2018年上海高考英语第一次模拟考试试题与答案

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2018年上海宝山区高考英语一模试卷和参考答案及听力原文

2018 年上海宝山区高考英语一模试卷II.Grammar and VocabularyWhy My Best Friend Is a BookWriting about beliefs is hard. It makes you reach deep into your soul and truly look at what is there. It requires time and effort, and then hits you in the face and someone in the bac kground says ―Oh, why didn’t you think of that before?‖ Beliefs change, they mature and grow just (21)a child. The best beliefs are the ones that (22) ( cherish) throughout a lifetime. One belief I cherish above all others is the power and enjoyment of reading.Reading can be for fun and that learning is (23) (easy) when you’re having fun. Being able to relate to the characters, imagine the conflicts in your head,and feel the characters’ sadness, as well as their joy, is the most amazing thing about reading. A chance to live another life for a short time, to be another person, Reading lends the soul and mind a place (24) (escape). I would much rather pick up a good luck than watch a television show.Reading can teach us. Wh ether it’s a fantasy novel or a historical account, you learn when you read. It provides grammar and (25) (write) language skills. Reading teaches us about emotion. Reading gives you new words and expands your vocabulary by forcing you to challenge yourself. In its own way it makes us feel the emotions of the characters. (26)you read, I believe you will learn, mind and soul.Reading can bring people together. I cannot count the number of new friends and people that have entered my life because of books. My stepmother, grandmother, and I all rad the same books.(27) is better than being able to share the tense moments, near misses, and happy endings while (28) (drink) a steaming cup of coffee together with someone. Reading allows you to lower your walls and let people in to form genuine chains. Plus people (29)read impressive books are usually pretty cool themselves!Over the years reading has been my companion. Always with a book in my purse, I have never faced the world without a best friend by my side. Books (30) (help) me through difficult periods and applauded me in times of celebration. Books always make me smile. That’s the biggest reason I believe in reading, because it will make you happy.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.A.extentB.substanceC.normalD. potentialE.refreshingF.instructionsG. function H.caused I.physical J.restore K. mentallyThe discovery builds on earlier findings showed that a class of genes called splicing (胶接) factors is progressively switched off as we age. The research team found that splicing factors canbe switched back on with chemicals, making aging cells not only look 31 younger, but start to divide like young cells.The researchers applied compounds chemicals based on a 32 naturally found in red wine, dark chocolate, red grapes and blueberries, to cells in culture. The chemicals 33 splicing factors, which are progressively switched off as we age to be switched back on. Within hours, the cells looked younger and started to rejuvenate,behaving like young cells.The discovery has the 34 to lead to therapies that could help people age better, without experiencing some of the degenerative effects of getting old. Most people by the age of 85 have experienced some kind of chronic illness, and as people get older they are more prone to stroke, heart disease and cancer.Professor Harries as saying, ―This is a first step in trying to make people live35 lifetime, but with health for their entire life. Our data suggests that using chemicals to switch back on the major class of genes that are switched off as we age might provide a means to 36 to old cells.‖Dr Eva Latorre, Research Associate at the University of Exeter, who carried out the experiments, was surprised by the 37 and rapidity of the changes in the cells.―When I saw some of the cells in the culture dish 38 I couldn’t believe it. These old cells were looking like young cells. It was like magic,‖ she said. ―I repeated the experiments several times and in each case the cells rej uvenated. I am very excited by the implications and potential for this research.‖As we age, our tissues accumulate senescent cells which are alive but do not grow or39 as they should. These old cells lose the ability to correctly regulate the output of their genes. This is one reason why tissues and organs become susceptible to disease as we age. When activated, genes make a message that gives the 40for the cell to behave in a certain way. Most genes can make more than one message, which determines how the cell acts.Splicing factors are crucial in ensuring that genes can perform their full range of functions.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Cameron Buckner, assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Houston, argues in an article published in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research that a wide range of animal species exhibit so-called ― executive control‖ when it comes to making decisions,41 considering their goals and ways to satisfy those goals before acting.He acknowledges that language is 42 for some experienced forms of higher-order thinking, or thinking about thinking. But supported by a review of previously published research, Buckner 43 that a wide variety of animals -- -elephants, chimpanzees( 黑猩猩), ravens( 大乌鸦) and lions, among others ---44 reasonable decision-making.― These data suggest that not only do some animals have a subjective take on the suitability of the 45 they are evaluating for their goal, they possess a subjective, internal signal regarding their confidence in this take can be used to select among different options,‖ he wrote.The question has been 46 since the days of the ancient philosophers, as people considered what means to be human is. One way to address that, Buckner said, is to 47 exactly what sets humans apart from other animals. Language remains a key difference between animals and humans, and Buckner notes that serious 48 in the 1970s and 80s to teach animal’s human language—teaching chimpanzees to use sign language, 49 ----found that although they were able to express simple ideas, they did not engage in 50 thought and language structures. Ancient philosophers relied upon unreliable 51 to study the issue, but today’s researcher conduct complicated controlled experiments. Buckner, working with Thomas Bugnyar and Stephan A. Reber, mental biologist at the University of Vienna, last year 52 the results of a result that determined ravens share at least some of the human ability to think abstractly about other minds, 53 their behavior by attaching their own observations to others. In his latest paper, Buckner offers several examples to support his 54 . His goal, Buckner said, was to organize experimental research, ―to see that we’re gathered enough evide nce to say that animals really are 55 in a unique way.‖t45. A. option B. scheme C. regulation D. random46. A. dismissed B. ignored C. debated D. answered47. A. evaluate B. determine C. overlook D. initiate48. A. results B. successes C. achievements D. attempts49. A. for example B. this is to say C. on the contrary D. as a result50. A. obvious B. feasible C. private D. complex51. A. mystery B. tradition C. evidence D. fiction52. A. substituted B. published C. reflected D. maintained53. A. adapting B. symbolizing C. investigating D. revenging54. A. agreement B. implement C. requirement D. argument55. A. passionate B. reasonable C. confused D. ridiculousSection A(A)We see them everywhere. ―There are some things that money can’t buy… for everything else, there’s MasterCard.‖ We hear them everywhere. ―Make life rewarding… American Express.‖ Whether watching television, driving down the highw ay, or even appearing on our Facebook page, the appeal of money is inescapable.Growing up, my parents always emphasized the importance of family and faith over material possessions. Yet, money and all the new, interesting things it could buy did not escape me. As I entered my freshman year, my debit card and I engaged in quite the dates. Between game-day dresses, steak dinners and wonderful downtown Athens, I quickly drained 17 years worth of savings.41. A. secretly B. unintentionally C. scarcely D. consciously 42. A. required B. qualified C. acquired D. prepared 43. A. concerns B. complains C. conclude D. convinces44. A. turn down B. engage in C. refer to D. argue abouBy the time summer rolled around, I didn’t consider how much cash I had spent, or how much stuff I had acquired… I was focused on how much more money I would need for next fall. When I wasn’t working, I was checking my bank account, try to figure out if m y next paycheck would cover those pillows that would look so cute in my new apartment. My bank account balance was becoming a major source of stress in my life, creating tension with my financially smart parents and causing me constant concern. Finally, after a very heated argument with my Dad, I accepted the truth: I simply could not afford money anymore.I realized that I was much happier (and I sensed my blood pressure was much lower) when money was just something in the bank. While the clothes are pretty and those pillows are comfy, they lost their appeal right around the second a new item caught my eye. Towards the end of the summer, I let go of my financial issues –a fter all, I can’t buy more time with my friends and family before going back to Athens.I still check my bank account. I still go shopping occasionally. But now, those aren’t priorities. My money sufferings taught me that I shouldn’t seek out wealth as a m eans of satisfaction and happiness. Instead, my happiness should come from the moments and people that cannot be bought, exchanged, or returned. I now re-word those credit card slogans to reflect the value I place on finding wealth in the love shared betwe en my family and friends: ―There are some things that money can’t buy… Seek them.‖ Unlike cash, this form of wealth grows the more I give.56.A ccording to the passage, the author feels happy now mainly because .A.the appeal of money is inescapableB.he values the love between his family and friendsC.his wealth grows by working hard every dayD.he has paid off his debt in cash57.T he author mentions the heated argument with Dad in paragraph 3 in order to .A.show how to settle problems with othersB.prove how selfish his Dad isC.explain material possessions get him into troubleD.display generation gap between Dad and Son58.T he word ―comfy‖ (paragraph 4) probably means .A.realisticB.individualC.graciousfortable59.W hich of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.Seeking a different kind of wealthB.Letting go of different sufferingsC.Wealth as a means of satisfactionD.Happiness grows out of hardships(B)Americans are more stressed than ever, according to an American Psychological Association survey, and nearly one-third say stress impacts their physical or mental health. If you have any of these symptoms, your stress might be making you sick. Here’s how t o battle against them.If you’ve never suffered from headaches bu t suddenly your head is constantly striking, you might be too stressed. Stress releases chemicals that can cause changes to nerves and blood vessels(血管) in the brain, which brings on a headache. Stress can cause them or make them worse. It’s also common fo r your muscles to tense up when you’re stressed, which can also cause a headache.WHAT TO DO:If you don’t want to take medicine, try spreading lavender (薰衣草)oil on your temples(太阳穴)when a headache starts. Or try one of thesehome remedies for headaches.Stress can make you mentally sick, too. Too much of the stress hormonecortisol (皮质醇)can make it harder to concentrate, causingmemory problems as well as anxiety or depression, says Dr. Levine.WHAT TO DO:Relax until you regain your concentration. Practice closing your eyes and breathing in and out slowly, concentrating only on your breath.Losing a few strands of hair is normal (old hair follicles (囊)arereplaced by new ones over time), but stress can disturb that cycle.Significant stress p ushes a large number of hair follicles into what’scalled a resting stage and then a few months later those hairs fall out,according to . Stress can als o cause the body’s resistantsystem to attack your hair follicles, resulting in hair loss.WHAT TO DO:Be patient. Once your stress level returns to normal, your hair should start growing back.60.If you’re stressed, you might have one of the following sympto ms EXCEPT that .A.you keep getting headachesB.you always have a coldC.your hair is falling outD.your brain feels confused61.W hich of the following is suggested if your brain goes out of focus?A.Breathing slowly with your eyes closed.B.Waiting until your brain returns to normal.C.Spreading lavender oil on your temples.D.Relaxing and attacking your brain softly.62.W hat will happen once we get over our stress according to the passage?A.Our hair starts falling out and then grows back.B.Ou r body’s resistant system attacks your hair folliclesC.Our hair starts growing again.D.A serious headache starts.(C)For many in the general public and the engineering community alike, the potential implications of additive manufacturing (AM) have excited the imagination. Popularly known as 3-D printing, the emerging class of technologies has been regarded as both a revolution in production and an opportunity for dramatic environmental advance.Yet while the technological capabilities of additive manufacturing processes are studied extensively, a deep understanding of their environmental implications is still lacking.A new special issue of Yale’s Journal of Industrial Ecology presents the cutting-edge research on this emerging field, providing important insights into its environmental, energy, and health impacts.Though sometimes described in the public field as similar to an inkjet printer for making objects, additive manufacturing is primarily used as a production process in industry and contains a diverse set of technologies. What they share is the ability to produce products and parts based on digital information by adding layers of materials one after the other rather than, as in traditional manufacturing, removing materials –thus the label ―additive.‖―The research in this issue shows that it is too early to label 3-D printing as the path to sustainable manufacturing,‖ said Reid Lifset, editor-in-chief of the Journal of Industrial Ecology and co-author of the lead editorial. ―We need to know much more about the material footprints, energy consumption in production, process emissions, a nd especially the linking devices and adjustments between the various stages in the production process.‖Additive manufacturing is sometimes seen as inherently environmentally preferable to traditional manufacturing because of its potential for local production – by consumers, merchants and hobbyists – and because it is thought to allow zero-waste manufacturing. Research in this issue, however, indicates that the environmental performance is very sensitive to the pattern of usage and composition of the machinery and the materials used.―This special issue demonstrates the capability of industrial ecology to reveal important and often overlooked aspects of new technologies,‖ said Indy Burke, Dean of the Yale School of Forestry & Enviro nmental Studies. ―If we are to realize the environmental potential of 3-D printing, we need to know where the challenges and the advantages lie.‖The special issue contains:life cycle assessments (LCA) of AM processes and productsinvestigations of the process energy consumption of AM technologiesstudies of operator exposure to printer emissions and dangerous materialsexamination of the sustainability benefits derived from the complex figure of parts enabled by the technologyanalysis of supply-chain issues arising from the use of the technology63.The word ―additive‖ in the passage refers to .A.the substance added in small amounts for a special purposeB.the additional technological capabilities of manufacturing processesC.the digital way to produce products by adding serial layers of materialsD.t he traditional way to produce products by removing materials64.The contents listed in the special issue mentioned at the end of this passage focus on.A.the studies of additive manufacturing and sustainabilityB.a diverse set of technologies of additive manufacturingC.the comparison between additive and traditional manufacturingD.the experiments conducted by Journal of Industrial Ecology65.Which of the follo wing can be inferred about the researchers’ viewpoint from the p assage?A.3-D printing is viewed as a revolution in production.B.3-D printing is regarded as a kind of sustainable manufacturing.C.AM makes a harmful impact on environment, energy, and health.D.The challenges and advantages of AM need further studies.66.The passage mainly discusses .A.investigations of the 3-D printing processB.the environmental implications of 3-D printingC. studies of 3-D printing emissions and materialsD.assessments of additive manufacturing processesSection CA.The findings show that they also apply criticism to nontraditional women’s husbands.B.He is also regarded as having less power in the relationship.C.These include having a higher status, yielding more power, being more self-focused, ambitious and self-confident.D.The married surname tradition is more than just a tradition.E.Up to now, researchers have not yet examined how a woman’s married surname cho ice influences howothers look at her husband.F.W omen’s rightist scholars understand why the surname tradition remains widely supported.What does it mean for the husband when his wife keeps her own surname?The tradition of women adopting their husbands’ s urname after marriage is arguably one of the most widespread gender-role standards in Western cultures despite marked changes in the role that women play in society and in the labor force.According to previous studies, women who violate the married surname tradition are viewed differently from others. They are described in terms of instrumental characteristics that in a gendered society are typically assigned to men. 67 These characteristics contrast with the expressive characteristics that are typically assigned to women, such as being more caring, kind and having less influence and power.68 For this purpose, Robnett and her colleagues carried out three studies in the US and UK. The first two studies showed that husbands whose wives keep their own surnames are often described through terms that are opposed to the gender-typical personality characteristics and power framework used for men. They are described in more expressive than instrumental terms, and are seen to hold less power in a marriage. Their findings indicate that people conclude from married surname choices to make more general in ferences about a couple’s g ender-typed personality characteristics.Results from the third study conducted by Robnett’s team suggest that people hold different opinions in how they think about such cases. People who firmly hold on to traditional gender roles react particularly strongly to a man whose wife keeps her surname because they see him as an incapable person. ―We know from previous research that people high in unfriendly sexism(蔑视女性)respond negatively to women who violate traditional g ender roles,‖ says Robnett. ― 69 ‖―This study joins several others in implying a link between traditions in men and women’s romantic relationships and power structures favoring men,‖ says Robnett. ― 70 It reflects slight gender-role standards and ideas that often remain unquestioned despit e privileging men.‖Secure payment without leaving a traceComputer scientist Andy Rupp, member of the ―Signaling Code and Security‖ working group, is always surprised about lacking problem awareness: only few users are aware of the fact that by using payment systems they disclose in detail how and what they consume or which routes they have taken. To prevent control of the accounts by dishonest users, customer data and account balances of payment are usually carried out with the help of a central database. In every payment deal, the customer is identified and the details of her/his deal are transmitted to the central database. This repeated identification process produces a data trace that might be misused by the provider or third parties.The expert has now presented the basics of an ―electronic purse‖ that works by unknown names, but prevents misuse at the same time. The ―black-box addition plus‖ (BBA+) code system developed by them transfers all necessary account data to the card used or the smartphone and guarantees their secrets with the help of signaling code methods. At the same time, BBA+ offers security guarantees for the operator of the payment system: The code system guarantees a correct account balance and is mathematically constructed such that the identity of the user is disclosed as soon as the attempt is made to pay with a controlled account.―Our new code system guarantees privacy and security for customers dur ing offline operation as well,‖ Andy Rupp says. ―This is needed for ensuring the payment system’s suitability for daily use. Think of a subway doorway or a payment bridge. There you may have no internet connection at all or it is very slow.‖ Also its high efficiency makes the code system suited for everyday use: During first test runs, researchers completed payments within about one second.V.Translation72.他仍难以用英语表达自己的想法。

上海市青浦区2018届高考一模英语试卷含答案

2018届上海市青浦区高考英语一模试卷(考试时间120分钟，满分140分）I. Listening Comprehension Section A Short ConversationsDirections. In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end ofeach conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.2. A. In a clinic. B. In a cinema.C. In an electronics store.D. In a bookstore.3. A. A salesperson. B. A pilot. C. A waitress. D. A firefighter.4. A. To work in July. B. To print a form.C. To go back to school.D. To take a vocation.5. A. He dropped his phone. B. He hates long-distance calls.C. His call got cut off.D. His mobile is too long.6. A. He is consulting. B. He is arguing with the woman.C. He is complaining.D. He is giving advice.7. A. People are waiting at the automatic ticket machine.B. The man will not stay in line for the tickets.C. The woman will exchange tickets at the machine.D. They are waiting in line buying tickets for a movie.8. A. She has confidence in her job. B. She has just got a job promotion.C. She is excited to see the man.D. She will make greater efforts.9. A. Find a paper in the copy machine.B. Fill out an application form.C. Show her library card.D. Sit at the table next to her.10. A. The posters are not as good as the stalls.B. The stall could have been more amazing.C. The charity event was a copy of the past.D. She was having hearing problems.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. To show one’s love. B. To comfort someone.C. To identify an old friend.D. To congratulate someone.12. A. France. B. America. C. China. D. Britain.13. A. A comparison between the west and the east.B. People hug each other for many reasons.C. The French is a nation fond of hugging.D. A study on IQ and hugs.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.12. A. To save time for laws to take effect.B. To weaken the government’s check.C. To give himself more power.D. To change the country’s political system.13. A. A category. B. A measurement.B. An activity. D. An airport.14. A. The major industrial growth. B. The number of people at the airport.C. The side effect of an emergency.D. The unhealthy level of pollution.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.15. A. Aging process. B. A talk show.C. Job hunting.D. Work pressure.16. A. He will be in a talk show in the afternoon.B. He used to be an actor but now a manager.C. He noticed the woman was under stress long ago.D. He suggests the woman do something different.17. A. Hungry. B. Exhausted. C. Energetic. D. Relaxed.18. A. The woman feels stressed because she is aging.B. The woman feels sick, so she doesn,t want to have lunch.C. Payday makes the woman feel better despite the great pressure.D. The man was happy that he was not given the job he applied for II. Grammar and vocabulary II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.One day a professor entered the classroom and told the students about a surprise test. After hearing that, all students ____21____ (seat) and waited for the test to begin. The professor gave the test papers to all students with the text____22_____ (face) down at the desk. Once he handed out the test papers to all students, he asked them to turn the test pages and begin.Students’ were confused to see there was not a question ____23_____just a black dot in the center of the page. The professor noticed the students’ face expression and told them, “I want you to write about what you see there.”The students were even __24__ (confused) but started the test by then. At the end of the class,. the professor took all answer sheets and started reading each answer in front of all students. All of them described about the black dot, ___25______ position they tried to explain. After the professor finished reading, the whole class was silent.The professor explained, "Don't worry. I am not going to give you grades but I just want you to think about something. Here ___26______ focused on the black dot but no one wrote about the white paper, and the same is with our lives. The white paper represents our whole life and the black spot represents problems in our life. ___27___ our life is a gift given to us by God, with love and care, we have every reason to celebrate. Still we just focus on problems like healthissues, problems in relationships etc., but we never see these problems are very small compared with___28___ we have in our lives.”So there is the moral lesson: we ___29______ try to take eyes off our problems and enjoy each moment that life _____30____ (give) us. Be happy and live the life positively.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.approachedB. generousC. financiallyD. effortE. datesF. victimG. closed H. substituting I .boosts J.visible K.seeminglyHave you ever watched a television show or a movie and felt like you were watching a really long commercial? If so, then you’ve fallen ___31______to bad product placement (产植入）.Clever marketing folks want their products to be __32_ within a scene, but not the focus. When done correctly, product placement can add a sense of realism to a movie or television show.Product placement ___33______ from as early as 1950s when a drinks company paid to have a character in the movie The African Queen toss loads of their product overboard. Since then, there have been countless placements in thousands of movies.Sometimes product placement just happens. A set dresser (布景人员）might think of something that _34— the level of credibility or realism of the story. One example is the use of a can of ant killer in a violent fight scene in the popular television programme The Sopranos. A spokeswoman for the manufacturer said if the company had not been —35— about the use of their product, they would not have given it a thumbs-up.Arranged product placement deals are more prevailing. The most common type is a simple exchange of the product for the placement. A deal is made; in exchange for the airtime, the cast and crew are provided with a(n)___36______supply of the company's products.Sometimes, a gift of the product isn’t an appropriate form of compensation, and then the deal, ____37___with money, works well. Someone from a manufacturer's marketing team hears about a movie project, and approaches the set dresser with a(n) _38_ attractive proposal. They come to an agreement, and the product makes a number of 39— casual appearances. Both teams are happy.Before product placement really saw a rapid growth in the mid-1980s, it was pretty much a do-it-yourself ___40___. Now there are entire agencies that can handle the job. Some larger corporations will dedicate personnel to seek out opportunities for placement within films, television shows ——even games and music.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Traditionally uniforms were manufactured to protect the worker. When they were first designed, it is also likely that all uniforms made symbolic sense — those for the military, forexample, were originally____41_____to impress and even terrify the enemy; other uniforms indicated a distinction in ____42_____ chefs wore white because they worked with flour, but the main chef wore a black hat to show he inspected and supervised.The last 30 years, however, have seen an increasing____43_____ on their role in mirroring the image of an organiza tion and in uniting the workforce, particularly in “customer facing” industries. From uniforms and workwear has emerged “___44______ clothing”. “The people you employ are your ambassadors (大使），’’ says Peter Griffin, managing director of a major retailer in the UK. “What they say, how they look, and how they behave is of vital importance.” From being a simple means of ___45___ who is a member of staff, the uniform is emerging as a new channel of marketing communication.Truly effective marketing through____46_____ images such as uniforms is a subtle art, however. How we look sends all sorts of powerful messages to other people. Dark colors give a sense of ____47_____ while lighter color shades suggest approachability. Certain dress style creates a sense of conservatism (守旧），while others a sense of___48______ to new ideas. If the company is selling quality, then it must have quality uniforms. If it is selling style, its uniforms must be stylish. If it wants to appear ____49____, everybody can’t look exactly the same.But turning corporate philosophies into the right combination of color, style, degree of branding and uniformity is not always ____50_____. According to Company Clothing magazine, there are 1000 companies supplying the workwear and corporate clothing market. Of these, 22 ____51_____for 85% of total sales 一£380 million in 1994.A successful uniform needs to___52______two key sets of needs. On the one hand, no uniform will work if staff feel uncomfortable or ugly. On the other hand, it is ___53______ if the look doesn't express the business's marketing strategy. The greatest challenge in this respect is time. When it comes to human awareness, first impressions count. Customers will assess the way staff look in just a few seconds, and that few seconds will____54_____ their attitudes from then on. Those few seconds can be so important that big companies are prepared to____55_____ years, and millions of pounds, getting them right.41. A. intended B. tended C. extended D. attended42. A. statue B. stability C. status D. statistics43. A. preference B. argument C. compliment D. emphasis44. A. cooperate B. political C. corporate D. academic45. A. exposing B. identifying C. qualifying D. requesting46. A. studio B. audio C. visual D. casual47. A. clarity B. authority C. availability D. accessibility48. A. exposure B. rejection C. reluctance D. openness49. A. stable B. uniform C. innovative D. similar50. A. smooth B. disagreeable C. objective D. complex51. A. exchange B. call C. stand D. account52. A. establish B. balance C. neglect D. desert53. A. pointless B. significant C. useful D. careless54. A. maintain B.shape C. draw D. value55. A. commit B. command C. dedicate D. investSection CDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)St Kilda is a tiny archipelago (群岛）of the North Atlantic Ocean. The islands are among the most spectacular, but the greatest fascination is that, for over a thousand years, people lived there and possessed a sense of community. Cut off from the mainland, the islanders had a distinct way of living their lives, mainly eating the seabirds that returned to breed on the rocks.Isolation also had a big effect upon St kildans attitudes and ideas. The people sacrificed themselves year in and year out, in a constant battle to secure a livelihood. In such harsh conditions, life was only possible because the whole community worked together.In the 19th century St Kilda was subject to pressures from the outside world. Education, religion and tourism all attempted to throw the St Kildans5 way of life into doubt. In the early 20th century, the strength of the community became weakened as contact with the rest of Britain increased. When disease cut their numbers, and wind and sea made it difficult to get adequate food, the St Kildans were forced to turn to the mainland for assistance.In 1930, the St Kildans finally agreed to abandon their homes. They settled on the Scottish mainland, not realizing it meant throwing themselves into the 20th century. As adults, they had to accept those values most Scots believe in. For instance, the islanders found it difficult to' base their existence upon money. They had never lived in a world where they bought goods and services from each other.The islanders showed themselves indifferent to the jobs they were given on the mainland. The labours asked of them were unskilled compared with the spectacular skills they had once performed in order to kill seabirds. Moreover, killing birds had once provided the community with food to survive. On the mainland, however, the tasks they were asked to perform did not provide them immediately with what was needed to keep them fed and warm.The history of the St Kildans after the evacuation (撤离），of their inability and lack of resolution to fit into urban society, makes sad reading. When they were resettled on the mainland, the St Kildans were forced to live in a society whose values were unacceptable and incomprehensible to the majority of them. For many, the move was a tragedy.56. According to Paragraph 3, the following factors lead to St kildans seeking help from outside EXCEPT______________.A. unbearable windB. insufficient food supplyC. contact with BritainD. worsening health57. After the St Kildans inhabited Scotland, they .A. soon learned how to buy goods and services from othersB. had trouble adapting to the value of dominant society.C. exhibited willingness to carry out their given jobs.D. had the opportunity to show their skills of killing seabirds.58. Which of the following is NOT about how people used to live on St Kilda?A. The major source of food was found locally.B. It was essential for people to help each other.C. Very few people had visited mainland Scotland.D. Money played an insignificant role in life.59. What is the passage mainly concerned with?A. The role of money in modem communities.B. How a community adapted to a different form of life.C. The destruction of an old-fashioned community.D. How a small community fight against opposite conditions.(B)The following safety risks may result in serious injury or death to the user of the MINI Cooper S: •This product contains small parts that arc for adult assembly (组装）only. Keep small children away when assembling. Remove all protective materials before assembly. Be sure to remove all packaging materials and parts from underneath the car body.•Battery posts contain lead known to the state of California to cause cancer and reproductive harm. Never open the battery.•Body parts such as hands, legs, hair and clothing can get caught in moving parts. Never place a body part near a moving part or wear loose clothingwhile using the vehicle. Always wear shoes when using the vehicle.•Using the vehicle near streets, motor vehicles, drop-offs such as steps, water (swimming pools) or other bodies of water, hills, wet areas, in small lanes, at night or in the dark could result in an unexpected accident. Instead, use the vehicle on the highway. Always use the vehicle in a safe, secure environment.•Using the vehicle in unsafe conditions such as snow, rain, loose dirt, mud, or sand may result in unexpected action, for example tip over.•Using the vehicle in an unsafe manner. Examples include but are not limited to:•Pulling the vehicle with another vehicle or similar device •Allowing more than two riders •Pushing the user from the back •Traveling at an unsafe speed•Always use common sense and safe practices when using the vehicle.•Store the vehicle indoors or cover it to protect it from weather. Water will damage the motor, electric system, and battery.60. When assembling, you should______________________.A. open the battery on the spotB. ignore the packaging materialsC. make sure kids are not presentD. start from underneath the car61. According to the text, it is safer to______________________.A. use batteries containing leadB. drive in small lanes at midnightC. drive on the highway instead of on hillsD. wear loose clothes while driving61. Where can you probably find the text?A. In an official report.B. In a medical journal.C. In a physics textbook.D. In a product handbook.(C)In a land swept by typhoons and shaken by earthquakes，how have Japan’s tallest and seemingly most breakable old buildings 一500 or so wooden pagodas, tower-shaped buildings — remained standing for centuries? Japanese scholars have been confused for ages about their stability.For centuries，many attributed the resilience (抗震’性）of pagodas to the massive trunk-like central columns known as shinbashira, which bends and swings during a typhoon or earthquake, just like a tall tree. But the amazing thing is that the shinbashira actually does not carry any load at all but is suspended from the top of the pagoda —hanging loosely down。

2018届上海市徐汇区高考英语一模(含答案)(可编辑修改word版)

2017 学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷（满分140 分，考试时间120 分钟）2017.12考生注意：1. 考试时间120 分钟，试卷满分140 分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a bank.2. A. A concert. B. On the street.B. A book sale.C. At home.C. A banquet.D. In a cafe.D. An art exhibition.3. A. 50 minutes. B. 25 minutes.C. An hour and a quarter.D. An hour and a half.4. A. The train will arrive on time. B. The train is late due to the storm.C. The woman will take the next train.D. The woman has to wait for the train.5. A. She talks too much. B. She doesn’t like speaking.C. She is always very frank.D. She often talks loudly.6. A. She doesn’t want to have a birthday party. B. She doesn’t like the gift.C. She wants to forget her birthday.D. She doesn’t want to grow old.7. A. The woman doesn’t want to go out in the evening.B.The film is not worth seeing at all.C.The man won’t go to the movies with the woman.D.The man is very tired from his work.8. A. The summer this year is terribly hot. B. Last summer was even hotter.C. Hot weather helps people lose weight.D. Light was stronger this morning.9. A. He should have invited Mary. B. He is doing business with Mary.C. He was not a man of his word.D. He didn’t want to ask Mary to the party.10. A. She would rather invite more people to come.B.They prepared too much food at a previous meeting.C.The family members always eat a lot.第 1 页/ 共17 页微信公众号：上海试卷D.They should prepare more food and drinks.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She was born in a poor family.B.She worked as a doctor in her early life.C.She spent her whole life in London.D.She decided to help the poor when she was young.12. A. Because of the poor living conditions.B.Because she was sent to a settlement house.C.Because of her health problem.D.Because her family moved to another city.13. A. She founded the first settlement house in America.B.She wrote books about the problems faced by the poor.C.She introduced laws to help workers, women, and children.D.She helped those who had come to America from other countries.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They are available in different languages except Russian.B.They are a range of useful desktop publishing packages.C.They are not allowed to be taken out of the college.D.They can help the students with their language learning.15.A. Consult him frequently. B. Use the computer regularly.C. Occupy the computer early.D. Print essays patiently.16.A. Micro-computer lab service. B. Facilities of a college.C. The use of micro-computers.D. The operating of printers.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. He is the journalist of a local newspaper.B.He is a huge fan of international stories.C.He is an experienced editor of a TV program.D.He is an advocate for environmental protection.18. A. Current trends in economic development. B. Domestic issues of general social concern.C. International relations and foreign policies.D. Conflicts among different political parties.19. A. Based on what the public wants to know.B.By interviewing people who have stories.C.By analyzing the current social problems.第 2 页/ 共17 页D.Based on public expectations and editors’ judgment.20. A. First-hand stories. B. Practical experience.C. Audience’s feedback.D. Educational background.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Grasshopper in Van Gogh PaintingArt conservators(管理员) dream of finding (21) (hide) secrets in themasterpieces they look after. Rarely do they expect to find a dead grasshopper.Conservators at the Nelson-Atkins museum of art in Kansas City said theydiscovered the dead insect in one of its star paintings, Vincent van Gogh’s OliveTrees, when it (22) (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of its French painting collection.It was spotted by Mary Schafer. She told a local broadcaster that she found it in the work’s lower foreground. “(23)(look) at the painting with the microscope，I came across the tiny body of a grasshopper covered in the paint, so it (24) have occurred in the wet paint back in 1889.“We can connect it to Van Gogh painting outside, so we think of him battling the elements, dealing with the wind, the bugs, and then he’s got to walk back to his studio through the fi elds. What’s fun is that we can come up with all these stories for (25) the insect landed in the paint.”Schafer said they were curious to know if the grasshopper could be studied (26) (far) to possibly identify which season Van Gogh painted Olive Trees.Michael Engel, a professor at the University of Kansas, was approached (27) (examine) the grasshopper further. He discovered that part of the insect’s body was missing and there was no sign of movement in the surrounding paint. In other words, it was already dead (28) it somehow landed on the artist’s wet canvas and could not be used for dating purposes.Van Gogh painted Olive Trees in 1889, the year after his falling out with his friend Gauguin, (29) may have led to his famous act of self-mutilation in the history of art: cutting off his own ear.The grasshopper may not help in any art historical research but it has become a talking point for museum visitors, looking closely into the painting to see (30) they can spot the dead insect.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.第 3 页/ 共17 页A. concernsB. illegalC. circulationD. recommendedE. launchedF. conductingG. witnessing H. innovation I. emphasized J. regulations K. criticismsExperts agree that it is becoming a growing trend that more and more consumers across the country are using cashless payment methods.In fact, as early as 1988, the State Council released (31) to encourage bank transfers and to reduce using cash during economic activities. Today, the move toward a cashless society could“reduce the risks of using cash, save on costs and as a matter of convenience, prevent(32) activities such as money laundering( 洗钱),” Dong Ximiao, a research fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.But China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden, Denmark and Singapore are also (33) the increase of cashless payment. The rapid development of cashless payments does not mean there are no challenges and (34) .Alibaba’s Hema store, where customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile phones, have come into the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can’t purchase goods with cash there, which would be considered illegal. A Hema PR representative told the Global Times that all 13 Hema stores in the country do in fact allow consumers to pay in cash. She noted that Hema store simply(35) consumers to pay via Alipay for convenience purposes.Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation’s two major third-party mobile payment tools, also (36) campaigns this month to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods. Both called for the establishment of a “cashless society”, which caused (37) over whether cash will soon disappear. Dong (38) that a cashless society would not mean that cash would completely disappear. “As the economy grows, the (39) of cash is still very huge,” noted Dong.“Also, it’s important to remember that nearly half of China’s population lives in rural areas, especially in undeveloped western regions, and therefore is not able to enjoy (40) brought by the Inter net,” Dong said. “And when it comes to China’s senior citizens，most of them prefer to use cash in their daily life,” he added.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims.Students in the study became (41) even when shown the logo of burger chain McDonald’s so quickly on screen that they could not (42) it.Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal(潜意识的) effect on(43) , making people hurry regardless of whether th ey are pushed for time. They conclude: “Our experiments suggest that the (44) goal of saving time embedded in fast food may have the unexpected consequence of causing hurriedness and impatience.”Thinking about fast food increases (45) for time-saving products. “More (46) , we found that the mere exposure to fast food symbols reduced people’s willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate (47) over greater future return, finally harming their economic interest.”Student volunteers were quickly shown six logos from fast-food chains —McDonald’s, Burger King, KFC, Subway, Wendy’s and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what they were but the subliminal effect was (48) . Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it wassignificantly faster afterwards. Participants also preferred time-saving products like three-in-one skincare treatments rather than (49) versions after seeing the logos. When asked whether they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a week’s time, they again chose(50) reward after being exposed to the brands.Researcher Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professor of organizational behaviour at Canada’s Toronto University, said: “F ast food represents a culture of time efficiency and immediate (51) .” The problem is that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food(52) whether time is a relevant factor in the context. “ (53) , walking faster is time-efficient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it’s a sign of impatience when one is taking a walk in the park.”“We’re finding that the mere exposure to fast food is (54) a general sense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling(狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no (55) at all.”41. A. hungry B. stressful C. anxious D. timid42. A. recognize B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall43. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour44. A. common B. unconscious C. primary D. temporary45. A. preferences B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions46. A. naturally B. strikingly C. fortunately D. personally47. A. gain B. proof C. respond D. attention48. A. concealed B. imposed C. edited D. marked49. A. separate B. special C. expensive D. original50. A. potential B. constant C. intense D. instant51. A. cultivation B. resistance C. satisfaction D. awareness52. A. in terms of B. on account of C. regardless of D. with respect to53. A. In other words B. On the contrary C. For example D. In addition54. A. promoting B. assuming C. insulting D. assessing55. A. chance B. sense C. rush D. harmSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One of the most inspiring quotes I ever heard was by Brian Tracy. He said: “The difference between successful people and unsuccessful people is that successful people fail many more times than unsuccessful people.” I personally experienced the wisdom of th at understanding right after my first book was published. Like many authors, I expected hundreds of bookstore customers lining up for me to sign copies for them. I’m afraid to say, it didn’t quite happen like that.My first signing was arranged at the largest bookstore in the city. Filled with anticipation, I was put into a private signing room in the beautiful store. Despite a nice sign placed outside the room exhibiting images of both me and my book, not a single customer entered the room. As each minute passed, I became increasingly anxious.Do they not like the title? I wondered. Do they not like the book cover? After90 minutes of this torture, I was absolutely distraught.For the four years writing the book, I had felt a sense of mission and purpose like never before in my life. Working a full 8-hour day in my clinic, I had to get into bed by 9:30 pm every day, so I could wake upat 5:30 in the morning and have two hours of writing before heading into my clinic. Before I ever began each writing session, I would close my eyes for 10 minutes and then whisper,“Please grant me the words to touch just one person’s life.”Now, sitting there alone at my first book signing, I wondered if my entire life wasn’t just a big joke. At that moment, just when I couldn’t feel any worse, a middle-aged couple walked into the room. I managed to hide my emotions and introduced myself and my book. There was something different about the way they were looking at me that I couldn’t quite identify. But I didn't kno w what else to say. The couple turned to each other, and the husband nodded to his wife. She then told me, “I think we’ll get the book.” My heart began to pound. But I realized the woman was trying to say something else.“The reason we’re buying it,” she said hesitantly, “is because our son committed suicide two years ago. Maybe your story will help us get over it.”At that moment, I knew if I never sold another copy of the book, my four years of writing it had served its purpose. Although I would have many more challenging years until my book caught on and sold well, this couple’s story was all the motivation I needed at that point to keep me moving ahead. Thanks to them, I would come to the realization that the greatest of lives are made all in the same way: One challenge... one hurdle... one step... and one small victory at a time.56.The writer quotes Brian Tracy to emphasize the importance of .A.conscienceB. successC. confidenceD. perseverance57.The word “distraught” (paragraph 4) probably means .A.bored and impatientB. cheerful and proudC. upset and disappointedD. miserable and ashamed58.What can be inferred from paragraph 5?A.The writer had to quit his job to make time for his writing.B.The writer was not sure about the purpose of his writing at first.C.The writing was completed with great self-discipline and efforts.D.The process of writing the book was full of pains and frustration.59.By saying “my four years of writing it had served its purpose”,the author probably means that.A.he had succeeded in selling his first book to the coupleB.he had managed to touch someone’s life with his bookC.he was quite satisfied with the feedback of his readersD.he had found someone who appreciated his writing(B)The truth of our modern times is that you probably won’t find a student who does not use mobile applications today. Every student probably knows plenty of applications that fit his or her needs most, but there are still some mobile “helpers” no student sho uld live without.Raise — Save your money with discounted gift cards, especially with the Raise mobile app. Before you buy any back-to-school items, check the Raise app to see if there are any discounted gift cards you can buy to make your dollar go farther. Once you purchase a card, you can instantly use it online or in stores by showing the barcode on your phone —no need to worry about forgetting your gift cards at home.iStudiez Pro — For college students who are attempting to successfully manage a full schedule, iStudiez Pro can help ease your transition into college courses and help you organize your class schedule and plan out your days. iStudiez Pro is the best app for students which combines tracking schedule, homework and grades with a delightful user experience.SelfControl —College students are so easily distracted from the studying process! They always need to check new photos of their friends on Facebook, or share their mood with the world during a lecture. To avoid such distractions, the SelfControl application has been created: it blocks certain websites that can distract you from studying, and it does it for a set amount of time. So, when a lecture is finished, you are welcome to come back to your favorite websites again!Mint —It’s an easy-to-read app that links to all your bank accounts and gives you updates on how much you’ve been spending. It also lets you know what you’ve been spending your money on by organizing your expenses into categories (You may be surprised by how much you dish out on Starbucks after using the app for a while).LifeSite Vault —Parents struggle to make sure their college students have access to key personal documents and accounts, like Social Security numbers and bank account information.That’s where LifeSite Vault can help. It does so by keeping important documents “safe but accessible.” For example, with LifeSite Vault, users can upload everything from their Social Security cards to passports and birth certificates or upload a picture of a medical insurance card.60.The Raise mobile app is supposed to provide .A.sales information on school suppliesB. discounted gift cards for school itemsC. online shopping guidelinesD. a barcode on your phone61.If a college student wants to budget his finances and prevent himself from overspending, he willprobably need .A.iStudiez ProB. SelfControlC. MintD. LifeSite Vault62.What is the main purpose of this passage?A.To help college students increase learning efficiency.B.To recommend some helpful applications to students.C.To compare different types of online learning tools.D.To explain how to use some modern applications.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms(生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the genus(plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modern taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupings. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls, giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63.The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to .A.demonstrate Linnaeus’s method of classificationB.introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC.criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD.illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64.Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A.The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.B.Linnaeus’s original system of classification c onsisted of 3 domains.C.Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with little modifications.D.Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65.Which of the following is TRUE about protists?A.They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B.They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C.They are limited to single-cell organisms.D.They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.The Father of Modern TaxonomyB.Classifying OrganismsC.Development in Life FormsD.Linnaeus’s Classification SystemSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Many say collecting toys creates a sense of accomplishment.B.This is also why these adults are sometimes referred to as “kidults”.C.But scientists are probably just worrying too much.D.But this “fact” doesn’t seem to apply to today’s world anymore.E.At one point in our life, we all had and loved our own toys.F.Despite this, some social scientists see the trend as disturbing.Staying young foreverIt used to be a matter of fact when Peter Pan —a character from James Matthew Barrie’s 1911 book —said: “All children, except one, grow up.” (67)According to the NPD Group, a US market research company, sales of toys to adults in the UK increased by more than 20 percent in 2016, three times the pace of the children’s toy market itself.These toys ranged from puzzles and Lego building sets to vehicle models and action figures. And more than half of the sales came from millennials —people born between the 1980s and 2000s.“Adults of the 21st century are channeling their inner child, one toy at a time,” commented website Koreaboo. (68)According to Frederique Tutt, an analyst at NPD, the motivation of these grown-ups is to escape the stress of today’s fast-paced world. They are driven toward the more immediate pleasures brought by toys than those brought by, say, getting a promotion, which is far les s easy to achieve. “It reminds me of the playful side of life,” Rob Willner, a 25-year-old PhD student in the UK, told The Telegraph when talking about his love for Lego, which he said brings him both comfort and entertainment.(69)To Frank Furendi, a professor at the University of Kent in the UK, the fact that so many adults are pursuing “the thrills of youth” is the evidence that “adulthood has got nothing attractive about it anymore”, he told The New York Times. “That’s actually quite sad.”(70)According to Canadian comic book artist Todd McFarlane, collecting toys could simply be a way for people to express their individuality. “It’s just pop culture stuff. It’s stuff that says, ‘I like a little of this and I like a little of that’,” he told ABC News. “It’s no big deal.” So now that over 100 years have passed since Peter Pan, perhaps it’s time to introduce a new “fact”, as stated in the tagline of the UK fashion brand KIDULT: “Growing old is mandatory(强制的), but growing up is optional.”IV.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We see it everywhere. A tired parent, at the end of a stressful day, loses it — and a child suffers.We’d like to help if we could, but we hesitate. Is it our business to intervene(干涉)? And if we do, will we embarrass and offend the parent, making him or her even more angry with the child? Isn’t it wiser to walk past without comment? After all, none of us is a perfect parent.There seems to be a common assumption in our society that intervening on behalf of a child in a public place is necessarily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither. There is a world of difference between hurtful criticism (“How dare you treat your child like that?”) and helpful intervention done in a caring way (“It can be really hard to meet their needs when you’re so busy. Is there anything I can do to help?”) There is nothing essential in intervention that requires one to be offensive.My friends and I have witnessed some really harmful acts: hitting, severe verbal abuse, hurtful comparisons to brothers and sisters, and so on. These children accept this treatment because they are too helpless and inexperienced to stand up for themselves. That emotional abuse(虐待) leaves no outward scars should not excuse us from helping these children. Those of us who can recognize damaging treatment have an obligation to step in.There is one more reason for intervening that is nearly always overlooked in these discussions, but which I consider to be the most significant: the lifelong effect it can have on the child. Many adults in counseling sessions still recall with gratitude the one time that a stranger stepped in on their behalf, and how much it meant: that someone cared, and that the child’s feelings of anger and frustration were recognized and accepted. These adults have stated to me that this one intervention changed their lives and gave them hope. Are we to bypass the opportunity to make such a big difference in the life of a child?V.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.今晚的音乐会门票已全部售罄。

2018届高三英语第一次模拟考试试题及参考答案

2018届高三英语第一次模拟考试试题及参考答案推荐文章2017届高三英语第一次月考试题及参考答案热度： 2018届盐城市高三英语第一次模拟考试卷及参考答案热度：2017年江西高三英语联考试卷及参考答案热度：高考英语复习的建议和复习策略热度：高三提高英语语法的技巧和方法热度：英语作为高考的重要考试科目之一,考试们平时复习的适合不光是背背单词就行了，还有多做一些模拟习题来总结自己的不足之处，下面小编整理了2018届高三英语第一次模拟考试试题参考答案，一起来看看吧!2018届高三英语第一次模拟考试试题第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AIf you have a bad habit of losing things, a new device that can be connected to any item that you might lose may be the way to solve your problem. The Tile, a small square linked up to your iPhone or iPad via Bluetooth, lets you see how close you are to the missing item, within a 50-to 150-foot range . If the item goe s out of your phone’s 150-foot range, it can still be detected (发现) on other smartphones with the same app.When you log into the app on your phone, it shows you, with green bars that increase or decrease, how far away you are from the Tile. You can also program it to make a sound when you get close to the Tile. And you can link up your phone with up to ten Tiles. And if your lost item — a dog, for example, or a stolen bike —goes out of your own phone’s 150-foot Bluetooth range, youcan set it as a “lost item”. If any of the phones with the Tile app comes within the range of your lost item, a message will be sent to your own phone, reminding you of its position. The Tile app also has the function to remember where it last saw your Tile, so that you can easily find where you left it.Since the Tiles use Bluetooth rather than GPS, they never run out of battery or need to be charged, and they last for one year before needing to be replaced. The app, which will come into the market this winter, works with iPhone 5S, iPhone 6, iPad Mini, iPad 3rd and 4th generation, and iPod 5th generation.1. The Tile app can help you .A. find your missing itemsB. use your phone more wiselyC. save your phone’s battery powerD. connect something to your phone2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. The Tile needs to be charged after a year of use.B. One smartphone can only be linked up to one Tile.C. The Tile cannot work when linked up to a phone without Bluetooth.D. A missing item can’t be found if it goes out of the needed range.3. What does the second paragraph mainly tell us?A. What the Tile app is.B. How the Tile app works.C. The advantages of the Tile app.D. Why the Tile app was invented.4. Where does this passage probably come from?A. A science fiction novel.B. An advertisement.C. A personal diary.D. A news report.BThe island of Port Cros is in the south of France. I first visitedit about ten years ago with my wife. I had read that it was a magical place and it seemed fascinating (迷人的), but I couldn’t believe that it was true. In fact, it was much more magical than the tourist brochures (指南) had said.The island is mountainous and covered in trees. The water around the island is transparent like glass. When I first visited it, there was mist rising from the trees. The little harbor looked mysterious and remote: tall palm trees, a few shops and restaurants, no cars, motorcycles or bikes.It is not by chance that the island has kept its natural beauty. Once, it was privately owned and the owners always wanted to keep it in its natural state. In 1963, Port Cros became a national park. The park directors made some rules to protect the island. They didn’t allow any new building projects. There is only one hotel and no camping is allowed. Vi sitors can’t use mountain bikes or smoke on the island. Sailing boats that visit the island mustn’t damage the bottom of the sea or pollute the water around it.When we arrived, we started walking to the beach of Port-Man, which was the furthest beach from the port. It took us two hours and when we arrived, the beach was deserted. It seemed that we were the only people on the island. Time seemed to stop. It was so beautiful that we stayed there all day. I visited there again last summer. Nothing had changed. The island still looked magical and mysterious, still with few tourists. It must be wonderful to stay the night on the island, I thought. After all the visitors have gone, the island must be so quiet—a real paradise (天堂)!5. The author got to know Port Cros at first due to _____.A. some tourist brochuresB. his wife’s introductionC. his first visit thereD. some TV programs6. How has the natural beauty of the island been kept according to the text?A. Foreign visitors are not allowed to visit it.B. Nothing has been built in the park there.C. Only bikes can be used on the island.D. Sailing boats mustn’t pollute the water.7. When the author first visited Port Cros, _____.A. it was very sunnyB. there were few visitors thereC. it took them a whole day to walk to Port-ManD. the island was deserted and he stayed there for a whole nightCCamp Jano IndiaCelebrate Indian culture, languages, arts, festivals and literature. Weekly themes are brought to life through related arts, games, projects, stories and theatre in a very unique, exciting, creative, interactive (互动的) and structured style. A very unique and memorable (难忘的) experience that kids will want to repeat! Mornings are spent with the Hindi language at the child’s level. Afternoons provide the cultural elements taught in an interactive style with special emphasis (重点) on drama.Bay Language AcademyWe invite campers (4-12 years old) to travel and open up doors to explore past and recent civilizations through daily field trips. Cultures will be shown through customs and cooking. Lectures (6/10-8/30) will introduce/reinforce French, Spanish or Chinese and the cultures they convey. Our language summer-camp is infused (灌输) with cultural activities and taught by a team of bilingual (通晓双语的) instructors.Petits ConfettisWant your 3- to 5-year-old kids to experience a French camp? Come and join us for 6 weeks of French camps!Kids will be totally happy to learn French and French culture while they take part in team projects like building a tipi or making French bread. Weekly themes include cooking, arts, drama, outdoor activities, board games, music, yoga, rhymes and story time.Chinese Immersion Summer CampThis is our 11th Chinese language and culture summer camp. We take children from 6th grade. This year we continue the weekly fun themes like art, science, cooking and sports in the morning. In the afternoon, we have abacus, reading and Chinese culture lessons taught in Chinese. Our teachers are all native speakers with a lot of experience. Our weekly field trips go to different places like SF zoo, tech museums, fire stations etc.8. Camp Jano India can give children a memorable experience probably because ______.A. it has quite experienced teachersB. it teaches Indian languages at different levelsC. the activities are arranged for the whole dayD. the activities are carried on in an interesting style9. Bay Language Academy and Chinese Immersion Summer Camp are similar in that ______.A. they both provide field tripsB. they both have bilingual teachersC. they both provide sports programs in the morningD. they are both intended for kids of 4-12 years old10. A girl who likes yoga will go to ______.A. Camp Jano IndiaB. Bay Language AcademyC. Petits ConfettisD. Chinese Immersion Summer Camp11. What is the common theme of the four camps?A. Fun and sports.B. Travel and adventure.C. Language and culture.D. Art and music.DOn Sunday, August 24th, comic book lovers across the world held their breath to watch how much crazy collectors would pay for a rare Superman comic book. Though bids (出价) above the initial asking price of 1 million dollars had been coming in gradually since the copy was placed on the auction site (拍卖网站) eBay on July 14th, things really started to heat up during the final minutes when the price jumped from $2.5 to $2.6 and then $2.7 million, before shooting up to unbelievable 3,207,852 dollars!This of course was no ordinary Superman comic book, but an edition of the extremely sought-after (很吃香地) No. 1 of Action Comics series — the first publication of the superhero that was born from the creative minds of teenagers Joe Shuster and Jerry Siegel. Though Action Comics No. 1, which depicted a diaper-clad baby Superman lifting furniture, had a print run of 200,000 copies, only about 100 are known to exist today.While the rarity is certainly a reason for the high price, Stephen Fisher, CEO of , thinks it also has a lot to do with the fact that Superman was the world’s first superhero! Even so, none of the copies have been able to fetch (售得) as much as the most recent one, simply because they have not been as well-preserved. Graded a rare 9 out of 10 by CGC, a third party grading service for comic books, the book is the highest rated copy of Action Comics No. 1 so far. According to CGC officials, the 76-year-old comic book looks and feels as though it has just come off the newsstand (报摊).That is not surprising given that the original owner, a Virginian man who bought the book for only 10 cents in 1938, had carefully tucked it away (藏起来) in a wooden box for four decades. Fortunately, when he passed away, the book was bought by a string of collectors who all realized it was a rare treasure that needed to be looked after.Before this, the highest price paid for an Action Comics No.1 had been $2 million for a copy sold by Hollywood actor Nicholas Cage in 2011. Ironically, the two teenagers responsible for creating Superman received just 130 dollars when they sold the rights to the superhero to comic book publisher Detective Comics in 1938.12. When the Superman comic book was placed on eBay on July 14th, .A. it attracted no attention at allB. things started to heat up immediatelyC. the bid price didn’t go up very quickly at firstD. people thought it was worth millions of dollars13. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?A. Why the comic book is well-preserved.B. Why the comic book is well worth reading.C. Why the comic book is worth so much money.D. Why the comic book has drawn so much attention.14. When the other collectors got the comic book after the Virginian man, they .A. all took very good care of itB. all liked reading it very muchC. didn’t believe it was worth a fortuneD. all kept it in the same way as that man15. What do we know about the creators of Superman?A. They didn’t want to sell the rights to a comic bookpublisher.B. They knew all along Superman would be the most successful comic book.C. They were professional comic book writers when they created Superman.D. They didn’t make much money from creati ng Superman.第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2018届上海市上海中学高三英语模拟练习(一)(解析版)

2018年上海中学高三英语模拟练习（一）Grammarand VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passagecoherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill ineach blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, useone word that best fits each blank.Today theStatue of Liberty is a beloved landmark. It ___1___(tower) above of theharbor of New York and is lovingly cared for by the National Park Service. Manythousands of visitors who visit Liberty Island each year might never suspectthat getting the statue ___2___(build) was a long slow struggle. More than acentury ago, it ___3___(be) the celebration of freedom and the commemorationof the friendship between America and France that inspired sculptor AugusteBartholdi and finally he went forward with designing the potential statue andpromoting the idea of building it. However, money was so big a problem ___4___was haunting the two governments from the beginning to the end.Donations forthe building of the statue first began coming in throughout France in 1875.Numerous people gave donations. A copper company donated the copper sheets thatwould be used to fashion the skin of the statue. Various donations werehelpful, ___5___ the cost of the statue kept riding. ___6___(face) with ashortfall of money, the French-American Union held a lottery. Merchants inParis donated prizes, and tickets were sold. The lottery was a success, butmore money was still needed. The sculptor Bartholdi eventually sold miniatureversions of the statue, ___7___ the name of the buyer engraved on them.Finally, in July 1880 the French-American Union announced that enough money hadbeen raised to complete the building of the statue.While theFrench had announced that the funds for the statues were in place in 1880, bylate 1882 the American donations, which would be needed to build the pedestal,were sadly lagging. The sculptor Bartholdi had travelled to America in 1871 topromote the idea of the statue. Despite Bartholdi’s efforts, t he idea of thestatue was difficult___8___(sell). some newspapers, most notably the New YorkTimes, often criticized the statue as folly, and vehementlyopposed ___9___(spend) any money on it. The newspaper publisher JosephPulitzer, who had purchased a New Y ork City daily, The World, in the early1880s, took us the cause of the statue’s pedestal. He mounted an energetic funddrive, promising to print the name of each donor, ___10___ small the donation,Pulitzer’s audacious plan worked, and millions of people around the countrybegan donating whatever they could.In August1885, that final $100,000 for the statue;s pedestal had been raised.Construction work on the stone structure continued, and the next year theStatue of Liberty, which had arrived from France packed in crated, was erectedon top.【答案】1. towers2. built3. was4. as5. but6. Faced7. with8. to sell 9. spending10. however【解析】本文就是关于养宠物的好处，科学不能解释宠物的力量，但很多研究都表明有了宠物的陪伴(company of pets)，可以帮我们降低血压和恢复心脏功能，并且减少我们的孤独感。

2018上海各区高三英语一模——11选10(包含答案)

【2018-宝山区一模】Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.The discovery builds on earlier findings showed that a class of genes called splicing (胶接) factors is progressively switched off as we age. The research team found that splicing factors can be switched back on with chemicals, making aging cells not only look ____31____ younger, but start to divide like young cells.The researchers applied compounds chemicals based on a ____32____ naturally found in red wine, dark chocolate, red grapes and blueberries, to cells in culture. The chemicals ____33____ splicing factors, which are progressively switched off as we age to be switched back on. Within hours, the cells looked younger and started to rejuvenate, behaving like young cells.The discovery has the ___34_____ to lead to therapies that could help people age better, without experiencing some of the degenerative effects of getting old. Most people by the age of 85 have experienced some kind of chronic illness, and as people get older they are more prone to stroke, heart disease and cancer.Professor Harries as saying, “This is a first step in trying to make people live ___35_____ lifetime, but with health for their entire life. Our data suggests that using chemicals to switch back on the major class of genes that are switched off as we age might provide a means to ____36____ to old cells.”Dr Eva Latorre, Research Associate at the University of Exeter, who carried out the experiments, was surprised by the ____37____ and rapidity of the changes in the cells.“When I saw some of the cells in the culture dish ___38_____ I couldn’t believe it. These old cells were looking like young cells. It was like magic,” she said. “I repeated the experiments several times and in each case the cells rejuvenated. I am very excited by the implications and potential for this research.”As we age, our tissues accumulate senescent cells which are alive but do not grow or ____39____ as they should. These old cells lose the ability to correctly regulate the output of their genes. This is one reason why tissues and organs become susceptible to disease as we age. When activated, genes make a message that gives the ____40____ for the cell to behave in a certain way. Most genes can make more than one message, which determines how the cell acts.Splicing factors are crucial in ensuring that genes can perform their full range of functions.31. I 32. B 33. H 34. D 35. C 36. J 37. A 38. E 39. G 40. F【2018-崇明区一模】Section BCompany Builds World’s First Automobile V ending Machine（自动贩卖机）Thanks to used-car website Carvana, it is now possible to buy your own set of wheels at the touch of a button, from the world’s first and only coin-operated car vending machine in Nashville, Tennessee. It’s quick, easy, and not cheap, but cheaper than buying a car the old way.The company has been working on the concept for the past two years. Their __31__ car vending machine was installed in Atlanta in 2013. But they’ve spent time improving the design, in order to take user experience to the next level. “Our new Vending Machine is a state-of-the-art, multi-story structure that delivers our customers’ cars by merely __32__ a special coin,” said Carvana CEO Ernie Garcia.The machine consists of a five-story glass tower that can hold up to 20 cars at a time. The tower basically serves as a(n) __33__ point for used cars that customers purchase through the website, enabling __34__ pricing and eliminating delivery costs.Customers can access a long list of specifications, ratings, reviews, and lots of other details about the cars they’re interested in on the Carvana website. They even get __35__ tours that point out every scratch on the body of the car. Once the car is chosen and paid for, the company usually delivers the car to the customer for a seven-day trial period. This usually means the delivery costs are worked into the the __36__ of the vehicle.But with the Vending Machine, customers are able to go to pick up their cars straight away. It’s a win-win __37__ that allows Carvana to cut down on staff and overhead（间接费用）, and save customers about $2,000 as well. According to the company, it also makes for a great __38__ experience – placing an oversized coin in a slot（硬币投币口）and watching their car roll down automatically.“Carvana’s __39__ is to create a better way to buy a car, and this n ew Vending Machine will be a one-of-a-kindexperience, __40__ just how simple and easy we’ve made it to buy a car online,” Garcia said. He added the company plans to build more car vending machines in the future.31. E 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. J 36. G 37. A 38. K 39. F 40. H【2018-奉贤区一模】Section BThere’s nothing more annoying than settling down to sleep and hearing the sound of a mosquito buzzing around you.The only thought most of us ever give to this noise is “I need to get rid of this insect, immediately”, but it turns out that the mosquito is actually quite a(n) __31__ creature.A term of scientists from Oxford University in the UK, in __32__ with the Royal Veterinary College in London and Chiba University in Japan, recently published a study that found some interesting facts about the world’s most __33__ insect.By placing eight cameras inside a tiny film studio, the scientists could study several mosquitoes up close. The high-tech cameras filmed the insects at 1,000 frames per second, meaning the scientists were able to study the insects’ __34__ in never-before-seen detail. However, it wasn’t always straightforward.“Recording mosquitoes during free-flight represented a huge technical challenge due to their small size, __35__ wing beat frequency, and the presence of large antennae and legs that can __36__ the view of their wings,” S imon Walker of Oxford University, co-author of the study, wrote.Published in the journal Nature, the study found that mosquitoes flap their wings around 800 times a second. As a __37__, house flies flap their wings about 200 times a second, and hummingbirds 50 times a second.Richard Bomphrey of the Royal Veterinary College, the study’s leader, believes that mosquitoes have a unique flying method that sets them apart from other flying insects.“We predicted that they must make use of clever tricks, as t he wings __38__ their direction at the end of each。

上海市徐汇区2018届高三一模英语试题Word版含答案

Ⅰ. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a bank. B. On the street. C. At home. D. In a cafe.2. A. A concert. B. A book sale. C. A banquet. D. An art exhibition.3. A. 50 minutes. B. 25 minutes.C. An hour and a quarter.D. An hour and a half.4. A. The train will arrive on time. B. The train is late due to the storm.C. The woman will take the next train.D. The woman has to wait for the train.5. A. She talks too much. B. She doesn’t like speaking.C. She is always very frank.D. She often talks loudly.6. A. She doesn’t want to have a birthday party. B. She doesn’t like the gift.C. She wants to forget her birthday.D. She doesn’t want to grow old.7. A. The woman doesn’t want to go out in the evening.B. The film is not worth seeing at all.C. The man won’t go to the movies with the woman.D. The mail is very tired from his work.8. A. The summer this year is terribly hot. B. Last summer was even hotter.C. Hot weather helps people lose weight.D. Light was stronger this morning.9. A. He should have invited Mary. B. He is doing business with Mary.C. He was not a man of his word.D. He didn’t want to ask Mary to the party.10. A. She would rather invite more people to come.B. They prepared too much food at a previous meeting.C. The family members always eat a lot.D. They should prepare more food and drinks.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She was born in a poor family.B. She worked as a doctor in her early life.C. She spent her whole life in London.D. She decided to help the poor when she was young.12. A. Because of the poor living conditions.B. Because she was sent to a settlement house.C. Because of her health problem.D. Because her family moved to another city.13. A. She founded the first settlement house in America.B. She wrote books about the problems faced by the poor.C. She introduced laws to help workers, women, and children.D. She helped those had come to America from other countries.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They are available in different languages except Russian.B. They are a range of useful desktop publishing packages.C. They are not allowed to be taken out of the college.D. They can help the students with their language learning.15. A. Consult him frequently. B. Use the computer regularly.C. Occupy the computer early.D. Print essays patiently.16. A. Micro-computer lab service. B. Facilities of a college.C. The use of micro-computers.D. The operating of printers.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. He is the journalist of a local newspaper.B. He is a huge fan of international stories.C. He is an experienced editor of a TV program.D. He is an advocate for environmental protection.18. A. Current trends in economic development. B. Domestic issues of general social concern.C. International relations and foreign policies.D. Conflicts among different political parties.19. A. Based on what the public wants to know.B. By interviewing people who have stories.C. By analyzing the current social problems.D. Based on public expectations and editors’ judgment.20. A. First-hand stories. B. Practical experience.C. Audience’s feedback.D. Educational background.Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Grasshopper in Van Gogh PaintingArt conservators (管理员) dream of finding (21) ________ (hide) secrets in the masterpieces they look after. Rarely do they expect to find a dead grasshopper.Conservators at the Nelson-Atkins museum of art in Kansas City said they discovered the dead insect in o ne of its star paintings, Vincent van Gogh’s Olive Trees, when it (22) ________ (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of its French painting collection.It was spotted by Mary Schafer. She told a local broadcaster th at she found it in the work’s l ower foreground. “(23) ________ (look) at the painting with the microscope, I came across the tiny body of a grasshopper covered in the paint, so it (24) ________ have occurred in the wet paint back in 1889.“We can connect it to Van Gogh painting outside, so we think of him battling the elements, dealing with the wind, the bugs, and then he’s got to walk back to his studio through the fields. What’s fun is that we can come up wit h all these stories for (25) ________ the insect landed in the paint.”Schafer said they were curious to know if the grasshopper could be studied (26) ________ (far) to possibly identify which season Van Gogh painted Olive Trees.Michael Engel, a professor at the University of Kansas, was approached (27) ________ (examine) the grasshopper fu rther. He discovered that part of the insect’s body was missing and there was no sign of movement in the surrounding paint. In other words, it was already dead (28) ________ it somehow landed on the artist’s wet canvas and could not be used for da ting purposes.Van Gogh painted Olive Trees in 1889, the year after his falling out with his friend Gauguin, (29) ________ may have led to his famous act of self-mutilation in the history of art: cutting off his own ear.The grasshopper may not help in any art historical research but it has become a talking point for museum visitors, looking closely into the painting to see (30) ________ they can spot the dead insect.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Experts agree that it is becoming a growing trend that more and more consumers across the country are using cashless payment methods.In fact, as early as 1988, the State Council released _(31)_ to encourage bank transfers and to reduce using cash during economic activities. Today, the move toward a cashless society could “reduce the risks of using cash, save on costs and as a matter of convenience, prevent _(32)_ activities such as money laundering (洗钱),” Dong Ximiao, a research fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.But China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden, Denmark and Singapore are also _(33)_ the increase of cashless payment. The rapid developmentof cashless payments does not mean there are no challenges and _(34)_.Alibaba’s Hema store, w here customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile phones, have come into the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can’t purchase goods wit h cash there, which would be considered illegal. A Hema PR representative told the Global Times that all 13 Hema stores in the country do in fact allow consumers to pay in cash. She noted that Hema store simply _(35)_ consumers to pay via Alipay for convenience purposes.Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation’s two major third-party mobile payment tools, also _(36)_ campaigns this month to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods. Both called for the establishme nt of a “cashless society”, which caused _(37)_ over whether cash will soon disappear. Dong _(38)_ that a cashless society would not mean that cash would completely disappear. “As the economy grows，the _(39)_ of cash is still very huge,” noted Dong.“Also, it’s important to remember that nearly half of China’s population lives in rural areas, especially in undeveloped western regions, and therefore is not able to enjoy _(40)_ brought by the Internet,” Dong said. “And when it comes to China’s senior citizens, most of them prefer to use cash in their daily life,” he added.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims.Students in the study became _(41)_ even when shown the logo of burger chain McDonald’s so quickly on screen that they could not _(42)_ it.Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal (潜意识的) effect on _(43)_, making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time. They conclude: “Our experiments suggest th at the _(44)_ goal of saving time embedded in fast food may have die unexpected consequence of causing hurriedness and impatience.”Thinking about fast food increases _(45)_ for time-saving products. “More _(46)_, we foundthat the mere exposure to fast fo od symbols reduced people’s willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate _(47)_ over greater future return, finally harming their economic interest.”Student volunteers were quickly shown six logos from fast-food chains —McDonald’s, Burger King, K FC, Subway, Wendy’s and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what t hey were but the subliminal effect was _(48)_. Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it was significantly faster afterwards. Participants also preferred time-saving products like three-in-one skincare treatments rather than _(49)_ versions after seeing the logos. When asked weather they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a week’s time, they again chose _(50)_ reward after being exposed to the brands.Researcher Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professor of organizational behaviour at Canada’s Toronto University, said: “Fast food represents a culture of time efficiency and immediate _(51)_The problem is that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food _(52)_ whether time is a relevant factor in the context. “_(53)_, walking faster is time-efficient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it’s a sign of impatience when one is t aking a walk in the park.”“We’re finding that the mere exposure to fast food is _(54)_ a general sense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling (狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no _(55)_ at all.”41. A. hungry B. stressful C. anxious D. timid42. A. recognize B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall43. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour44. A. common B. unconscious C. primary D. temporary45. A. preferences B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions46. A. naturally B. strikingly C. fortunately D. personally47. A. gain B. proof C. respond D. attention48. A. concealed B. imposed C. edited D.marked49. A. separate B. special C. expensive D. original50. A. potential B. constant C. intense D. instant51. A. cultivation B. resistance C. satisfaction D. awareness52. A. in terms of B. on account of C. regardless of D. with respect to53. A. In other words B. On the contrary C. For example D. In addition54. A. promoting B. assuming C. insulting D. assessing55. A. chance B. sense C. rush D. harm Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One of the most inspiring quotes I ever heard was by Brian Tracy. He said: “The difference between successful people and unsuccessful people is that successful people fail many more times than unsuccessful people.” I personally experienced the wisdom of that understanding right after my first book was published. Like many authors，I expected hundreds of bookstore customers lining up for me to sign copies for them. I’m afraid to say, it didn’t quite happen like that.My first signing was arranged at the largest bookstore in the city. Filled with anticipation，I was put into a private signing room in the beautiful store. Despite a nice sign placed outside the room exhibiting images of both me and my book, not a single customer entered the room. As each minute passed, I became increasingly anxious.Do they not like the title? I wondered. Do they not like the book cover?After 90 minutes of this torture, I was absolutely distraught.For the four years writing the book, I had felt a sense of mission and purpose like never before in my life. Working a full 8-hour day in my clinic, I had to get into bed by 9:30 pm every day, so I could wake up at 5:30 in the morning and have two hours of writing before heading into my clinic. Before I ever began each writing session, I would close my eyes for 10 minutes and th en whisper, “Please grant me the words to touch just one person’s life”Now, sitting there alone at my first book signing，I wondered if my entire life wasn’t just a big joke. At that moment, just when I couldn’t feel a ny worse, a middle-aged couple walked into the room. I managed to hide my emotions and introduced myself and my book. There was something different about the way they were looking at me that I couldn’t quite identify. But I didn’t know what else to say. Th e couple turned to each other, and the husband nodded to his wife. She then told me, “I think we’ll get the book.” My heart began to pound. But I realized the woman was trying to say something else.“The reason we’re buying it，” she said hesitantly, “is be cause our son committed suicide two years ago. Maybe your story will help us get over it.”At that moment, I knew if I never sold another copy of the book, my four years of writing it had served its purpose. Although I would have many more challenging years until my book caught on and sold well, this couple’s story was all the motivation I needed at that point to keep me moving ahead. Thanks to them, I would come to the realization that the greatest of lives are made all in the same way: One challenge... one hurdle... one step... and one small victory at a time.56. The writer quotes Brian Tracy to emphasize the importance of _________.A. conscienceB. successC. confidenceD. perseverance57. The word “distraught” (paragraph 4) probably means ________.A. bored and impatientB. cheerful and proudC. upset and disappointedD. miserable and ashamed58. What can be inferred from paragraph 5?A. The writer had to quit his job to make time for his writing.B. The writer was not sure about the purpose of his writing at first.C. The writing was completed with great self-discipline and efforts.D. The process of writing the book was full of pains and frustration.59. By saying “my four years of writing it had served its purpose”, the author probably meansthat _________.A. he had succeeded in selling his first book to the coupleB. he had managed to touch someone’s life with his bookC. he was quite satisfied with the feedback of his readersD. he had found someone who appreciated his writing(B)60. The Raise mobile app is supposed to provide ________.A. sales information on school suppliesB. discounted gift cards for school itemsC. online shopping guidelinesD. a barcode on your phone61. If a college student wants to budget his finances and prevent himself from overspending, he will probably need ________.A. iStudiez ProB. SelfControlC. MintD. LifeSite Vault62. What is the main purpose of this passage?A. To help college students increase learning efficiency.B. To recommend some helpful applications to students.C. To compare different types of online learning tools.D. To explain how to use some modem applications.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms (生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modem classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the gents (plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiari s, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modem taxonomy, a system of classifying nature basedon hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modem taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupings. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls, giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63. The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to ________.A. demonstrate Linnaeus’s method of classificationB. introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD. illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.B. Linnaeus’s original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.C. Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with little modifications.D. Modem taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65. Which of the following is TRUE about protests?A. They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B. They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. the Father of Modern TaxonomyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Development in Life FormsD. Linnaeus’s Classification SystemSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Staying young foreverIt used to be a matter of fact when Peter Pan —a character from James Matthew Barrie’s 1911 book —said: “All children, except one, grow up.”（67) ________According to the NPD Group, a US market research company, sales of toys to adults in the UK increased by more than 20 percent in 2016, three times the pace of the children’s toy market itself. These toys ranged fi om puzzles and Lego building sets to vehicle models and action figures. And more than half of the sales came from millennials —people born between the 1980s and 2000s.“Adults of the 21st century a r e channeling their inner child, one toy at a time,” commented website Koreaboo. (68) ________According to Frederique Tutt, ail analyst at NPD, the motivation of these grown-ups is to escape the stress of today’s fast-paced world. They are driven toward the more immediate pleasures brought by toys than those brought by, say, getting a promotion, which is far less easy to achieve. “It reminds me of the playfu l side of life,” Rob Willner，a 25-year-old PhD student in the UK, told The Telegraph when talking about his love for Lego, which he said brings him both comfort and entertainment.(69) _________ To Frank Furendi, a professor at the University of Kent in the UK, the fact that so many adults are pursuing “the thrills of youth” is the evidence that “adulthood has got nothing attractive about it anymor e”, he told The New York Times. “That’s actually quite sad.”(70) ________ According to Canadian comic book artist Todd McFarlane，collecting toys could simply be a way for people to express their individuality. “It’s just pop culture stuff. It’s stuff that says, ‘I like a little of this and I like a little of that’,” he told ABC News. “It’s no big deal.”So now that over 100 years have passed since Peter Pan, perhaps it’s time to introduce a new “fact”, as stated in the tagline of the UK fashion brand KIDULT: “Growing old is mandatory(强制的), but glowing up is optional.”Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We see it everywhere. A tired parent, at the end of a stressful day, loses it —and a child suffers. We’d like to help if we could, but we hesitate. Is it our business to intervene (干涉)? And if we do, will we embarrass and offend the parent, making him or her even more angry with the child? Isn’t it wiser to walk past wit hout comment? After all, none of us is a perfect parent.There seems to be a common assumption in our society that intervening on behalf of a child in a public place is necessarily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither. There is a world of difference between hurtfu l criticism (“How dare you treat your child like that?”）and helpful intervention done in a caring way (“It can be really hard to meet their needs w h en you’re so busy. Is there anything I can do to help?”）There is nothing essential in intervention that requires one to be offensive.My friends and I have witnessed some really harmful acts: hitting, severe verbal abuse,hurtful comparisons to brothers and sisters, and so on. These children accept this treatment because they are too helpless and inexperienced to stand up for themselves. That emotional abuse (虐待) leaves no outward scars should not excuse us from helping these children. Those of us who can recognize damaging treatment have an obligation to step in.There is one more reason for intervening that is nearly always overlooked in these discussions, but which I consider to be the most significant: the lifelong effect it can have on the child. Many adults in counseling sessions still recall with gratitude the one time that a stranger stepped in on their behalf, and how much it meant: that someone cared, and that the child’s feelings of anger and frustration were recognized and accepted. These adults have stated to me that this one intervention changed their lives and gave them hope. Are we to bypass the opportunity to make such a big difference in the life of a child?V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 今晚的音乐会门票已全部售罄。

上海市2018年黄浦区高三英语一模. 高考英语系列

上海市黄浦区2017-2018学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试英语试卷（完卷时间：120分钟满分：140分）第I卷（共100分）I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.Before dinner. B.During the meal.C.After dinner.D.Tomorrow evening.2. A.In a hotel. B.At a bus station.C.In a cinema.D.At an airport.3. A.Salesman and customer. B.Boss and secretary.C.Doctor and patient.D.Doctor and nurse.4. A.4. B.5. C.6. D.7.5. A.The lecture. B.The heat.C.The workload.D.The air quality.6. A.Confident. B.Nervous. C.Uninterested. D.Annoyed.7. A.Visit the company. B.Re-write his resumé.C.Get a job on campus.D.Apply for a job with PICC.8. A.He is fearless. B.He is forgetful.C.He is helpful.D.He is thoughtful.9. A.Talking about sports. B.Writing up local news.C.Reading newspapers.D.Putting up advertisements.10. A.She expects to see him soon. B.She agrees with the man.C.She doesn’t believe he can do it.D.She will work for the library.Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages.After each conversation or passage,you will be asked several questions.The conversation and the passages will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through14are based on the following conversation.11. A.The scientific steps to write a paper. B.A funny story that they read recently.C.An assignment of a creative writing course.D.A detective case that was just finished.12. A.She encountered a bottleneck when writing a story.B.She was happy that she finished the story easily.C.She was expected to finish the story in a month.D.She decided to give up the story eventually.13. A.Change to another topic. B.Give the story an ending first.C.Do work for another course.D.Write everything occurring to her.14. A.Buy jewels for her mother. B.Locate the security camera.C.Do some research for her writing.D.Rob a jewelry store for ideas.Questions15through17are based on the following passage.15. A.They don’t attach importance to scores. B.They attract fewer and fewer students.C.They will take place next week.D.They will no longer exist.16. A.To inspire young people to practice more.B.To encourage young people to be creative.C.To motivate young people to keep learning.D.To urge young people to start up companies.17. A.To bring more economic benefits. B.To help students memorize better.C.To change the present education system.D.To develop teachers’multi-skills.Questions18through20are based on the following passage.18. A.More communication with others. B.Construction of the life journey.C.Revealing of determination.D.Loss of the social identity.19. A.Depression and isolation. B.Walking around the corner.ck of sleep.D.Getting impatient.20. A.Making it possible to get a pay rise.B.Providing people with new business.C.Giving people time to think about their life again.D.Helping people to find jobs based on their hobbies.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Norway is Teaching Travelers to TravelAfter15people died during Easter in1967,the Norwegian Trekking Association and the Red Cross announced their campaign‘Welcome to the mountains,but be responsible’.Fjellvettreglene,the‘mountain code’(21)______encourages people to have a healthy and respectful relationship with nature,has since become a crucial part of Norwegian culture.It includes points such as bringing necessary equipment(22)______(assist) yourself and others,seeking shelter if necessary and feeling no shame in turning around.Nationally,Norway(23)______(experience)an11%increase in tourism in the past decade.From just1,000 tourists in the whole of2010,Trolltunga,a piece of rock that stands horizontally out of the mountain,(24)______ (see)1,800visitors in one2017day alone.Why?Because people want the same picture they see on Instagram and Facebook.A lot don’t care about the experience of the hike.They just want proof(25)______they did it.But, while good for the economy,this tourism boom has become a threat(26)______Norway’s natural environment.Used toilet paper,(27)______(abandon)tents and plastic bottles can be found littered all around Trolltunga. And with the high amount of people who come unprepared for such an active hike,Norway’s leading hiking group,Friluftsliv,also has called for regulations on the number of tourists(28)______(hike)to sse Heimdal, leader of the outdoor organization said,“On a busy day,you may have to wait in line for an hour and a half just to get a picture.To control this,we’d like to regulate(29)___________people can hike in a day.Starting hike times should also have regulations so people don’t start too late and find(30)______stuck up here.”Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.accommodationB.annualC.declineD.destinationE.dinersF.hostedG.ingredients H.precisely I.ranked J.remote K.talentedWorld’s Best RestaurantThe Black Swan,a rural pub in England has been named“the world’s best restaurant”by TripAdvisor.After scoring up positive feedback,the review website31the pub over fine dining establishments from New York to Paris in its32Travelers'Choice awards.So what’s it got going for it?Firstly,this isn’t some backwater pub enjoying in insignificance.Tommy Banks,a(n)33young cook,is already a TV regular in the UK and has had a Michelin star to his name since becoming the youngest receiver ever in2013at the age of24.Secondly,it's not really a pub anymore.Like many rural UK pubs,the Black Swan had been in34for many years before2006,when Banks'family took over.After their attempts to run it as a pub struggled,they decided to make it a dining35.It now operates as both restaurant and fashionable36,offering food-and-stay packages that help draw customers to its truly37location.It's usually booked up well in advance with38coming from near and far.During CNN's visit,neighboring tables included a couple on an overnight break from their kids.Another39 two of the Banks brothers'old school teachers,on a trip up from York—40the kind of crowd that have helped lift the Black Swan to TripAdvisor glory.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Could Buying Paintings Make You Rich?Is investing in paintings a good way to get rich fast?And how should you invest in art?“With extreme41”is the advice of Patrick Connolly,a financial adviser.“We don’t42our customers to invest in art because the downsides are greater than the upsides.It doesn't produce income or earnings.What you 43is exclusively based on supply and demand,and there are big movements upwards or downwards if there are changes in the economic environment,”he said.To invest in art as a true investment,you need a starting fund of at least$5,000.But it’s not just about having enough44to buy the painting in the first place.Expensive works of art are often stored in protective boxes complete with detectors to monitor humidity and temperature levels,and to protect them from sun damage or other 45such as a spilled cup of coffee.And if you do put it on your wall,then your insurance costs are likely to be high.If word gets out that you have expensive art hanging on your wall,then you're likely to be a46for thieves.Art is also not a regulated investment so when things go wrong–for example,an artwork turns out to be a fraud（赝品）–then investors cannot fall back on47for any repayment.Of course given the current environment of low interest rates,that's still a(n)48return than many savings accounts will give you.As art has no association to the stock market,it means paintings can49in value even when the market crashes,making it a good option for investment50.It is reported that after a decrease in the global art market throughout2016,auction（拍卖）sales51in the first six months of2017.Yet you don't necessarily have to be super-wealthy to invest in art.There are a growing number of art fairs and online marketplaces aimed at buyers with a more52budget.Most art industry experts suggest that you buy a piece of art because you like it,not because you want to get rich.The most53approach is probably to buy something you like and can54and,be prepared to keep it just for your own pleasure.If it goes up in value that should be just a(n)55benefit.41.A.accuracy B.carefulness C.enthusiasm D.generosity42.A.beg B.control C.forbid D.recommend43.A.get back B.look into C.take out D.turn to44.A.desire B.energy C.money D.time45.A.accidents B.appliances C.measures D.drinks46.A.partner B.spectator C.target D.therapy47.A.initiative B.regulation C.strategy D.tradition48.A.better B.earlier C.healthier D.lower49.A.fall apart B.fall down C.go ahead D.go up50.A.funds B.levels C.selections D.rates51.A.ceased B.proceeded C.recovered D.shrank52.A.fixed B.limited C.massive D.modest53.A.creative B.direct C.flexible D.sensible54.A.afford B.preserve C.transfer D.undertake55.A.added B.maximum C.obvious D.socialSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Post-00s is a documentary about growing up.It covers almost every aspect of millennials’experiences on their path toward adolescence–their struggles with schoolwork,their relationship with peers,their confusion if a younger brother or sister is born into the family,and their growing desire to keep a distance from their parents.But this five-episode series was different from any other TV program with a similar theme.Post-00s was filmed over a period of10years,during which the show’s makers followed a group of kids from when they were infants through to when they became teenagers.In other words,the show’s“characters”grow older for real,and their stories are all real.“Coming-of-age”stories,as they’re known,have a special appeal.They satisfy our curiosity of looking at someone else’s life,and we become more and more attached to the characters as if we truly know them.And while we enjoy the truthfulness of the stories because nothing is set in advance,we also can’t help but feel the cruelty of reality.After all,there’s no re-writing of the script（剧本）and there’s no turning back–this is real life.This realness can also be seen in Boyhood,a2014film that won the Silver Bear award for best director at the64th Berlin International Film Festival.During a period of12years,the film follows the life of Mason Jr–played by US actor Ellar Coltrane–from when he was6to when he finished high school.One of Boyhood’s appeals comes from its“ordinariness”.Mason Jr isn’t some child genius...He is a quietly spoken,fairly typical American boy,growing up in the Texas suburbs.He likes riding his bike and playing video games.While coming-of-age stories may look ordinary on the outside,they often allow us to look underneath the surface and see something extraordinary–the power of life itself.56.In the documentary,we see post-00’s growing experience EXCEPT__________.A.how they deal with their studiesB.how they help look after brothers or sistersC.how they get along with people of their ageD.how much they long to be independent of their parents57.What do Post-00and Boyhood have in common?A.They’re intended to win an award for best director.B.The heroes and heroines are characters themselves.C.They’re a kind of reality show of ordinary kids’growth.D.The stories are based on true life but polished by writers.58.Audience are interested in“coming-of-age”stories because__________.A.they can see the truth of lifeB.they know the characters wellC.they are much fond of gossipD.they appreciate stories of daily life59.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A.Post-00s are different geniusesB.Actors are ordinary charactersC.Documentary is real lifeD.Life is one big story(B )B BC SHOPrming.Inspiring.WHAT A RELIEF!Delight everyone on your holiday gift list with great gifts from the BBC.You’ll earn heartfelt thanks from nature lovers for Planet Earth I&II:The Complete Collection(page41)–inspiring look at our planet’s wildest,most mysterious creatures and their breathtaking home.…from mystery lovers for Sherlock:Complete Seasons1-4and The Abominable Bride Giftset(page13)–entertaining proof that Holmes can be difficult,dangerous,accurate,and absolute funny.…and from those who appreciate all things British.Delight Charles Dickens fans with Dickensian(page7).The new drama series with more adventures for Dickens’characters…Dinner with Dickens Cookbook(page9)with procedures for his favorite dishes…and Tom Baker Reads“A Christmas poem”(page8)for a wonderful new holiday tradition.Plus teapots,T-shirts,shortbread,mugs and more–just in time for the holidays.Enjoy!NEWTHE MOMENTWelcome to murder,suspense,romance,robbery and clothing in this excitinghistorical drama!Trouble begins for Rachel Verinder the day she inherits a large diamond stolen from a Hindu temple.When it disappears again,suspicion falls on Franklin Blake,the man who loves her.But what about mysterious cousin Godfrey,the housemaid with a thieving past,and doctor who experiments with opium（鸦片）? Blake must discover the fate of the Moonstone or lose Rachel forever.A powerful tale and emotionally sudden changes,based on the first-ever English detective novel by Wikie Collins.3¾hours.DVD21024$34.99YOUR PRICE:￥27.98WALKERS CHRISTMAS TREE SHORTBREAD AND TINSSanta and a beautiful Angel put the finishing touches on Christmas tree tins–perfect centerpieces and holiday decorations that your family and friends will enjoy year after year.Lift the treetops and taste the delicious secret inside:pure butter shortbread shaped like mini-Christmas trees,and made from only finest ingredients–flour,butter,sugar and salt.Baked in the village of Aberlour in the Scottish Highlands,they follow a generations-old family procedure,first perfected by Joseph Walker in1898.While the shortbread will disappear as if by magic,the tins will hold your holiday cookies and candy for many Christmases to come.Wonderful hostess gifts.Both tins:6〃h×4¾〃d;net wt4.4oz.Angel21042$19.98Santa21043$19.9860.Tom’s wife is a home baker,so he’d better refer to Page______for a Christmas present for her.A.8B.9C.13D.4161.Which of the following statements is TRUE about“The Moment”?A.It is an adapted drama lasting nearly4hours.B.The story,rather than the actors,is attracting.C.There are three suspects for stealing the diamond.D.It is based on Wikie Collins’most famous detective novel.62.What can be learned about the shortbread?A.It usually disappears in a magic way together with the tin.B.It follows a secret procedure perfected by Joseph Walker.C.It is wrapped in a tin with both Angel and Santa on it.D.It is traditionally family-baked in Scotland.(C)①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life.According to Dr Tanya King,senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University,“It’s Australians’egalitarianism,sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built.In Australia’s founding era in the late1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors.The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish,was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal,with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’.Because of this,an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers.They may not have had power,education or wealth,but they had a shared belief in equality.③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times.Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their newconditions in life’.Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further –so‘have a Captains Cook’(have a look),became‘ava captains’.This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses.Words like‘good day’became‘g’day’,and barbecue was‘barbie’.④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians’dry,self-criticizing and sarcastic（讽刺的）sense of humor.While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side.On one road trip,as I hit the state line and entered Victoria,I drove past some blackened trees,the leftovers of a recent bushfire.A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent,but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct.Behind the figure,someone had drawn flames making it look as though the animal’s tail was on fire.I couldn’t help but laugh–it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s‘nothing upsets us’and anti-authoritarian attitude.⑤And one thing you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space.This,along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate,all contribute to Australians’relaxed attitude.63.The underlined word“egalitarianism”is closest to__________in meaning.A.criminalityB.crueltyC.equalityernmentalism64.Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A.They use more slangs than other people.B.They give new meanings to existent words.C.They favour shortened forms of expressions.D.They coin terms in memory of criminal times.65.What can be inferred from paragraph4?A.Kangaroos’living conditions are getting tougher.B.Forest fires threaten Australians’life to a great extent.C.Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.D.Australians’jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.66.The passage mainly talks about__________.A.how the late1700s impacted AustraliaB.why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC.what contributes to Australians’relaxed lifestyleD.how Australians present their attitude towards lifeSection CDirections:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.That turned out to be not exactly correct.B.But Buchanan warned against such an assumption.C.But a number of business organizations say it should remain untouched.D.But what works for a clothing company might not work for a different one.E.Raising the minimum wage is identified as a key way to address the income gap.F.For opponents of a wage increase,increasing the minimum wage could reduce total employment byabout500,000jobs.More Clarity Needed on Wage DebateThese days,the minimum wage has become something of a big issue in America.67For supporters,16.5 million low-wage workers could see an increase in their weekly earnings and900,000people could rise above the poverty line.Gap Inc,has decided to increase the minimum hourly rate it pays employees to$9this year and then$10next year.The company’s announcement will affect65,000Gap employees by2017.Clearly Gap officials believe the money they invest in higher wages will pay off in increased sales and customer satisfaction.There’s certainly nothing wrong with that.68Also last week,Wal-Mart found itself at the center of the wages gossip when it was reported that the company was looking at supporting an increase in the minimum wage.69Wal-Mart spokeswoman Brooke Buchanan said the company remains neutral on the idea of a minimum wage increase,but“obviously it’s something that we look at closely,as any other company would”.She said that more than99percent of company associates are paid above the current minimum wage.It has been discussed how increased income for low-wage workers might translate into increased spending.So it’s reasonable to say that a company like Wal-Mart could see a jump in sales if the minimum wage rose.70“That is assuming that consumer behavior would be,‘If they have more money,they’ll spend more money,’”she said.“That isn’t always necessarily true.If we had a crystal ball,we could guess what consumer behavior would be in the future if a minimum wage increase goes through.But you just can’t.”IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no moree your own words as far as possible.Are Open Offices Good for Us?Four years ago,Chris Nagele did what many other technology executives have done before–moved his team into an open concept office.His staff had been entirely working from home,but he wanted everyone to be together, to connect and cooperate more easily.It quickly became clear,though,that Nagele had made a huge mistake. Everyone was distracted and productivity suffered and nine employees were unhappy,not to mention Nagele himself.About three years after moving into the open office,Nagele moved the company into a10,000-square foot office where everyone now has their own space—complete with closing doors.Numerous companies have held the open office—about70%of US offices are open concept—and very few have moved back into traditional spaces with offices and doors.But research that we’re15%less productive,we have huge trouble concentrating in open working spaces,has contributed to a growing criticism against open offices.Beside the cheaper cost,one main argument for the open workspace is that it increases teamwork.However, it’s well documented that we rarely brainstorm brilliant ideas when we’re just shooting the breeze in a crowd. Instead,as many of us know,we’re more likely to hear about the Christmas gift a colleague is buying for a family member,or problems with your deskmate’s spouse.For jobs that require focus,like writing,advertising,financial planning and computer programming,some companies that aren’t ready to abandon open plans are experimenting with quiet and closed spaces.The trouble with that,is some of us don’t feel comfortable leaving the team to go off on our own—it can feel as if we’re not pulling our weight if we’re not present.That’s particularly true in high-pressure environments.Some of us even feel that escaping to a quiet room is a sign of weakness.第II卷（共40分）V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.选举的结果很快便在全世界传播开了。

上海市2018届高三英语一模考试汇编解答题新人教版精品

2018届（2018学年）上海市高三英语一模——简答（长宁）“Neither a borrower nor a lender be.” Although this might be excellent advice in matters concerning family and friends, borrowing and lending are frequently the foundation of a booming economy.A loan is a sum of money borrowed for a limited period. A loan may be obtained from an individual or from an institution such as a bank and is generally granted at a specific rate of interest. Interest is the fee that the borrower pays to use the money. An extremely high rate of interest --- and certainly any amount more than law permits --- is called usury. Lending money can be a risky business, for there is always the possibility that the borrower may not be able to pay the loan. For this reason, a lender generally requires the borrower to register something valuable of his or hers, known as collateral (抵押), as a part of the loan agreement. A house or an automobile, investments in the stock market, even the value of a business, are all examples of collateral that a lender may be willing to accept in the event that the borrower fails to pay the loan.There are two major sorts of loans: consumer loans and commercial loans. A consumer loan is one that is made to an individual, and it may be to buy a house or an automobile or to finance an education. A commercial loan may be used to start a new business, pay for new equipment and staff, or expand an office or factory. The business of making loans also contributes to a healthy economy by enhancing the employment market. Loans allow consumers to buy and improve homes, creating jobs for carpenters, architects and etc. Loans enable businesses to expand, and when these businesses open a branch office or a new store, they also increase their consumption of office supplies, furnishings, and computers.In a booming economy, money circulates quickly, and each deal represents earnings for someone. It may be reasonable to say that a certain level of debt is normal, even necessary, to a healthy economy as long as the individual borrower or business is careful and try not to take on more than a manageable amount of debt.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81.“Neither a borrower nor a lender be.”is excellent advice for keeping good familyand friends while it is __________.82.What is the purpose of collateral in a loan agreement?83.Different from commercial loans, consumer loans may be used to __________.84.How can the individual borrower or business profit from a booming economy?81. not for building / developing a booming / fast-growing economy82. To prevent the borrower from not paying the loan. / …83. fulfill / achieve the purpose of personal development / …84. By being careful and avoiding being in too much debt / …（闸北）A son in many developing countries means insurance, who will inherit his father's property and help support the family. However, to parents, a daughter is just another expense. Her place is in the home, not in the world of men. A girl can't help but feel inferior when everything around her tells her that she is worth less than a boy. Her future is, to some extent, shaped as soon as her family limits her opportunities and treat her as second-rater, which explain why women in developing countries perform much worse than men both in study and career.Deep discrimination (歧视)against women creates a firm force that keeps girls from living up to their full potential. It also leaves them victims to severe physical and emotional harm. These “servants of the household" come to accept that li fe will never be any different. What's most harmful, it results not only in millions of individual tragedies, but also in the lost potential for the entire country. Studies show there is a direct link between a country's attitude toward women and its social and economic progress. The status of women is central to the health of a society. If one part suffers, so does the whole.To deal with the situation, many women turn to education. Educated women are essential to ending sex discrimination, starting by reducing the poverty The most basic skills in literacy and Maths open up opportunities for better-paying jobs for women. Uneducated women in rural areas of Zambia, for instance, are twice as likely to live in poverty as those who have had eight or more years of education.Women who have had some schooling are more likely to get married later, survive childbirth, have fewer and healthier children, and make sure their own children complete school. Understanding the importance of hygiene (卫生）and nutrition, they are more likely to stay in physical wellness.Nevertheless, the comprehensive change for a society speaks for the more far-reaching meaning of women education. As women get the opportunity to go to school and obtain higher-level jobs, they gain status in their communities, which translates into the power to influence their families and societies. Such power may, together with other forces of outside interference, make even bigger changes possible and gradually lighten up women's fates in these countries.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What two facts make a woman achieve less than men in developing countries?82. The most severe result of discrimination against women is ________________________.83. Why are educated women in developing countries more likely to remain healthy?84. High social position at home helps women to have the ability to ________________________.81. Her family limiting her opportunities and treating her as second-rater.82. the lost potential for the entire country83. Because they understand the importance of hygiene and nutrition.84. influence their families and societies（杨浦）Pizza Hut lovers, you can now smell just like your favorite food. Pizza Hut launches its own perfume that smells like a fresh pizza pie. This is not a joke —although it started as one! While it might seem like an unusual venture for the brand famous for pizza, the company’s perfume is already available as a limited edition product. fuck myselfAccording to the Globe and Mail, the project started out as a joke by Grip Limited, an advertising firm that works with Pizza Hut in Canada, who asked the chain’s Facebook fans to imagine the pleasant smell of a fresh-delivered pie as a perfume — and to name it. Fans responded to the idea so enthusiastically that Grip Limited decided to take the joke a step further and make the perfume a reality.A month and a half later, to celebrate that Pizza Hut Canada had gotten 100,000 fans, the chain’s community managers an nounced that the first 100 people to message them would actually get a bottle of Pizza Hut perfume. And sure enough, the bottles were shipped to those 100 lucky fans before Christmas.Grip Limited isn’t the only company to attract attention with odd aroma s (芳香). Four years ago, Burger King offered a $4 meat-scented body spray for men. Before that in 2018, Stilton created a perfume meant to mimic (模拟) the scent of blue cheese.Pizza Hut Canada has not announced any plans to make more of the perfume in the future. But the chain also said in the release that it’s possible the perfume could appear in stores in the future.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. Some people consider the perfume a joke because they think Pizza Hut is a_______________.82. _______________________________ pushed Grip Limited to turn the joke into reality.83. Who are the lucky birds to get the perfume?84. Why did Pizza Hut follow Burger King’s steps to release a perfume?81. famous brand for pizza82. The fans’ enthusiastic response to the project / idea / activity83. The first 100 people to message the Pizza Hut Canada84. To attract public attention（徐汇）If you need another reason to give thanks at the dinner table on Thanksgiving Day, how’s this: people who maintain an “attitude of gratitude” tend to be happier and healthier than those who don’t, according to an instructive article this week in the Wall Street Journal.The WSJ’s Melinda Beck reports that adults who feel grateful have “more energy, more optimism, more social connections and more happiness than those who do not, according to studies conducted over the past decade. Now a new study conducted by researchers at Hofstra University — the results of which are set to be published in an upcoming issue of the Journal of Happiness Studies — finds similar benefits of gratitude for adolescents as well.Dr. Jeffrey J. Froh, assistant professor of psychology and lead researcher of the new study, surveyed 1,185 students aged from 14 to 19 and found that grateful students reported higher grades, more life satisfaction, better social integration and less envy and depression than their peers who were less thankful and more materialistic. Additionally, feelings of gratitude had a more powerful impact on the students’ lives overall than materialism.What the majority of the research suggests is that gratitude should be chronic （长期的）in order to make a lasting difference in well-being. Dr. Robert Emmons, professor of psychology at the University of California, Davis, and a pioneer in gratitude research, told the WSJ that in order to reap（收获）all of its benefits, feeling gratitude must be rooted into your personality, and you must frequently acknowledge and be thankful for the role other people play in your happiness: “The key is not to leave it on the Thanksgiving table,” he said.For older children and adults, one simple way to cultivate gratitude is to literally count your blessings. Keep a journal and regularly record whatever you are grateful for that day. Be specific. Listing “my friends, my school, my dog” day after day means that “gratitude tiredness” has set in, Dr. Froh says. Writing “my dog licked my face when I was sad” keeps it fresher. The real benefit comes in chan ging how you experience the world. Look for things to be grateful for, and you’ll start seeing them.Studies show that using negative, insulting words —even as you talk to yourself —can darken your mood, as well. Fill your head with positive thoughts, express thanks and encouragement aloud and look for something to be grateful for, not criticize, in those around you, especially loved ones.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. According to the article i n the Wall Street Journal, people who don’t maintain an “attitude of gratitude” tend to be ______________.82. What are the major findings of the new study at Hofstra University about?83. According to the passage, how can people probably avoid “grat itude tiredness”?84. In order not to darken our moods, we’d better stop ________________.81. less happy and healthy82. Benefits of gratitude for adolescents. / Adolescents benefit from feeling gratitude.83. By regularly recording specific things they are grateful for.84. using negative, insulting words（松江）My wife and I recently completed a trip to China with China Highlights. It was a very memorable vacation. From start to finish, China Highlights was very helpful and supportive. The start of our trip began with an Internet search for a tour agency that would meet our needs and expectations. After reviewing and submitting questions to websites of many companies, we selected China Highlights. Our decision was based on the speed and content of their responses, along with the significant amount of support information provided both on their websites and in their emailed attachments. In addition, the proposed journey and price for a private tour including plane fares between cities and first class seats on a high speed train were strong incentives (激励) to select China Highlights. Their assistance and flexibility in finalizing the itinerary, with favorable payment terms, further convinced us that we made a good choice. We relied on his recommendations for several pre-departure and planning issues Up to the time of departure, Michael was always available to quickly response to our ongoing questions and ensured that we left fully prepared.From the time that we first arrived in Beijing and at every destination of the trip, the guide and the driver were at the airport / train station with signs for us. Conversely, as we left each city, they took care in getting us to the proper check-in area on time, with enough instructions for us to easily continue boarding THE transportation despite obvious communication issues since we did not speak Chinese. In hindsight, our concerns about travelling between locations were unnecessary. Similarly, travelling throughout the cities, as we visited each attraction, was very comfortable. The guides kept us informed of historical and local information. One suggestion would be to pre-identify any sites to visit and have them included in the final journey rather than try to change during the visit.The sights that we visited were most impressive. Obviously, the Great Wall, Forbidden City and Tiananmen Square, and the Terra Cotta Soldiers were everything we expected. The guides were very knowledgeable, and helped us understand many aspects of these areas.After we returned home, China Highlights followed up to make sure that we were satisfied with our trip, and to get any feedback that we wanted to provide. They evenaddressed some minor issues that we cited. Overall, China Highlights went over and above our expectations.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What made the couple choose China Highlights during their visit to China?82. The overseas visitors were satisfied with China Highlights services except ___________________.83. During their visit, not only the sights but also ________________ made a great impression on them.84. How did China Highlights improve its quality of service after the visitors finished their journey?25.That China Highlights was very helpful and supportive.25.changing final journey during the visit.25.the knowledgeable and helpful guides and the driver25.It followed up to get any feedback / It addressed some minor issues that visitors cited（青浦）Oscar-winning director Ang Lee’s new epic “Life of Pi” r eveals the relationship between a teenage Indian boy and a Bengal tiger. But in reality, the predators（食肉动物）are under increasing threat from humans. Animal rights group PETA is hoping to use the popularity of the film to focus people’s attention on the re al life of Bengal tigers.With the rising demand for tiger parts from East Asia, illegal hunting remains a tremendous danger for the remaining cat population. Back in 1947, there were 40,000 tigers in India, but the number is experiencing a sharp decline to 1,718 despite campaigns to protect the animal.Rising man-animal conflict is also one of the leading causes of decline in tiger numbers. In one of numerous reported attacks on the endangered big cats, villagers near the Bangladesh-India border, armed with sticks and boat oars, set upon the animal suspected to have attacked a local fisherman and beat it to death earlier this month. So far this year, 58 tiger deaths have been reported in the country.“The first instinct when a tiger is spotted is to just kill it,” grieved Gurmeet Sapal, a wildlife filmmaker. “The feeling of fear and revenge is so strong that it shuts out any other emotion. What we don’t realize is that the tiger never attacks humans until it is forced to.”India has been struggling to stop the tiger's decline in the face of the loss of habitat as well that encourages the animals to leave the forest for food. “The tiger’s rapidly exhausted prey base causes the predator to go all out to get its food. Consequently, livestock and human beings become easy prey, which leads inevitably to conflict,” says a wildlife conservationist.Filmmaker Sapal says it is only normal for people to think of the tiger as a dangerous animal, but its image as a human killer bears some injustice. “Tigers never kill fo r sport nor store meat. They kill their prey only in case of hunger. ”(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than ten words)81. PETA hopes “Life of Pi” can __________________________________.82. Why did the villagers beat the tiger to death?83. As a result of the loss of habitat, __________________________________ are morelikely to be the big cat’s victims.84. When will tigers attack and kill people according to the article?81. focus people’s attention on the real li fe of Bengaltigers.82. Because it was suspected to have attacked a local fisherman83. livestock and human beings84. When (they are) hungry or attacked.（普陀）A long-awaited final report from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) concludes that foods from healthy cloned animals and their offspring are as safe as those from ordinary animals, effectively removing the last US regulatory barrier to the marketing of meat and milk from cloned cattle, pigs and goats.The 968-page "final risk assessment," not yet released but obtained by The Washington Post, finds no evidence to support people’s concerns that food from clones may have hidden risks.But, recognizing that a majority of consumers are wary of（谨慎的）food from clones—and that cloning could damage the good image of American milk and meat—the report includes hundreds of pages of raw data so that others can see how it came to its conclusions.The report also acknowledges that human health concerns are not the only subject raised by the coming-out of cloned farm animals.“Moral, religious and ethical concerns have been raised,” the agency notes in a document accompanying the report. But the report is “exactly a science-based assessmen t.” It reports, because the agency is not authorized by law to consider those issues.In practice, it will be years before foods from clones make their way to store shelves in large quantities, in part because the clones themselves are too valuable to kill or milk. Instead, the expensive animals’replicas(复制品) of some of the finest farm animals ever born — will be used firstly as breeding stock to create what supporters say will be a new generation of superior farm animals.When food from those animals hits the market, the public may yet have its say. FDA officials have said they do not expect to require food from clones to be labeled as such, but they may allow foods from ordinary animals to be labeled as not from clones.81. What conclusion has FDA drawn after the public waited for a long time?82. Foods from clones won’t be available soon partly because _________________.83. With the appearance of cloned farm animals, people care more about_________________ problems.84. How will foods from ordinary animals be labeled?81. FDA concluded foods from healthy cloned animals and their offspring are safe .82. the clones themselves are too valuable to kill or milk.83. human health, moral, religious and ethical84. They will be allowed to be labeled as not from clones.（浦东）We delight in the stories passed down to us by oldergenerations. Tales from the past reveal our loved ones’ truepersonalities that we didn’t know before and can unite familymembers. But they are still just small pieces from a lifetimeof experience, leaving a wealth of personal memories and stories that can go untold.A growing company, LifeBook, is helping people to ensure that the rich, personal histories of our loved ones can be captured in detail in elegant, well-crafted books that can be handed down through the generations. These individual autobiographies, professionally written and illustrated with photographs, hold a lifetime of memories and can form an everlasting family legacy.Linden, who commissioned(委托写) a book on her father from LifeBook, said, ‘It has been a wonderful thing, both for myself and my father. He was quite worried about it at first, but once it got going he established a very good relationship with Will, his interviewer, and I know they had lots of fun and laughs. He started looking forward to the meetings very much, someone showing interest in him outside the family.’Now, LifeBook is becoming increasingly popular as a gift, requested by sons and daughters who wish to preserve the memories of their older loved ones for future generations. The process of creating a LifeBook brings family members closer together as they learn more about the family’s past. And for the authors, LifeBook gives them a project to focus on. It also gives them the benefits of face-to-face companionship in the weekly interviews.For Linden, it was a highly positive experience, ‘I feel very happy because I have given my father this huge gift. It has made him happier and he’s got a newfound interest in life. He’s got more things to talk ab out and,I think, a sense of great pride.’‘Also it’s something he can hand down to futuregenerations. We’re all thrilled with the book, delighted—and I’m sure he’ll want to do volume two very soon.’(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.)81. Tales from the past generations can not only ___________________.82. What does the company, LifeBook, do in those special books?83. Linden’s father started to look forward to the meetings with the interviewerbecause _________.84. Besides a project to focus on, what else can creating a LifeBook bring its author?81. reveal our loved ones’ true personalities but also unite family members82. It helps capture the rich, personal histories of our loved ones.83. someone was showing interest in him outside the family84. The benefits of face-to-face companionship.（闵行）At present, in many American cities especially, many teachers in the public schools say they are underpaid. They point to jobs such as secretary or truck driver, which often pay more to start than that of a teacher. In many other fields, such as law, medicine, computer science, a beginning worker may make more than a teacher who has taught for several years.Teaching has never been a profession that attracted people interested in high salaries. It is by history a profession that has provided rewards in additionto money—the satisfaction of sharing knowledge, of influencing others, of guiding young people. But in the past several years, there are more difficulties in teaching, for many, than there are rewards.Unruly (不守规矩的) students, especially in big cities, large classes and a lack of support from the public in terms of money and understanding have led many public school teachers to leave the profession.As a result, many of the best students, who would have chosen teaching as their life career in the past, are going into other fields.Another reason for this change in teacher candidates is the changing status of women in the United States. Until the late 1960s and 1970s, one of the most popular choices for women was teaching. But as other professions, such as law and medicine opened up to women, women stopped pouring into teacher training programs. Thus, excellent candidates for the teaching profession declined.Bit by bit government officials and others realized that the status of the teacher had suffered. They talked about change. But the change in a vast society like the United States is not easy. People’s at titudes have formed over many years, and sometimes change takes many years.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What are many teachers in the public schools of America complaining about?82. What is the consequence of the public school teachers’ leaving the profession?83. The changing status of women in the United States is one of the causes forwomen to ________________________.84. According to the last paragraph, the status of the teachers in the UnitedSates will _____________________ within years.81. low pay / being under-paid / not being well-paid82. causing some best students not to choose teaching profession / some best studentsdon’t choose teaching profession83. choose careers other than teaching / choose other careers instead of teaching84. not be changed / remain unchanged（静安）All we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock, your internal clock runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle, called a circadian (昼夜节奏的) rhythm, helps control when you wake, when you eat and when you sleep.Somewhere around puberty, something happens in the timing of the biological clock. The clock pushes forward, so adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you it's time for bed, your body may be pushing you to stay up3 for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.This shift is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your body's clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems, too. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud (提不起精神的状态) when they don't get enough sleep, says Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn.But just like your alarm clock, your internal clock can be reset. In fact, it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years, researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body's clock were handled through the same pathways that we use to see. But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether it's day or night.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock because ________________________________________.82. Children before puberty tend to __________________________________than adolescents.83. The author wants to tell the reader that_____________________________________.84. What did the previous researchers think about the human eye's light-sensing system?81. it has a cycle of 24 hours82. fall asleep earlier at night83. staying up late affects teenagers' ability to think and learn.84. The human eye had one light-sensing system.（金山）Phonxay is one of the poorest districts of Laos, and many of its villages are only accessible by footpath. Our destination this hot morning is a concrete water tank which was helped to build by a UK organization because of the lack of clean drinking water. The tank has made a big difference; it gives water to over 800 People. But lately, the clean water supply has come under pressure from new arrivals, people who have come down from the hill areas, and there will not be enough clean water to go round.There are also serious worries about resources in Laos. The Chinese are building a 400 km railway link, and about 150,000 Chinese workers will be involved. What will this do to local clean water supplies? How will the workers be fed?The vast majority of Laotians live on farms. But with foreign investors wanting to buy up land, local people will have to be moved to make room for them. Heavily dependent on both foreign aid and foreign investment, Laos still falls well behind its neighbours. Its biggest economic problem is the lack of locally trained skilled workforce.But there are reasons to be hopeful for the future. Laos is beautiful, and foreign tourism continues to grow. Although all local media are government-run, the Internet is not controlled and the BBC and CNN are Available to those with satellite dishes.The government has also achieved impressive results in rural development, with communities benefiting not just from cleaner water but the construction of new schools and regular visits from medical teams. Poverty will not be history in Laos within the next decade, but with small steps forward and a bit of outside help, the country could find itself out of the UN's least-developed category by 2180.(Note: Answer the quesTlOns or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.) 81. What is putting pressure on the local supply of clean water?82. ____________________________ is the most serious limitation on Laos' economic growth.。

2018年上海市松江区高三英语一模卷和参考答案

2018年上海市松江区高三英语一模卷(满分140分,完卷时间120分钟)2017.12I.Listening ComprehensionSection A(10分)Directions:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.At a concert.B.In a restaurant.C.In a flower shop.D.In a supermarket.2.A.15.B.50.C.85.D.100.3.A.Excited.B.Interested.C.Entertained.D.Disappointed.4.A.Because her boss will return her the money after seeing the receipt.B.Because her boss asks her to buy a lot of things.C.Because she wants to establish a standard procedure in her company.D.Because she wants to check everything she has bought.5.A.Go on with the chat.B.Review his lessons.C.Connect with his friends.D.Talk with his friends face to face.6.A.He is always in a good mood.B.He has spent more money than expected.C.He is good at playing the piano.D.He’s pleased with his purchase.7.A.Mr.White’s new appointment.B.Mr.White’s vacation.C.An important vacant position.D.How to apply for a job.8.A.Her shoes will be in stock next month.B.She is longing for the shoes that are currently unavailable.C.She is unwilling to wait for a long time.D.She ca n’t bear waiting.9.A.Policeman and car driver. B.Librarian and student.C.Doctor and patient.D.Post clerk and customer.10.A.John will deliver a presentation tomorrow about a new electronic device.B.The clients are very nervous about the quality of the new car.C.Tracy’s presentation is about a type of new electric car.D.Tracy is nervous because this electric car hasn’t received positive feedback before.Section B(15分)Directions:In Section B,you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following news.11.A.Because man makes us of only20%of the brain’s capacity.B.Because the other80%of man’s brain will grow in due time.C.Because man’brain has grown larger over the past centuries.D.Because man will use his brain more and more as time goes on.12.A.He thinks and feels in different ways.B.He has smaller eyes and wears better glasses.C.He has no hair because it is no longer useful.D.His fingers grow weaker because he doesn’t use them.13.A.M an’s life will be different in the future.B.Future man will look different from us.C.Man is growing taller and uglier as time goes by.D.The fun ctions of man’s organs will function as well as today.Questions14through16are based on the following passage.14.A.Reading magazine articles. B.Preparing book reports.C.Writing research papers.D.Selecting information sources.15.A.Gathering nonrelevant information. B.Stealing another person’s ideas.C.Sharing notes with someone else.D.Handing in assignments late.16.A.In the student’s own words.B.In direct quotations.C.In short phrases.D.In shorthand.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17.A.Checking the room. B.Arranging a large conference.C.Running a hotel.D.Handling a complaint.18.A.There is no lavatory paper.B.The toilet doesn’t flush properly.C.The water doesn’t run away in the shower.D.There is no pillow in the room.19.A.Busy. B.Unhappy. C.Excited. D.Hot.20.A.Adjust the regulator. B.fix the toilet and shower.C.Send the lavatory paper.D.Send a cake and fruit.II.Grammar and VocabularySection A(10分)Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.One of my(21)________(memorable)vacations took place on a farm.When I was a boy,my parents and I traveled from New York City to the Pennsylvania countryside for a weeklong taste of rural life.We stayed in a guesthouse on a farm,(22) ________(join)in the daily routines and eating meals with the farmer and his family.We got up early to see the cows as they(23)________(milk).I even tried my hand at milking one,and then joined the farmer as he released the cows into the field afterward.Decades later I still have vivid memories of that trip and of experiencing a lifestyle so different(24)________my own.It made me realize the value of a vacation.To this day,I wonder(25)________that farmer ever managed to enjoy a vacation of his own.There is never a day when the animals don’t need to be fed.But I still think of that family trip when I plan my approach to taking time off with my wife and kids.Vacations are a time for resting and connecting.As a bank manager,I spend much of my workday encouraging my customers to save their money.One of the reasons I give is that we should all have enough for a family vacation every year.In our busy lives,family is what we(26)________be saving our money and time for.For my family,our vacation starts when we begin planning the trip.We talk about destinations and our budget ahead of time.Among the things we discuss:Can we save money by renting a house instead of spending six nights in a hotel?Would it be better(27) ________(buy)groceries and cook for ourselves rather than eat out every night?(28)________(involve)the kids in planning the vacation makes sure that they havea great vacation too.I prefer to visit historical sites and museums while they love to fish and swim.So I build in some relaxation time for us all(29)________________the vacation can work for everyone.Each year,setting aside vacation time to spend together is especiallyimportant to us.This is th e one week a year I don’t care whether my kids clean their room or do the dishes.(30)________matters that week is that everyone is having a great time.Each year,setting aside vacation time to spend together is especially important to us. This is th e one week a year I don’t care whether my kids clean their room or do the dishes.(30)________matters that week is that everyone is having a great time.Section B(10分)Directions:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.The human face is a remarkable piece of work.The astonishing variety of facial31 helps people recognize each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies.So is the face’s ability to send emotional32,whether through a(n)33blush or a false smile.People spend much of their waking lives,in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom,reading faces,for signs of attraction,hostility and trust.Technology is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces.In America facial recognition is used by churches to34worshippers’attendance;in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters.This year Welsh police used it to arrest a(n)35 outside a football game.In China it verifies the identities of ride-hailing drivers,36 tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile.Apple’s new iPhone is expected to use it to37the homescreen.Set against human skills,such applications might seem gradual.Some breakthroughs,such as flight or the Internet,obviously transform human abilities;facial recognition seems merely to encode them.Although faces are38to individuals, they are also public,so technology does not,at first sight,intrude on something that is private.And yet the ability to record,39and analyze images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast40promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy,fairness and trust.III.Reading ComprehensionSection A(15分)Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The notion of building brand personality is promoted by Starbucks as a part of company culture to embed meaning in their products and thus attract more customers.Starbucks literally changed the definition of“a good cup of coffee”.For Starbucks,the brand had three elements:coffee41and stores.Strict control over the quality and processing of the beans42that the coffee would be of the highest possible quality.Outstanding store personnel were employed and trained in coffee knowledge and 43service.Store design,atmosphere and aroma(浓香)all44the“Starbucks Experience”.Almost all Starbucks stores were corporately owned and controlled.Starbucks prided itself on the―Starbucks Experience‖,45coffee to provide a unique experience for its customers.46those traditional coffee houses providing you with the grab-and-go service, Starbucks provides you with more than coffee.You get great people,first-rate music,a comfortable and upbeat meeting place,and47advice on brewing excellent coffee at home.At home you’re part of a family.At work you’re part of a company.And somewhere in between is a place where you can sit back and be yourself.That’s what a Starbucks store has been48to creating for its customers—a kind of―third place‖where they can49,reflect,read,chat or listen.The green Starbucks logo is a mermaid that looks like the end of the double image of the sea.It was designed by Terry Heckler,who got the50from the wooden statue of the sea.Mermaid logo also51original and modern meanings:her face is very simple,but with modern abstract forms of packaging;the middle is black and white, the only color on the outside surrounded by a circle.Starbucks makes the typical American culture gradually broken down into elements of52:the visual warmth,hearing the way,smelling the aroma of coffee and so on. Just think,through the huge glass windows,watching the crowded streets,53 sipping a coffee flavor,which is in line with the―Yapi‖,the feeling of experience in the54life.But the55of Starbuc ks is not about the coffee,although it’s great coffee. Coffee is only a carrier.Coffee consumption,to a great extent,is an emotional and cultural level of consumption.41.A.people B.managers C.customers D.clients42.A.assured B.promised C.ensured D.predicted43.A.emergency B.environment C.employment D.customer44.A.consisted of B.benefited from C.contributed to D.headed for45.A.going beyond ing across C.making up D.depending on46.A.With regard to B.In addition to pared with D.In terms of47.A.general B.reasonable C.legal D.fascinatingmitted B.alerted C.subjected D.required49.A.negotiate B.perform C.conceal D.escape50.A.imagination B.inspiration C.patent D.philosophy51.A.creates B.cultivates C.credits D.conveys52.A.brand B.logo C.possession D.experience53.A.greedily B.gently C.persistently D.indifferently54.A.busy B.easy C.miserable D.energetic55.A.product B.vision C.essence D.importanceSection B(22分)Directions:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B, C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Men are as likely as women to suffer from postnatal(产后的)depression,a study shows.One in ten fathers—the same ratios as mothers—are found to suffer before or after birth.By the time their child reaches12weeks,as many as one in four are feeling down.The symptoms observed in the American study are not thought to be hormonal—as they are in women—and are instead probably a response to the pressures of fatherhood. These include the expense of having children,changed relationship with partners and fear of paternal(父亲的)responsibility.In the early weeks,the lack of sleep and extra domestic chores also take the toll.The study put the overall rate of depression among new fathers at10.4percent—double the estimated4.8percent for all men in any12-month period.Around8percent were affected in the12weeks before and after birth,according to the Eastern Virginia Medical School Research.The study found parents were more likely to be down if their partner was too.It is estimated that around one in ten women suffers postnatal depression,even if they have never had mental health problems.Without treatment the condition can last for months.Although most women have a few days of―Baby Blues‖shortly after birth, postnatal depression can kick in up to six months later.Experts say that paternal depression is serious because it can have―substantial emotional,behavioural and developmental‖effects on children.56.The―Baby Blues‖effect among fathers may be caused by the following except __________.A.domestic choresB.fatherhood pressureC.paternal responsibilityD.hormone imbalance57.What does the underlined phrase“take the toll”in paragraph2mean?A.Cost a lot of money.B.Take the lead.C.Have a bad effect.D.Have no links.58.Which could be the best title for the passage?A.Therapy for DepressionB.Father Getting Baby BluesC.Effects of Father BluesD.Postnatal Recovery59.Which way is most suitable for Mary,who can just spare one day to travel around Singapore?A.Night Safari.B.DUCK.C.City Sightseeing.D.Flyer.60.If David and his9-year-old son are both animal lovers,they had better dial___________formore information before their tour.A.6338-6877B.6338-6859C.6338-3311D.6338-682661.Mr.Smith is going to take his wife,his13-year-old daughter and his1-year-old son to visitSingapore at their own leisurely pace,he should get at least___________ready.A.$89B.$99C.$91D.$10162.Which organization in Singapore is most likely to issue the information above?cation Commission.B.Health Department.C.Transportation Bureau.D.Tourism Bureau.(C)Antibiotics,vaccines,organ transplant and HIV/AIDS treatments are all medical milestones that have indisputably made life better and saved millions of lives.But all these advances and countless others were developed using animals.The latest eye shadow and other cosmetics and industrial chemicals are also developed with animal testing.The lab animal issue has received attention in China in recent years as more people are concerned about animals’rights.China has no animal welfare laws prohibiting cruelty to animals,but there are standards(1986and2006)for humane treatment of lab animals, though these are difficult to enforce.World Day for Laboratory Animals was established in1979by the British National Anti-Vivisection Society,memorializing millions of animals that contributed to pure science,medicine,industry,fashion and the cosmetics industry.It’s also a day of action to protest the use of live animals for experiments from lab rats and dogs to cattle and primates(灵长类动物).Thousands of activists worldwide are campaigning to raise awareness and demand an end to experimentation with animals,though there are few effective alternatives.The British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection estimates that100million vertebrates(脊椎动物)are used in experiments every year,10to11million in the European Union.This doesn’t include mice,rats,frogs and animals not yet weaned.There are no reliable figures for China where specially bred animals are used extensively for research.Some date indicate around16million vertebrates were used in2006.Three Rs principle Thousands of activists worldwide are campaigning to raise awareness and demand an end to experimentation with animals,though there are few effective alternatives.The British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection estimates that100million vertebrates(脊椎动物)are used in experiments every year,10to11million in the European Union.This doesn’t include mice,rats,frogs and animals not yet weaned.There are no reliable figures for China where specially bred animals are used extensively for research.Some date indicate around16million vertebrates were used in2006.Three Rs principleThe three Rs are principles for lab animal welfare proposed by microbiologist RL Burch and zo ologist W.M.S.Russel in1959.They are―reduction,refinement and replacement‖and scientists are encouraged to follow them.*Reduce the number of animals by improving experimental techniques and increasing information sharing among researchers.*Refine experiments and treatment to reduce suffering;use less invasive techniques, improve care and living conditions.*Replace experiments on live animals with alternative testing where possible.―But the three Rs suggests general acquiescence(默许)in animal experimentation,‖says astatement by Animal Rights in Chine(ARC),set up in2006by over3000campaigners who have been urging the use of alternatives.The alternatives activists advocate include using cell cultures instead of whole animals,using phototoxicity tests on chemicals to predict their effects on humans,using computer models,studying human volunteers and working on isolated tissues.These approaches can be useful but they can’t provide the answers that animal research can.―Animal experiment ation is a basic,very important method in life science study and biomedical research and in some specific fields,so it is irreplaceable,‖says Yang Fei, deputy director of the Animal Experimentation Department of Fudan University.Yang has worked on regulating and standardizing animal testing for over15years.He says testing on primates is still necessary because their immune system is very similar to that of humans.They are needed to develop drugs for malaria,HIV/AIDS and infections such as SARS,he says,though admitting the approach is not perfect.63.According to the passage,___________may not be related to animal testing.A.Cough mixturesB.Genetically modified riceC.Dior LipsticksD.Artificial livers64.World Day for Laboratory animals was set up for the following reasons except ___________.A.to call for better experimental techniques to reduce sufferingsB.to memorialize the animals sacrificed in the labsC.to raise awareness of animal rightD.to offer the activists a chance to raise their objections to the use of animals’forexperiments65.Why W.M.S Russel advocated researchers to share more information?A.Because researchers can better cooperate with each other to eliminate animal testing.B.Because researchers can turn to alternatives to replace animal testing.C.Because researchers can avoid repeating similar testing on animals.D.Because researchers can make the animal testing more effective.66.___________is the biggest obstacle to cancelling animal testing.ck of enough fundck of human awarenessck of supportive statisticsck of effective alternativesSection C(8分)Directions:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Overnight,eating fried chicken in the People’s Square is OUT;instead,people started to drink HEEKCAA and eat Bao Master.This year,the qu eues in front of the doors of―Wanghong delicacies‖were so dense that a cup of tea has been hyped to over80 Yuan by scalpers(黄牛)and local bloggers even customized a one-day tour to eat in Shanghai.To a great extent,W anghong phenomenon depends on merchants’business strategy.______67______.Business also works on publicity.Before HEEKCAA’s arrival in Shanghai,it has advertised through microblog,local life service and other self-media, which has generated a certain amount of heat among the public.Once people make the purchase,the―sense of accomplishment‖will urge some of them to show off at their Wechat moments,which is good for brand image.Also,when a product is quickly recognized by consumers,capitals will come in great numbers.The boost of capitals undoubtedly helps the subsequent publicity of the brand.______68______.In the Internet era,the spread of information is so fast that it doesn’t matter whether the tea tastes good or bad;it’s just a matter of whether you ever drink it.There is a word for this behavior—―fomo‖,which means fear of missing out. Oxford University professor said this is not new.As social animals,humans have a strong desire to be part of a group,to be accepted,recognized,valued and remembered.A little baby cries for a hug and a child makes small trouble to get noticed.These behaviors are, in the eyes of sociologists,anxious for existence.It’s just that social media today that make it easier for people to perceive other pe ople’s lives,and have a sense of loss not to join them when they know what others are doing.10-20Yuan is the exchange value of milk tea,but it’s the symbol va lue of the goods that encourages people to―pull the grass‖.Just like the lipstick,mailbox a nd graffiti wall that have been on the list of Wanghong,people want to use relatively controllable spending to gain satisfaction from a moments’thumb up.______69______.With the development of society,consumers are not just buying a product but its brand culture and quality of life,so the appearance of light consuming is inevitable.However,―Wanghong economy‖is always short-lived because this consumer group is changeable in affection.Consumers who co me by―physical attractiveness‖will quickly vanis h if there is no implicit value or connotation to support.______70______. Besides,consumers should make rational consumption instead of just following the trend.With the development of society,consumers are not just buying a product but its brand culture and quality of life,so the appearance of light consuming is inevitable. However,―Wanghong economy‖is always short-lived because this consumer group is changeable in affection.Consumers who co me by―physical attractiveness‖will quickly vanis h if there is no implicit value or connotation to support.______70______.Besides, consumers should make rational consumption instead of just following the trend.IV.Summary Writing(10分)Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.When a rather dirty,poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins,do you hurry on,not knowing what to do,or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money?What should our attitude to beggars be?There can be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories.It must be terrible to have noidea where our next meal is going to come from.It seems cruel not to give some money to beggars.Certainly,most of the world’s great religions order us to be open hearted and share what we have with those less fortunate than ourselves.But has the world changed? Maybe what was morally right in the old days,when one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help,is no longer the best idea.Quite a few people will not give to beggars.Let us look at their arguments.First,some believe that many city beggars dress up on purpose to look pitiable and actually make a good living from begging.Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil.Secondly,there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer,wine or drugs.Thirdly,there is the opinion that there is no real excuse for begging.One might be poor,but that is no reason for losing one’s sense of pride and self-dependence.Related to this is the opinion that the problem should be dealt with by the government rather than ordinary people.Some people think beggars should go to the local government department and receive help.It is hard to come to any final conclusion;there are various cases and we must deal with them differently.A few coins can save a life in some situations,and even if the money is wasted,that does not take away the moral goodness of the giver.V.Translation(15分)Directions:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.我们在国外旅游时,应当遵循当地的风俗。

2018届上海市闵行区高考一模英语试题及答案

B.
She may be late for the football game.
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D.
She is currently caught in a traffic jam.
8. A. The man can stay in her brother
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of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but
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上海市闵行区 2018届高考一模英语试题第 I 卷 ( 共 107 分 )
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short
conversations between two speakers. At the end of each

2018年上海宝山区高考英语一模试卷和参考答案及听力原文

2018年上海宝山区高考英语一模试卷II.Grammar and VocabularyWhy My Best Friend Is a BookWriting about beliefs is hard.It makes you reach deep into your soul and truly look at what is there.It requires time and effort,and then hits you in the face and someone in the bac kground says―Oh,why didn’t you think of that before?‖Beliefs change,they mature and grow just (21)__________a child.The best beliefs are the ones that(22)________(cherish)throughout a lifetime.One belief I cherish above all others is the power and enjoyment of reading.Reading can be for fun and that learning is(23)_________(easy)when you’re having fun. Being able to relate to the characters,imagine the conflicts in your head,and feel the characters’sadness,as well as their joy,is the most amazing thing about reading.A chance to live another life for a short time,to be another person,Reading lends the soul and mind a place (24)_________(escape).I would much rather pick up a good luck than watch a television show.Reading can teach us.Wh ether it’s a fantasy novel or a historical account,you learn when you read.It provides grammar and(25)_______(write)language skills.Reading teaches us about emotion.Reading gives you new words and expands your vocabulary by forcing you to challenge yourself.In its own way it makes us feel the emotions of the characters.(26)________________ _________you read,I believe you will learn,mind and soul.Reading can bring people together.I cannot count the number of new friends and people that have entered my life because of books.My stepmother,grandmother,and I all rad the same books.(27)________is better than being able to share the tense moments,near misses,and happy endings while(28)________(drink)a steaming cup of coffee together with someone.Reading allows you to lower your walls and let people in to form genuine chains.Plus people(29) ________read impressive books are usually pretty cool themselves!Over the years reading has been my companion.Always with a book in my purse,I have never faced the world without a best friend by my side.Books(30)________(help)me through difficult periods and applauded me in times of celebration.Books always make me smile.That’s the biggest reason I believe in reading,because it will make you happy.Section BDirections:After reading the passage below,fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one more word than you need.A.extentB.substanceC.normalD.potentialE.refreshingF.instructionsG.function H.caused I.physical J.restore K.mentallyThe discovery builds on earlier findings showed that a class of genes called splicing(胶接) factors is progressively switched off as we age.The research team found that splicing factors canbe switched back on with chemicals,making aging cells not only look____31____younger,but start to divide like young cells.The researchers applied compounds chemicals based on a____32____naturally found in red wine,dark chocolate,red grapes and blueberries,to cells in culture.The chemicals____33____ splicing factors,which are progressively switched off as we age to be switched back on.Within hours,the cells looked younger and started to rejuvenate,behaving like young cells.The discovery has the___34_____to lead to therapies that could help people age better, without experiencing some of the degenerative effects of getting old.Most people by the age of85 have experienced some kind of chronic illness,and as people get older they are more prone to stroke,heart disease and cancer.Professor Harries as saying,―This is a first step in trying to make people live___35_____lifetime,but with health for their entire life.Our data suggests that using chemicals to switch back on the major class of genes that are switched off as we age might provide a means to____36____to old cells.‖Dr Eva Latorre,Research Associate at the University of Exeter,who carried out the experiments,was surprised by the____37____and rapidity of the changes in the cells.―When I saw some of the cells in the culture dish___38_____I couldn’t believe it.These old cells were looking like young cells.It was like magic,‖she said.―I repeated the experiments several times and in each case the cells rej uvenated.I am very excited by the implications and potential for this research.‖As we age,our tissues accumulate senescent cells which are alive but do not grow or ____39____as they should.These old cells lose the ability to correctly regulate the output of their genes.This is one reason why tissues and organs become susceptible to disease as we age.When activated,genes make a message that gives the____40____for the cell to behave in a certain way.Most genes can make more than one message,which determines how the cell acts.Splicing factors are crucial in ensuring that genes can perform their full range of functions.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Cameron Buckner,assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Houston,argues in an article published in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research that a wide range of animal species exhibit so-called―executive control‖when it comes to making decisions,_____41___ considering their goals and ways to satisfy those goals before acting.He acknowledges that language is____42___for some experienced forms of higher-order thinking,or thinking about thinking.But supported by a review of previously published research, Buckner_____43____that a wide variety of animals---elephants,chimpanzees(黑猩猩), ravens(大乌鸦)and lions,among others---______44____reasonable decision-making.―These data suggest that not only do some animals have a subjective take on the suitability of the___45_____they are evaluating for their goal,they possess a subjective,internal signal regarding their confidence in this take can be used to select among different options,‖he wrote.The question has been____46____since the days of the ancient philosophers,as people considered what means to be human is.One way to address that,Buckner said,is to ____47____exactly what sets humans apart from other animals.Language remains a key difference between animals and humans,and Buckner notes that serious____48____in the1970s and80s to teach animal’s human language—teaching chimpanzees to use sign language,___49___----found that although they were able to express simple ideas,they did not engage in____50___thought and language structures.Ancient philosophers relied upon unreliable___51___to study the issue,but today’s researcher conduct complicated controlled experiments.Buckner,working with Thomas Bugnyar and Stephan A.Reber,mental biologist at the University of Vienna,last year____52____the results of a result that determined ravens share at least some of the human ability to think abstractly about other minds,___53____their behavior by attaching their own observations to others.In his latest paper,Buckner offers several examples to support his____54____.His goal, Buckner said,was to organize experimental research,―to see that we’re gathered enough evide nce to say that animals really are___55_____in a unique way.‖41.A.secretly B.unintentionally C.scarcely D.consciously42.A.required B.qualified C.acquired D.prepared43.A.concerns plains C.conclude D.convinces44.A.turn down B.engage in C.refer to D.argue about45.A.option B.scheme C.regulation D.random46.A.dismissed B.ignored C.debated D.answered47.A.evaluate B.determine C.overlook D.initiate48.A.results B.successes C.achievements D.attempts49.A.for example B.this is to say C.on the contrary D.as a result50.A.obvious B.feasible C.private plex51.A.mystery B.tradition C.evidence D.fiction52.A.substituted B.published C.reflected D.maintained53.A.adapting B.symbolizing C.investigating D.revenging54.A.agreement B.implement C.requirement D.argument55.A.passionate B.reasonable C.confused D.ridiculousSection A(A)We see them everywhere.―There are some things that money can’t buy…for everything else,there’s MasterCard.‖We hear them everywhere.―Make life rewarding…American Express.‖Whether watching television,driving down the highway,or even appearing on our Facebook page,the appeal of money is inescapable.Growing up,my parents always emphasized the importance of family and faith over material possessions.Yet,money and all the new,interesting things it could buy did not escape me.As I entered my freshman year,my debit card and I engaged in quite the dates.Between game-day dresses,steak dinners and wonderful downtown Athens,I quickly drained17years worth of savings.By the time summer rolled around,I didn’t consider how much cash I had spent,or how much stuff I had acquired…I was focused on how much more money I would need for next fall. When I wasn’t working,I was checking my bank account,try to figure out if my next paycheck would cover those pillows that would look so cute in my new apartment.My bank account balance was becoming a major source of stress in my life,creating tension with my financially smart parents and causing me constant concern.Finally,after a very heated argument with my Dad,I accepted the truth:I simply could not afford money anymore.I realized that I was much happier(and I sensed my blood pressure was much lower)when money was just something in the bank.While the clothes are pretty and those pillows are comfy, they lost their appeal right around the second a new item caught my eye.Towards the end of the summer,I let go of my financial issues–a fter all,I can’t buy more time with my friends and family before going back to Athens.I still check my bank account.I still go shopping occasionally.But now,those aren’t priorities.My money sufferings taught me that I shouldn’t seek out wealth as a m eans of satisfaction and happiness.Instead,my happiness should come from the moments and people that cannot be bought,exchanged,or returned.I now re-word those credit card slogans to reflect the value I place on finding wealth in the love shared betwe en my family and friends:―There are some things that money can’t buy…Seek them.‖Unlike cash,this form of wealth grows the moreI give.56.According to the passage,the author feels happy now mainly because______.A.the appeal of money is inescapableB.he values the love between his family and friendsC.his wealth grows by working hard every dayD.he has paid off his debt in cash57.The author mentions the heated argument with Dad in paragraph3in order to______.A.show how to settle problems with othersB.prove how selfish his Dad isC.explain material possessions get him into troubleD.display generation gap between Dad and Son58.The word―comfy‖(paragraph4)probably means______.A.realisticB.individualC.graciousfortable59.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.Seeking a different kind of wealthB.Letting go of different sufferingsC.Wealth as a means of satisfactionD.Happiness grows out of hardships(B)Americans are more stressed than ever,according to an American Psychological Association survey,and nearly one-third say stress impacts their physical or mental health.If you have any of these symptoms,your stress might be making you sick.Here’s how to battle against them.If you’ve never suffered from headaches bu t suddenly your head is constantly striking,you might be too stressed.Stress releases chemicals that can cause changes to nerves and blood vessels(血管)in the brain,which brings on a headache.Stress can cause them or make them worse. It’s also common fo r your muscles to tense up when you’re stressed,which can also cause a headache.WHAT TO DO:If you don’t want to take medicine,try spreading lavender(薰衣草)oil on your temples(太阳穴)when a headache starts.Or try one of thesehome remedies for headaches.Stress can make you mentally sick,too.Too much of the stress hormonecortisol(皮质醇)can make it harder to concentrate,causingmemory problems as well as anxiety or depression,says Dr.Levine.WHAT TO DO:Relax until you regain your concentration.Practice closing your eyes and breathing in and out slowly,concentrating only on your breath.Losing a few strands of hair is normal(old hair follicles(囊)arereplaced by new ones over time),but stress can disturb that cycle.Significant stress p ushes a large number of hair follicles into what’scalled a resting stage and then a few months later those hairs fall out,according to .Stress can also cause the body’s resistantsystem to attack your hair follicles,resulting in hair loss.WHAT TO DO:Be patient.Once your stress level returns to normal,your hair should start growing back.60.If you’re stressed,you might have one of the following symptoms EXCEPT that______.A.you keep getting headachesB.you always have a coldC.your hair is falling outD.your brain feels confused61.Which of the following is suggested if your brain goes out of focus?A.Breathing slowly with your eyes closed.B.Waiting until your brain returns to normal.C.Spreading lavender oil on your temples.D.Relaxing and attacking your brain softly.62.What will happen once we get over our stress according to the passage?A.Our hair starts falling out and then grows back.B.Our body’s resistant system attacks your hair folliclesC.Our hair starts growing again.D.A serious headache starts.(C)For many in the general public and the engineering community alike,the potential implications of additive manufacturing(AM)have excited the imagination.Popularly known as 3-D printing,the emerging class of technologies has been regarded as both a revolution in production and an opportunity for dramatic environmental advance.Yet while the technological capabilities of additive manufacturing processes are studied extensively,a deep understanding of their environmental implications is still lacking.A new special issue of Yale’s Journal of Industrial Ecology presents the cutting-edge research on this emerging field,providing important insights into its environmental,energy,and health impacts.Though sometimes described in the public field as similar to an inkjet printer for making objects,additive manufacturing is primarily used as a production process in industry and contains a diverse set of technologies.What they share is the ability to produce products and parts based on digital information by adding layers of materials one after the other rather than,as in traditional manufacturing,removing materials–thus the label―additive.‖―The research in this issue shows that it is too early to label3-D printing as the path to sustainable manufacturing,‖said Reid Lifset, editor-in-chief of the Journal of Industrial Ecology and co-author of the lead editorial.―We need to know much more about the material footprints,energy consumption in production,process emissions,a nd especially the linking devices and adjustments between the various stages in the production process.‖Additive manufacturing is sometimes seen as inherently environmentally preferable to traditional manufacturing because of its potential for local production–by consumers,merchants and hobbyists–and because it is thought to allow zero-waste manufacturing.Research in this issue,however,indicates that the environmental performance is very sensitive to the pattern of usage and composition of the machinery and the materials used.―This special issue demonstrates the capability of industrial ecology to reveal important and often overlooked aspects of new technologies,‖said Indy Burke,Dean of the Yale School of Forestry&Environmental Studies.―If we are to realize the environmental potential of3-D printing,we need to know where the challenges and the advantages lie.‖The special issue contains:life cycle assessments(LCA)of AM processes and productsinvestigations of the process energy consumption of AM technologiesstudies of operator exposure to printer emissions and dangerous materialsexamination of the sustainability benefits derived from the complex figure of parts enabled by the technologyanalysis of supply-chain issues arising from the use of the technology63.The word―additive‖in the passage refers to______.A.the substance added in small amounts for a special purposeB.the additional technological capabilities of manufacturing processesC.the digital way to produce products by adding serial layers of materialsD.the traditional way to produce products by removing materials64.The contents listed in the special issue mentioned at the end of this passage focus on ______.A.the studies of additive manufacturing and sustainabilityB.a diverse set of technologies of additive manufacturingC.the comparison between additive and traditional manufacturingD.the experiments conducted by Journal of Industrial Ecology65.Which of the following can be inferred about the researchers’viewpoint from the p assage?A.3-D printing is viewed as a revolution in production.B.3-D printing is regarded as a kind of sustainable manufacturing.C.AM makes a harmful impact on environment,energy,and health.D.The challenges and advantages of AM need further studies.66.The passage mainly discusses______.A.investigations of the3-D printing processB.the environmental implications of3-D printingC.studies of3-D printing emissions and materialsD.assessments of additive manufacturing processesSection CA.The findings show that they also apply criticism to nontraditional women’s husbands.B.He is also regarded as having less power in the relationship.C.These include having a higher status,yielding more power,being more self-focused, ambitious and self-confident.D.The married surname tradition is more than just a tradition.E.Up to now,researchers have not yet examined how a woman’s married surname choice influences howothers look at her husband.F.Women’s rightist scholars understand why the surname tradition remains widely supported.What does it mean for the husband when his wife keeps her own surname?The tradition of women adopting their husbands’surname after marriage is arguably one of the most widespread gender-role standards in Western cultures despite marked changes in the role that women play in society and in the labor force.According to previous studies,women who violate the married surname tradition are viewed differently from others.They are described in terms of instrumental characteristics that in a gendered society are typically assigned to men.__67__These characteristics contrast with the expressive characteristics that are typically assigned to women,such as being more caring,kind and having less influence and power.__68__For this purpose,Robnett and her colleagues carried out three studies in the US and UK.The first two studies showed that husbands whose wives keep their own surnames are often described through terms that are opposed to the gender-typical personality characteristics and power framework used for men.They are described in more expressive than instrumental terms, and are seen to hold less power in a marriage.Their findings indicate that people conclude from married surname choices to make more general inferences about a couple’s g ender-typed personality characteristics.Results from the third study conducted by Robnett’s team suggest that people hold different opinions in how they think about such cases.People who firmly hold on to traditional gender roles react particularly strongly to a man whose wife keeps her surname because they see him as an incapable person.―We know from previous research that people high in unfriendly sexism(蔑视女性)respond negatively to women who violate traditional gender roles,‖says Robnett.―__69__‖―This study joins several others in implying a link between traditions in men and women’s romantic relationships and power structures favoring men,‖says Robnett.―__70__ It reflects slight gender-role standards and ideas that often remain unquestioned despit e privileging men.‖Secure payment without leaving a traceComputer scientist Andy Rupp,member of the―Signaling Code and Security‖working group,is always surprised about lacking problem awareness:only few users are aware of the fact that by using payment systems they disclose in detail how and what they consume or which routes they have taken.To prevent control of the accounts by dishonest users,customer data and account balances of payment are usually carried out with the help of a central database.In every payment deal,the customer is identified and the details of her/his deal are transmitted to the central database.This repeated identification process produces a data trace that might be misused by the provider or third parties.The expert has now presented the basics of an―electronic purse‖that works by unknown names,but prevents misuse at the same time.The―black-box addition plus‖(BBA+)code system developed by them transfers all necessary account data to the card used or the smartphone and guarantees their secrets with the help of signaling code methods.At the same time,BBA+offers security guarantees for the operator of the payment system:The code system guarantees a correct account balance and is mathematically constructed such that the identity of the user is disclosed as soon as the attempt is made to pay with a controlled account.―Our new code system guarantees privacy and security for customers during offline operation as well,‖Andy Rupp says.―This is needed for ensuring the payment system’s suitability for daily use.Think of a subway doorway or a payment bridge.There you may have no internet connection at all or it is very slow.‖Also its high efficiency makes the code system suited for everyday use:During first test runs,researchers completed payments within about one second.______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ V.Translation72.他仍难以用英语表达自己的想法。

上海崇明区2018年高三一模英语

崇明区2018届第一次高考模拟考试试卷英语（考试时间120分钟，满分140分。

请将答案填写在答题纸上）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In the street. B. At home. C. On the phone. D. At an office.2. A. A journalist. B. An electrician. C. A salesman. D. An operator.3. A. The flying time. B. The strange weather. C. The man’s jacket. D. The changeable fashion.4. A. She had a holiday. B. She travelled with her cousin.C. Her cousin visited her.D. Her cousin was away from Belgium.5. A. The stage is not big enough. B. They’re lucky to get two tickets.C. It’s not easy at all to get tickets.D. The woman doesn’t want to sit near the stage.6. A. Help the man to copy the novel. B. Return the novel to Alice immediately.C. Find a copy of the novel for the man.D. Ask Alice if the man can borrow the novel.7. A. She’s glad the man waited for her. B. She’d like to resc hedule the meeting.C. She wasn’t very late for the meeting.D. She’s sorry that she missed the meeting.8. A. He has got more pages to write. B. The woman’s report is already long enough.C. He has already finished his report.D. The woman will have time to finish the report.9. A. She needs a different kind of job. B. She often goes back with her supervisor.C. She used to work for a newspaper.D. She’d like her supervisor’s opinion of her work.10. A. The man should have had his car inspected sooner.B. The man doesn’t need to have his car inspected until next month.C. The auto inspection center will be closed at the end of the month.D. She has to wait even longer than the man did to have her car inspected.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.self-driving cars. B. A successful test of self-driving cars.11. A. Alphabet’s plan onC. People’s responses to self-driving cars. D. The 3D map used in self-driving cars.'.12. A. The camera. B. The laser device. C. The built-in GPS. D. The sensors and radar.13. A. Self-driving cars are already common. B. It was the first test of self-driving cars.C. There exists distrust in self-driving cars.D. Drivers are still needed in self-driving cars.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Tourism can bring a lot of disadvantages. B. Tourism is increasingly popular these years.C. Tourism should benefit local communities.D. Tourism has become a problem in some places.15. A. The cost of fuel is low. B. More people are visiting China.C. Plane tickets are cheap.D. People need tourism for jobs and wealth.16. A. 1.8 million more people will travel in 2030 according to the UNWTO.B. Measures have been taken to address overtourism in some places.C. Taleb Rifai doesn’t regard overtourism as a problem.D. Some cities have forbidden tourists to visit them.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Because the joke was about dinner. B. To get all the boys involved in the joke.C. Because they had no idea about the joke.D. To leave the boys no time to take revenge.18. A. It was carefully prepared. B. The boys were each asked to take a bowl.C. The food there was delicious.D. Supper should be skipped before the party.19. A. Stupid. B. Challenged. C. Confused. D. Disappointed.20. A. The girls’ joke turned out to be a success.B. The class teacher was not generous enough.C. The boys managed to take revenge on the girls.D. The food was delicious so the bowls were emptied.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Star Giraffe Finally Gives BirthApril, a giraffe who became an Internet star after her pregnancy was broadcast online, has finally given birth, ending months of excitement for her audience.The live broadcast from Animal Adventure Park in Harpursville, the State of New York, beganduring the winter. (21) drew nearly five million viewers a day at its peak. Some viewers kept checking back, even after the period (22) _____ _____ April was expected to give birth had gone. Others became frustrated, questioning (23)_____ she was really pregnant.Finally, (24)_____ April was pacing in her pen(畜栏) on April 15, two hooves (蹄) began to appear. After a few hours, a newly-born giraffe was lying on the floor, (25)_____ (look) around confusedly. The calf (幼崽) tried to stand a few times but (26)_____ not. An hour later, it was (27)_____ its feet, walking around carefully. A spokesman for the animal park said the calf was a boy.'.“After months of pregnancy, both mom and calf are doing fine,”said Jordan, the owner of AnimalAdventure Park.People in Harpursville now hope the attention that April (28)_____ (draw) will translate into aneconomic development for the area. Harpursville was once a manufacturing base, but it has struggledfinancially in recent years.Fortunately, there are already signs (29)_____ April’s fame is breathing new life into the area.Dozens of families recently arrived at the animal park after hours of driving, only (30)_____ (find) itclosed for the winter. A nearby hotel has booked more than 100 reservations for a package that includesadmission to the park when it reopens in May.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be usedonce. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. modelB. competitiveC. insertingD. pickupE. originalF. missionG. price H. mirroring I. branching J. virtual K. buyingFirst Automobile Vending Machine (自动贩卖机)Company Builds W orld’sThanks to used-car website Carvana, it is now possible to buy your own set of wheels at the touchof a button, from the world’s first and only coin-operated car vending machine in Nashville, Tennessee.easy, and not cheap, but cheaper than buying a car the old way.It’s quick,The company has been working on the concept for the past two years. Their 31 car vendingmachine was installed in Atlanta in 2013. But they’ve spent time improving the design, in order to takeuser experience to the next level. “Our new Vending Machine is a state-of-the-art, multi-story structureErnie Garcia.that delivers our customers’ cars by merely32 a special coin,” said Carvana CEOThe machine consists of a five-story glass tower that can hold up to 20 cars at a time. The towerbasically serves as a(n) 33 point for used cars that customers purchase through the website,enabling 34 pricing and eliminating delivery costs.Customers can access a long list of specifications, ratings, reviews, and lots of other details aboutget 35 tours that point out everythe cars they’re interested in on the Carvana website. They evenscratch on the body of the car. Once the car is chosen and paid for, the company usually delivers the carto the customer for a seven-day trial period. This usually means the delivery costs are worked into the36 of the vehicle.But with the Vending Machine, customers are able to go to pick u p their cars straight away. It’s a win-win 37 that allows Carvana to cut down on staff and overhead(间接费用), and savecustomers about $2,000 as well. According to the company, it also makes for a great 38experience –placing an oversized coin in a slot(硬币投币口) and watching their car roll down automatically.“Carvana’s 39 is to create a better way to buy a car, and this new Vending Machine will bea one-of-a-kind experience, 40 just how simple and easy we’ve made it to buy a car online,”　Garcia said. He added the company plans to build more car vending machines in the future.'.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Stay out of the Sun to Look YoungForget drinking countless glasses of water or getting your beauty sleep. The secret of lookingyoung is simply to stay out of the sun. A study of hundreds of women has revealed that those whoavoided the sun’s rays looked up to 20 years younger than they actually are.However, other supposed rules for a youthful complexion (肤色), from drinking lots of water tosleeping well and exercising regularly, failed to 41 the hands of time. Only keeping out of thesun, and wearing sunscreen when this wasn’t possible, made a 42 , the American Academy of Dermatology’s annual conference will hear today. The interesting 43 comes from a study of 231women of all ages who were quizzed about their lives, including whether they were sun-lovers. Whenresearchers from Massachusetts General Hospital in the US – commissioned by skincare firm Olay –guessed how old the women were, they found those who 44 in the sun tended to have aged moreslowly. A lucky four had so few wrinkles and 45 spots, and such a fresh complexion, that theyappeared to be a full two decades younger than they really were.Researcher Dr Alexa Kimball, a professor of dermatology(皮肤医学), said the 46 advicethat we drink lots of water to stay healthy is actually a myth (谬见), and the body is ‘pretty good’ at judging how much we need.Previous research by the British Nutrition Foundation reached a 47 conclusion. Expertsthere said: ‘Just drinking water for the sake of drinking water really has no effect on improving the-looking skin.It isn’t clear why the women who 48 well didn’t have youngerappearance of skin.’take into account theirBut it may be that the question they were asked was too 49 and didn’tlong-term sleep patterns.A second study, also by Olay, suggested that low-level day to day exposure to the sun is moreageing than 50 , intense exposure. Finally, DNA examination of tiny samples of the women’s skin helped understand the 51 done by the sun. A gene called CDKN2A was more active in facial skinthat is exposed to the elements than in samples taken from the bottoms. This gene was also more activein women who said they loved the 52 –and in those who looked older. Dr Kimball saidCDKN2A activity is a 53 that a cell is ‘tired out’ and urged women should protect their skin year round and not just when on a beach holiday.Dr Frauke Neuser, principal scientist at Olay, which has used the 54 to develop its latestface creams, said: ‘This research gives us a detailed picture of the effect of sun exposure on skin ageingand illustrate the importance of protection on a 55 basis.’41. A. add to B. benefit from C. depend on D. hold back42. A. mistake B. proposal C. difference D. comment43. A. finding B. suggestion C. prospect D. possibility44. A. cheered up B. were exposed C. made trouble D. took care'.45. A. age B. trouble C. scenic D. weak46. A. faulty B. popular C. helpful D. conflicting47. A. better B. similar C. false D. satisfactory48. A. ate B. exercised C. acted D. slept49. A. hard B. apparent C. narrow D. serious50. A. occasional B. limited C. potential D. initial51. A. good B. damage C. treatment D. miracle52. A. beauty B. water C. skin D. sun53. A. trend B. possibility C. sign D. chance54. A. product B. research C. approach D. sample55. A. temporary B. personal C. daily D. strictSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Mickey Mouse and Shrek are just a couple of the American animated (动画的) characters loved the world over. And they are examples of the evolution of animation, which has brought unique newlife to the film industry.Among the first American animated films was Light of the Moon, a silent movie produced in 1911 using silhouette (剪影) animation, where the characters are represented only as black silhouettes.The real breakthrough for American animation came with Steamboat Willie, created by Walt Disney and released in 1928. It was the first animated film to be accompanied by sound, and its main star, Mickey Mouse, became one of the most loveable and enduring animated characters ever created. Disney also created the first American full-length animated film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Released in 1937, it enjoyed worldwide box-office success.Disney’s extremely careful attention to high-quality detail in the thousands of hand-painted drawings required at that time to make an animated film elevated this film technique to the level of a serious art form.Clay animation is a type of stop-motion animation using forms made of clay. Clay animation films have been produced in the United States since 1908. But this form of animation only won wide popular appeal in 1955 with a short film called Gumbasia, created by Art Clokey.Computer-generated imagery, or CGI, brought animation to a new level of artistry and realism. Used in film since the 1960s, CGI animation began to develop rapidly in the mid-1990s. Toy Story, released in 1995 and created by Pixar and Disney Studios, was the first completely computer-generated animated feature film.In 2001, DreamWorks and Pacific Data Images released Shrek, the first computer-animated feature film to win an Oscar. Shrek returned in 2004 with his talking donkey, his princess bride Fiona'.and an army of fairy-tale characters in Shrek 2. Hugely popular, that film became the highest-grossing(票房最高的) animated film of all time.In addition to strictly animated movies, animation has been mixed into films showing live actorsJurassicas well. Who can forget the terrifyingly real dinosaurs thundering through Steven Spielberg’Park movies and the ac tors they chased? Thanks to the powerful capabilities of today’s computers the unlimited imagination of American filmmakers, animation will be entertaining audiencesworldwide for a long time to come.56. The passage is mainly about the _____ of animation.A. influenceB. popularityC. charactersD. development57. Which film marked the beginning of the complete digital age of American animation?A. Light of the Moon.B. Steamboat Willie.C. Toy Story.D. Shrek.58. It can be learned from the passage that _____.A. Disney played a very important role in promoting animationB. computers make animated characters more lovelyC. Jurassic Park movies involve only live actorsD. clay animation enjoys long-lasting popularity59. What can be inferred about the future of animation from the passage?A. Animation will forever remain an essential form of entertainment.B. Animation will be replaced by new forms of films in the near future.C. Animation will continuously gain new life due to computers and imagination.D. Animation will get more popular in the future for the developing film technology.（B）'.The Puffing Billy Railway, located about 40km east of Melbourne, was constructed in the early 1900sto open up remote areas. The present line between Belgrave and Gembrook travels through the forests and farmlands of the magnificent Dandenong Ranges. Today, this non-profit Railway operates almost daily thanks to the tireless efforts of more than 900 dedicated volunteers.General Information:People with disabilities –can be accommodated on most excursion trains, including a limited number of wheelchairs. Please phone to check availability.Easy access toilets are at Belgrave, Lakeside and Gembrook.Refreshments and souvenirs – are available at most stations.Railway Tracks – standing and walking on the tracks is not permitted.Prams (婴儿车) – only folding or narrow type prams can be accommodated through the narrow carriage doors.Smoking – is not permitted on the train or under any roofed areas.Assistance Dogs certified by a registered authority – are the only dogs allowed on the train and must be kept on lead at all times.Alcohol – is not permitted on trains (except as provided in dining cars).Toilets –are located at each station. Parenting rooms are located at Belgrave, Lakeside & Gembrook.Photographs and videos –for personal use are permitted. Wedding photography and any use, re-use or reproduction for commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission. Conditions:Concession fares (优惠票价) are available to Australian bearers of Health Care, Student, Seniors, Companion or Pensioner cards. (Exclude evening dining and events). Your signature may be required on day of travel for verification purposes.Children under 4 years, not occupying a seat, are carried FREE on excursion trains only, excluding special events and dining trains.Discounts are available for pre-booked group travel (20 or more) on a return journey, except onSundays, public holidays and school holidays.All trains are steam-driven unless a diesel locomotive(柴油机车) is required in exceptional circumstances.First Class Travel return journeys are on appointed trains only.60. The above information is mainly intended for _____.A. international tourists in AustraliaB. potential travellers of the steam trainsC. local residents in Dandenong RangesD. volunteers on the Puffing Billy Railway61. People are not permitted to bring _____ onto the excursion trains.A. pramsB. guide dogsC. wheelchairsD. alcohol62. What can be learned from the above information?A. Taking photos is forbidden on most excursion trains.B. Toilets for the disabled are not available at all stations.C. Foreign visitors to Australia can also get concession fares.D. One can get tickets at a lower price as long as he books in advance.'.（C）Academic learning is usually in the spotlight at school, but teaching elementary-age students-control and how to get along with others might help to keep at-risk kids out of“soft” skills like selfcriminal trouble in the future, a study finds.Duke University researchers looked at a program called Fast Track, which was started in the1990s for children who were identified by their teachers and parents to be at high risk for developingaggressive behavioral problems.The students were randomized into two groups; half took part in the intervention (干预), whichincluded a teacher-led curriculum, parent training groups, academic tutoring and lessons in self-controland social skills. The program, which lasted from first grade through tenth grade, reduced arrests anduse of health and mental health services as the students aged through adolescence and young adulthood,as researchers explained in a separate study.In the latest study, researchers looked at the “why” behind those previous findings. In looking at the data from nearly 900 students, the researchers found that about a third of the impact on future crimeoutcomes was due to the social and self-regulation skills the students learned from ages 6 to 11.The academic skills that were taught as part of Fast Track turned out to have less of an impact oncrime than did the soft skills, which are associated with emotional intelligence.“The conclusion that we would make is that these soft skills should be emphasized even more inh Dodge, a professor atour education system and in our system of socializing children,” says KennetDuke who was a principal investigator in this study as well as in the original Fast Track project. Parentsshould do all they can to promote these skills with their children, Dodge says, as should education policymakers.To Neil Bernstein, a psychologist in Washington, D.C., who specializes in child and adolescentto match what he’s seen among the general public inbehavior disorders, the researchers’ findings seemworking with children for more than 30 years. And while he says he agrees with the importance ofteaching self-control and social skills, he would add empathy to the list, too.“Empathy is w hat makes us aware of the feelings of others, and when you’re empathic,you’reBernstein, who serves on the advisory board formuch less likely to hurt someone else’s feelings,” saysthe Partnership for Drug-Free Kids. “Being in tune with how someone else feels might also makeadolescents avoid bullying and other behaviors of concern,” Bernstein says.ndings are meaningful and could potentially serve as a model While Bernstein thinks the study’s fifor schools, he says that collectively getting a school system, teachers, parents and students allmotivated enough to take part in an intervention like Fast Track is challenging.63. Fast Track is aimed to _____.A. improve children’s academic skillsB. help the children with behavior disordersC. identify the problematic childrenD. classify children into different groups64. Neil Bernstein thinks that _____.A. empathic children are more likely to have higher emotional intelligenceB. the findings of the studies disagree with what he has found in his work'.C. empathy is equally essential in educating and socializing childrenD. self-control and social skills are not as important as empathy65. What can be learned from the passage?A. It’s hard to involve everyone concerned in applying the findings.B. Soft skills were not part of the education system in the past.C. The findings are meaningless unless guided by Fast Track.D. Adolescence is the most critical stage in a person’s life.66. What does the passage mainly tell us?A. Academic skills are paid too much attention at schools.B. Academic skills have no influence on children’s behaviors.C. Soft skills are much harder to develop than academic skills.D. Soft skills play a significant role in preventing future crimes.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.So it’s not easy for English speakers to label place values clearly.B.The additional mental steps needed to solve problems cause more errors.C.Differences between Chinese and English, in particular, have been studied for decades.D.This method is a powerful tool for solving more advanced multi-digit addition and subtractionproblems.E.Different languages indicate different ways of thinking, causing people to solve mathproblems differently.F.That makes it easier for children to understand the place value as well as making it clear thatthe number system is based on units of 10.The Best Language for MathWhat’s the best language for learning math? Hint: You’re not reading it.Chinese, Japanese and Korean use simpler number words and express math concepts more clearly than English. The language gap is drawing growing attention as confusing English number words have been linked in several studies to weaker counting and arithmetic skill in children in English-speaking countries.67 Among the researchers are Karen Fuson, a professor in the School of Education at Northwestern University, and Li Yeping, an expert on Chinese math education at Texas A&M University.Chinese has just nine number words, while English has more than two dozen. The trouble starts at “11”. English has a unique word for the number, while Chinese (as well as Japanese and Korean, among other languages) have words that can be translated as “ten-one”– spoken with the “ten” first.68English number words over 10 don’t as clearly label place values. Number words for the teens '.reverse the order of the ones and “teens”, making it easy for children to confuse, say, 17 with 71. As aresult, children working with English number words have a harder time doing multi-digit addition andsubtraction (减法). 69It also feels more natural for Chinese speakers than for English speakers to use the “make-a-ten”addition and subtraction strategy. When adding two numbers, students break down the numbers intoparts and regroup them into tens and ones. For instance, 9 plus 5 becomes 9 plus 1 plus 4. 70Many teachers in America have increased instruction in the make-a-ten method and called forfirst-graders to use it to add and subtract.Now, you should feel lucky that you are learning math in China. Thanks to your mother tongue,all math problems just come less confusing and difficult to you!IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passagein no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.From Burn Survivor to Global InspirationLast October, the Kona Ironman World Championship witnessed an unbelievable finish. Turia Pitt,an Australian woman who suffered severe burns when caught in a bush fire during a marathon six yearsago, successfully challenged herself.Pitt spent 864 days in a hospital and went through more than 200 operations. Doctors said shewould never run again, but she proved them wrong.Crossing the line in the Hawaiian darkness, Pitt showed incredible emotion as the racecommentator (现场解说员) announced: “Turia Pitt, you are an ironman!”On social media, peoplearound the world applauded her determination.Apart from continuing to be a star athlete, Pitt is also a motivational speaker now. She is sharingher journey of recovery with others to help raise awareness about the importance of organ donation,which she believes saved her life.Pitt was 24 years old when she and five others encountered the fire. Doctors had to remove theburnt skin and replace it with donated skin that could fight infection. None could be found in Australiaand doctors were forced to search abroad. They finally found skin that could be used in the UnitedStates.“I’m not being dramatic, but it was the skin that saved my life,” said Pitt. “I decid life to the best of my abilities because I never wanted those donors, wherever they are, to think I wasungrateful for their gift.”So Pitt set herself a big goal: the Kona Ironman World Championship. In order to compete, shehad to first learn how to stand, walk and even talk all over again. And because of her burns, she alsohas trouble sweating and regulating her body temperature.Despite these disadvantages, Pitt completed the race in just 14 hours. She said this achievementwould not be possible without the donated skin, highlighting the importance of organ donation.'.。

2018年上海宝山区高考英语一模试卷和参考答案及听力原文

2018 年上海宝山区高考英语一模试卷II. Grammar and VocabularyWhy My Best Friend Is a BookWriting about beliefs is hard. It makes you reach deep into your soul and truly look at what is there. It requires time and effort, and then hits you in the face and someone in the bac kground says ― Oh, why didn ' t you think of that before? ‖, th Beeyl i emfsa t ucrhea n agned grow just(21)a child. The best beliefs are the ones that (22) ( cherish) throughout alifetime. One belief I cherish above all others is the power and enjoyment of reading.Reading can be for fun and that learning is (23) (easy) when you ' reh aving fun.Being able to relate to the characters, imagine the conflicts in your head,and feel the characters sadness, as well as their joy, is the most amazing thing about reading. A chance to live another life for a short time, to be another person, Reading lends the soul and mind a place (24) (escape). I would much rather pick up a good luck than watch a television show.Reading can teach us. Wh ether it ' s a fantasy an ohvisetol orirc al account, you learn whenyou read. It provides grammar and (25) (write) language skills. Reading teaches us about emotion. Reading gives you new words and expands your vocabulary by forcing you to challenge yourself. In its own way it makes us feel the emotions of the characters. (26)you read, I believe you will learn, mind and soul.Reading can bring people together. I cannot count the number of new friends and people that have entered my life because of books. My stepmother, grandmother, and I all rad the same books. (27) is better than being able to share the tense moments, near misses, and happy endings while (28) (drink) a steaming cup of coffee together with someone. Reading allows you to lower your walls and let people in to form genuine chains. Plus people (29)read impressive books are usually pretty cool themselves!Over the years reading has been my companion. Always with a book in my purse, I have never faced the world without a best friend by my side. Books (30) (help) me through difficult periods and applauded me in times of celebration. Books always make me smile. That ' sthe biggest reason I believe in reading, because it will make you happy.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.A. extentB. substanceC. normalD. potentialE. refreshingF. instructionsG. function H.caused I.physical J.restore K. mentallyThe discovery builds on earlier findings showed that a class of genes called splicing ( 胶接) factors is progressively switched off as we age. The research team found that splicing factors can be switched back on with chemicals, making aging cells not only look 31 younger, but start to divide like young cells.The researchers applied compounds chemicals based on a 32 naturally found in red wine, dark chocolate, red grapes and blueberries, to cells in culture. The chemicals 33 splicing factors, which are progressively switched off as we age to be switched back on. Within hours, the cells looked younger and started to rejuvenate,behaving like young cells.The discovery has the 34 to lead to therapies that could help people age better, without experiencing some of the degenerative effects of getting old. Most people by the age of 85 have experienced some kind of chronic illness, and as people get older they are more prone to stroke, heart disease and cancer.Professor Harries as saying, ―This is a first step in trying to make people live35 lifetime, but with health for their entire life. Our data suggests that using chemicals to switch back on the major class of genes that are switched off as we age might provide a means to 36 to old cells. ‖Dr Eva Latorre, Research Associate at the Universityof Exeter, who carried out the experiments, was surprised by the 37 and rapidity of the changes in the cells.―When I saw some of the cells in the culture dish 38 I couldn 't believe it. Theseold cells were looking like young cells. It was like magic, ‖ she said. ―I repeated the experimseveral times and in each case the cells rej uvenated. I am very excited by the implications and potential for this research. ‖As we age, our tissues accumulate senescent cells which are alive but do not grow or39 as they should. These old cells lose the ability to correctly regulate the output of their genes. This is one reason why tissues and organs become susceptible to disease as we age. When activated, genes make a message that gives the 40for the cell to behave in a certain way. Most genes can make more than one message, which determines how the cell acts.Splicing factors are crucial in ensuring that genes can perform their full range of functions. III.Reading ComprehensionSection A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Cameron Buckner, assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Houston, argues in an article published in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research that a wide range of animal species exhibit so-called ― executive control w‖h en it comes to making decisions, 41 considering their goals and ways tosatisfy those goals before acting.He acknowledges that language is 42 for some experienced forms of higher-order thinking, or thinking about thinking. But supported by a review of previously published research, Buckner 43 that a wide variety of animals -- -elephants, chimpanzees（黑猩猩）, ravens（大乌鸦） and lions, among others --44 reasonable decision-making.― These data suggest that not only do some animals have a subjective take on the suitability of the 45 they are evaluating for their goal, they possess a subjective, internal signal regarding their confidence in this take can be used to select among different options, wrote. ‖ hThe question has been 46 since the days of the ancient philosophers, as people considered what means to be human is. One way to address that, Buckner said, is to47 exactly what sets humans apart from other animals.Language remains a key difference between animals and humans, and Buckner notes that serious 48 in the 1970s and 80s to teach animal 'sh uman language —teaching chimpanzees to use sign language, 49found that although they were able to expresssimple ideas, they did not engage in 50thought and language structures.Ancient philosophers relied upon unreliable 51 to study the issue, but today 's researcher conductcomplicated controlled experiments. Buckner, working with Thomas Bugnyar and Stephan A. Reber, mentalbiologist at the University of Vienna, last year 52 the results of a result that determined ravens share at least some of the human ability to think abstractly about other minds, 53 their behavior by attaching their own observations to others.In his latest paper, Buckner offers several examples to support his 54 . His goal,Buckner said, was to organize experimental research, ―to see that we 're gathered enough evide nce to say that animals really are 55 in a unique way. ‖Section A(A)We see them everywhere. ― There are some things that money can 'bt uy ⋯ for everything else, there 'Msa sterCard. W ‖e hear them everywhere. ―Make life rewarding ⋯A merican Express. W ‖h ether watching television,driving down the highw ay, or even appearing on our Facebook page, the appeal of money is inescapable. Growing up, my parents always emphasized the importance of family and faith over material possessions. Yet, money and all the new, interesting things it could buy did not escape me. As I entered my freshman year, my debit card and I engaged in quite the dates. Between game-day dresses, steak dinners and wonderful downtown Athens, I quickly drained 17 years worth of savings.By the time summer rolled around, I didn 'cto nsider how much cash I had spent, or how much stuff I had41. A. secretly 42. A. required 43. A. concerns 44. A. turn down 45. A. option 46. A. dismissed 47. A. evaluate B. unintentionally B. qualified B. complains B. engage in B. scheme B. ignored B. determine C. scarcely C. acquired C. conclude C. refer to C. regulationC. debatedC. overlookD. consciouslyD. preparedD. convincesD. argue aboutD. random D. answered D. initiate 48. A. results 49. A. for example 50. A. obvious 51. A. mystery 52. A. substituted 53. A. adapting 54. A. agreement 55. A. passionate B. successesB. this is to sayB. feasibleB. traditionB. publishedB. symbolizingB. implementB. reasonableC. achievements C. on the contrary C. private C. evidence C. reflected C. investigating C. requirement C. confusedD. attempts D. as a result D. complex D. fiction D. maintained D. revenging D. argument D. ridiculousacquired ⋯I was focused on how much more money I would need for next fall. When I wasn ' t working, I was checking my bank account, try to figure out if m y next paycheck would cover those pillows that would look so cute in my new apartment. My bank account balance was becoming a major source of stress in my life, creating tension with my financially smart parents and causing me constant concern. Finally, after a very heated argument with my Dad, I accepted the truth: I simply could not afford money anymore.I realized that I was much happier (and I sensed my blood pressure was much lower) when money was just something in the bank. While the clothes are pretty and those pillows are comfy, they lost their appealright around the second a new item caught my eye. Towards the end of the summer, I let go of my financial issues –a fter all, I can 'btu y more time with my friends and family before going back to Athens.I still check my bank account. I still go shopping occasionally. But now, those aren My money sufferings taught me that I shouldn ' t seek out wealth as a m eans of satisfaction and happiness. Instead, my happiness should come from the moments and people that cannot be bought, exchanged,or returned. I now re-word those credit card slogans to reflect the value I place on finding wealth in the love shared betwe en my family and friends: ― There are some things that money can ' t buy ⋯Seek th eUmnl.ike ‖cash, this form of wealth grows the more I give.56. A ccording to the passage, the author feels happy now mainly because .A. the appeal of money is inescapableB. he values the love between his family and friendsC. his wealth grows by working hard every dayD. he has paid off his debt in cash57. The author mentions the heated argument with Dad in paragraph 3 in order to .A. show how to settle problems with othersB. prove how selfish his Dad isC. explain material possessions get him into troubleD. display generation gap between Dad and Son58. The word ― comfy ‖ (paragrap hp r4o)bably means.A. realisticB. individualC. graciousD. comfortable59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Seeking a different kind of wealthB. Letting go of different sufferingsC. Wealth as a means of satisfactionD. Happiness grows out of hardships(B)Americans are more stressed than ever, according to an American Psychological Association survey, and nearly one-third say stress impacts their physical or mental health. If you have any of these symptoms, your stress might be making you sick. Here o battle ag'aisn shto twhe tm.If you ' ve never suffered from headaches bu t suddenly your head is constantly striking, you might be too stressed. Stress releases chemicals that can cause changes to nerves and blood vessels（血管） in the brain, which brings on a headache. Stress can cause them or make them worse. It 'asls o common fo r your muscles to tense up when you ' rset ressed, which can also cause a headache.WHAT TO DO:If you don ' t want to take medicine, try spreading lavend薰er衣（草）oil on your temples（太阳穴）when a headache starts. Or try one of thesehome remedies for headaches.Stress can make you mentally sick, too. Too much of the stress hormone cortisol （皮质醇）can make it harder to concentrate, causing memory problems as well as anxiety or depression, says Dr. Levine.WHAT TO DO:Relax until you regain your concentration. Practice closing your eyes and breathing in and out slowly, concentrating only on your breath.Losing a few strands of hair is normal （old hair follicles （囊）arereplaced by new ones over time）, but stress can disturb that cycle.Significant stress p ushes a large number of hair follicles into what ' scalled a resting stage and then a few months later those hairs fall out, according to .Stress can als o cause the body ' s resistant system to attack your hair follicles, resulting in hair loss.WHAT TO DO:Be patient. Once your stress level returns to normal, your hair should start growing back.60. If you ' re stressed, you might have one of the following sympmtos EXCEPT that .A. you keep getting headachesB. you always have a coldC. your hair is falling outD. your brain feels confused61. Which of the following is suggested if your brain goes out of focus?A.Breathing slowly with your eyes closed.B.Waiting until your brain returns to normal.C. Spreading lavender oil on your temples.D. Relaxing and attacking your brain softly.62. What will happen once we get over our stress according to the passage?A.Our hair starts falling out and then grows back.B.Our body 's resistant system attacks your hair folliclesC. Our hair starts growing again.D. A serious headache starts.（C）For many in the general public and the engineering community alike, the potential implications of additive manufacturing （AM） have excited the imagination. Popularly known as 3D printing, the emerging class of technologies has been regarded as both a revolution in production and an opportunity for dramatic environmental advance.Yet while the technological capabilities of additive manufacturing processes are studied extensively, a deep understanding of their environmental implications is still lacking.A new special issue of Yale 's Journal of Industrial Ecology presents th-ee cdugteti nregsearchon this emerging field, providing important insights into its environmental, energy, and health impacts.Though sometimes described in the public field as similar to an inkjet printer for making objects, additive manufacturing is primarily used as a production process in industry and contains a diverse set of technologies. What they share is the ability to produce products and parts based on digital information by adding layers of materials one after the other rather than, as in traditional manufacturing, removing materials –thus the label ― additive. ‖― The research in this issue showsthat it is too early to label 3- D printing as the path to sustainable manufacturing, ‖ said Reid Lifset,editor-in-chief of the Journal of Industrial Ecology and co- author of the lead editorial. ―We needto know much more about the material footprints, energy consumption in production, process emissions, a nd especially the linking devices and adjustments between the various stages in the production process. ‖ Additivmea nufacturing is sometimes seen as inherently environmentally preferable to traditional manufacturing because of its potential for local production –by consumers, merchants and hobbyists –and because it is thought to allow zero-waste manufacturing. Research in this issue, however, indicates that the environmental performance is very sensitive to the pattern of usage and composition of the machinery and the materials used.―This special issue demonstrates the capability of industrial ecology to reveal important and often overlooked aspects of new technologies, sai‖d Indy Burke, Dean of the Yale School of Forestry & Enviro nmental Studies. ―If we are to realize the environmental potential of 3-D printing, we need to know where the challenges and the advantages lie. ‖The special issue contains:life cycle assessments (LCA) of AM processes and products investigations of the process energy consumption of AM technologies studies of operator exposure to printer emissions and dangerous materials examination of the sustainability benefits derived from the complex figure of parts enabled by the technologyanalysis of supply-chain issues arising from the use of the technology63. The word ― additive ‖ in the p raesfsearsg eto .A. the substance added in small amounts for a special purposeB. the additional technological capabilities of manufacturing processesC. the digital way to produce products by adding serial layers of materialsD. the traditional way to produce products by removing materials64. The contents listed in the special issue mentioned at the end of this passage focus onA.the studies of additive manufacturing and sustainabilityB.a diverse set of technologies of additive manufacturingC. the comparison between additive and traditional manufacturingD. the experiments conducted by Journal of Industrial Ecology65. Which of the follo wing can be inferred about the researchers ' viewpoint from the p assage? A.3-Dprinting is viewed as a revolution in production.B.3-D printing is regarded as a kind of sustainable manufacturing.C. AM makes a harmful impact on environment, energy, and health.D. The challenges and advantages of AM need further studies.66. The passage mainly discusses .A.investigations of the 3-D printing processB.the environmental implications of 3-D printingC. studies of 3-D printing emissions and materialsD. assessments of additive manufacturing processesSection CA. The findings show that they also apply criticism to nontraditional women husbands. 'sB.He is also regarded as having less power in the relationship.C. These include having a higher status, yielding more power, being more self-focused, ambitious and selfconfident.D. The married surname tradition is more than just a tradition.E. Up to now, researchers have not yet examined how a woman 's marr i eced surname choinfluences howothers look at her husband.F. W omen' s rightist scholars understand why the surname tradition remains widely supported.What does it mean for the husband when his wife keeps her own surname?The tradition of women adopting their husbands urname af'ter smarriage is arguably one ofthe most widespread gender-role standards in Western cultures despite marked changes in the role that women play in society and in the labor force.According to previous studies, women who violate the married surname tradition are viewed differently from others. They are described in terms of instrumental characteristics that in a gendered society are typically assigned to men. 67 These characteristics contrast with the expressive characteristics that are typically assigned to women, such as being more caring, kind and having less influence and power.68 For this purpose, Robnett and her colleagues carried out three studies in the US and UK. The first two studies showed that husbands whose wives keep their own surnames are often described through terms thatare opposed to the gender-typical personality characteristics and power framework used for men. They are described in more expressive than instrumental terms, and are seen to hold less power in a marriage. Their findings indicate that people conclude from married surname choices to make more general inferences about a couple 'gs ender-typed personality characteristics.Results from the third study conducted by Robnett 's team suggest that people hold different opinions in how they think about such cases. People who firmly hold on to traditional gender roles react particularly strongly to a man whose wife keeps her surname because they see him as an incapableperson. ―We know from previous research that people high in unfriendly sexism蔑（视女性）respond negatively to women who violate traditional gender roles, ‖s ays Robnett. ― 69 ‖― This study joins several others in implying a link between traditions in men and women 's romantic relationships and power structures favoring men, 70‖ says Robnett.It reflects slight gender-role standards and ideas that often remain unquestioned despit e privileging men. ‖IV. Summary WritingSecure payment without leaving a traceComputer scientist Andy Rupp, member of the ― Signaling Code and Security w‖o rking group, is always surprised about lacking problem awareness: only few users are aware of the fact that by using payment systems they disclose in detail how and what they consume or which routes they have taken. To preventcontrol of the accounts by dishonest users, customer data and account balances of payment are usually carried out with the help of a central database. In every payment deal, the customer is identified and the details of her/his deal are transmitted to the central database. This repeated identification process produces a data trace that might be misused by the provider or third parties.The expert has now presented the basics of an ― electronic purse ‖th at works by unknown names, but prevents misuse at the same time. The -box add―itibolna cpklus ‖ (BBA+) code system developed by them transfers all necessary account data to the card used or the smartphone and guarantees their secrets with the help of signaling code methods. At the same time, BBA+ offers security guarantees for the operator of the payment system: The code system guarantees a correct account balance and is mathematically constructed such that the identity of the user is disclosed as soon as the attempt is made to pay with a controlled account.―Our new code system guarantees privacy and security for customers during offline operation aswell, ‖An dy Rupp says. ―This is needed for ensuring the payment system 's suitability for daily use. Think of a subway doorway or a payment bridge. There you may have no internet connection at all or it is very slow. effic‖ien Acyls om iatsk ehsig t h e code system suited for everyday use: During first test runs, researchers completed payments within about one second.V. Translation72. 他仍难以用英语表达自己的想法。

2018届上海市上海中学高三英语模拟练习(一)(解析版)

上海市崇明区2018届高三英语第一次模拟考试试题

上海市崇明区2018届高三英语第一次模拟考试试题（考试时间120分钟，满分140分。

请将答案填写在答题纸上）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In the street. B. At home. C. On the phone. D. At an office.2. A. A journalist. B. An electrician. C. A salesman. D. An operator.3. A. The flying time. B. The strange weather. C. The man’s jacket. D. The changeable fashion.4. A. She had a holiday. B. She travelled with her cousin.C. Her cousin visited her.D. Her cousin was away from Belgium.5. A. The stage is not big enough. B. They’re lucky to get twotickets.C. It’s not easy at all to get tickets.D. The woman doesn’t want tosit near the stage.6. A. Help the man to copy the novel. B. Return the novel to Aliceimmediately.C. Find a copy of the novel for the man.D. Ask Alice if the man can borrow the novel.7. A. She’s glad the man waited for her. B. She’d like to reschedule the meeting.C. She wasn’t very late for the meeting.D. She’s sorry that she missed the meeting.8. A. He has got more pages to write. B. The woman’s report is already long enough.C. He has already finished his report.D. The woman will have time to finish the report.9. A. She needs a different kind of job. B. She often goes back with her supervisor.C. She used to work for a newspaper.D. She’d like her supervisor’s opinion of her work.10. A. The man should have had his car inspected sooner.B. The man doesn’t need to have his car inspected until next month.C. The auto inspection center will be closed at the end of the month.D. She has to wait even longer than the man did to have her car inspected. Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Alphabet’s plan on self-driving cars. B. A successful test of self-driving cars.C. People’s responses to self-driving cars.D. The 3D map used inself-driving cars.12. A. The camera. B. The laser device. C. The built-in GPS. D. The sensors and radar.13. A. Self-driving cars are already common. B. It was the first test of self-driving cars.C. There exists distrust in self-driving cars.D. Drivers are still needed in self-driving cars.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Tourism can bring a lot of disadvantages. B. Tourism is increasingly popular these years.C. Tourism should benefit local communities.D. Tourism has become a problem in some places.15. A. The cost of fuel is low. B. More people are visiting China.C. Plane tickets are cheap.D. People need tourism for jobs and wealth.16. A. 1.8 million more people will travel in 2030 according to the UNWTO.B. Measures have been taken to address overtourism in some places.C. Taleb Rifai doesn’t regard overtourism as a problem.D. Some cities have forbidden tourists to visit them.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Because the joke was about dinner. B. To get all the boys involved inthe joke.C. Because they had no idea about the joke.D. To leave the boys no time to takerevenge.18. A. It was carefully prepared. B. The boys were each asked to takea bowl.C. The food there was delicious.D. Supper should be skipped before theparty.19. A. Stupid. B. Challenged. C. Confused. D.Disappointed.20. A. The girls’ joke turned out to be a success.B. The class teacher was not generous enough.C. The boys managed to take revenge on the girls.D. The food was delicious so the bowls were emptied.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Star Giraffe Finally Gives BirthApril, a giraffe who became an Internet star after her pregnancy was broadcast online, has finally given birth, ending months of excitement for her audience.The live broadcast from Animal Adventure Park in Harpursville, the State of New York, began during the winter. (21) drew nearly five million viewers a day at its peak. Some viewers kept checking back, even after the period (22) _____ _____ April was expected to give birth had gone. Others became frustrated, questioning (23)_____ she was really pregnant.Finally, (24)_____ April was pacing in her pen (畜栏) on April 15, two hoove s (蹄) began to appear. After a few hours, a newly-born giraffe was lying on the floor,(25)_____ (look) around confusedly. The calf (幼崽) tried to stand a few times but(26)_____ not. An hour later, it was (27)_____ its feet, walking around carefully.A spokesman for the animal park said the calf was a boy. “After months of pregnancy, both mom and calf are doing fine,” said Jordan, the owner of Animal Adventure Park.People in Harpursville now hope the attention that April (28)_____ (draw) will translate into an economic development for the area. Harpursville was once a manufacturing base, but it has struggled financially in recent years.Fortunately, there are already signs (29)_____ April’s fame is breathing new life into the area. Dozens of families recently arrived at the animal park after hours of driving, only (30)_____ (find) it closed for the winter. A nearby hotel has booked more than 100 reservations for a package that includes admission to the park when it reopens in May.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. modelB.competitive C. inserting D. pickup E. original F.missionG. price H. mirroring I. branching J. virtual K. buyingCompany Builds W orld’s First Automobile Vending Machine (自动贩卖机)Thanks to used-car website Carvana, it is now possible to buy your own set of wheels at the touch of a button, from the world’s first and only coin-operated car vending machine in Nashville, Tennessee. It’s quick,easy, and not cheap, but cheaper than buying a car the old way.The company has been working on the concept for the past two years. Their 31 car vending machi ne was installed in Atlanta in 2013. But they’ve spent time improving the design, in order to take user experience to the next level. “Our new Vending Machine is a state-of-the-art, multi-story structure that delivers our customers’ cars by merely 32 a special coin,” said Carvana CEO Ernie Garcia.The machine consists of a five-story glass tower that can hold up to 20 cars at a time. The tower basically serves as a(n) 33 point for used cars that customers purchase through the website, enabling 34 pricing and eliminating delivery costs.Customers can access a long list of specifications, ratings, reviews, and lots of other details about the cars they’re interested in on the Carvana website. They even get 35 tours that point out every scratch on the body of the car. Once thecar is chosen and paid for, the company usually delivers the car to the customer fora seven-day trial period. This usually means the delivery costs are worked into the36 of the vehicle.But with the Vending Machine, customers are able to go to pick up their cars straight away. It’s a win-win 37 that allows Carvana to cut down on staff and overhead (间接费用), and save customers about $2,000 as well. According to the company, it also makes for a great 38experience – placing an oversized coin in a slot (硬币投币口) and watching their car roll down automatically.“Carvana’s 39 is to create a better way to buy a car, and this new Vending Machine will be a one-of-a-kind experience, 40 just how simple and easy we’ve made it to buy a car online,” Garcia said. He added the company plans to build more car vending machines in the future.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Stay out of the Sun to Look YoungForget drinking countless glasses of water or getting your beauty sleep. The secret of looking young is simply to stay out of the sun. A study of hundreds of women has revealed that those who avoided the sun’s rays looked up to 20 years younger than they actually are.However, other supposed rules for a youthful complexion (肤色), from drinking lots of water to sleeping well and exercising regularly, failed to 41 the hands of time. Only keeping out of the sun, and wearing sunscreen when this wasn’t possible, made a 42 , the American Academy of Dermatology’s annual conference will hear today. The interesting 43 comes from a study of 231 women of all ages who were quizzed about their lives, including whether they were sun-lovers. When researchersfrom Massachusetts General Hospital in the US – commissioned by skincare firm Olay – guessed how old the women were, they found those who 44 in the sun tended to have aged more slowly. A lucky four had so few wrinkles and 45 spots, and sucha fresh complexion, that they appeared to be a full two decades younger than they really were.Researcher Dr Alexa Kimball, a professor of dermatology(皮肤医学), said the 46 advice that we drink lots of water to stay healthy is actually a myth (谬见), and the body is ‘pretty good’ at judging how much we need.Previous research by the British Nutrition Foundation reached a 47 conclusion. Experts there said: ‘Just drinking water for the sake of drinking water really has no effect on improving the appearance of skin.’It isn’t clear why the women who 48 well didn’t have younger-looking skin. But it may be that the question they were asked was too 49 and didn’t take into account their long-term sleep patterns.A second study, also by Olay, suggested that low-level day to day exposure to the sun is more ageing than 50 , intense exposure. Finally, DNA examination of tiny samples of the women’s skin helped understand the 51 done by the sun. A gene called CDKN2A was more active in facial skin that is exposed to the elements than in samples taken from the bottoms. This gene was also more active in women who said they loved the 52 – and in those who looked older. Dr Kimball said CDKN2A activity is a 53 that a cell is ‘tired out’ and urged women should protect their skin year round and not just when on a beach holiday.Dr Frauke Neuser, principal scientist at Olay, which has used the 54 to develop its latest face creams, said: ‘This research gives us a detailed picture of the effect of sun exposure on skin ageing and illustrate the importance of protection on a 55 basis.’41. A. add to B. benefit from C. depend on D. hold back42. A. mistake B. proposal C. difference D. comment43. A. finding B. suggestion C. prospect D.possibility44. A. cheered up B. were exposed C. made trouble D. took care45. A. age B. trouble C. scenic D. weak46. A. faulty B. popular C. helpful D.conflicting47. A. better B. similar C. false D. satisfactory48. A. ate B. exercised C. acted D. slept49. A. hard B. apparent C. narrow D. serious50. A. occasional B. limited C. potential D. initial51. A. good B. damage C. treatment D. miracle52. A. beauty B. water C. skin D. sun53. A. trend B. possibility C. sign D. chance54. A. product B. research C. approach D. sample55. A. temporary B. personal C. daily D. strict Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Mickey Mouse and Shrek are just a couple of the American animated (动画的) characters loved the world over. And they are examples of the evolution of animation, which has brought unique new life to the film industry.Among the first American animated films was Light of the Moon, a silent movie produced in 1911 using silhouette(剪影) animation, where the characters are represented only as black silhouettes.The real breakthrough for American animation came with Steamboat Willie, created by Walt Disney and released in 1928. It was the first animated film to be accompaniedby sound, and its main star, Mickey Mouse, became one of the most loveable and enduring animated characters ever created. Disney also created the first American full-length animated film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Released in 1937, it enjoyed worldwide box-office success.Disney’s extremely careful attention to high-quality detail in the thousands of hand-painted drawings required at that time to make an animated film elevated this film technique to the level of a serious art form.Clay animation is a type of stop-motion animation using forms made of clay. Clay animation films have been produced in the United States since 1908. But this form of animation only won wide popular appeal in 1955 with a short film called Gumbasia, created by Art Clokey.Computer-generated imagery, or CGI, brought animation to a new level of artistry and realism. Used in film since the 1960s, CGI animation began to develop rapidly in the mid-1990s. Toy Story, released in 1995 and created by Pixar and Disney Studios, was the first completely computer-generated animated feature film.In 2001, DreamWorks and Pacific Data Images released Shrek, the first computer-animated feature film to win an Oscar. Shrek returned in 2004 with his talking donkey, his princess bride Fiona and an army of fairy-tale characters in Shrek 2. Hugely popular, that film became the highest-grossing (票房最高的) animated film of all time.In addition to strictly animated movies, animation has been mixed into films showing live actors as well. Who can forget the terrifyingly real dinosaurs thundering through Steven Spielberg’s Jurassic Park movies and the actors they chased? Thanks to the powerful capabilities of today’s computers and the unlimited imagination of American filmmakers, animation will be entertaining audiences worldwide for a long time to come.56. The passage is mainly about the _____ of animation.A. influenceB. popularityC. charactersD. development57. Which film marked the beginning of the complete digital age of American animation?A. Light of the Moon.B. Steamboat Willie.C. Toy Story.D. Shrek.58. It can be learned from the passage that _____.A. Disney played a very important role in promoting animationB. computers make animated characters more lovelyC. Jurassic Park movies involve only live actorsD. clay animation enjoys long-lasting popularity59. What can be inferred about the future of animation from the passage?A. Animation will forever remain an essential form of entertainment.B. Animation will be replaced by new forms of films in the near future.C. Animation will continuously gain new life due to computers and imagination.D. Animation will get more popular in the future for the developing film technology.（B）The Puffing Billy Railway, located about 40km east of Melbourne, was constructed in the early 1900s to open up remote areas. The present line between Belgrave and Gembrook travels through the forests and farmlands of the magnificent Dandenong Ranges. Today, this non-profit Railway operates almost daily thanks to the tireless efforts of morethan 900 dedicated volunteers.General Information:▪People with disabilities –can be accommodated on most excursion trains, includinga limited number of wheelchairs. Please phone to check availability.Easy access toilets are at Belgrave, Lakeside and Gembrook.▪Refreshments and souvenirs – are available at most stations.▪Railway Tracks – standing and walking on the tracks is not permitted.▪Prams(婴儿车) –only folding or narrow type prams can be accommodated through the narrow carriage doors.▪Smoking – is not permitted on the train or under any roofed areas.▪Assistance Dogs certified by a registered authority – are the only dogs allowed on the train and must be kept on lead at all times.▪Alcohol – is not permitted on trains (except as provided in dining cars).▪Toilets – are located at each station. Parenting rooms are located at Belgrave, Lakeside & Gembrook.▪Photographs and videos – for personal use are permitted. Wedding photography and any use, re-use or reproduction for commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission.Conditions:▪Concession fares (优惠票价) are available to Australian bearers of Health Care, Student, Seniors, Companion or Pensioner cards. (Exclude evening dining and events).Your signature may be required on day of travel for verification purposes.▪Children under 4 years, not occupying a seat, are carried FREE on excursion trains only, excluding special events and dining trains.▪Discounts are available for pre-booked group travel (20 or more) on a return journey, except on Sundays, public holidays and school holidays.▪All trains are steam-driven unless a diesel locomotive (柴油机车) is required in exceptional circumstances.▪First Class Travel return journeys are on appointed trains only.60. The above information is mainly intended for _____.A. international tourists in AustraliaB. potential travellers of the steam trainsC. local residents in Dandenong RangesD. volunteers on the Puffing Billy Railway61. People are not permitted to bring _____ onto the excursion trains.A. pramsB. guide dogsC. wheelchairsD. alcohol62. What can be learned from the above information?A. Taking photos is forbidden on most excursion trains.B. Toilets for the disabled are not available at all stations.C. Foreign visitors to Australia can also get concession fares.D. One can get tickets at a lower price as long as he books in advance.（C）Academic learning is usually in the spotlight at school, but teaching elementary-age students “soft” skills like self-control and how to get along with others might help to keep at-risk kids out of criminal trouble in the future, a study finds.Duke University researchers looked at a program called Fast Track, which was started in the 1990s for children who were identified by their teachers and parents to be at high risk for developing aggressive behavioral problems.The students were randomized into two groups; half took part in the intervention (干预), which included a teacher-led curriculum, parent training groups, academic tutoring and lessons in self-control and social skills. The program, which lasted from first grade through tenth grade, reduced arrests and use of health and mental health services as the students aged through adolescence and young adulthood, as researchers explained in a separate study.In the latest study, re searchers looked at the “why” behind those previous findings. In looking at the data from nearly 900 students, the researchers found thatabout a third of the impact on future crime outcomes was due to the social and self-regulation skills the students learned from ages 6 to 11.The academic skills that were taught as part of Fast Track turned out to have less of an impact on crime than did the soft skills, which are associated with emotional intelligence.“The conclusion that we would make is that these so ft skills should be emphasized even more in our education system and in our system of socializing children,” says Kenneth Dodge, a professor at Duke who was a principal investigator in this study as well as in the original Fast Track project. Parents should do all they can to promote these skills with their children, Dodge says, as should education policymakers.To Neil Bernstein, a psychologist in Washington, D.C., who specializes in child and adolescent behavior disorders, the researchers’ findings seem to match what he’s seen among the general public in working with children for more than 30 years. And while he says he agrees with the importance of teaching self-control and social skills, he would add empathy to the list, too.“Empathy is what makes us aware of the feelings of others, and when you’re empathic, you’re much less likely to hurt someone else’s feelings,” says Bernstein, who serves on the advisory board for the Partnership for Drug-Free Kids. “Being in tune with how someone else feels might also make adolescents avoid bullying and other behaviors of concern,” Bernstein says.While Bernstein thinks the study’s findings are meaningful and could potentially serve as a model for schools, he says that collectively getting a school system, teachers, parents and students all motivated enough to take part in an intervention like Fast Track is challenging.63. Fast Track is aimed to _____.A. improve children’s academic skillsB. help the children with behavior disordersC. identify the problematic childrenD. classify children into different groups64. Neil Bernstein thinks that _____.A. empathic children are more likely to have higher emotional intelligenceB. the findings of the studies disagree with what he has found in his workC. empathy is equally essential in educating and socializing childrenD. self-control and social skills are not as important as empathy65. What can be learned from the passage?A. It’s hard to involve everyone concerned in applying the findings.B. Soft skills were not part of the education system in the past.C. The findings are meaningless unless guided by Fast Track.D. Adolescence is the most critical stage in a person’s life.66. What does the passage mainly tell us?A. Academic skills are paid too much attention at schools.B. Academic skills have no influence on children’s behaviors.C. Soft skills are much harder to develop than academic skills.D. Soft skills play a significant role in preventing future crimes.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.So it’s not easy for English speakers to label place values clearly.B.The additional mental steps needed to solve problems cause more errors.C.Differences between Chinese and English, in particular, have been studied fordecades.D.This method is a powerful tool for solving more advanced multi-digit additionand subtraction problems.E.Different languages indicate different ways of thinking, causing people to solvemath problems differently.F.That makes it easier for children to understand the place value as well as makingit clear that the number system is based on units of 10.The Best Language for MathWhat’s the best language for learning math? Hint: You’re not reading it.Chinese, Japanese and Korean use simpler number words and express math concepts more clearly than English. The language gap is drawing growing attention as confusing English number words have been linked in several studies to weaker counting and arithmetic skill in children in English-speaking countries.67 Among the researchers are Karen Fuson, a professor in the School of Education at Northwestern University, and Li Yeping, an expert on Chinese math education at Texas A&M University.Chinese has just nine number words, while English has more than two dozen. The trouble starts at “11”. English has a unique word for the number, while Chinese (as well as Japanese and Korean, among other languages) have words that can be t r a n s l a t e d a s“t e n-o n e”–s p o k e n w i t h t h e“t e n”f i r s t.68English number words over 10 don’t as clearly label place values. Number words for the teens reverse the order of the ones and “teens”, making it easy for children to confuse, say, 17 with 71. As a result, children working with English number words have a harder time doing multi-digit addition and subtraction (减法). 69 It also feels more natural for Chinese speakers than for English speakers to use the “make-a-ten”addition and subtraction strategy. When adding two numbers, students break down the numbers into parts and regroup them into tens and ones. For instance, 9 plus 5 becomes 9 plus 1 plus 4. 70Many teachers in America have increased instruction in the make-a-ten method and called for first-graders to use it to add and subtract.Now, you should feel lucky that you are learning math in China. Thanks to your mother tongue, all math problems just come less confusing and difficult to you!IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.From Burn Survivor to Global InspirationLast October, the Kona Ironman World Championship witnessed an unbelievable finish. Turia Pitt, an Australian woman who suffered severe burns when caught in a bush fire during a marathon six years ago, successfully challenged herself.Pitt spent 864 days in a hospital and went through more than 200 operations. Doctors said she would never run again, but she proved them wrong.Crossing the line in the Hawaiian darkness, Pitt showed incredible emotion as the race commentator (现场解说员) announced: “Turia Pitt, you are an ironman!” On social media, people around the world applauded her determination.Apart from continuing to be a star athlete, Pitt is also a motivational speaker now. She is sharing her journey of recovery with others to help raise awareness about the importance of organ donation, which she believes saved her life.Pitt was 24 years old when she and five others encountered the fire. Doctors had to remove the burnt skin and replace it with donated skin that could fight infection. None could be found in Australia and doctors were forced to search abroad. They finally found skin that could be used in the United States.“I’m not being dramatic, but it was the skin that saved my life,” said Pitt. “I decided to live my life to the best of my abilities because I never wanted those donors, wherever they are, to think I was ungrateful for their gift.”So Pitt set herself a big goal: the Kona Ironman World Championship. In order to compete, she had to first learn how to stand, walk and even talk all over again. And because of her burns, she also has trouble sweating and regulating her body temperature.Despite these disadvantages, Pitt completed the race in just 14 hours. She said this achievement would not be possible without the donated skin, highlighting the importance of organ donation.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 你能感受到大数据给现代生活带来的冲击吗？(impact)73. 我们在向西方学习的时候不能丢弃自己独特的文化特征。

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