on moral values,social hierarchies, and the importance of education. Confucianism emphasizes the cultivation of virtues such as benevolence, righteousness, and filial piety. It has greatly influenced the development of Chinese governance, family ethics, and education systems.Taoism, founded by Lao Tzu during the 6th century BCE, explores the concept of the Tao, meaning "The Way." It emphasizes living in harmony with nature and the pursuit ofself-realization. Taoism encourages individuals to live a simple and balanced life, while seeking to attain immortality through spiritual practices such as meditation and martial arts. Its teachings have had a profound influence on Chinese literature, art, and traditional medicine.Legalism, originating during the Warring States Period (475 - 221 BCE), takes a more pragmatic approach to governance and social order. It emphasizes strict laws, harsh punishments, and the idea that human nature is inherently selfish and corrupt.Legalism played an important role in shaping the centralized autocracy of ancient China and laid down the foundation for the Qin Dynasty's legalistic governance.Mohism, founded by Mozi in the 5th century BCE, promotes universal love and altruism. Mohism advocates for impartiality and rejecting the discrimination based on social status. The philosophy emphasizes the practical application of moral principles for the benefit of society, calling for the equal distribution of resources and pacifism.Religion:Religion in China is diverse and multifaceted. The major religions practiced in China include Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Islam, and Christianity.Taoism, as mentioned earlier, is both a philosophy and a religion. Taoist practices involve the worship of deities, participation in rituals, and the pursuit of immortality through meditation and alchemy. Taoist temples, many of which are located in natural landscapes, are important cultural and spiritual landmarks in China.Confucianism, although primarily a philosophy, incorporates certain religious elements. Ancestor worship is an integral part of Confucianism, as it emphasizes filial piety and respect for one's ancestors. Confucian temples and ancestral halls can befound throughout China, where rituals and ceremonies are conducted to honor and remember ancestors.Christianity arrived in China during the Tang Dynasty and has since grown steadily. Today, there are both official and unofficial Christian churches in China, with the officially recognized churches being regulated by the state. Chinese Christians practice their faith while incorporating Chinese cultural traditions, creating a distinct form of Chinese Christianity.In conclusion, Chinese philosophy and religion have significantly influenced the culture, values, and social structures of China. Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, and other unique philosophies have shaped Chinese attitudes towards morality, governance, and spirituality. Similarly, a variety of religions have found their place in Chinese society, enhancing the diversity and richness of Chinese culture.。
大学英语精读第6册课文全文翻译-中英对照
Problem Section. The first required section of a research report is the statement of the problem with which the research project is concerned. This section requires a precise statement of the underlying question which the researcher has set out to answer. In this same section there should be an explanation of the significance -- social, economic, medical, psychological, educational, etc. -- of the question; in other words, why the investigation was worth conducting. Thus, if we set out, for example, to answer the question "What is the effect of regular consumption of fast foods on the health of the American teenager?" we must explain that the question is thought to have significant relevance to the health of this segment of the population and might lead to some sort of regulations on such foods.
口译G6s
Same word order:
• 脚镣手铐 • In shackles and handcuffs • 笑得前俯后仰 • Rock forwards and backwards with laughter • 生死搏斗 • A life-and-death struggle • 成败得失 • Success and failure, gain and loss • 长话短说 • Make a long story short
An Advanced Course in Interpretation
高级口译教程
(Unit 6)
Difference between Chinese and English expressions in word order:
• 东南西北 • North, south, east and west • 衣食住行 • Food, clothing, shelter and transportation • 水陆交通 • Transportation by land and water • 田径项目 • Track and field events
• 成功发射与回收
launch and recover successfully • 攀登世界科技高峰
surmount the peak of the world’s science and technology • 把飞船送入椭圆形轨道
put the spacecraft into an elliptic orbit • 围绕地球航行14圈
—— Disraeli 迪斯累里
• Do not suppose opportunity will knock twice at your door.
BBC美丽中国第六集中英文字幕
wild China.美丽中国（Wild China）第六集潮汐更迭Tides of Change 双语对照文本字幕从东端的长城起From the eastern end of the Great Wall,中国的海岸跨度14,500公里China's coast spans 14,500 kilometres并且拥有五千多年的历史and more than 5,000 years of history.在这个方面显示了This is the area which shows the greatest contrast中国的过去和未来之间的差距between China's past and its future.如今中国的东海岸线Today China's eastern seaboard有七亿人口is home to 700 million people,居住在科技高速发展的沿海城市packed into some of the most dazzling hi-tech cities on earth.然而这些拥挤的海岸仍然是野生动物的一个重要财富Yet these crowded shores remain hugely important for a wealth of wildlife.现在古老的传统渐渐被新的气息所侵蚀Now, as ancient traditions mingle with new aspirations,那么在中国拥挤的海岸上还有野生动物的活动场所吗is there any room at all for wildlife on China's crowded shores?谨以此献给我们多灾多难但美丽依旧的祖国For our troubled but drop-dead beautiful motherland在中国北方的扎龙自然保护区In northern China's Zhalong Nature Reserve,一对丹顶鹤正守望着它们的产卵领土a pair of red-crowned cranes have staked out their nesting territory在一个商业管理的芦苇床残株里in the stubble of a commercially managed reed bed.数百年来For centuries,cranes have been revered in China鹤被中国人视为长寿的象征而备受尊崇as symbols of longevity.它们的雕像被放在皇帝的宝座旁Their statues were placed next to the Emperor's throne.鹤因此而受到赞扬The cranes have cause to celebrate.幼鹤在困难时刻就象征着希望This chick is a sign of hope in difficult times.丹顶鹤是世界上最濒临灭绝边缘的物种之一Red-crowned cranes are one of the world's most endangered species.在过去的一个世纪Over the last century,中国失去了近一半的沿海湿地China has lost nearly half of its coastal wetlands并且大多数改造地是为了造福人类而非野生动物and most of what remains is managed for the benefit of people, not wildlife.从现在起的数个月 A few months from now,幼鹤和它的家人将面临一场往南方的大迁徙this chick and its parents will face a long migration south来躲避北方的严冬to escape the harsh northern winter.它们将沿着海岸向前Their route will take them along a coast然而这些海岸已经受到人类活动的巨大影响which has been greatly affected by human activity.在它们的征途上Along their journey,the cranes will be joined将有成千上万其他鸟类加入迁徙大军by many thousands of other migrating birds.它们迁徙的方向横跨南渤海湾All heading south across the Bohai Gulf 沿海岸的黄海和中国东海and along the shores of the Yellow and East China Seas,最远甚至抵达中国南海some even reaching as far as the South China Sea寻找一个安全的冬季避难所in search of a safe winter haven.每年候鸟迁徙已持续了数千年之久The annual bird migration has been going on for thousands of years.在中国东北海岸的锦屏山Here at Mount Jinping on China's northeast coast,存留着人类there is surprising evidence曾长期居住过的惊人遗迹that people have lived here almost as long. 七千年前Seven thousand years ago,少昊部落的成员雕刻下的神奇符号members of the Shao Hao tribe carved magical symbols描绘出他们日常生活得到的重要原理representing significant elements of their daily lives.这种岩石雕刻显示出The petroglyphs show wheat sheaves connected by lines to human figures,中国第一个有记录的耕种遗址the first known recordings of cultivation in China.因为常年目睹群鸟迁徙的奇观Familiar with the spectacle of yearly bird migrations,少昊人选择一只鸟的符号作为他们的图腾the Shao Hao people chose a symbol of a bird as their totem.锦屏山位于山东半岛附近Mount Jinping lies near the Shandong peninsula,是候鸟的一个重要越冬场所an important wintering site for migrant birds,即使在今天仍然有鸟群沿着这条海岸线前进and even today there are still communities along this coastline并且和当地的鸟群保持着密切关系who retain a special affinity with their local birdlife.烟墩礁Yandun Jiao village,位于半岛的东北岸on the north-eastern shore of the peninsula, 以其传统特色的海藻覆顶建筑闻名于世is famous for its traditional seaweed-thatched cottages.在早春料峭的清晨On a chilly morning in early spring,屈夫妇在破晓时刻出来碰运气Mr and Mrs Qu venture out at first light带着海民的传统工具——桶和小铲armed with the traditional seaside accessories of bucket and spade.当屈家人朝着港湾前进As the Qus head down into the harbour,一群被当地人 a flock of whooper swans,亲切称为“冬日天使”的大天鹅known affectionately here as "winter angels", 在海湾醒来are waking out in the bay.屈家和他们的邻居在潮落的泥浆中The Qus and their neighbours search for tube holes寻找管状的孔in the mud at low tide,那里意味着有扇贝或竹蛏深藏在泥底the sign of cockles and razor shells hidden deep below.收集贝克是颇为流行的消遣While gathering shellfish is a popular pastime,当地人以出海为主要营生the main business of Yandun Jiao happens further out at sea.当老屈站在启程船只的甲板上As the boats set out,with Mr Qu on board,天鹅并肩掠过the swans set a parallel course.整个海湾是一个巨型海藻农场The whole of the bay is a gigantic seaweed farm.人们整天忙于清理和照料海藻叶The men work all day cleaning and tending the kelp fronds海藻长在巨大浮标舰队互相连接的绳子上that are grown on ropes linked to a vast armada of buoys.天鹅只吃长在绳子表面的本地海藻The swans eat native seaweeds growing on the surface ropes而非更有价值的产物rather than the valuable crop of kelp,所以它们无损经济作物的生长so they do no harm to the commercial operation.下午当风在海上生起In the afternoon,as the wind picks up out at sea,工人和天鹅退回岸边the workers and swans return to shore.当追求与自然和谐的文化While the culture of seeking balance with nature历经远路回归中国的时候goes back a long way in China,在中国拥挤的海岸线很难看到如此和谐的人地关系it is rare to see such harmonious relationships on China's crowded coast.当夜晚降临As evening draws on,屈家人准备了扇贝the Qu family prepare their evening meal of cockles,馒头和海藻做为晚膳steamed bread and seaweed.孩子们谈话声(KIDS CHATTERING)剩菜被村里的孩子们用来喂天鹅Leftovers are given to the village children to feed the swans.这给孩子和村民带来许多乐趣It's fun for the kids and provides并未鸟儿们度过寒夜提供了能量补给an extra energy boost for the birds as they face another cold night.天鹅已经利用这个庇护港The swans have been using this sheltered bay作为冬天的过冬地at as a winter refuge for many generations.只要敬重自然的传统还在As long as the tradition of respect for nature persists,烟墩礁的村民和“冬日天使”间的this remarkable association between the Yandun Jiao community奇妙友谊就会持续下去and their winter angels looks set to continue. 在渤海湾天鹅村的最东北处Out in the Bohai Gulf,northeast of the swan village,一座小小的岩岛为迁徙的鸟儿提供了安静的歇脚地a small rocky island provides a quiet resting spot for migrating birds.但是蛇岛亦潜伏着危险But Shedao Island has hidden dangers.由于海平面上升蝮蛇已被困在这座岛上6000余年Pallas' pit vipers trapped here6,000 years ago by rising sea levels这已演化成一种险恶的生存方式have evolved a sinister lifestyle.每年有10个月For 10 months of the year岛上没有任何食物there is nothing substantial to eat on the island,因此爬行类动物保持静止以保存体力so the reptiles conserve their energy by barely moving at all.鸟群鸣叫(BIRDS CAWING)当阳光使它们的岩石家园变暖As the sun warms their rocky home,这些蛇便爬进灌木树丛the snakes climb up into the bushes and trees.但是它们不是来这晒日光浴的But they aren't here to sunbathe.越来越多的毒蛇出现了More and more vipers appear事实上毒蛇占据了几乎所有栖息地until virtually every perch where a bird might land等着鸟们上钩has been booby-trapped.“守猎”游戏开始了Then the waiting game begins.蛇隐藏得很好The serpents' camouflage is remarkable,但是蛇攻击鸟的时候but so are the birds' reactions,鸟的反应同样迅速as this high-speed shot reveals.鸟群只在岛上停留几周The birds will only stay on the island for a couple of weeks.但是尽管蛇已经饿了几个月了But although the snakes have been starving for months,但是它们实现饱餐一顿心愿的途径their only hope of bagging a meal is to be patient只能是潜藏起来耐心等待and sit tight.即便最微小的失误The slightest miscalculation也会导致狩猎的失败and the snake is left with a mouthful of feathers.蛇只能通过嗅觉寻找失去的美味The dropped meal is tracked down mainly by smell,毒蛇用分叉的舌头the viper using its forked tongue分辨空气来靠近追逐的猎物to taste the air until it is close enough to see its quarry.最后的挑战是吞下自己头部两倍粗的食物The final challenge is to swallow a meal that's twice the size of its head.蛇能让下巴脱臼并合理安排食物的方向It does so by dislocating its jaws and positioning its prey使鸟嘴指向后边so the beak is pointing backwards.对于爬虫来说，充足的时间也很短暂For the reptiles,this time of plenty is all too brief.再过几个星期，迁移就要结束了In a couple of weeks,the migration will be over鸟群会继续前进and the birds will have moved on.这可能是蛇六个月中的最后一餐This could be the snake's last meal for six months.但是并不是岛上会经历But it isn't just islands盛宴和饥馑的循环that experience cycles of feast and famine. 海也有季节变化The sea, too, has its seasons,沿岸的渔民都知道这个变化a fact well known to fishing communities along the neighbouring coasts.在初望港In Chuwang harbour,盛大的聚会是新汛期开始的证明the start of a new fishing season provides the excuse for a massive party.但是对于船主老赵来说But for boat owner Mr Zhao,既有庆祝又有祈祷it's a day of prayer as well as celebration.老赵希望通过祭祀海神Zhao hopes that by presenting gifts and showing respect to the sea goddess,来确保他们来年捕鱼he can help ensure a prosperous and safe year ahead顺利安全for him and his crew.同时鼓声爆竹反映了古人的信念Meanwhile, drums, firecrackers and fireworks reflect the ancient belief古人认为嘈杂巨响能驱赶海怪和坏运气that loud noises will frighten off dangerous sea devils and bad fortune.台子中间的那个是海龙的象征Occupying centre stage is a representation of the sea dragon,传说海龙控制着水和天气mythical ruler of water and weather.夜晚风平浪静In the calm of the evening,赵先生和家人点亮了纸船灯笼Mr Zhao and his family light paper boat lanterns.每一个闪烁的火焰带着一个愿望飘向海神Each flickering flame carries a wish to the sea goddess,这个传统世代传递着a tradition passed on from parents to children over countless generations.在中国拥挤的海岸线上On China's crowded coasts,渔民们必须非常机敏fishermen need to be extremely resourceful. 收渔网是一项繁重的工作Hauling in the nets is hard work,目前为止还没有看到鱼and so far there's not a fish in sight.只有海蜇Only jellyfish.每年无数的海蜇Each year, millions of jellyfish被渤海湾的水流带到南方are carried south with the currents in the Bohai Gulf.这种现象的生态学原因很复杂The ecological story behind this event is complex,但决不是中国特有的but by no means unique to China.海蜇是快速繁殖的浮游生物的食物Jellyfish are fast-breeding plankton feeders. 近些年来人类污水和精耕细作使用的化肥In recent years, human sewage and fertilisers from intensive farming增大了海湾的浮游生物繁殖速度have increased plankton blooms in the Gulf,提供了丰富的海蜇食物providing extra jellyfish food.由于过度捕鱼海蜇的敌人和竞争者少了While over-fishing has reduced their enemies and competitors.这种现象已经It's a phenomenon that has become increasingly widespread在全球蔓延across the world's seas.然而别的地方认为是个问题However, what is seen elsewhere as a problem,在中国却被当成机会in China is perceived as an opportunity.岸上Back on shore,四轮车载着海蜇到附近的大商店里mule carts transport the jellyfish to nearby warehouses在那里处理后销往全国where they will be processed and sold as food all over China.四代人正在饱餐一碗海蜇片Four generations tuck into a bowl of sliced jellyfish,这道菜可以延年益寿the recipe for a long and healthy life.离开了渤海湾Leaving the Bohai Gulf behind,迁徙的鹤群migrating cranes,篦鹭和鸭子里边加入了其他鸟类spoonbills and ducks are joined by other birds,它们都飞向南方寻找安全的冬天栖息地all heading south in search of a safe winter haven.鸟群的迁徙路线顺着黄海The birds' migration route follows the coast of the Yellow Sea一路朝向江苏省down into Jiangsu Province,那里有肥沃的农业风景 a fertile agricultural landscape有中国最后存留的盐沼泽地with some of the last remaining salt marshes in China.大丰At Dafeng,一小块盐沼泽的就是一只幸存动物的家园a small salt marsh reserve is home to an animal which is lucky to be alive.中国人认为麋鹿是奇怪复杂的动物The Chinese see these Milu as a curious composite animal,有像马一样的头with a horse's head,牛一样的脚cow's feet,驴一样的尾巴 a tail like a donkey朝向后边的鹿角and backwards-facing antlers.在西方自从第一个欧洲人In the West, we know it as David's Deer,叫它麋鹿以后我们也这样叫了after the first European to describe it.在发情期During the rut,雄鹿用植物的花环来装饰自己stags decorate themselves with garlands of vegetation这些东西是用鹿角弄的collected in their antlers.激烈的战斗决定谁拥有交配权Fierce battles decide mating rights.雌鹿仍然带着去年的幼鹿The females still have last year's fawns in tow.母鹿在发情期也没有给幼鹿断奶They haven't been weaned by the time of the rut幼鹿聚在一起and band together in large crhes,只回到自己母亲那里喂食only returning to their mothers to feed.这种特殊的行为有助于帮助它们记清楚好斗的雄鹿This unique behaviour helps to keep them clear of the aggressive males.现在中国仅存2500头麋鹿了Today, there are just2,500 Milu in China, 很明显如果再多也很有限but it is remarkable that there are any at all. 在20世纪初期野外的麋鹿濒临灭绝In the early 1900s Milu became extinct in the wild,幸运的是一些良种鹿群被当作礼物送到了欧洲but luckily, some of the Imperial herd had been sent as a gift to Europe.那些在英格兰Woburn Abbey的麋鹿繁衍了下来Those at Woburn Abbey,in England, prospered.20世纪80年代40头鹿被送回了故乡And in the early 1980s, 40 of the deer were returned to their homeland它们在那里继续繁衍生息where they continue to thrive.迁徙的鹤群至今已经The migrating cranes have so far travelled 顺着海岸向南飞行了两千多公里了over 2,000 kilometres southwards along the coast.经过了大丰的麋鹿预留区Passing the Milu Deer Reserve at Dafeng, 它们接近了另一个盐沼泽地they are approaching another salt marsh那里给它们过冬提供了极好的条件which will provide the perfect conditions for them to spend the winter.盐城，中国最大的沿海湿地This is Yancheng,the largest coastal wetland in China,每年估计有三百万鸟拜访这里visited by an estimated three million birds each year.(嘎嘎的叫声）(SQUAWKING)刚出生七个月的幼鹤Crane chicks that were only born seven months ago完成了第一次来回旅行have now completed the first leg of a round trip它们将会每年重复这样which they will repeat every year.坚强的鹤群能应付冬天的温度The hardy cranes can cope with winter temperatures温度可能降到零度以下which may drop below freezing.但是其他迁徙的鸟类比如濒临灭绝的黑面篦鹭However, other migrating birds, like the endangered black-faced spoonbill,就没有那么耐寒are less cold-tolerant它们将要继续南飞寻找更温暖的气候and will continue even further south in search of warmer climes.(嘎嘎的叫声）(SQUAWKING)在这里许多迁徙的鸟群At this point,many of the migrating bird flocks勉强达到了它们南飞旅程的一半are barely halfway along their southward journey.在它们前面还有新的挑战Ahead of them lies a new challenge,中国最伟大的河——长江China's greatest river, the Yangtze,是许多种类迁徙物种的聚集地and the venue for a very different kind of migration.每年上百万吨的货物往来江面Each year, millions of tons of cargo travel up and down the river,使这里成了世界上最繁忙的航路之一making this one of the busiest waterways in the world.这些是中华绒蝥蟹These are Chinese mitten crabs,因它们长毛爪子得名named for their strange hairy claws.它们可以迁移长达1500公里They may migrate as much as1,500 kilometres从支流和湖泊一直到河口from tributaries and lakes to the river mouth, 他们在那里繁殖后代where they gather to breed.中华鲟也有相似的迁徙 A similar migration is made by the giant Yangtze sturgeon,中华鲟能长到4米长半吨重which can reach four metres long and weigh half a ton.近些年来它们的数量骤减In recent years,its numbers have declined dramatically这是由于它们的迁徙被越来越多的河坝阻挡了as its migration is impeded by ever more river dams.但是不仅中华鲟有这样的境遇But it isn't just animals like the sturgeon that are in trouble,整个长江的生态系统都遭到了破坏the entire Yangtze River ecosystem is being poisoned.虽然有显耀的清理计划项目In spite of being the subject of an ambitious clean-up plan,估计长江是最大的today the river is reckoned to be the biggest 污染太平洋的单向水源single source of pollution entering the Pacific Ocean.坐落于长江入海口的Situated right at the mouth of its estuary,崇明岛为迁徙的滨鸟Chongming Island provides a vital resting and feeding spot提供了重要的休养生息的地方for migrating shorebirds,人们对长江流域的野生动物的态度不断转变and a place which offers welcome evidence这个地方也是个很好的证明of changing attitudes towards the Yangtze's beleaguered wildlife.几个世纪里这些沿岸泥滩一直吸引许多捕猎者For centuries these coastal mudflats have attracted hunters,就像金先生一样like Mr Jin,他们不断地改善捕猎技巧who have honed their trapping skills to perfection捕获稀有鸟类供上海有钱人食用to put rare birds on the tables of Shanghai's elite.40年里金先生一直用一张网For 40 years Mr Jin has used a net,简单的诱鸟和一只竹笛simple decoy birds and a bamboo whistle来诱惑经过的鸟到他的网里to lure passing birds towards his nets.(笛声)(WHISTLING)这需要耐心和高超的技巧It takes both patience and consummate skill. 但是事情并不总是这样But all is not as it seems.像其他许多最好的自然保护者一样Mr Jin, like many of the best conservationists, 金先生现在由偷猎者变为了看护者is poacher turned gamekeeper,使用他捕猎技艺来保护他原先的猎物using his hunting skills to benefit his old quarry.在东潭鸟类保护基地里The staff here at Dongtan Bird Reserve人们将给这些捕获的鸟测量带环称重will measure, ring and weigh the trapped birds然后把它们释放before releasing them unharmed.由金先生和他的同事们收集的这些信息The information gathered by Mr Jin and his colleagues帮助保护了200多个不同的鸟类helps to protect over 200 different species of birds这些鸟类每年都要来到这个岛屿which visit the island each year.在崇明岛正南端Just south of Chongming Island是中国最大的海边城市——上海lies China's largest coastal city, Shanghai.上海处于一条河流生物和鸟类迁徙的路径上Situated on a major migration route for birds as well as river life,现在它正进行一个更大的侵袭动作Shanghai is now preparing for an even bigger invasion.满载着建筑材料的驳船不停的到达这个城市的码头Barges loaded with building materials constantly arrive in the city's docks,来满足这个世界最繁忙建设之一的需要feeding one of the greatest construction booms in the world.去年全世界一半的水泥都运往中国的各个城市Last year, half the world's concrete was poured into China's cities,这些都是为了人类历史上最大规模的all in preparation for the biggest mass migration of people人口迁移做准备in the history of the world.在未来25年里预计有超过3亿中国人In the next 25 years,well over 300 million people将从中国农村迁移到城市例如上海are predicted to move from rural China into cities like Shanghai.从农村到城市的人类迁移The migration of people from country to city在全世界各地都可以看到is being mirrored around the world,and by 2010到2010年超过一半的世界人口将成为城市居住者over half of the world's population will be urban dwellers.当夜晚来临时上海就会揭示它的本色As night falls,Shanghai reveals its true colours.这是中国最快增长的金融中心China's fastest-growing financial centre 是这个巨大繁荣的中心is in the midst of a massive boom.其人口估计超过2千万With an estimated population of more than 20 million,上海无疑是中国最大Shanghai is officially China's largest也是最耀眼的城市and certainly its most dazzling city.但他的辉煌背后存在着环境代价But there is an environmental cost.上海居民使用的电力是Shanghai residents now use two and a half times more power per head郊区居民的2.5倍than their rural cousins.这个城市近乎贪得无厌的能源需求The city's seemingly insatiable energy demands得需要17个电厂来提供满足currently require the output of 17 power stations.上海往南城市灯光逐渐暗淡South of Shanghai the city lights gradually fade好象我们进入了一个古老的世界as we enter an ancient world.这是福建省This is Fujian Province,一个崎岖的地域 a rugged terrain由于花岗岩大山的护卫guarded by sheer granite mountains which have helped to forge and preserve使得一些中国最古老的遗址和传统文化得以稳固并保存some of China's most ancient sites and traditional cultures.远高出海边地带坐落着1400米高的太姥山Towering above the coast,the 1,400-metre-high Taimu Mountains是中国人熟识的“海上仙都”are known to the Chinese as "Fairyland on the Sea".潮湿的海风在寒冷的山顶凝聚Moist sea breezes condense on the cool mountaintops并与排水良好的酸性土壤结合and combine with well-drained acid soils便形成了完美的种植环境to produce the perfect growing conditions 适合喜酸性的植物——例如野杜鹃for acid-loving plants like wild azaleas.也合适生长山茶It's also home to camellias,including the most famous of all,包括最著名的茶树种植the tea plant.沿着福建沿海一带的类似种植环境Similar growing conditions all along the Fujian coast使得中国茶叶独享其尊make this the treasure chest for China's tea, 其茶产业远可源自4000多年前the heart of an industry dating back almost 4,000 years.这个地区最传统的茶树栽培文化One of the most traditional tea-growing cultures in the area当数这里的客家人沿袭的is that of the Kejia people.每天清晨山羊被放养在这些茶树梯田间Every morning, goats are let loose among the tea terraces,这是个历史悠久的传统 a centuries-old tradition.看起来好象很奇怪让这些This might seem surprising given goats' reputation山羊去吃这些绿色的植物for eating anything green,不过茶树并不像看上去那样毫无设防but tea isn't as defenceless as it looks.茶叶中存在刺激性的化学成分Tea leaves are loaded with bitter chemicals 以驱走啃食的动物designed to repel browsing animals.这对山羊很有效It works on the goats,它们只是吃光茶树外的杂草who leave the tea untouched and instead eat up the weeds,它们的粪便恰好茶树供给了养分fertilising the tea plants with their droppings.惊讶的是我们人类The surprise is that we humans却还没发现同样刺激性的化学鸡尾酒should find the same bitter chemical cocktail以便让人类根本不敢染指utterly irresistible.对客家人而言种植茶树是家族事业Among the Kejia people,tea-growing is a family business.女人们采摘男人门加工打包Women do the picking,while the men process and pack it.张女士是一名客家家族的成员Mrs Zhang belongs to a Kejia family她们家族在这片同样的茶园that has lived and worked for generations 生活劳作了数个世代among these same tea terraces.最精良的茶叶需要在温暖的阳光里快速采摘The finest tea needs to be gathered quickly in warm sunshine这样可以让茶叶保留有茶油的香味as this brings out the flavour-enhancing oils inside the leaves.这个可持续的产业使得中国最精美的地形之一This sustainable industry has protected one of China's finest landscapes和最传统文化之一得以保存下来and one of its most traditional cultures.在早上采摘之后At the end of the morning's picking,张女士把茶叶带回家以待加工Mrs Zhang returns home to drop off her tea ready for processing.这个城堡式样的建筑在过去This fort-like design has survived from a time客家人得以从与敌对的当地部落势力when the Kejia needed to protect themselves斗争中幸存下来against hostile local tribes.每个房子有3到4层Each house has three or four levels以适合50到250人居住designed to accommodate50 to 250 people. 最底层是厨房和家畜使用The ground floor houses the kitchens and animal stock同时有一条通道通向水井取水with access to a well for water.第一层房间用作储藏The first floor rooms are used for storage 第二层作为寝居and the upper floors are bedrooms.这一些很非凡的建筑已有800多年历史了Some of these remarkable buildings are 800 years old经历了地震和台风并完整的保存了下来and have survived earthquakes and typhoons.当收集一定数量茶叶时下一步加工开始了Once enough tea has been gathered in,the processing begins.把绿色茶叶变为市场销售的茶叶Turning green leaves into saleable tea最少包含8个步骤involves at least eight different stages,包括干燥捻细筛挤压和扭拧including drying, bruising,sifting, squeezing and twisting,这些都是成品打包前必须的步骤before the finished product is finally ready for packing.张女士的村庄出产“小黑龙”茶The Zhang's village produces"little black dragon",即——乌龙茶or oolong tea,其称呼源于冲泡茶叶时so called because of the way its twisted leaves unfurl那宛如蟠龙舒展的姿态when water is poured over them.茶在客家人生活中占据着重要地位Tea plays a vital part in Kejia life,既是一个收入来源也是一种迎宾之道not only as a source of income,but also as a way to welcome visitors它将人们联系在一起and bring people together.在中国人传统生活中In traditional Chinese life,即使最简单的一杯茶也被赋以复杂的仪式even the simplest cup of tea is poured with an intricate amount of ritual.在过去In the past,客家人的其他主要收入来自运送像茶叶一样的货物the Kejia people's other main income came from transporting goods like tea穿越变幻莫测的山川和河流入口across the treacherous topography of mountains and river estuaries.他们的运输路线在1059年变得轻松易行Their route was suddenly made easier when, in 1059,一切归于这座名桥的建造this remarkable bridge was built.它的桥面由重达10吨的花岗岩架设而成Made from massive10-ton slabs of granite,是中国不太知名的建筑奇葩之一it is one of China's lesser-known architectural gems.洛阳桥历经地震狂潮风采依旧Luoyang Bridge has withstood earthquakes and tempestuous tides.被称为“万安渡”的Known as "10,000 ships launching",46座桥墩the bridge's 46 piers在潮水的冲刷下已经屹立的近千年have withstood time and tide for almost a millennium.据当地传说According to folklore,桥的成功在于有远见地应用了生物工程its success is due to a far-sighted piece of bio-engineering.在桥墩上养殖牡蛎之后Oysters were seeded on the piers利用他们的凝固物可以and ever since,their concretions have helped cement将花岗岩胶合凝结起来the granite blocks together.如今惠安的女人们仍用传统的Today, oysters are still cultivated here方法在这里养殖牡蛎in the traditional way by Hui'an women.屹立在桥下的泥滩之中的岩石Stones are stood in the mudflats below the bridge可以使牡蛎附着生长to encourage the oysters to grow.如今当地人主要用洛阳桥来Luoyang Bridge is now mainly used by locals运送货物穿过河口到港口去carrying goods across the estuary towards the coastal ports.两千多年来For more than 2,000 years,中国的沿海贸易主要依靠于coastal trade in China has depended一种具有开创性卓越性能船on a remarkable and pioneering type of ship, 我们称之为舢板known to us as the junk.这艘船所用的的大众化设计This working vessel follows a general design 在福建已经使用了600多年that's been in use in Fujian for at least 600 years.船首是画上了两只大眼睛的鸟喙造型Its bows take the form of a beak,with two large painted eyes古代的航员们相信evoking the traditional seafarers' belief鸟的形象可以使海员们平安归来that the bird's image would help sailors return safely,就像每年春秋回来的候鸟一样like the migrants that return each spring and autumn.茶叶和其他货物经防水处理后储存Tea and other goods were stored in strong bulkheads,分储在防水壁中以降低洪涝带来的损失each waterproofed and separated from the next to minimise flood damage.这种保持珍贵茶叶干燥的革新措施This innovation, introduced to keep precious tea cargos dry,不仅改进了中国的船只spurred on the improvement of not only Chinese boats,还改进了西方的船只but Western ones, too.舢板上独特的索具The distinctive rigging of the junk's sails使得它在恶劣的天气下也容易操纵allows easy handling in bad weather,这在风暴肆虐的海边至关重要essential along this storm-battered coast.台风一词源于“大风”的谐音Each year from July to November,up to a dozen typhoons,每年7至11月成批的台风 a corruption of the Chinese word for "great wind",朝西北方向席卷中国而来head northwest towards China.全球像二氧化碳这样的温室气体的增加Typhoons are becoming more frequent as sea temperatures rise,使得海的温度升高aided by a global increase in greenhouse gases,台风也因此变得更加频繁such as carbon dioxide.但卫星图片却显示了一个令人惊讶的转变But satellite pictures have revealed a。
中国文化英语教程Unit6
甲骨文 An oracle bone unearthed in
Anyang, Henan Province
Introduction
Unification
? Seal script, which had evolved slowly in the state of Qin during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, became standardized and adopted as the formal script for all of China in the Qin Dynasty.
element all relate to the rising or setting of the sun. For example:
Character
旦 東
Meaning of the parts
Meaning of the character
日：the sun 一：the horizon
The sun rising on the horizon.
Symbols of Sentiment
? 暮was originally written as 莫:
Symbols of Sentiment
? 明 depicts a scene of the moon shining through the window.
英语七年级下册 u 6英语作文
探索英语七年级下册Unit 6：体验多元文化的魅力In the journey of exploring the world of English, Unit6 of the seventh-grade textbook presents a fascinating panorama of multiculturalism. This unit opens a window to diverse cultures, allowing students to gain insights intothe rich tapestry of global traditions and customs.The unit begins with an introduction to different countries and their unique festivals. Students are introduced to the vibrant Diwali celebration in India, the colorful Carnival in Brazil, and the serene Obon in Japan. These festivals, each with their own unique traditions and symbols, provide a glimpse into the diverse cultural practices that shape the global community.Furthermore, the unit delves into the significance of these festivals in the lives of individuals and communities. It explores how these celebrations are not just events, but are deeply rooted in the history, values, and beliefs of each culture. For instance, Diwali symbolizes the victoryof light over darkness, while Carnival represents joy and freedom from social constraints.In addition to festivals, the unit also covers other aspects of culture such as food, music, and art. Students learn about the diverse cuisines of different countries and how they reflect the flavors and traditions of each culture. Similarly, the unit explores the musical traditions of various cultures, ranging from the lively beats of samba to the soulful melodies of Japanese traditional music.The integration of these cultural elements in the unit not only enhances students' understanding of different cultures but also cultivates their appreciation for diversity. By comparing and contrasting the traditions and customs of different cultures, students develop a more tolerant and inclusive mindset, which is crucial in today's interconnected world.Moreover, the unit encourages students to actively participate in cultural exchanges and share their own cultural experiences. Through role-playing, discussions,and other interactive activities, students have the opportunity to explore their own cultural identity and gain a deeper understanding of other cultures.In conclusion, Unit 6 of the English seventh-grade textbook is a treasure trove of multicultural experiences. It provides students with a rich and diverse learning environment that fosters cultural awareness, respect, and understanding. By delving into the world of different cultures, students are not only equipped with knowledge but also gain the ability to appreciate and embrace the beauty of diversity.**探索英语七年级下册第六单元：体验多元文化的魅力** 在英语学习的旅程中，七年级下册的第六单元展现了一幅多元文化魅力的绚丽画卷。
六年级英语下册第六单元作文范文写中国
六年级英语下册第六单元作文范文写中国China is a vast and diverse country located in East Asia. With a long history, rich culture, and booming economy, China is a fascinating place to explore. In this essay, I will discuss some of the key aspects of China and why it is such a unique and interesting country.First and foremost, China is known for its long history and rich cultural heritage. It is one of the world's oldest civilizations, with a history that dates back thousands of years. The ancient Chinese civilization made many important contributions to art, literature, philosophy, and science. One of the most famous contributions of ancient China is the invention of paper, which revolutionized the way information was recorded and shared.In addition to its rich history, China is also known for its stunning natural landscapes. From the majestic mountains of the Himalayas to the picturesque countryside of Guilin, China is home to some of the most beautiful scenery in the world. The Great Wall of China is another iconic symbol of the country, stretching over 13,000 miles and standing as a testament to China's long history and impressive engineering skills.Furthermore, China is a global economic powerhouse, with a rapidly growing economy that has made it one of the world's leading nations. Over the past few decades, China has experienced a period of rapid industrialization and urbanization, lifting millions of people out of poverty and transforming the country into a major player on the world stage. Today, China is the world's largest exporter of goods and a key player in global trade and investment.In conclusion, China is a country of great importance and fascination. Its long history, rich culture, beautiful landscapes, and booming economy make it a truly unique and interesting place to explore. Whether you are interested in history, culture, nature, or economics, there is something for everyone to discover in China. As China continues to evolve and grow, it will remain a country of great significance in the world.。
中国地理文化英语作文
中国地理文化英语作文China's geography is as diverse as its rich cultural tapestry. From the majestic peaks of the Himalayas to the fertileplains of the Yangtze River, the land embodies a variety of climates and landscapes.The Great Wall, a symbol of China's historical resilience, stretches over 13,000 miles, a testament to the ingenuity and determination of ancient Chinese civilization. It stands as a guardian of the nation's past, overlooking the vast expanseof the country.Beijing, the capital, is a melting pot of tradition and modernity. Ancient temples coexist with towering skyscrapers, and the bustling streets echo with the harmonious blend ofold and new. The Forbidden City, with its red walls andgolden roofs, is a silent witness to the dynasties that once ruled from its heart.The Terracotta Army in Xi'an speaks volumes about thegrandeur of the Qin Dynasty. Thousands of life-sized soldiers, horses, and chariots stand in silent formation, a vivid reminder of the power and ambition of Emperor Qin Shi Huang.The Yangtze River, the longest in Asia, is not just a waterway; it is the lifeblood of China. It nourishes the land, supports the livelihoods of millions, and is a gateway to China's economic heartland.In the southern province of Yunnan, the ethnic diversity is as colorful as the region's flora and fauna. Each ethnic group contributes to the cultural mosaic, with their unique customs, festivals, and cuisines.The Silk Road, an ancient network of trade routes, connected China to the world. It was not just a path for silk, but a bridge for cultural exchange, where ideas, art, and religions intermingled.China's geography and culture are deeply intertwined. The land shapes the people, and the people, in turn, shape the land. It is a symbiotic relationship that has endured through millennia, a living testament to the enduring spirit of the Chinese people.。
六下英语第六单元作文(中国)
六下英语第六单元作文(中国)China is a vast and diverse country with a rich cultural heritage that has captivated the world for centuries. As the most populous nation on Earth, China boasts a unique blend of ancient traditions and modern advancements, making it a fascinating and complex country to explore. In this essay, we will delve into the various aspects of China that make it such a remarkable and influential nation.At the heart of China's cultural identity lies its long and storied history. From the ancient dynasties that have shaped the country's political and social landscape to the remarkable architectural and artistic achievements that have endured through the ages, China's past is a testament to the ingenuity and resilience of its people. The Great Wall of China, for example, stands as a symbol of the country's enduring strength and determination, having been constructed over centuries to protect its borders from invaders.Beyond its historical significance, China is also renowned for its diverse and vibrant regional cultures. Each province and autonomous region within the country has its own unique traditions, customs, anddialects, creating a tapestry of diversity that is truly awe-inspiring. From the lush, mountainous landscapes of Sichuan to the bustling, modern cities of the east coast, China is a land of contrasts and surprises, offering visitors a wealth of experiences and insights into the country's rich cultural heritage.One of the most striking aspects of Chinese culture is its deep-rooted respect for tradition and family. The Confucian values that have long been the foundation of Chinese society emphasize the importance of filial piety, respect for elders, and the preservation of cultural norms and practices. This reverence for tradition is reflected in everything from the elaborate rituals and ceremonies that mark important life events to the way in which Chinese families structure their relationships and responsibilities.At the same time, China has also emerged as a global economic powerhouse, with its rapidly growing cities and thriving industries serving as a testament to the country's innovative spirit and entrepreneurial drive. From the cutting-edge technology hubs of Shenzhen and Shanghai to the bustling manufacturing centers that have fueled the country's economic rise, China has demonstrated an incredible capacity for adaptation and change, embracing the challenges of the modern world while still maintaining a deep respect for its cultural heritage.One of the most fascinating aspects of contemporary Chinese culture is the way in which it has blended traditional and modern elements to create a unique and dynamic cultural landscape. The country's burgeoning creative industries, for example, have given rise to a new generation of artists, designers, and filmmakers who are reinterpreting and reimagining traditional Chinese motifs and themes in innovative and compelling ways. This fusion of old and new has helped to keep Chinese culture vibrant and relevant, ensuring that it remains a vital and integral part of the global cultural landscape.Of course, no discussion of China would be complete without a consideration of the country's immense diversity and the challenges it faces in balancing the needs and interests of its vast and varied population. From the ethnic minorities who have struggled to preserve their unique cultural identities to the ongoing debates over issues such as environmental protection and human rights, China is a country that is constantly grappling with complex and often contentious issues.Despite these challenges, however, China remains a country of immense promise and potential. With its rapidly growing economy, its burgeoning middle class, and its increasingly influential role on the global stage, China is poised to play an ever-greater role in shaping the future of our world. Whether it is through itstechnological innovations, its cultural exports, or its diplomatic and geopolitical influence, China is a country that will undoubtedly continue to capture the attention and imagination of people around the globe.In conclusion, China is a country that is rich in history, diverse in culture, and dynamic in its transformation. From its ancient traditions to its modern innovations, China offers a wealth of insights and experiences that are sure to captivate and inspire anyone who takes the time to explore this remarkable nation. Whether you are a student of history, a lover of the arts, or simply a curious traveler, there is something in China that is sure to capture your imagination and leave a lasting impression.。
关于中国的英语作文6年级下册
关于中国的英语作文6年级下册China, a vast country with a rich history and vibrant culture, stands as one of the oldest continuous civilizations in the world. Spanning over 9.6 million square kilometers and home to more than 1.4 billion people, China offers a unique blend of ancient traditions and modern advancements. This essay will explore various aspects of China, from its stunning landscapes to its deep-rooted cultural practices, providing a comprehensive view of this remarkable nation.China’s history is a tapes try of dynasties, each contributing to the country’s development and cultural heritage. The ancient dynasties, such as the Xia, Shang, and Zhou, laid the foundations of Chinese civilization. The Great Wall, a symbol of China’s historical strength, was buil t during the Qin Dynasty to protect against invasions. The Han Dynasty saw the expansion of the Silk Road, facilitating trade andcultural exchange between China and the West. Throughout these periods, China made significant contributions to art, science, and philosophy.Confucius, a philosopher during the Zhou Dynasty, emphasized ethics, family loyalty, and social harmony. His teachings have influenced Chinese society for centuries, promoting values that are still evident in modern China. The Tang and Song Dynasties are often regarded as the golden ages of Chinese culture, marked by advances in literature, painting, and ceramics.China’s diverse landscapes are among the most beautiful in the world. The country boasts a wide range of natural wonders, from the towering peaks of the Himalayas to the serene waters of the Yangtze River. The Guilin region is famous for its karst mountains and picturesque scenery, attracting artists and poets for centuries. The Huangshan, or YellowMountains, are known for their stunning granite peaks and hot springs, often shrouded in mist.In contrast, the vast Gobi Desert offers a stark yet captivating environment, with its shifting dunes and unique wildlife. The lush forests of Sichuan province are home to the endangered giant panda, a national treasure and symbol of wildlife conservation. Each of these natural wonders reflects the diverse topography and ecological richness of China.Chinese culture is a mosaic of traditions, festivals, and artistic expressions. One of the most significant cultural practices is the celebration of Chinese New Year, also known as the Spring Festival. This festival marks the beginning of the lunar new year and is celebrated with fireworks, dragon dances, and family reunions. The Lantern Festival, occurring on the fifteenth day of the new year, features vibrant lantern displays and traditional lion dances.Tea culture in China is another essential aspect of daily life and social interaction. The art of tea preparation and consumption, known as “gongfu cha,” involves a ceremonial process that highlights the flavors and aromas of the tea leaves. Tea houses, where people gather to enjoy tea and conversation, are common in many Chinese cities.Chinese cuisine is renowned for its diversity and complexity, with each region offering distinct flavors and dishes. The culinary traditions of China are deeply rooted in its history and geography. In the north, wheat-based foods like noodles and dumplings are prevalent, while the south is known for its rice dishes. Sichuan cuisine, famous for its bold and spicy flavors, uses ingredients like chili peppers and Sichuan peppercorns to create mouth-numbing sensations.Cantonese cuisine, on the other hand, emphasizes fresh ingredients and delicate flavors, with dishes like dim sum and roasted meats being particularly popular. The importance ofbalance and harmony in Chinese cooking is reflected in the use of contrasting textures and complementary flavors, making each meal a sensory experience.In recent decades, China has undergone rapid modernization and economic growth, transforming into a global powerhouse. Cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen are now bustling metropolises with impressive skylines and cutting-edge technology. The development of high-speed rail networks has revolutionized transportation, making travel across the vast country more efficient and accessible.China’s advancements in science and technology are also noteworthy. The country has made significant strides in space exploration, with successful missions to the moon and Mars. The rise of tech giants like Huawei and Alibaba highlights China’s influence in the global technology sector. Additionally, China’s commitment to green energy and environmentalsustainability is evident in its extensive use of solar power and investments in electric vehicles.China’s rich history, stunning natural landscapes, vibrant culture, and modern achievements make it a fascinating country to explore and understand. From the ancient traditions that have shaped its society to the innovative advancements driving its future, China remains a land of endless discovery and wonder. As the world becomes more interconnected, appreciating the unique aspects of Chinese culture and history is essential for fostering mutual respect and global harmony.。
初一下册英语unit6的作文
初一下册英语unit6的作文English:In Unit 6 of the first semester of the first year of junior high school English, we learned about different countries and their cultures. We studied countries such as China, the United States, Japan, and France, and explored their customs, traditions, and famous landmarks. Through this unit, I learned that each country has its own unique characteristics and customs, which make the world a diverse and interesting place. I enjoyed learning about the similarities and differences between these countries, and it has inspired me to travel and experience different cultures firsthand in the future.Chinese:在初一下册英语的第六单元中，我们学习了不同国家及其文化。
我们研究了中国、美国、日本和法国等国家，探讨了它们的习俗、传统和著名地标。
通过这个单元，我了解到每个国家都有独特的特点和风俗，这让世界成为一个多元和有趣的地方。
我喜欢了解这些国家之间的相似之处和不同之处，这启发了我未来旅行并亲身体验不同文化的想法。
了解中国的作文英语六下第六单元
了解中国的作文英语六下第六单元Understanding ChinaChina is a country with a rich history and a vibrant culture that has captivated people from all over the world. In order to truly understand China, one must delve into its past, explore its present, and ponder its future. This essay will delve into the different aspects of China, including its history, culture, economy, and modern society, in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of this vast and diverse country.One of the first things that comes to mind when thinking about China is its long and illustrious history. From the ancient dynasties to the modern republic, China has a history that dates back thousands of years. The country has experienced periods of great prosperity and innovation, as well as times of turmoil and upheaval. By studying China's history, one can gain insight into the forces that have shaped the country and its people.Another important aspect of China is its culture. Chinese culture is one of the oldest and most complex in the world, with a rich tradition of art, literature, music, and cuisine. Traditional Chinese values such as filial piety, harmony, and respect for authority continue to shape the country's society today. At thesame time, China is a country of great diversity, with different regions and ethnic groups contributing to the country's cultural tapestry.In the modern era, China has undergone rapid economic development and transformation. Since the reforms of the late 20th century, China has become one of the world's largest economies and a global economic powerhouse. The country has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty and has made significant advancements in technology, infrastructure, and innovation. However, China also faces challenges such as income inequality, environmental degradation, and social unrest as it continues to develop.Finally, China's modern society is a complex and dynamic mix of tradition and modernity. Urbanization, globalization, and social change have all had a profound impact on Chinese society in recent years. Major cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou are bustling metropolises with modern amenities and conveniences, while rural areas continue to struggle with poverty and lack of access to basic services. As China continues to modernize and urbanize, it is facing a host of social, political, and economic challenges.In conclusion, China is a country of great complexity and diversity, with a rich history, vibrant culture, powerful economy, and dynamic society. In order to truly understand China, one must look beyond the headlines and stereotypes and delve into the nuances of this fascinating country. By studying China's history, culture, economy, and modern society, one can gain a deeper appreciation of the forces that have shaped one of the world's oldest civilizations.。