What Is Translation

合集下载

汉英互译学生版-英汉部分

English-Chinese /English-Chinese TranslationWhat is translation?通俗的定义⏹《辞海》：把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来。

⏹《牛津英语词典》：在保留意义的情况下从一种语言转变成另一种语言。

⏹I love you. 我爱你。

⏹Who are you? 你是谁？⏹Today is Monday. 今天是星期一。

⏹One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.⏹一个和尚挑水喝，两个和尚抬水喝。

三个和尚没水喝⏹他见马克思去了。

⏹He passed away.Word has its meaning in context.上课了？⏹Sauna⏹Pizza⏹Nike⏹Maxwell house⏹Jazz⏹Olay⏹The senator picked up his hat and courage.⏹参议员拾起了帽子，也鼓起了勇气文艺学的定义⏹从文艺学的角度解释翻译，认为翻译是艺术创作的一种形式，强调语言的创造功能，讲究译品的艺术效果Translation is art.⏹My dear father has joined the heavenly choir.⏹My dear father has passed away.⏹My father has died.⏹My old man has just kicked the bucket.⏹升天、过世、死了、翘辫子海上升明月，天涯共此时⏹Rising is the bright moon above the sea,Arising harmonious feeling you and me.⏹A round bright moon above the sea, a faraway homesickness you and me⏹Above the sea, the bright moon is hanging.In our hearts, the nostalgia is feeling.⏹Day after day he came to his work-sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.Exercises影视片名的翻译transliteration 音译⏹Titanic⏹Mona Lisa⏹Hamletliteral translation 直译⏹My Fair Lady⏹The Graduate⏹Beauty and the Beast⏹Sleepless in Seattle⏹A Walk in the Clouds⏹Blood and Sand⏹The Silence of LampsFree translation 意译⏹Waterloo Bridge⏹Cloud Dancer⏹The Bathing Beauty⏹Gone with the Wind⏹The Red Shoes译名混乱⏹Ghost⏹Pretty Woman⏹Do the Right Thing⏹The House of the Spirits⏹The Sun Also RisesThe properties of translation⏹One servant, two masters⏹一仆二主Criteria of Translating⏹王佐良⏹一切照原作，雅俗如之，深浅如之，口气如之，文体如之。

英汉翻译复习材料

英汉翻译复习材料A New Coursebook On English-Chinese TranslationChapter One: Introduction of Translation1.1Definition1.1.1What is translation?1.1.2Translatability (可译性)1.1.3Translatability has limitations1.1.4Classification①intralingual translation & interlingual translation②interpretation & translation③Translation of literary works, of scientific materials ,of practical writing, of journalese(newspapers and magazines)④full text; extr acted; adapted translation1.2 Criterion of translation1.2.1 Criterion at home and abroad(1)严复的“信、达、雅”(faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance)(2) 钱钟书的“化境”(sublimation)(3) 傅雷的“神似”(similarity in spirit)(4) Alexander F. Tytler’s three principles of translation1.2.2 Basic criterion : faithfulness & smoothnessFaithfulness①Faithful to the original meaninge.g. 1. Jane does not work hard because she wants to earn money.误译：因为简想赚钱，所以才不下力干。

What Is Translation.ppt

What Is Translation?
• 什么叫翻译?广义地说它包括的范围很广，甚至可包括语言和非语言符号之间的转换。翻译是将某一语言活动的言语产物转换到另一语言中去。严格地说，翻译还应包括某一语言内不同变体间的转换，如将屈原的诗译成现代诗。
叶子南.《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》.北京：清华大学出版社，2008:p.3
• Translation:
1. the process of changing sth that is written or spoken into another language.
2. a text or work that has been changed from one language into another
冯庆华. 《实用翻译教程》. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2002：p.3
பைடு நூலகம்
What Is Translation Studies?
1.Translation studies is an interdiscipline containing elements of social science and the humanaties, dealing with the systematic study of the theory, the description and the application of translation,interpreting or both these activities.
Note that occasionally in English, writers will use the term translatology to refer to translation studies. However, the term translation studies has become implanted in English, whereas in French, it is la traductologie that is used. （From Wikipedia）

what is translation

……基于上述情况，乙方及其法定代表郑重承诺向甲方支付人民币_____元整。支付方法商定如下： …in consideration of the foregoing, party b shall, for itself and its legal representatives, promise to pay party a the sum of ----- rmb yuan in manner as follows, to wit：
1.what is translation? There is no exact definition of translation which is widely accepted as a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text. And a translation ought to be simple and able to say something as well in one language as in another. Importance/significance of translation.
• 3 for tourist publicity, where it is too often produced from the native into the “ foreign” language by natives as a matter of national pride;
4 for official documents, such as treaties and contracts;
• 3. SL culture Content items referring specifically to the SL cultures. (allusion, idiom, phrase, proverb)

英汉翻译基础知识

2. Joanna Stern had come to New York with a liberal arts degree from Boston University, which she discovered was not the key to the city.
3. The Pananmanian leader publicly insinuated that he possessed compromising information about Mr.Bush that was liable to harm his bid for the White House.
8. 生产多了，价格就稳定，甚至下降一点。（这两组例句可供学生尝试翻译并与原文进行对比，从而加深对英汉两种语言各自特征的认识。）
页面 15
2019/7/29
总结说明
对这两组例句进行对比，可以得出如下结论：
1 ．英语句子大多开门见山，搭起主谓空间结构（SV），形成句子主干（如句中划线部分所示），可参照下页英语句子的树式结构；汉语则不一定是主谓结构，如例（6）就属于“话题---说明”框架
页面 8
2019/7/29
汉英语言文化对比
页面 9
2019/7/29
1. 谱系(family)：汉语属于汉藏语系，英语属于印欧语系
2. 类型(type)：汉语是分析型（analytic）语言，其典型特征是没有屈折变化(inflection)，即汉语的词没有词性和词形的变化；英语是分析型和综合型(synthetic) 语言，有丰富的屈折变化形式。
页面 14
2019/7/29
再看一组汉语句子：
5．老关忙即跳下车去，摸摸腰间的勃郎宁，又向四下里瞥了一眼，就过去开了车门，站在门旁边。

英汉互译技巧-1

➢The act of reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style. (Nida)
f.增补表达时态的词语
I had imagined it to be merely a gesture of affection, but it seems it is to smell the lamb and make sure that it is her own. 原来我以为这不过是一种亲热的表示，但是现在看来这是为了闻一闻羊羔的味道，确定它是自己生的。
英汉翻译技巧
What is Translation?
➢Conversion of meaning from one language to another language.
➢The art of reproducing the author’s exact idea by means of another language from the original.
A stream was winding its way through the valley and into the river 一条溪流蜿蜒流过山谷，汇入江河。
e.增补语气助词
Don’t take it seriously. I个玩笑啦。
英汉词汇翻译—增补法 (英→ 汉)
1.增补语义上、修辞上需要的词语
g.增补表达复数的词语
He stretched his legs which were scattered with scars. 他伸出双腿，露出腿上的道道伤痕。

英译汉翻译基础理论教程

Chapter 1General Principles1.1What Is Translation?Translation is a rendering from one language into another, and is the faithful representation in one language of what is written or said in another language. So translation can be roughly defined as a reproduction or recreation。

Being a very complicated human activity, its whole picture is never easy to describe.Scholars with different academic backgrounds have attemted to define it from various perspectives .For example: The fan ,with its modern,elegant,bright and harmoniously,colored design,is an excellent electrical household appliance for cooling purpose on hot days.( 本电扇,款式新颖, 造型大方,色彩鲜艳, 色泽调和,是炎炎夏日用于消暑纳凉的家电精品.) 2,年近而立之年(He is getting on for thirty.); 3 一次得手,再次不愁. (If it worked once, it can work twice.)So translation is also a science, an art, a craft or skill. Translation mainly includes the following aspects: linguistic, cultural literary, semantic, functional and communicative views on it.1)Linguistic Views on TranslationTranslation theorists from the linguistic school conceive of translation as a linguistic activity and some believe that translation theory is a branch of linguistics.E.G.,He helps us finish the project in every field of their endeavor.2)Cultural View on TranslationIn the cultural approach, translation is regarded not only as a transfer of linguistic signs, but also as a communication of cultures, namely, “intercultural communication.”E. G.(1) There are many starred hotels in the city.(2) He has been to “summer resort.”(3) Here is a “folk customs park”.3) Literary Views on TranslationIt is an artistic recreation or recreated art.E. G.They also like to plant red pepper they know pretty well how to make full use of it, either in front of their doors or behind their houses. This is both practical and fine-looking.四川人食辣椒，也爱种植辣椒，门前屋后，见缝插针，既美观又饱口福。

Trans1

Translation Theory & Practice
Li Kesheng
Department of Foreign Languages, HTC 2013
What is Translation?
Examples:
我昨天买了十个杯子。
Examples:
我昨天买了十个杯子？
Examples:
Hale Waihona Puke Examples:Divorce is less culturally acceptable in a society that is family-oriented.
Conventional security measures emphasize behavior that is prohibited, and such measures are largely fearbased.

Translating means translating meaning.
Examples:
The sunset was magnificent with the intensity and brilliance.
Examples:

He stood with military straightness in his old uniform, his pistol in its worn holster, his battered scabbard smartly slapping his high boots, his tarnished spurs dully gleaming. (Gone With The Wind, Margaret Mitchell) I believe that both candidates should make it absolutely clear that they share a basic commitment to the success of the negotiations now taking place in Paris. Mr. Roy Wilkins said: “I definitely think we’re on our way to a national commitment to full social justice for Negro Americans.”

Translation绪论

玄奘: “五不翻”理论
ϒ
一秘密故不翻，“陀罗尼是”；二含义多故不翻，如“薄伽”，梵含六义故；三无此故不翻，如“阎浮树”；四顺古故，如“阿缛菩提”，非不可翻，而摩腾以来，常存梵音；五Байду номын сангаас生善故，如“般若”尊重，令人生敬， “智慧”轻浅，是故不翻。
ϒ Paramartha (also called Gunarata)
Unit 1 Introduction
1. What is translation?
ϒ 1. What is translation? ϒ Translation is a representation or recreation in
one language of what is written or said in another language. ϒ or : Translation is an activity of reproducing in one language the ideas which have been expressed in another language. ϒ (翻译是把一种语言所表达的思想用另一种语言重新翻译是把一种语言所表达的思想用另一种语言重新表达出来的活动) 表达出来的活动
徐光启
ϒ 译作：《几何原本》《测量法义》
《几何原本》利玛窦 “字字精金美玉，为千古不朽之作。” “欧人名著之入选中国，此其第一。” ——梁启超 ϒ 翻译思想：欲求超胜，必须会通，会通之前，先须翻译。
ϒ (4) In the Qing Dynasty (1644—1911A.D.) ϒ There were great translator like Yanfu and

Whatistranslation

The
Language is a special kind of social phenomenon, the development of every language is in a particular social and historical environment, so every language reflects the unique cultural phenomenon of the different language using country and nations during every period .
What is translation ?
speaker:林伶俐 Members:邓秋梅苏丹玲林文婧
The concept of translation in the dictionary : the process of changing something that is written or spoken into another language .(Oxford) Translation is rendering（表达，描绘） of ideas or concepts from one language into another, i.e., the faithful representation in the target language（被翻译的语言） of what is written or said in the original language. Translation is a science, an art, or a craft（技能） or skill. Scope of translation（翻译的性质和范围）: English to Chinese and vice versa; oral interpretation and written translation; Scientific materials and literary works, political essays and practical writing (official documents, contracts, notices, receipts, etc.)

《英语翻译》课件

2
Simplifying complex concepts
Explore strategies for translating complex technical concepts into clear and accessible language.
3
Ensuring accuracy and precision
Discover how cultural context affects the translation of idiomatic expressions.
鸟语花香
dar en el clavo
பைடு நூலகம்
Conveying humor and sarcasm in translation
Humor translation
History of translation
Explore the evolution of translation and how it has shaped communication throughout history.
Types of translation
Learn about different types of translation, including literary, technical, and legal translation.
3 Translating cultural nuances
Explore how to effectively translate cultural nuances and references in literature.
me ha dado envidia
2
Idiomatic challenges

换言之翻译理论

Chapter one: What is translation1. Eugene NidaTranslation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.Notes:l). Here, “equivalent” can not be taken as the “identity” of the source language.2). It is the message or information that is conveyed through translation not the formal structure of source language.3). Meaning is always the first consideration.4). Style is something that can not be ignored.Nida’s translation principle: Dynamic equivalence & Functional equivalenceNida: The translator is to produce as nearly possible the same effect on his reader as was produced on the reader of the original.2. Peter NewmarkTranslation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in other language. From the angle of contextual analysis, he put forward 2 translation approaches.(l) Semantic translationA translation in which the translator attempts within the bare syntactic and semantic constraints of the target language to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of the author .It tends to strive to reproduce the form of the original as closely as target language norms will allow .It focus primarily on the semantic content of the source text.(2) Communicative translationA term used to refer to any approach which views translation as a communicative process which takes place within a social context. It will generally oriented toward theneeds of the TL reader or recipient. It is also defined by Network as one of 2 methods of translation in which "the translator attempts to produce the same effect on the TL reader as was produced by the original on the SL readers.Eg. 巧媳妇做不出没米的粥Semantic translation: Even the cleverest house wife can not cook a meal without nice. Communicative translation: Even the cleverest house wife can not make bread without flour.3.Huang LongTranslation may be defined as the replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent textual material in another language.Chapter 2: What is translation theory about Translation theory’s main concern is to determine appropriate translation methods for the widest possibility of text or text-categories.It provides a framework of principle, restricted rules and hints for translation texts and criticizing translation a background for problem-solving.The theory demonstrates the possible translation procedures and the various arguments for and against the use of one translation rather than another in a particular context.Translation theory attempts to give some insight into the relation between thought, meaning and language, the universal cultural and individual aspects of language and behavior, the understanding of culture, the interpretation of texts that may be classified and even supplement by way of translation.Thus, translation theory covers a wide range of pursuits, attempts always to be useful, to assist the individual translator tools by stimulating him to write better and to suggest points of argument on common translation problems.Chapter Three: Types of translation 1. In terms of languagenative--foreign2. In terms of modeA. translationB. interpretationC. machine translation3. In terms of text genresA. scientific and technological translationB. news translationC. translation of practical writingD. translation of argumentative writing4. In terms of disposalA. Full-text translation全译B. Abridged translation摘译C. Adapted translation编译5. In terms of materialA. Intralingual translation语内翻译B. Interlingual translation语际翻译C. Intersemiotic translation符际翻译Chapter Four: Criteria of translation1.YanFu严复Faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance信，达，雅Faithfulness: the full and complete conveying of the original content and thought.Expressiveness: demands that the version should be clear and flowing without any grammatical mistakes or confused logic and sense，Elegance: refers to the use of classical Chinese before the Han Dynasty.2.Liu Chongde刘重德Faithfulness ,expressiveness .closeness 信，达，切Faithfulness: to be faithful to the content of the original.Expressiveness.to be as expressive and smooth as the original.Closeness: to be as close to the original style as possible.3.LuXun鲁迅A translation should be easy to understand and preserve the original flavour of the source text.Rather be faithful (in thought) than smooth (in language).宁信而不顺Liang Shiqiu梁实秋It is better to have a smooth version than a faithful one,4. FuLei傅雷Spiritual conformity/similarity in spiritTarget language should be similar to source language both in form and spirit.As to the effect, translation ought to be like copying a picture, the aim is not a resemblance of form but rather a semblance of spirit .5.Qian Zhongshu钱钟书Sublimed adaptation/sublimation化境The highest measure of literary translation) is transformation (化)A piece of writing taken from one language to another without showing strain inflicted by differences in language customs while perfectly preserving the original style can be said to be a transformation，6.Alexander Fraser Tyter 泰特勒三原则Essay on Principle of Translation:A. A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work,译作应完全复写原作的思想B. The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of theoriginal.译作风格，手法应和原作属同一性质C. A translation should have all the case of the original composition.译作应有原创作品的通顺A good translation is one which the merits of the original work is so completely transfused into another language as to be as distinctly apprehended and as strongly felt by a native of the country to which that language belongs as it is by those who speak the language of the original work.7. Two unanimously accepted criteriaA. Faithfulness忠实Faithfulness refers to be faithful not only to the original contents, to the original meaning and views, but also to the original form and style.B. Smoothness通顺Smoothness refers to not only easy and readable rendering, but also idiomatic expression in the target language, free from stiff formula and mechanical copying dictionaries.Eg, From there I could see the whole valley below, the field, the river, and the village, It was all very beautiful and the sight of it filled me with longings.从那里，我可以看到下面的整个山谷，田野，河流，村庄，这一切都非常美丽，见到后使我心里充满了渴望。

翻译理论与实践

相似句
1. He had made a box.他已经做好了一个箱子。 He had a box made. 他叫人做好了一个箱子。 2. Foolishly he spoke. 他竟然开口说话，实在很傻。 He spoke foolishly. 他说话很笨。 3. Quite properly he was punished.他受处分是理所当然的。 He was punished quite properly.他受到了恰当的处分。 4. We asked him to speak from his experience.我们请他根据自己的经验谈谈。 We asked him to speak about his experiences.我们请他谈谈自己的经历。
Federov: 等值翻译论 Translation should produce a version which may be read with as much pleasure as the original, and yet remain faithful to its spirit, sense and style. Nida: 动态对等论译文读者所得到的反应、影响和感受与原文读者读原文之所得大致相等。 Newmark: 文本中心论
相似句
9. He has no more than ten books. 他只有十本书。 He has not more than ten books.他最多十本书。
10. He is not a little afraid of it.他非常害怕。 He is not a bit afraid of it.他一点儿也不怕。 11. I didn’t go because I was afraid.我不是因为怕才去。 I didn’t go because I was afraid to.我没去，因为我不敢去。 12. She kept the house. 她看守那房子。 She kept house.她持家。

翻译概述

翻译是一种更换语言形式和转移信息内容（包括思想、意义、情感、修辞、文体、风格、文化乃至口吻等）的复杂的思维及表达过程。毛荣贵《新世纪大学英汉翻译教程》
2. Features of Translation
限制性与失真 “我向来总以为翻译比创作容易，因为至少是无须构思。但到真的一译，就会遇到难关，譬如一个名词或动词，写不出，创作时可以回避，翻译上可不成，也还得想，一直弄到头昏眼花，好像在脑子里摸一个急于要开箱子的钥匙，却没有。” ——鲁迅翻译必有 “失” 。 ——钱钟书
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Man proposes, God disposes. God help those who help themselves. 23. pull sb’s leg a walking skeleton beat about the bush move heaven and earth to hold one’s horses paint the lily have a bone in one’s throat be in the same boat 24. 他抢了我的饭碗。 He’s taken my job from me. He’s taken the bread out of my mouth.
25. 人家是醋罐子，她是醋缸，醋瓮。 They call jealous people “vinegar bottles”, don’t they? Well, she’s not just a bottle full of vinegar; she’s a storage-jar — a whole cistern full of it. 26. His mind misgave him about the result. 27. American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson. 28.Many Third World nations with high unemployment and low wages have seen an emigration of workers to the developed nations. 29. More chance seemed to determine who lived and who died.

翻译概论课件..

Yet, as it sometimes happens that a person departs his life, who is really deserving of the praise the stone cutter curves over his bones; who is a good Christian, a good parent, a good child, a good wife or a good husband.
run into debt 负债 run one’s head into a wall 撞南墙，碰壁 The idea runs in his mind. 这个念头萦绕在他的脑海里。 The street runs north. 大街向北延伸。 The news runs rapidly in the town. 这个消息迅速在镇上传开。
鲁迅：“真好像做苦工，日子不好过”、 “字典不离手，冷汗不离身”。傅雷：我译文的风格，令自己深以为苦，虽已尽全力，却永远达不到满意的完美程度……我尽量尝试译得忠于原文，而又不失艺术性，务使译文看来似中文创作，惜仍然力不从心。翻译之难，比起演奏家之演绎往昔大师的杰作，实在不遑多让。
英汉词法翻译
1.根据语境确定词义英语中一词多义、汉语中一字多义，这是常见的语言现象。这就需要我们依靠具体的上下文来判断某一个字或词语的意义。
right
And not only has won, but because it has won, has been in the right. Adj.正义的 Might is right. n.公理 She tried her best to right her husband from the charge of robbery. Vt.申冤 You are quite right to refuse. Adj. 正确的 All came right in the end. Adv. 顺利

What is translation

What is translation?According to Eugene Nida, “translation consists of reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, firstly in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style” briefly speaking, translation is the communication of meaning from one language to another language, and strives to reserve the similar style of the original text. if we delve into the nature of translation, it can be seen as a science, an art, a craft or skill.据尤金·奈达(Eugene Nida)说，“翻译包括在受体语言中再现最接近于源语言信息的自然对等物，首先是从意义上，其次在风格上”，简单地说，翻译是一种语言到另一种语言的意义交流，并力求保留原文的相似风格。

如果我们深入研究翻译的本质，就可以看出它是。

一门科学，一门艺术，一门工艺或技能。

First, when referred to a subject of curriculum, translation is a science, just as any subject is, with its own rules. It involves thinking and languages, and reflects the relationship between existence and cognition. Such relationship can be described with the rule-governed language, so that the translator can abide by scientific rules in his translation.首先，翻译是一门学科，就像任何学科一样，它涉及思维和语言，反映了存在与认知的关系，这种关系可以用规则支配的语言来描述，这样译者就可以在翻译中遵守科学的规则。