The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb

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09 My Friend, Albert Einstein

He was one of the greatest scientists the world has ever known, yet if I had to convey the essence of Albert Einstein in a single word, I would choose simplicity. Perhaps an anecdote will help. Once, caught in a downpour, he took off his hat and held it under his coat. Asked why, he explained, with admirable logic, that the rain would damage the hat, but his hair would be none the worse for its wetting. This knack for going instinctively to the heart of a matter was the secret of his major scientific discoveries---this and his extraordinary feeling for beauty. I first met Alert Einstein in 1935, at the famous Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, N.J. He had been among the first to be invited to the Institute, and was offered carte blanche as to salary. To the director’s dismay, Einstein asked

Atomic bombs on japan

• On August 6, 1945, the United States used a massive, atomic weapon against Hiroshima, Japan. This atomic bomb, the equivalent of 20,000 tons of TNT, flattened the city, killing tens of thousands of civilians. While Japan was still trying to comprehend this devastation three days later, the United States struck again, this time, on Nagasaki.
Atomic bombs on Japan
People’s opinions about the US to drop atomic bombs on Japan
Supportive:
1.It accelerated the war to an end and thus prevented further destruction. 2.It saved the lives of civilians in other countries which were invaded by Japan. 3.Ending the war quickly would return soldiers ,including Japanese soldiers ,to them homes to start a normal life again. 4.It punished the Japanese government for its evil deeds

广岛和长崎的英语作文

广岛和长崎的英语作文Hiroshima and Nagasaki。

August 6th and 9th of 1945 are two dates that will forever be ingrained in the memory of the world. These are the dates when the United States dropped atomic bombs onthe Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, respectively. The bombings resulted in the deaths of over 200,000 people, most of whom were innocent civilians. The events that ledup to the bombings, as well as the aftermath, have been the subject of much debate and controversy.The bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were the culmination of a long and bloody war between Japan and the Allied Powers. By August of 1945, Japan was on the brink of defeat. The country had suffered heavy losses in battles throughout the Pacific and was facing a blockade that was crippling its economy. Despite this, the Japanese government refused to surrender, insisting on fighting to the bitter end.It was in this context that the United States made the decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan. The bombs, which were the most powerful weapons ever created at the time, were seen as a way to end the war quickly and decisively, without having to invade Japan and suffer even more casualties.The first bomb, which was dropped on Hiroshima on August 6th, killed an estimated 140,000 people. The second bomb, dropped on Nagasaki three days later, killed another 70,000. The bombs caused massive destruction, leveling entire neighborhoods and leaving behind a trail of death and devastation.In the aftermath of the bombings, there was much debate over whether or not they were justified. Some argued that the bombings were necessary to end the war and save lives, while others saw them as unnecessary and morally reprehensible. The debate continues to this day, with no easy answers.What is clear, however, is that the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki had a profound impact on the world. They ushered in a new era of nuclear weapons, one that has been marked by fear and uncertainty. They also raised important questions about the ethics of war and the use of force.In the end, the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki remind us of the terrible cost of war and the importance of pursuing peace. They serve as a powerful reminder of the need for diplomacy and dialogue, and the importance of finding peaceful solutions to even the most difficult of problems.。

大学英语第三版第四册1,2,5,6,7,8,10单元课后词汇题答案

第一单元1. A __________ person thinks before speaking and considers the feelings of others.2. The library is closing. We __________ go home.3. I'd like to __________ the fact that there is some sense after all in the speaker's nonsense.4. Harry has a vivid imagination; he can make up __________ stories.5. Although Margie was swimming so well, she failed to win the first prizeand had to __________ the second.6. I'm quite determined to have the thing finished and __________ before leaving the office.7. __________ sports are recommended to young adults to prepare themfor the __________ world of college and business.8. It __________ me to admit that I was such a fool as to repeat the mistake.9. My boss paid me and added a __________ for the new customers I had signed up.10. A soldier should never __________ from the duty of defending hiscountry even in the face of certain death.11. Due to exceptionally bad weather, the ship arrived late and the__________ of goods was not on time.12. My wife was rather embarrassed when she __________ some of ourguests say they didn't like the meal she'd cooked for them.13. People in my hometown tend to eat more __________ food on hotsummer days presumably because it could help quench their thirst |(解渴)|.14. In the United States it is quite easy to find a place __________, but thehigh cost keeps many young people away.15. The professor was reluctant to stop grading the __________ of paperson her desk, but she was really too tired to read on.16. Bacteria __________ themselves by splitting into two.1) thoughtful 2) m ight as well/may as well/could as well 3) draw your attention to 4) m arvelous 5) settle for 6) done with 7) Com petitive competitive 8) pains/pained 9) bonus 10) shrink 11) delivery 12) overheard 13) sour 14) for rent 15) stack 16) reproduce1.A visiting scholar _______ how long it would take a Chinese factory worker to save up for a refrigerator.2. The general manager's telegram ______ the Seattle branch when he wasdue to arrive at the city.3. Conditions in the hospital were ______ . The place was falling apart andit was understaffed.4. At first the man demanded two hundred dollars for the used bike buteventually he had to _______ half that amount.5. One of the greatest problems facing the 21st century will be what to dowith all the _______produced in the world.6. The man ______ he'd been drinking with friends at the time of the murder,but the police were still suspicious.7. _______ farmers welcome the rainy seasons, but if there is too much rain, the flood will destroy the crops.8. It may be ______ to learn to drive an automobile but many new drivers are afraid to drive on crowded city streets until they have more experience.9. An unpleasant task like this needs to _______ as quickly as possible.10. The new test should *make* doctors *able* to detect the disease early.11. I think I _______ to know why I was fired.12. Peter has been away from Rockford for _______, so he knows nothingabout what happened there recently.1) inquired 2) inform ed 3) awful 4) settle for 5) trash 6) claim ed 7) Norm ally 8) a piece of cake 9) be done with 10) enable 11) am entitled 12) quite a while第二单元1. The changes in the firm's policy will have to be __________ if they are tohave any effect on its future.2. Last month I __________ 50 yuan in my savings account, but this monthI had to draw 200 to pay for the mp3 player.3. State financial support given __________ scholarships has stimulated the students to greater efforts.4. If you spare half an hour for exercises every day you'll soon be back5. The US dollar fell yesterday against most foreign __________.6. A country should protect its natural __________ by fighting against waste.7. You can increase a tyre's grip in winter by slightly __________ its pressure.8. Scientists first __________ the idea of the atomic bomb in the 1930s.9. __________ is a basic component of music and language.rge amounts of food imports placed a great strain |(沉重负担)| on thecountry's gold __________.11. When we're together all he talks about is business. I wish he were more __________.12. The first quarter results reflect continued improvements in __________.13. The teacher tried to encourage her students to become less __________on her because she knew they would sooner or later have to take care of themselves.14. Every country considers its __________ affairs to be its own responsibility.1) fundam ental 2) deposited 3) in the form of 4) in good condition/in condition 5) currencies 6) resources 7) lowering 8) conceived 9) Rhythm10) reserve11) rom antic 12) productivity 13) dependent 14) internal1. You should have thanked your uncle for the gift without being reminded.You must learn to behave more like a ______ man.2. If the run on the bank |(向银行挤提存款)| continues, its cash ______ will soon be exhausted3. It is convenient to have a checking account, but you must remember to *put* enough money *in the bank* to cover the checks that you write to settle your accounts.4. Is the Japanese ______ still among the strongest in the world?5. Billy's parents encouraged him to save his money. Hence, he has _______ funds to travel before he starts college.6. This book is on the_______principles of banking.7. The Chinese nation has _______ many national heroes and revolutionary leaders.8. As the children filed into the classroom, Miss Lincoln was ______ surprised at their quiet behavior.9. If the right kind of extracurricular activities are organized, those children who have ______of energy will have a chance to develop their talents much more quickly.10. The final result of the experiment hardly justifies the amount of time andenergy that has been ______.11. This clause in the contract is a necessary _______ against our losing money on the deal.12. It's hard to _______ what the world will be like in a hundred years from now.1) mature 2) reserve 3) deposit/deposit enough m oney 4) currency 5) am ple 6) fundam ental 7) given birth to 8) som ewhat 9) an excess 10) expended 11) safeguard 12) conceive第五单元1. Her suggestion may sound reasonable to you, but ______ everybody else I'm afraid it may seem ridiculous.2. Some doctors believe it is ________ to tell dying patients the truth abouttheir condition because they may become so distressed as to commit suicide.3. We note with satisfaction that all these activities have helped to ________ mutual understanding and friendship between our two countries.4. ________ the belief of some doctors, even very old and sick people want to know the details of their illness so that they can prepare for death in their own special way.5.________ in government is not tolerated in any country that wants to achieve rapid economic growth and improve the life of its citizens.6. Mary ________ her friends by going back on her words.7.The author ________ the first chapter of his book ________ by giving a brief account of the advances science has made since liberation.8.In that accident, Julian __________ her own life to help a disabled woman.9.It pays ________ to introduce new techniques.10.Mrs. Queen gave us a ________ account of what had happened; that'swhy we no longer believe in the sincerity of her utterances.11.In every country parents always remember the first time their child ________ the word "Mama" or "Dad".12.________ the oral English class was noisy, with everyone participating inan activity at the same time, but at others, the class just sat there and didn't say anything.1) in …eyes 2) brutal 3) prom ote 4) Contrary to 5) Corruption 6) betrayed 7) brings … to a close 8) risked 9) in the long run 10) distorted 11) utters 12) At tim es1.It was clear enough that they would not continue to ______ the old lady's rudeness.2.Mrs. Anderson ________ to keep her son from getting mixed up in such dreadful things.3.The new machine _______useless by mishandling.4. Mr. Pope has lost his good reputation _______ his friends as a result of the scandal.5. The runaway *kept* his identity *secret* by wearing a mask and sunglasses.6. When the children saw their father come back from the coal mine, theycould hardly ______ crying because they were so happy to know he was unhurt in the terrible accident.7.The two policemen, who rushed to the scene the minute they received the report, asked many questions _______ the accident.8. Jimmy realized before it was too late that excessive drinking would _______ his health.9. It is easy to _______ bad habits but very difficult to break away from them.10.Full time welfare officers are able to offer ______advice to the needy onlegal matters and housing.11. He greatly resented the publication of this book, which he thought ______ his privacy.12. The birds also attack crops when the opportunity _______.13. He thanked them for the hospitality and _______.14. I found the newspaper job rather boring; it had me doing the same thing ______.15. Peers (|同龄人|) working together can *reduce* the pain of someschoolwork *to the smallest possible degree*, while promoting learning and cooperation.1) tolerate 2) went to great lengths 3) was rendered4) in the eyes of / in his friends’ eyes 5) concealed 6) refrain from7) concerning 8) injure 9) slip into 10) professional 11) invaded 12) arises 13) took his leave 14) day after day 15) m inimize第六单元1. Months of training were a necessary _________ to the championship bout |(拳击锦标赛)|.2. It's important that everyone on the project keeps to the _________.3. Seeing that they were very busy then, we took our leave very quickly lestwe should _________.4. Applications should be addressed to the committee and not to _________.5. The teacher singled out Jennifer for special praise, for she was good atwriting short, clear sentences arranged in logical _________.6. A special commission will be set up within three months to study thequestion of how to _________ historical houses in the city.7. Her appearance isn't _________ to whether she can be a good teacher.</Question>8. It is not very easy to _________ yourself into a society whose culture is so different from your own.9. So graceful was the dancer that she just seemed to _________ over the floor.10. The ultimate object of scientific _________ is to discover the laws of nature.11. The driver was still _________ when the ambulance arrived at the scene of the accident.12. Despite _________ pain, he refused all drugs.13. _________, her husband figured out that she was still bitter about hisrecent behaviour in spite of the apparently cheerful tone of the letter.<14. Owning _________ books is useless unless you read them15. My aunt almost fainted when she was told that what she bought at avery high price was not the _________ drawing, but just a copy of it.1) prelude 2) schedule 3) be in the way/get in the way 4) individuals 5) sequence 6) preserve 7) relevant 8) integrate 9) glide 10) inquiry 11) conscious12) continual 13) Reading between the lines 14) sets of 15) original1. We stopped for a coffee break and ______ working fifteen minutes later.2. As a precaution the old man ______ his will from the drawer to the safe.3. How many television sets are _______in your factory each year?4. I _______ my coat but didn't take it off.5. This caféis almost ______empty; I don't know how they manage to make a profit.6. Arthur *recorded* the story as told *in writing* without difficulty.7. Unable to ______ himself, he tore the phone from his wife's hand, thenfrom the socket (插座), and threw it across the room.8. No wonder he didn't get a bonus. He is ______ the slowest worker I have ever seen.9. A swan _______across the surface of the lake.10. While in Cairo I stayed at the Ramses Hilton that commands a ______view of the city.11. We are positive that this trade agreement will ______ the developing world.12. The scientific approach to a problem *lies* first of all *in* collectingas much data as possible.1) resum ed 2) transferred 3) m anufactured 4) loosened 5) invariably 6) set down 7) restrain 8) literally 9) glided10) m agnificent 11) do good to 1 2) consists ... in第七单元1. The nurse on duty hurried to Mr. Spenser's ward __________ his bell.2. __________ its mother, the little child stopped crying and toddled to meet her.3. The football players were trying to make an __________ on the national coach.4. Banks have to think of ways of making long-term savings more__________ to individuals and businesses.5. Though he had done a day's hard work, he said he wasn't __________ tired.6. Mr. David is __________ knitting his brows whenever he concentrates ona difficult problem.7. Mother always taught me to be thrifty and not to live __________.8. Fruit is best and cheapest when it is __________.9. All of a sudden the train jerked to a stop and in the same __________everyone on the train knew that something must have gone wrong. 10. We would have succeeded in fulfilling the task ahead of schedule ifthe weather __________ not __________ our plan.11. The two kidnappers __________ him into the back of a jeep and then drove off at full speed.12. The night was very dark, and suddenly a __________ of lightning lit the sky.13. The Browns were very __________ to us when we visited Chicago in thesummer of 1995. They showed us around most of the city.14. Ways must be found to __________ our children a decent start in life.15. In some countries, the constitution __________ the military use of nuclear energy.1) in answer to 2) Catching sight of 3) im pression 4) attractive5) in the least 6) in the habit of 7) beyond m y m eans 8) in season9) instant 10) had … taken a hand in 11) thrust 12) flash13) hospitable 14) assure 15) forbids1. Left to themselves, those flood victims would not have been able to ______.2. The theme of that traditional Chinese opera is the terrible fate of ayoung scholar and a beautiful lady who fall in love with each other _______.3. There has been a ______ change in his life as well as in his country eversince he left home for France in the 1960s.4. I asked if I could use his car. "_______, " he replied.5. The woman sitting in front of me turned to ______ the man on my left asthe curtain fell on the second act.6. I have the impression that many language teachers _______ talk too much.7. If Jim's father had known that he was going to the gambling house, hewould *not* have *allowed* him to go out.8. I felt tempted to ________that the matter was none of his business.9. Having been forbidden entry, I _______ change my plans.10. When the magnificent mountains came into view at last, everyone________with relief, and with pleasure as well.11. The room was hot and ______ her eyes grew heavy and she felt sleepy.12. The asparagus was ______and delicious but it cost as much aseverything else on the table combined.1) keep body and soul together 2) at first sight 3) dram atic 4) By all m eans 5) address 6) are inclined to 7) would have forbidden8) retort 9) was obliged to 10) sighed 11) presently 12) tender第八单元1. Some teachers claim that _________ is necessary for children to be ableto learn in school but others do not feel that leisure activity is all that important.2. In order to _________ the economy, the government has worked hard tolower the rate of inflation.3. _________, the problem may seem far too involved but it can certainlybe solved when seriously dealt with.4. There is no commercial excuse for hunting an endangered _______,such as the whale, out of existence.5. _________or artificial fibers (纤维) such as nylon (尼龙) are not aspopular nowadays as natural fibers like wool or cotton.6. The book is too difficult for the children. We are trying to _________ it.7. The film _________ to light. How can you expect the photographs to develop?8. It seems to me that the Americans are a highly _________ people. Mostof them like to travel whenever they get the chance.9. The _________ of living underground may not be attractive to peoplewho can not stand being away from natural sunlight.10. "Did you say you agreed with him?" "Yes, but _________, I didn't make any commitment."11. As these vases are handmade, each one _________ slightly.12. After such a long delay the house was finally ready for _________.1) recreation 2) stabilize 3) At first thought 4) species 5) Manm ade 6) sim plify 7) has been exposed 8) m obile 9) convenience10) m ind you 11) varies 12) occupation1. It's healthy for children to play _______.2. Fred was such a good friend that he had _______ become a member of the family.3. You can't see through a telescope unless it ______ to your sight.4. The lecture began _______ in spite of the power cut-off.5. ________ intelligence or computerized intelligence is one of the mostpopular subjects on today's college campuses.6. Writing a history book _______ a lot of research work.7. In his famous song "Imagine" John Lennon of the Beatles sin gs that______ there will be peace for the entire world.8. Her first ______ in this field were setting up a subcommittee to deal withoperational (运作上的) problems.9. ________ , I am responsible for breaking the glass case. It's not solely Tom's fault.10. The breakdown of the transportation system *left* them *no* fuel to heat their homes.11. Standing under the scorching sun, he was sweating from the ________ heat.12. ▲Colleges are not always ________ to the needs of society so they need reform from time to1) in the open 2) virtually 3) is adjusted 4) on the stroke 5) Artificial6) entails 7) som eday 8) endeavors 9) To a certain extent10) deprived … of 11) intense 12) geared第十单元1. Dana came back from her holiday with __________ strength anddecided to go on with the experiment.2. Mary is as vain as a peacock and always wants to be the __________ of attention.3. Timothy's letters indicate that he loved his daughter and __________ her and her work.4. Jim had to __________ all his strength to pull the drowning man out of the river.5. Jane experienced a loss of __________ after giving up her career to get married.6. Like food, fuel, etc., water is a basic __________ of life.7. The speaker talked about law in general and about international law __________.8. In a sense, the goal of education is to help every student to realize their __________.9. Our organization seeks to improve the social __________ of disabledpeople by providing them with better employment opportunities.10. The hall did not have the __________ for such a large number of peopleso we had to look for a larger auditorium.11. Thomas Jefferson argued that the greatest __________ you can maketo your country is to preserve freedom by continuing your education and taking care that your children receive the highest level of education possible.12. When Albert got a position in London all of his friends __________ himbecause the job would offer him more opportunities to go abroad. 13. If you feel you have any cause for __________ about the service youcan call the head office of the company.14. In the __________ of any substantial evidence, the suspect was found not guilty.15. Therapies (疗法) like acupuncture(针灸)do work and many patientshave been __________ by them.1) renewed 2) focus 3) took pride in 4) exert 5) identity6) necessity 7) in particular 8) potential 9) status 10) capacity11) contribution 12) envied 13) complaint 14) absence 15) healed1. The contribution Shakespeare made to the world of literature is_______ .2. _______ , what he said at the meeting is true except that a few figureshe quoted are not very reliable.3. A ______ amount of research shows that people tend to become boredwhen faced with a situation in which they must do the same thing day in and day out.4. The weekend ______ at the hotel were not as efficient as the regularweekday _______so many of the customers complained to the managerabout the bad service.5. _______ his savings, he has an income of $20,000 a year.6. I'm afraid the problems you mention are ______ the system; to get rid ofthem we'd have to change the whole arrangement.7. Improved consumer confidence is _______ to an economic recovery.8. Every ______ of our lives is affected by our jobs, including such thingsas where we live, what we eat and the company we keep.9. The Los Angeles riots (骚乱) ______ the bitterness between the blackand the white communities in the city.10. Galileo _______ that objects of different weights fall at the same speed.11. The ______ of the report is on how technology affects human life rather than business.12. Although he knows well the _______ effects of smoking he never tries to give it up.1) unique 2) On the whole 3) significant 4) staff … staff 5) Aside from6) inherent in 7) crucial 8) aspect 9) reflected 10) dem onstrated 11) focus 12) harmful。

最差的发明作文400字左右

最差的发明作文400字左右The worst invention in human history must be the atomic bomb.人类历史上最糟糕的发明一定是核弹。

The destruction caused by atomic bombs is unparalleled.原子弹造成的破坏是前所未有的。

They have the power to wipe out entire cities in a matter of seconds. 它们有能力在几秒钟内摧毁整个城市。

The devastation they bring is not limited to the initial blast, but also includes the long-term effects of radiation.它们带来的破坏不仅仅限于初始爆炸，还包括辐射的长期影响。

The survivors of atomic bombings suffer from physical and psychological trauma for the rest of their lives.原子弹爆炸的幸存者终身饱受身心创伤。

Cities like Hiroshima and Nagasaki are haunting reminders of the horrors unleashed by these weapons.广岛和长崎等城市是这些武器所带来的恐怖的令人不安的提示。

The use of atomic bombs during World War II scarred not only the physical landscape but also the collective memory of humanity.二战期间使用原子弹不仅烙下了身体上的伤痕，也烙印在人类的集体记忆中。

The decision to drop atomic bombs on civilian populations remains a controversial topic to this day.在平民人口上投下原子弹的决定到今天仍然是一个有争议的话题。

新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读b原文翻译unit-10

Unit 10 Is Science Dangerous? Uite10课文译文科学危险吗？Lewis Wolpert 刘易斯·沃尔珀特Does society need protecting from scientific advances? Most emphatically not, so long as scientists themselves and their employers are committed to full disclosure of what they know.人类社会需要保护以抵挡科学发展带来的危险吗？当然不需要，只要科学家及其雇主们致力于公开他们所知道的一切详情。

1. The idea that knowledge is dangerous is deeply embedded in our culture. Adam and Eve were forbidden to eat from the biblical Tree of Knowledge, and in Milton’s Paradise Lost the ser pent addresses the Tree as the ―Mother of Science‖. The archangel Raphael advises Adam to be ―lowly wise‖when he tries to question him about the nature of the Universe. Indeed, Western literature is filled with images of scientists meddling with nature, with disastrous results. Scientists are portrayed as a soulless group, unconcerned with ethical issues.1．知识是危险的这一观念在我们的文化中根深蒂固。

Unit 2 Hiroshima

1. HiroshimaHiroshima lies on the delta at the head of Hiroshima Bay, an arm of the Inland Sea. It is the capital of Hiroshima prefecture and the chief industrial and population center of the Chugoku region.中国地区Hiroshima began as a settlement around a castle built in 1593 by thefeudal lord Terumoto Mori毛利輝元. The castle took the name Hiroshima ("Broad Island") from its location in the Ota River delta.濑户内海In time, bridges provided access to the delta, and today more than 80 of them connect the city's six delta islands with one another and with the mainland.Hiroshima owes its early development to its position on the key land and water routes between central Honshu本州and the island of Kyushu.九州The Asano 浅野family, who controlled the Hiroshima area throughout most of theTokugawa 德川家族period (1603-1867),promoted the city's trade and encouraged the establishment of industries.After the Meiji Restoration (1868), 明治维新Hiroshima expanded as a modern transportation and industrial center. Major port facilities were completed by 1889, and five years later the city was linked with Kobe神户and Shimonoseki 下关by rail. Coal from northern Kyushu and from foreign sources supplied Hiroshima's iron and steel industry, whose products in turn were utilized in a growing engineering industry, notably in shipbuilding and the manufacture of cars and trucks. Rayon and paper were manufactured from local timber.By the beginning of World War II, Hiroshima was the 7th largest city in Japan, with a population of 350,000. During the war it was a regional army headquarters as well as a major rail center and producer of war materials.In early July, on his way to Potsdam, Truman had re-examined the decision to use the bomb. In the end, Truman made the decision to drop the atomic bombs on Japan. His stated intention in ordering the bombings was to bring about a quick resolution of the war by inflicting destruction and instilling fear of further destruction in sufficient strength to cause Japan to surrender.1) (During World War Two) The U. S. wanted to limit its own casualties by forcing Japan to surrender as quickly as possible.2) At the Yalta Conference in Feb. 1945, the Soviet Union secretly agreed to join the war against Japan within three months of Germany’s surrender. The U.S. wanted to force Japan to surrender before the Soviet Union could enterthe war to secure a stronger political position after the war.3) The U.S. wanted to apply the weapon in war to measure its effectiveness.4) Japan’s stealthy surprise attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941 led to the action of revenge of dropping the A-bomb in Hiroshima.At 8:15 a. m. on August 6, 1945, the first atomic bomb was exploded over a point near the centre of Hiroshima, destroying almost everything within a radius of 6, 000 to 8, 000 feet (1,830--2,450 meters). The damage beyond this area was considerable, and over 71, 000 people were killed instantly. Many more later died of injuries and the effects of radiation. Survivors are still dying of leukemia 白血病, pernicious anemia 恶性贫血病, and other diseases induced by radiation. Almost 98% of the buildings were destroyed or severely damaged.(Note: Little Boy is the name given by the American government to the first bomb to be dropped over Hiroshima. )The Japanese dedicated post-war Hiroshima to peace. The ruins of the Institute of Industrial Development, with its warped dome, were preserved as asymbol of the terror of destruction.Peace Park, which was laid out nearby, includes a cenotaph memorializing the victims and a museum housing relics of the holocaustA special hospital built in Hiroshima treats people suffering from exposure to radiation and conducts research into its effects.Every August 6 since 1947, thousands participate in interfaith services in the Peace Memorial Park built on the site where the bomb exploded. In 1949 the Japanese dedicated Hiroshima as an international shrine of peace. After the war, the city was largely rebuilt, and commercial activities were resumed. Machinery,automobiles, food processing, and the brewing of Sake日本清酒are the main industries. The surrounding area, although mountainous, has fertile valleys where silk, rice, and wheat are produced. Population (1990) 1,085,705.The city now is an important producer of iron and steel, motor vehicles, tractors, ships, machinery, sewing needles, paper, textiles, and food products. Supplement:Representative enterprise:Place of interests: Itsukushima jinja(shrine)严岛神社主要祭奉的日本古传说中的三位海洋女神Hiroshima castlespecial local cuisine: oystereel riceOkonomiyaki (Japanese-style fried cake)City flower: oleander 夹竹桃Annual/yearly memorial activity: at the monument, many people will gather to memorize the victims, bringing the flowers and thousand paper crane,heavingthe dove of peace (pigeon)The relationship with China: in 1986, Hiroshima became the sister (friendship)city with ChongqingSong: Hiroshima Mon Amour。

浙江省台州名校联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期12月联考试题英语含答案

2023学年第一学期台州名校联盟试题高三年级英语学科（答案在最后）考生须知：1．本卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟；2．答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写学校、班级、姓名、试场号、座位号及准考证号;3．所有答案必须写在答题卷上，写在试卷上无效；4.考试结束后，只需上交答题卷。

选择题部分第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。

第一节（共5个小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1.What are the speakers probably talking about?A.The bike price.B.A bike race.C.The man’s bike.2.Why has the woman moved the boy’s seat?A.He talks too much.B.He has trouble in listening.C.She wants to see him better.3.When did the man get his niece’s call?A.At6:05.B.At6:00.C.At5:45.4.What does the man think is most needed to succeed?A.Effort.B.Luck.C.Talent.5.Where does the conversation probably take place?A.At home.B.In a shop.C.In a restaurant.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

核弹的密秘历程观后感作文

核弹的密秘历程观后感作文英文回答：The Secret History of the Atomic Bomb is a gripping documentary that delves into the complex and controversial history of the development and use of nuclear weapons. It meticulously chronicles the scientific breakthroughs, political decisions, and ethical dilemmas that shaped the creation of the atomic bomb, providing a comprehensive understanding of this pivotal moment in human history.The documentary effectively juxtaposes the staggering scientific ingenuity that led to the bomb's developmentwith the profound ethical questions it raised. Ithighlights the immense destructive power of nuclear weapons, exploring the devastating consequences of their use on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The film also delves into the political motivations and strategic calculations that influenced the decision to drop the bombs, offering a nuanced perspective on the complexities of war and thehuman cost of conflict.Through interviews with historians, scientists, and eyewitnesses, The Secret History of the Atomic Bomb sheds light on the motivations and experiences of those involved in the development and deployment of these weapons. It humanizes the story, reminding us that the decisions made during this time had far-reaching implications for generations to come.While the documentary provides a comprehensive overview of the history of nuclear weapons, it also raises important questions about the future of nuclear disarmament. It explores the ongoing debates surrounding nuclear proliferation, nuclear deterrence, and the potential consequences of nuclear war.Overall, The Secret History of the Atomic Bomb is an essential viewing for anyone interested in nuclear history, international relations, or the ethics of warfare. It is a thought-provoking and sobering examination of the devastating power of nuclear weapons and the urgent needfor continued efforts towards global nuclear disarmament.中文回答：《核弹的密秘历程》是一部引人入胜的纪录片，深入探讨了核武器研制和使用的复杂且有争议的历史。

AtomicBombofNagasaki长崎原子弹

Atomic Bomb of Nagasaki
CONTECT
目录
[ PART ONE]
The reason for dropping the atomic bomb
[ PART TWO]
The process of dropping an atomic bomb
[ PART THREE]
The results of dropping atomic bombs
PART ONE
Japan did not immediately agree to the Potsdam ultimatum, which meant unconditional surrender. The Japanese government tried to cover up the fact that a meteorite had fallen on Hiroshima. The Japanese government believed that the us army had only one atomic bomb and pinned its hopes on Soviet mediation. But the answer Japan got from the Soviet leaders was: 'Japan is still fighting and refusing to accept the Potsdam proclamation, so it is impossible for the Japanese government to ask the Soviet union to mediate.' The Soviet government complied with its obligations to the United Nations, accepted its demands and declared war on Japan from August 9. At 11 a.m. on the day of the Soviet invasion, the United States dropped its second atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan.

原子弹制备方法

原子弹制备方法The production of atomic bombs is a highly sensitive and controversial topic. 原子弹的制备是一个极其敏感和有争议的话题。

Due to the destructive power of these weapons, the methods for their production are closely guarded by governments around the world. 由于这些武器的破坏力，各国政府都对其生产方法进行严密保护。

From a technical perspective, the process of creating an atomic bomb involves enriching uranium or plutonium, and then assembling the critical mass needed to initiate a nuclear chain reaction. 从技术角度来看，制造原子弹的过程包括浓缩铀或钚，然后组装所需的临界质量以引发核链反应。

This process requires highly specialized knowledge and equipment, making it difficult for non-state actors to acquire the necessary materials and expertise. 这个过程需要高度专业的知识和设备，使得非国家行为者难以获取必要的材料和专业知识。

The ethical implications of developing and using atomic bombs are also a significant consideration. 开发和使用原子弹的伦理影响也是一个重要的考虑因素。

(英文)不该在日本投原子弹——辩论观点

Those who oppose the bombings argue it was simply an extension of the already fierce conventional air raids on Japan[4] and, therefore, militarily unnecessary,[5] inherently immoral, a war crime, or a form of state terrorism.[6] At least one historian (Tsuyoshi Hasegawa) states that the Soviet declaration of war on Japan had more of an effect than the two nuclear bombings.
Supporters of the bombings generally assert they caused the Japanese surrender, preventing massive casualties on both sides in the planned invasion of Japan: Kyūshū was to be invaded in October 1945 and Honshū five months later. It was thought Japan would not surrender unless there was an overwhelming demonstration of destructive capability.[3]
On 26 July 1945, the United States President Harry S. Truman, United Kingdom Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Chairman of the Chinese Nationalist Government Chiang Kai-shek issued the Potsdam Declaration, which outlined the terms of surrender for the Empire of Japan as agreed upon at the Potsdam Conference. This ultimatum stated if Japan did not surrender, she would face "prompt and utter destruction."[1] Some debaters focus on the presidential decision-making process, and others on whether or not the bombings were the proximate cause of Japanese surrender.

Different views on the atomicbombing

Appreciation to Original English Works With the Modern ViewThe U. S. was rightBy John ConnorForty years ago this week in Hiroshima: the dreadful flash, the wrist watches fused forever at 8:16 a.m. The questions still persists: should we have dropped the atomic bomb?History seldom gives decisive answers, but recently declassified documents point to a clear judgment: yes, it was necessary to drop the bomb. It was needed to end the war. It saved countless American and Japanese lives.In the early summer of 1945, Japan, under tight control of the militarists, was an implacable, relentless adversary. The Japanese defended territory with a philosophy we had seldom encountered: Soldiers were taught that surrender was worse than death. There was savage resistance to the end in battle after battle.Of the 5,00-man Japanese force at Tarawa in November 1943, only 17remained alive when the island was taken. When Kwajalein was invaded in February 1944, Japanese officers slashed at American tanks with samurai swords; their men held grenades against the sides of tanks in an effort to disable them.On Saipan, less than 1,000 of the 32,000 defending Japanese troops survived. Casualties among the Japanese-ruled civilians on the island numbered 10,000. Parents bashed th eir babies’ brains out on rocky cliff sides, and then leaped to their deaths. Others cut each other’s throats; children threw grenades at each other. America suffered 17,000 casualties.Just 660 miles southeast of Tokyo, Iwo Jima’s garrison was told to def end the island as if it were Tokyo itself. They did. In the first day of fighting, there were more American casualties than during “D—Day” in Normadndy. At Okinawa—only 350 miles south of Kyushu—more than 110,000 Janpanese soldiers and 100,000 civilians were killed. Kamikazw attacks cost the Navy alone some10,000 casualties. The Army and Marines lost more than 50,000 men.In the early summer of 1945, the invasion of Japan was imminent and everyone in the Pacific was apprehensive. The apprehension was justified, because our intelligence was good: With a system codenamed “Magic”, it had penetrated Japanese codes even before Pearl Harbor. “Magic” would play a crucial role in the closing days of the war.Many have maintained that the bomb was unnecessary because in the closing days of the war intercepted Japanese diplomatic messages disclosed a passionate desire for peace. While that is true, it is irrelevant. The Japanese governmentremained in the hands of the militarists: their messages indicated a willingness to fight to the death.Japanese planes, gasoline and ammunition had been hoarded for the coming invasion. More than 5,000 aircraft had been hidden everywhere to be used as suicide weapons, with only enough gas in their tanks for a one-way trip to the invasion beaches. More than two million men were moving into positions to defend the home islands.The object was to inflict such appalling losses that the Americans would agree to a treaty more favorable than unconditional surrender. The Army Chief of Staff, Gen. George C. Marshall, estimated potential American casualties as high as a million.The willingness of the Japanese to die was more than empty bravado. Several of my colleagues at Kyushu University told me that as boys of 14 or 15, they were being trained to meet the Americans on the beaches with little more than sharpened bamboo spears. They had no illusions about their chances for survival.The Potsdam declaration calling for unconditional surrender was beamed to Japan on July 27. One July 30, the Americans were informed that Japan would officially ignore the ultimatum. A week later, the bomb was dropped.Could we not have warned the Japanese in advance, critics asked, and dropped a demonstration bomb? That alternative was vetoed on the grounds the bomb might not work, or that the plane carrying it might be shot down. Moreover, it is questionable how effective a demonstration bomb might have bee. The militarists could have imposed a new blackout as complete as the one imposed after the disastrous battle of Midway and continued on their suicidal course. That is exactly what happened at Hiroshima. Within hours, the Japanese Government sent in a team of scientist to investigate the damage. Their report was immediately suppressed and was not made public until many years after the war.After midnight Aug. 10, a protracted debate took place in an air-raid shelter deep inside the Imperial Palace. The military insisted that Japan should hold out for terms far better than unconditional surrender. The peace faction favored accepting the Potsdam declaration, providing that the Emperor would be retained. The two factions remained at an impasse. At 2.a.m, Prime Minister Kantaro Suzuki asked the Emperor to decide. In a soft, deliberate voice, the Emperor expressed his great longing for peace. The war had ended.It was impossible, in August 1945, to predict the awesome shadow the bomb would cast on humanity. The decision to drop it seemed both simple and obvious. Without it, the militarists might have prevailed, an invasion ordered. And the loss of both American and Japanese lives would have been awesome.The atomic bomb accomplished what it had been designed to do. It ended the war.The U.S. Was WrongBy Gar AlperovitzThough it has not yet received broad public attention, there exists overwhelming historical evidence that President Harry S. Truman knew he could almost certainly end World War II without using the atomic bomb: The United States had cracked the Japanese code, and a stream of documents released over the last 40 years show that Mr. Truman had two other option.The first option was to clarify America’s surrender terms to assure the Japanese we would not remove their Emperor. The second was simply to await the expected Soviet declaration of war—which, United States intelligence advised, appeared likely to end the conflict on its own.Instead, Hiroshima was bombed Aug. 6, 1945, and Nagasaki on Aug. 9. The planned date for the Soviet Union’s entry into the war against Japan was Aug.8.The big turning po int was the Emperor’s continuing June-July decision to open surrender negotiations through Moscow. Top American officials—and, most critically, the President—understood the move was extraordinary: Mr. Truman’s secret diaries, lost until 1978, call the key intercepted message “the telegram from Jap Emperor asking for peace”.Other documents—among them newly discovered secret memorandums from William J. Donovan, director of the Office of Strategic Service—show that Mr. Truman was personally advised of Japanese peace initiatives through Swiss and Portuguese channels as early as three months before Hiroshima. Moreover, Mr. Truman told several officials he had no objection in principle to Japan’s keeping the Emperor, which seemed the only sticking point.Americ an leaders were sure that if he so chose “the Mikado could stop the war with a royal word”—as one top Presidential aide put it. Having decided to use the bomb, however, Mr. Truman was urged by Secretary of State James F. Byrnes not to give assurances to the Emperor before the weapon had been demonstrated.Additional official records, including minutes of top-level White House planning meetings, show the President was clearly advised of the importance of a Soviet declaration of war: It would pull the rug out from under Japanese military leaders who were desperately hoping the powerful Red Army would stay neutral. Gen. George C. Marshall in mid-June told Mr. Truman that “the impact of Russian entry on the already hopeless Japanese may well be the decisive action levering them into capitulation at that time or shortly thereafter if we land”.A month later, the American-British Combined Intelligence Staff advised their chiefs of the critical importance of a Red Army attack. As the top British general, Sir Hastings Ismay, summarized the conclusions for Prime Minister Winston Churchill: “If and when Russia came into the war against Japan, the Japanese would probably wish to get out on almost any terms short of the dethronement of the Emperor.”Mr. Truman’s private diaries also record his understanding of the significance of this option. On July 17, 1945, when Stalin confirmed that the Red Army would march, Mr. Truman privately noted: “Fini Japs when that comes about.”There was plenty of time: The American invasion of Japan was not scheduled until the spring of 1946. even a preliminary landing on the island Kyushu was still three months in the future.Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower, appalled that the bomb would be used in these circumstances, urged Mr. Truman and Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson not to drop it. In his memoirs, he observed that weeks before Hiroshima, Japan had been seeking a way to surrender. “It wasn’t necessary,” he said in a later interview, “to hit them with that awful thing.”The man who presided over the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Adm. William D. Leahy, was equally shocked: “The use of this barbarous weapon at Hiroshima and Nagasaki was of no material assistance in our war against Japan. The Japanese were already defeated and ready to surrender.”Why, then, was the bomb used?American leaders rejected the most obvious option—simply waiting for the Red Army attack—out of political, not military, concerns.As the dairy of one official put it, they wanted to end the war before Moscow got “in so much on the kill.” Secretary of the Navy James V. Forrestal’s diaries record that Mr. Byrnes “was most anxious to get the Japanese affair over with before the Russian got in.”United States leaders had also begun think of the atomic bomb as what Secretary Stimson te rmed the “master card” of diplomacy. President Truman postponed his Potsdam meeting with Stalin until July 17, 1945—one day after the first successful nuclear test—to be sure the atomic bomb would strengthen his hand before confronting the Soviet leader on the shape of postwar settlement.To this day, we do not know with absolute certainty Mr. Truman’s personal attitudes on several key issues. Yet we do know that his most important adviser, Secretary of State Byrnes, was convinced that dropping the bomb would serve crucial long-range diplomatic purposes.As one atomic scientist, Leo Szilard, observed: “Mr. Yrnes did not argue that it was necessary to use the bomb against the cities of Japan in order to win the war. Mr. Byrnes’ …view (was) that our possessi ng and demonstrating the bomb would make Russia more manageable.。

美国投原子弹的英语作文

美国投原子弹的英语作文Title: The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb on Japan。

The decision to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II remains one of the most controversial and debated topics in history. Advocates argue that it hastened the end of the war, saving countless lives that would have been lost in a prolonged conflict. However, critics contend that the use of such devastating weapons was morally reprehensible and that alternative methods could have been pursued to end the war. In this essay, we will explore the rationale behind the United States' decision to drop the atomic bombs on Japan.First and foremost, it's essential to understand the context in which this decision was made. By mid-1945, World War II had been raging for nearly six years, resulting in immense human suffering and unprecedented destruction. The Allied powers, led by the United States, had been engagedin a brutal island-hopping campaign across the Pacific,inching closer to the Japanese mainland. However, Japanese resistance remained fierce, and military planners anticipated a long and costly invasion of Japan.At the same time, the Manhattan Project, a top-secret effort to develop nuclear weapons, had made significant progress. The successful test of the first atomic bomb in July 1945 demonstrated the immense destructive power of these weapons. Suddenly, the prospect of ending the war quickly and decisively seemed within reach.The primary objective of dropping the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was to compel Japan to surrender unconditionally, thereby avoiding the need for a full-scale invasion. The rationale behind this decision can be understood through several key factors.First, the anticipated casualties of a traditional invasion of Japan were staggering. Military estimates projected that invading the Japanese home islands could result in millions of Allied casualties, as well as even higher numbers of Japanese casualties. The Battle ofOkinawa, which took place in April-June 1945, provided a grim preview of the ferocious resistance that Allied forces could expect to encounter. By comparison, the use of atomic bombs offered the possibility of achieving victory with far fewer casualties on both sides.Second, there was a sense of urgency to end the war as quickly as possible. The longer the conflict dragged on, the greater the risk of additional casualties and further devastation. Moreover, there were concerns about the Soviet Union's growing involvement in the Pacific theater and the implications this could have for post-war geopolitics. By demonstrating the overwhelming power of the atomic bomb, the United States sought to assert its dominance and compel Japan to surrender before any other major powers could intervene.Third, it's important to consider the prevailing attitudes towards warfare and morality at the time. World War II was characterized by total war, in which entire societies mobilized for conflict and civilian populations were directly targeted. In this context, the use of atomicbombs, while unprecedented in scale, was viewed by many as a means to achieve a swift and decisive victory and bring an end to the bloodshed.However, it's crucial to acknowledge the profound ethical implications of using such destructive weapons. The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki resulted in the deaths of tens of thousands of civilians and caused unimaginable suffering for countless others. The long-term effects of radiation exposure continue to impact survivors and their descendants to this day. Critics argue that the use of atomic bombs constituted a violation of the principles of just war and humanitarian law, and that alternative strategies, such as a demonstration of the bomb's power or continued diplomatic efforts, should have been pursued.In conclusion, the decision to drop the atomic bombs on Japan was a complex and controversial one, shaped by military necessity, strategic considerations, and the prevailing attitudes of the time. While it undoubtedly played a significant role in bringing about the end ofWorld War II, it also raised profound moral questions about the use of weapons of mass destruction and the conduct of warfare. As we continue to grapple with the legacy of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, it serves as a stark reminder of the devastating consequences of war and the imperative of striving for peace and reconciliation.。

原子弹观后感200字

原子弹观后感200字英文回答：After watching the documentary about the atomic bomb, I am left with a mix of emotions and thoughts. On one hand, I am in awe of the scientific and technological advancements that led to the creation of such a powerful weapon. The sheer destructive force of the atomic bomb is unimaginable, and it is a testament to human intelligence and innovation.However, on the other hand, I am deeply disturbed by the devastating consequences of the atomic bomb. The documentary vividly portrayed the horrific aftermath of the bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, with countless lives lost and cities reduced to rubble. The suffering and long-term effects on survivors, both physically and psychologically, are heart-wrenching.The documentary also raised important ethical questions about the use of atomic bombs. The decision to drop thebombs was made in order to end World War II, but was it necessary to cause such immense destruction and loss of life? Could there have been alternative ways to achieve peace without resorting to such extreme measures?中文回答：观看完原子弹的纪录片后，我心中涌起了各种情绪和思考。

钱学森追求梦想过程中遇到的难题英文 -回复

钱学森是我国现代物理学家和火箭专家的代表人物，他追求梦想的过程中遇到了许多难题。

以下是钱学森追求梦想过程中遇到的难题的英文回复：1. Early life and educationQian Xuesen, also known as Hsue-Shen Tsien, was born in Hangzhou, China in 1911. He showed early signs of talent in mathematics and physics, and went on to pursue a degree in mechanical engineering at the National Chiao Tung University in Shangh本人. After earning his bachelor's degree, he received a scholarship to study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the United States.2. Challenges in the United StatesUpon arriving in the United States in 1935, Qian faced a number of challenges. He encountered discrimination as a Chinese student, and struggled with the cultural and language barriers. Despite these obstacles, Qian excelled in his studies and earned a master's degree in aeronautical engineering from MIT.3. Work on the Manhattan ProjectDuring World War II, Qian worked on the Manhattan Project, the US-led effort to develop the atomic bomb. He made significant contributions to the project, but his security clearance was revoked in 1950 due to allegations ofmunist sympathies. This setback marked a turning point in Qian's career, as he decided to return to China.4. Challenges in ChinaAfter returning to China, Qian faced new challenges in rebuilding his career. He played a key role in establishing China's missile and space program, but also encountered political obstacles during the tumultuous periods of the Cultural Revolution.5. LegacyDespite the challenges he faced, Qian Xuesen's contributions to science and technology were immense. He is often referred to as the "father of Chinese rocketry," and his work l本人d the foundation for China's space exploration efforts. In recognition of his achievements, Qian received numerous awards andhonors throughout his lifetime.In conclusion, Qian Xuesen's pursuit of his dreams was characterized by numerous challenges, both personal and professional. However, his determination and resilience allowed him to ovee these obstacles and leave a lasting legacy in the fields of physics, engineering, and space exploration.。

两弹一星科学家演讲稿作文

两弹一星科学家演讲稿作文Ladies and Gentlemen,Today, I stand here, humbled and honored, to talk about a chapter in China's history that remains a testament to the nation's resilience, innovation, and determination. It's a chapter that speaks volumes about the dedication and sacrifice of a generation of scientists who, against all odds, achieved what many considered impossible - the development of China's nuclear weapons and satellite technology, collectively known as the "Two Bombs and One Satellite."Let's first delve into the historical context. It was a time of great flux and uncertainty, when China, fresh from the wounds of war and the throes of revolution, faced the daunting task of rebuilding its nation. Amidst this backdrop, the decision to embark on the nuclear and space programs was not just a scientific pursuit but a strategic imperative. It was a declaration of independence, a means to secure the nation's sovereignty in a world fraught with Cold War tensions.The journey, however, was anything but smooth. It was fraught with technical challenges, resource constraints, and international sanctions. But the scientists of this era, led by visionaries like Qian Xuesen, Zhu Guangya, and Deng Jiaxian, did not let these obstacles deter them. They persevered, often working in secrecy and isolation, dedicating their lives to the pursuit of scientific excellence and national progress.Their work was multidisciplinary and highly complex, requiring a deep understanding of physics, chemistry, engineering, and numerous other fields. They had to innovate, often starting from scratch, as many of the technologies they were working with were non-existent in China. They conducted experiments, analyzed data, and made adjustments, all in pursuit of that elusive goal - the creation of a nuclear bomb and a satellite that could soar into the heavens.The success of their efforts was nothing short of miraculous. The first atomic bomb test in 1964 and the first hydrogen bomb test in 1967 were watershed moments in China's history, demonstrating the country's technological prowess and strategic autonomy. The launch of the first satellite, Dongfanghong-1, in 1970, marked China's entry into the space age, further cementing its status as a rising global power.But let's not forget the human toll of this achievement. These scientists sacrificed their personal lives, often foregoing family, comfort, and even health. They worked in austere conditions, with limited resources, and faced constant pressure to deliver results. Their dedication and commitment were nothing short of heroic, and their legacy is a testament to the power of human will and ingenuity.Looking back, the "Two Bombs and One Satellite" era was not just a scientific revolution; it was a cultural and psychological shift for China. It instilled a sense of national pride and confidence, demonstrating that with hard work and determination, China could achieve what others thought was impossible. It also laid the foundation for the country's subsequent technological advancements, making China a global leader in fields like high-speed rail, renewable energy, and quantum computing.In conclusion, the scientists of the "Two Bombs and One Satellite" era are unsung heroes of China's modern history. Their contributions are immeasurable, not just in terms of technological advancements but also in terms of national dignity and self-reliance. Their legacy should inspire us all to pursue excellence, innovate, and contribute to the betterment of our nation and the world at large.Today, as we stand on the shoulders of these giants, it is our responsibility to continue their legacy, to push the boundaries of knowledge and technology, and to ensure that China remains a leader in the global scientific community. Let us remember their sacrifice and dedication, and let us strive to create a future that is worthy of their dreams and aspirations.Thank you.This speech attempts to capture the essence of the "Two Bombs and One Satellite" era in China, focusing on the scientists who made it possible. It analyzes their efforts from multiple angles, highlighting their dedication, sacrifice, and the impact of their work on China's national progress and global standing. The speech aims to be high-quality and high-standard, providing a comprehensive and insightful overview of this significant period in China's history.。

论述废除核武器的必要性的英语作文

论述废除核武器的必要性的英语作文The Necessity of Abolishing Nuclear WeaponsIntroductionIn the modern world, nuclear weapons pose a grave threat to humanity and the environment. The destructive power of these weapons is unimaginable, capable of causing widespread death and destruction on a scale never seen before. As such, the abolition of nuclear weapons is not only desirable but necessary for the preservation of life on Earth.Historical ContextThe development of nuclear weapons dates back to the end of World War II, when the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The devastation caused by these bombings shocked the world and led to widespread calls for the elimination of nuclear weapons.Since then, the number of nuclear weapons has increased significantly, with several countries acquiring these weapons as a means of defense and deterrence. However, the continued existence of nuclear weapons poses a threat to global security, as the risk of accidental or deliberate use of these weapons remains high.Environmental ImpactIn addition to the immediate human casualties caused by nuclear weapons, the long-term environmental impact is also significant. The use of nuclear weapons can result in widespread radioactive contamination, leading to health problems for generations to come.Furthermore, the detonation of multiple nuclear weapons could trigger a nuclear winter, causing a dramatic drop in global temperatures and disrupting the Earth's climate system. This could have devastating consequences for food production, water resources, and biodiversity, leading to widespread famine and ecological collapse.Ethical ConsiderationsThe use of nuclear weapons raises ethical questions about the morality of inflicting such massive destruction on civilian populations. The indiscriminate nature of nuclear weapons means that they cannot be used in a way that distinguishes between combatants and non-combatants, leading to the violation of basic human rights.Furthermore, the possession of nuclear weapons perpetuates a culture of fear and distrust among nations, leadingto an arms race and increasing the risk of conflict. By abolishing nuclear weapons, countries can demonstrate their commitment to peace and international cooperation, thereby promoting a more stable and secure world.ConclusionIn conclusion, the abolition of nuclear weapons is not only a moral imperative but a strategic necessity for the preservation of life on Earth. The catastrophic consequences of a nuclear war far outweigh any perceived benefits, making the elimination of these weapons essential for global security and sustainability.It is imperative that world leaders take decisive action to reduce and eventually eliminate nuclear weapons, through disarmament treaties, arms control agreements, and diplomatic negotiations. Only by working together can we create a world free from the threat of nuclear annihilation and build a future based on peace, cooperation, and mutual respect. Let us strive towards a world where nuclear weapons are nothing more than a distant memory, and where the horrors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki are never repeated.。

atomic bombing

As detailed near the end of this article, whether or not the bombings were justified has long been a contentious issue.
The A-Bombs used over Japan — Little Boy (left) and Fat Man—the test bomb (right)

It was chosen as a target because it had not suffered damage from previous bombing raids, allowing an ideal environment to measure the damage caused by the atomic bomb. The city as a whole was highly susceptible to fire damre in Kako-machi. The stone monument was left alone. The A-bomb Dome is seen in the far distance.

Hiroshima, in the aftermath of the bombing
The bombing

The atomic cloud over Hiroshima. At the time this photo was made, smoke billowed 20,000 feet above Hiroshima.

A Uranium bomb, the first nuclear weapon in the world, was dropped in Hiroshima City. It was estimated that its energy was equivalent to 15 kilotons of TNT.

原子弹是毁灭者还是威慑者英语作文

原子弹是毁灭者还是威慑者英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Atomic bomb has always been a controversial topic since its invention during World War II. It is commonly regarded as a weapon of mass destruction, capable of causing immense devastation and loss of life. However, some argue that the atomic bomb is also a powerful deterrent against aggression and can prevent conflicts from escalating. In this essay, we will explore both sides of the argument and analyze whether the atomic bomb is a destroyer or a deterrent.On one hand, the atomic bomb has the potential to cause catastrophic destruction. The bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II resulted in the deaths of over 200,000 people and caused long-lasting health effects on survivors. The immense power of the atomic bomb can flatten entire cities and leave behind a trail of death and destruction. The use of such a weapon in modern warfare would undoubtedly have devastating consequences on both human lives and the environment.Furthermore, the atomic bomb has the potential to escalate conflicts and trigger a nuclear arms race. The possession of nuclear weapons by multiple countries can create a state of mutual distrust and fear, leading to an increase in military spending and heightening tensions between nations. The threat of a nuclear attack can also encourage countries to adopt aggressive foreign policies and engage in brinkmanship, increasing the likelihood of conflict and war.On the other hand, proponents of the atomic bomb argue that it serves as a powerful deterrent against aggression. The fear of a nuclear retaliation can prevent countries from engaging in acts of war or terrorism, as the potential consequences of a nuclear conflict are too dire to contemplate. The doctrine of mutually assured destruction (MAD) posits that the use of nuclear weapons would result in the destruction of both parties involved, deterring countries from launching a nuclear attack.Moreover, the possession of nuclear weapons can provide a sense of security and stability for countries. Nuclear-armed countries are less likely to be invaded or attacked by their adversaries, as the risk of a nuclear retaliation acts as a powerful deterrent. The concept of nuclear deterrence has been creditedwith preventing major conflicts between nuclear-armed countries and maintaining a fragile peace during the Cold War.In conclusion, the atomic bomb is a double-edged sword that can serve as both a destroyer and a deterrent. While the use of nuclear weapons can cause unimaginable destruction and loss of life, it can also prevent conflicts from escalating and deter aggression. Ultimately, the decision to use nuclear weapons rests in the hands of policymakers and military leaders, who must carefully weigh the potential consequences of their actions. It is crucial for the international community to work towards nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation in order to prevent the catastrophic consequences of a nuclear conflict.篇2Atomic bomb is a very controversial topic in the history of human civilization. It has been widely debated whether the atomic bomb is a destroyer or a deterrent. Some people believe that the atomic bomb is a tool of destruction, while others argue that it is a weapon of deterrence. In this essay, we will discuss both perspectives and present our own observations on the issue.On the one hand, those who believe that the atomic bomb is a destroyer argue that the use of atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II caused immense human suffering and loss of lives. The bombings led to the deaths of hundreds of thousands of civilians, many of whom were innocent women and children. The destruction caused by the atomic bombs also had long-lasting effects on the environment, leading to widespread contamination and radiation poisoning.Furthermore, the use of atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki did not only cause immediate destruction, but also set a dangerous precedent for the use of nuclear weapons in future conflicts. The atomic bomb is a highly destructive weapon that has the potential to wipe out entire cities and populations in a matter of seconds. Therefore, those who view the atomic bomb as a destroyer argue that it should be banned and eliminated to prevent future catastrophic consequences.On the other hand, there are those who believe that the atomic bomb is a weapon of deterrence. They argue that the development and possession of nuclear weapons serve as a deterrent against potential aggressors and prevent the outbreak of major wars. The fear of mutual destruction and retaliation deters countries from engaging in all-out warfare, maintaining abalance of power and preventing conflicts from escalating to a global scale.Additionally, nuclear weapons have played a significant role in maintaining peace and stability in the world since the end of World War II. The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union was marked by the threat of nuclear annihilation, which prevented both superpowers from engaging in direct military confrontations. The doctrine of mutually assured destruction (MAD) ensured that neither side would initiate a nuclear strike out of fear of retaliation, thereby preventing a nuclear war.In conclusion, the atomic bomb is a complex and multifaceted weapon that can be both a destroyer and a deterrent. While the use of atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki resulted in immense destruction and loss of lives, the possession of nuclear weapons has also served as a deterrent against major conflicts and maintained peace in the world. Ultimately, it is up to the international community to carefully balance the risks and benefits of nuclear weapons and work towards disarmament to prevent catastrophic consequences in the future.篇3Atomic bomb, also known as nuclear bomb, is a powerful explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions. The invention of the atomic bomb during World War II marked a turning point in human history, as it introduced a new level of destruction and devastation to warfare. The question of whether the atomic bomb is a destroyer or a deterrent has been a subject of debate ever since its creation.On one hand, the atomic bomb is undeniably a destroyer. The devastating power of the atomic bomb was demonstrated in August 1945, when the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, resulting in the deaths of tens of thousands of civilians and the destruction of entire cities. The atomic bomb is capable of causing widespread death and destruction on a massive scale, making it a truly destructive weapon of war.On the other hand, some argue that the atomic bomb is a deterrent. The theory of deterrence posits that the threat of massive retaliation with nuclear weapons can prevent countries from engaging in aggressive actions against each other. During the Cold War, the doctrine of mutually assured destruction (MAD) held that the possession of nuclear weapons by both the United States and the Soviet Union prevented either side from usingthem, as the consequences would be too catastrophic for both parties.Despite the potential deterrent effect of the atomic bomb, it is clear that its destructive power cannot be ignored. The use of atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki had devastating consequences that continue to be felt to this day. The long-term effects of radiation exposure on the survivors of the atomic bombings have been well-documented, and the psychological impact of living through such a traumatic event cannot be overstated.In conclusion, the atomic bomb is both a destroyer and a deterrent. While it has the potential to deter aggression between countries, its destructive power cannot be underestimated. The decision to use atomic weapons should not be taken lightly, as the consequences are too severe. As we continue to grapple with the legacy of the atomic bomb, it is important to remember the human cost of using such a powerful weapon and to strive for a world free of nuclear weapons.。