Apeuxu【英语四级】征服阅读理解【高分必看】
征服英语四级阅读
征服英语四级阅读（1）阅读(一)存在问题第一，读不懂所谓读不懂，就是考生拿过文章，满头雾水，即使硬着头皮读文章，也是一知半解。
然后匆忙做体，仅凭感觉去蒙，因此做体准确率必然不高。
第二，读不快读不快表现为，文章读完了，题也做完了，但往往是比考试要求多用15乃至20多分钟的时间。
于是影响了其他问题的有效解答。
匆忙起笔，必然影响整个四级的考试成绩。
第三，做不对就是虽然文章也读懂了，但是一做题就错。
(二)解决办法第一、掌握正确的阅读方法考生平时阅读一般会采取两种阅读方法。
一种是先看文章后看问题;另一种是先看问题，带着问题读文章。
那么究竟哪一种方法比较好呢?笔者认为还是先看问题后读文章比较好。
原因在于，先看问题，你可以熟悉出题人的出题角度。
并且有题干，你可以划出题干的关键词，特别是四级考试中有一类题目属于“指代题或词汇题”，如下所示：(一)词汇题显著问法：the word “XXXX”(line X, part X) most probably means? (二)指代题显著问法：1.代词指代：the pronoun“it/those/that/them”(line X, part X) refers to ?2.名词指代：the word “XXXX”(line X, part X) refers to ?先看问题后刊文章的好处就在于，可以通过问题先把上述“核心词”在原文中划出，然后再读文章的过程中，一旦独到，注意历史高度集中的，这样有助于提高做题的准确性。
由此得出正确的阅读方法就是“五步阅读法”：第一步，扫描题干抓关键。
即首先看选项，划出题干中的的关键词。
题干关键词包括：数字、人名地名、专有名词、引号里的词语等等。
第二步，快速浏览全文，把握文章主旨大意标重点。
即快速浏览文章。
在快速浏览文章的时候，不需要每一个单词和句子都读得懂，没有时间也没有这个必要。
在第二步的过程中，考生们所要做的就是首先弄清楚这篇文章的中心思想是什么;其次，用笔在试卷上面标记出考试要考的重点。
英语四级阅读理解考前必练及答案
英语四级阅读理解考前必练及答案Method of Scientific InquiryWhy the inductive and mathematical sciences, after their first rapid development at theculmination of Greek civilization, advanced so slowly for two thousand years—and why in thefollowing two hundred years a knowledge of natural and mathematical science has accumulated,which so vastly exceeds all that was previously known that these sciences may be justlyregarded as the products of our own times—are questions which have interested the modernphilosopher not less than the objects with which these sciences are more immediatelyconversant. Was it the employment of a new method of research, or in the exercise of greatervirtue in the use of the old methods, that this singular modern phenomenon had its origin?Was the long period one of arrested development, and is the modern era one of normal growth?Or should we ascribe the characteristics of both periods to so-called historical accidents—tothe influence of conjunctions in circumstances of which no explanation is possible, save in theomnipotence and wisdom of a guiding Providence?The explanation which has become commonplace, that the ancients employed deductionchiefly in their scientific inquiries, while the moderns employ induction, proves to be toonarrow, and fails upon close examination to point with sufficient distinctness the contrastthat is evident between ancient and modern scientific doctrines and inquiries. For all knowledgeis founded on observation, and proceeds from this by analysis, by synthesis and analysis,by induction anddeduction, and if possible by verification, or by new appeals toobservation under the guidance of deduction—by steps which are indeed correlative parts ofone method; and the ancient sciences afford examples of every one of these methods, or partsof one method, which have been generalized from the examples of science.A failure to employ or to employ adequately any one of these partial methods, animperfection in the arts and resources of observation and experiment, carelessness inobservation, neglect of relevant facts, by appeal to experiment and observation—these arethe faults which cause all failures to ascertain truth, whether among the ancients or themoderns; but this statement does not explain why the modern is possessed of a greatervirtue, and by what means he attained his superiority. Much less does it explain the suddengrowth of science in recent times.The attempt to discover the explanation of this phenomenon in the antithesis of “facts” and“theories” or “facts” and “ideas”—in the neglect among the ancients of the former, and their tooexclusive attention to the latter—proves also to be too narrow, as well as open to the charge ofvagueness. For in the first place, the antithesis is not complete. Facts and theories are notcoordinate species. Theories, if true, are facts—a particular class of facts indeed, generallycomplex, and if a logical connection subsists between their constituents, have all the positiveattributes of theories.Nevertheless, this distinction, however inadequate it may be to explain the source of truemethod in science, is well founded, and connotes an important character in truemethod. A factis a proposition of simple. A theory, on the other hand, if true has all the characteristics of afact, except that its verification is possible only by indirect, remote, and difficult means. Toconvert theories into facts is to add simple verification, and the theory thus acquires the fullcharacteristics of a fact.1. The title that best expresses the ideas of thispassage is[A]. Philosophy of mathematics. [B]. The RecentGrowth in Science.[C]. The Verification of Facts. [C]. Methods of Scientific Inquiry.2. According to the author, one possible reason for the growth of science during thedays of the ancient Greeks and in modern times is[A]. the similarity between the two periods.[B]. that it was an act of God.[C]. that both tried to develop the inductive method.[D]. due to the decline of the deductive method.3. The difference between “fact” and “theory”[A]. is that the latter needs confirmation.[B]. rests on the simplicity of the former.[C]. is the difference between the modern scientists and the ancient Greeks.[D]. helps us to understand the deductive method.4. According to the author, mathematics is[A]. an inductive science. [B]. in need of simple verification.[C]. a deductive science. [D]. based on fact and theory.5. The statement “Theories are facts” may be called.[A]. a metaphor. [B]. a paradox.[C]. an appraisal of the inductive and deductive methods.[D]. a pun.词汇1. inductive 归纳法induction n.归纳法2. deductive 演绎法 deduction n 演绎法3. culmination 到达顶/极点4. conversant (with) 熟悉的，精通的5. exercise 运用，实行，执行仪式singular 卓越的，非凡的，独一无二的6. conjunction 结合，同时发生7. omnipotence 全能，无限权/威力8. Providence (大写)指上帝，天道，天令9. commonplace 平凡的，陈腐的10. inquiry 调查，探究(真理，知识等)11. doctrine 教义，学说，讲义12. correlative 相互关联的13. antithesis 对立面，对偶(修辞学中)，对句14. coordinate 同等的，并列的15. subsist 生存，维持生活16. attribute 特征，属性17. connote 意味着，含蓄(指词内涵)长句解析1. Why the inductive and mathematical sciences,after their first rapid development at theculmination of Greek civilization, advanced soslowly for two thousand years are questions whichhave interested the modern philosopher not less thanthe objects with which these sciences are more immediately conversant.[结构简析] 破折号后面的内容(见难句译注2)先撇开。
大学英语四级阅读理解精练附答案
大学英语四级阅读理解精练附答案Americans Looking To Chinese CultureTo Enrich Their Life The latest Chinese cultural icon to make its impact there is feng shui1, Chinasancient art of placement. In my recent trip to California, virtually all leading book stores and publiclibraries were well-stocked with plenty of publications on this highly esoteric subject.Why do Americans take to feng shui like fish to water? It owed its early success to the doggedefforts of a handful of Chinese feng shui experts. But from around 1990 onwards, numerous fengshui schools have sprung up in large American cities including San Francisco, New York, Chicago,Boston and Houston. Their enrolments have risen by leaps and bounds.Its adherents find its commonsensible approach to daily living an effective counterweight tomaterialism, and helps them to reduce the intrusion of technology into their lives. With itsemphasis on achieving balance and harmony and peace and tranquillity at home and at work,this time-honoured art relaxes their minds and helps them overcome stresses and strains ofmodern living. They firmly believe that once their mental and physical well-being are inequilibrium2, then good health, work efficiency and prosperity will come their way naturally.A conspicuous manifestation of feng shui is through the proliferation of miniature fountainsstrategically placed in the homes, offices, shops, restaurants and at other public places. This isbecause water attracts the all-important life -sustaining qi, or energy. The soothing rhythm ofrunning water gently beating down on pebbles or bamboos can uplift ones spirits as it symbolises avital source of life .Underpinning the growing popularity of Chinese things is the emergence of China as a potentialworld political and economic superpower. This coincided with its reopening up to the outside worldwhich has enabled an increasing number of Americans to travel there in order to experience at firsthand3 the splendours of this venerable civilisation.Added to this, the thriving Chinese communities in many American urban centres and theirreputation as a model minority have aroused further their interests in this distant land, which is sovastly different from theirs.One of the palpable strengths of the United States is that it is truly an open society. This makes iteasier for it to absorb cultural values and practices from other countries and to nurture them sothat they become part of the social fabric of its own multiethnic and multicultural community. 练习题：Ⅰ. Choose the best words to fill the blanks:1. Hitler, the enemy of Poland and the rest of European world, became more and more warlike.A. publicB. potentialC. ancientD. effective2. People who enjoy a good are respected by many.A. balanceB. harmonyC. tranquilityD. reputation3. The growing of Internet makes the parents worry about its negative side over their kids.A. equilibriumB. popularityC. iconD. emergence4. The main of feng shui is to reconsider mans relationship with nature .A. proliferationB. valueC. practiceD. fabricⅡ. Question:Which reason below Ca n No t explain why feng shui is so popular in US?A. The United States is truly an open society.B. The emergence of China as a potential world political and economic superpower.C. Feng shui as an effective counterweight to materialism.D. The dogged efforts of a handful of Chinese feng shui experts.E. Feng shuis theory and practice becoming easy.Ⅰ. 1. B 2. D 3. B 4. BⅡ. E。
英语四级考试阅读精选题及答案讲解
英语四级考试阅读精选题及答案讲解英语四级考试阅读精选题(一)Some houses are designed to be smart. Others have smart designs. An e某ample of the secondtype of house won an Award of E某cellence from the American Institute of Architects.Located on the shore of Sullivan’s Island off the coast of South Carolina, the award-winningcube-shaped beach house was built to replace one smashed to pieces by Hurricane (飓风) Hugo10 years ago. In September1989, Hugo struck South Carolina, killing 18 people and damagingor destroying 36,000 homes in the state.Before Hugo, many new houses built along South Carolina’s shoreline were poorly constructed,and enforcement of building codes wasn’t strict, according to architect Ray Huff, who createdthe cleverly-designed beach house. In Hugo’s wake, all new shoreline houses are required tomeet stricter, better-enforced codes.The new beach house on Sullivan’s Island should be able towithstand a Category 3 hurricane with peak winds of 179 to 209 kilometers per hour.At first sight, the house on Sullivan’s Island looks anything but hurricane-proof. Its redwoodshell makes it resemble “a large party lantern (灯笼)” at night, according to one observer. Butlooks can be deceiving. The house’s wooden frame is reinforced with long steel rods to give ite某tra strength.To further protect the house from hurricane damage, Huff raised it 2.7 meters off the groundon timber pilings—long, slender columns of wood anchored deep in the sand. Pilings mightappear insecure, but they arestrong enough to support the weight of the house. They alsoelevate the house above storm surges. The pilings allow thesurges to run under the houseinstead of running into it. “These swells of water come ashore at tremendous speeds and causemost of the damage done to beach-front buildings,” said Huff.Huff designed the timber pilings to be partially concealed by the house’s ground-to-roofshell. “ The shell masks the pilings so that the house doesn’t look like it’s standing with itspant legs pulled up,” said Huff. In the event of a storm surge, the shell should break apart andlet the waves rush under the house, the architect e某plained.练习题：Choose correct answers to the question:1. After the tragedy caused by Hurricane Hugo, new houses built along SouthCarolina’s shore line are required ________.A. to be easily reinforcedB. to look smarter in designC. to meet stricter building standardsD. to be designed in the shape of cubes2. The award-winning beach house is quite strong because________.A. it is strengthened by steel rodsB. it is made of redwoodC. it is in the shape of a shellD. it is built with timber and concrete3. Huff raised the house 2.7 meters off the ground on timber pilings in order to________.A. withstand peak winds of about 200 km/hrB. anchor stronger pilings deep in the sandC. break huge sea waves into smaller onesD. prevent water from rushing into the house4. The main function of the shell is ________.A. to strengthen the pilings of the houseB. to give the house a better appearanceC. to protect the wooden frame of the houseD. to slow down the speed of the swelling water5. It can be inferred from the passage that the shell should be ________.A. fancy-lookingB. waterproofC. easily breakableD. e某tremely strong英语四级考试阅读精选题答案1.[C] 根据题目中的专有名词Hugo查找到文中第3段第2句。
2020年大学英语四级阅读题文章精读(2)
2020年大学英语四级阅读题文章精读(2) Passage TwoEurope's Gypsies, Are They a Nation?The striving of countries in Central Europe to enter the European Union may offer an unprecedented chance to the continent's Gypsies （or Roman） to be recognized as a nation, albeit one without a defined territory. And if they were to achieve that they might even seek some kind of formal place—at least a total population outnumbers that of many of the Union's present and future countries. Some experts put the figure at 4m-plus; some proponents of Gypsy rights go as high as 15m.Unlike Jews, Gypsies have had no known ancestral land to hark back to. Though their language is related to Hindi,their territorial origins are misty. Romanian peasants held them to be born on the moon. Other Europeans （wrongly）thought them migrant Egyptians, hence the derivative Gypsy. Most probably they were itinerant metal workers and entertainers who drifted west from India in the 7th century.However, since communism in Central Europe collapsed a decade ago, the notion of Romanestan as a landless nation founded on Gypsy culture has gained ground. The International Romany Union, which says it stands for 10m Gypsies in morethan 30 countries, is fostering the idea of “self-rallying”. It is trying to promote a standard and written form of the language; it waves a Gypsy flag （green with a wheel） whenit lobbies in such places as the United Bations; and in Julyit held a congress in Prague, The Czech capital. WherePresident Vaclav Havel said that Gypsies in his own country and elsewhere should have a better deal.At the congress a Slovak-born lawyer, Emil Scuka, was elected president of the International Tomany Union. Laterthis month a group of elected Gypsy politicians, including members of parliament, mayors and local councilors from all over Europe （OSCE）, to discuss how to persuade more Gypsies to get involved in politics.The International Romany Union is probably the most representative of the outfits that speak for Gypsies, butthat is not saying a lot. Of the several hundred delegateswho gathered at its congress, few were democratically elected; oddly, none came from Hungary, whose Gypsies are perhaps the world's best organized, with some 450 Gypsy bodies advising local councils there. The union did, however, announce its ambition to set up a parliament, but how it would actually be elected was left undecided.So far, the European Commission is wary of encouraging Gypsies to present themselves as a nation. The might, it is feared, open a Pandora's box already containing Basques, Corsicans and other awkward peoples. Besides, acknowledging Gypsies as a nation might backfire, just when several countries, particularly Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic, are beginning to treat them better, in order to qualify for EU membership. “The EU's whole premise is to overcome di fferences, not to highlight them,” says a nervous Eurocrat.But the idea that the Gypsies should win some kind of special recognition as Europe's largest continent wideminority, and one with a terrible history of persecution, is catching on . Gypsies have suffered many pogroms over the centuries. In Romania, the country that still has the largest number of them （more than 1m）, in the 19th century theywere actually enslaved. Hitler tried to wipe them out, along with the Jews.“Gypsies deserve some space within European structures,” says Jan Marinus Wiersma, a Dutchman in the EuropeanParliament who suggests that one of the current commissioners should be responsible for Gypsy affairs. Some prominentGypsies say they should be more directly represented, perhaps with a quota in the European Parliament. That, they argue,might give them a boost. There are moves afoot to help themto get money for, among other things, a Gypsy university.One big snag is that Europe's Gypsies are, in fact, extremely heterogeneous. They belong to many different, and often antagonistic, clans and tribes, with no common languageor religion, Their self-proclaimed leaders have often proved quarrelsome and corrupt. Still, says, Dimitrina Petrova, headof the European Roma Rights Center in Budapest, Gypsies'shared experience of suffering entitles them to talk of one nation; their potential unity, she says, stems from “being regarded as sub-human by most majorities in Europe.”And they have begun to be a bit more pragmatic. InSlovakia and Bulgaria, for instance, Gypsy political partiesare trying to form electoral blocks that could win seats in parliament. In Macedonia, a Gypsy party already has some—and even runs a municipality. Nicholas Gheorge, an expert onGypsy affairs at the OSCE, reckons that, spread over CentralEurope, there are now about 20 Gypsy MPS and mayors, 400-odd local councilors, and a growing number of businessmen and intellectuals.That is far from saying that they have the people or the cash to forge a nation. But, with the Gypsy question on the EU's agenda in Central Europe, they are making ground.1. The Best Title of this passage is[A]. Gypsies Want to Form a Nation. [B]. Are They a Nation.[C]. EU Is Afraid of Their Growth. [C]. They Are a Tribe2. Where are the most probable Gypsy territory origins?[A]. Most probably they drifted west from India in the7th century.[B]. They are scattered everywhere in the world.[C]. Probably, they stemmed from Central Europe.[D]. They probably came from the International Romany Union.3. What does the International Romany lobby for?[A]. It lobbies for a demand to be accepted by such international organizations as EU and UN.[B]. It lobbies for a post in any international Romany Union.[C]. It lobbies for the right as a nation.[D]. It lobbies for a place in such international organizations as the EU or UN.4. Why is the Europe Commission wary of encouraging Gypsies to present themselves as a nation?[A]. It may open a Pandora's Box.[B]. Encouragement may lead to some unexpected results.[C]. It fears that the Basgnes, Corsicans and other nations seeking separation may raise the same demand.[D]. Gyspsies' demand may highlight the difference in the EU.5. The big problem lies in the fact that[A]. Gypsies belong to different and antagonistic clans and tribes without a common language or religion.[B]. Their leaders prove corrupt.[C]. Their potential unity stems from “being regarded as sub-human”.[D]. They are a bit more pragmatic.Vocabulary1. albeit 即使，虽然2. outnumber 数字上超过3. ethnic 少数民族的成员，种族集团的成员4. Hindi 印地语5. misty 模糊不清的，朦胧的6. derivative 衍生的，派生的7. itinerant 逻辑的8. Romanesten 说吉普塞语的地方Romanes 吉普塞语Stan 地方9. outfit （口）组织，（协同工作）的集体10. local 地方（市，镇，县）政务委员会11. wary 谨慎的，机警的12. backfire 产生出乎意料或事与愿违的结果13. highlight 强调14. persecution 迫害15. catch on 了解，风行=to become popular16. pogrom 大屠杀，集体迫害17. commissioner 委员，调查团团员18. quota 定量，配额，限额19. snag （尖利突出物，抽丝）潜在的困难20. heterogeneous 由不同种类组成的21. antagonistic 有效对抗性的，对抗性的22. clan 氏族23. tribe 部落24. pragmatic 务实的，讲究实效的25. municipality 城市，镇，区属政府，自治区26. Rom 罗姆，即吉普塞人难句译注1. Central Europe 中欧，如本文提及捷克，匈牙利，罗马尼亚等。
英语四级阅读全解析
英语四级阅读全解析
英语四级考试是全国各大高校对学生英语水平的一次考核，其中阅读部分是考生们最为关注的一环。
本文将对英语四级阅读部分进行全面解析，帮助考生更好地备战考试。
第一篇阅读理解
本篇阅读理解主要讲述了如何在社交场合中进行自我介绍。
在这篇文章中，作者提到了一些关于自我介绍的技巧和注意事项。
首先，要注意言简意赅，不要过多地描述自己，避免显得矫揉造作。
其次，要注意自信和微笑，展现出自己的自信和亲和力。
最后，要避免谈论敏感话题，尤其是政治和宗教等话题。
第二篇阅读理解
本篇阅读理解主要讲述了如何提高英语阅读能力。
在这篇文章中，作者提到了一些提高英语阅读能力的方法。
首先，要多读英语文章，积累词汇量和阅读理解能力。
其次，要注重语法和句子结构，理解句子的构成对于阅读理解至关重要。
最后，要注重阅读背景知识，了解文章所述内容的背景信息，有助于更好地理解文章。
第三篇阅读理解
本篇阅读理解主要讲述了如何在考试中做阅读理解题。
在这篇文章中，作者提到了一些做阅读理解题的技巧。
首先，要注意题目类型，了解不同类型题目的解题方法。
其次，要注重细节，不要漏掉文章中
的重要信息。
最后，要注意时间分配，掌握好做题的时间，避免因时间不足而匆忙作答。
总结
通过对以上三篇阅读理解的全面解析，相信考生们对英语四级阅读部分有了更清晰的认识。
在备战考试的过程中，考生们要注重积累词汇量、加强语法训练、多做阅读练习，相信一定能在考试中取得好成绩。
祝愿所有考生都能取得理想的分数，顺利通过英语四级考试！。
英语四级真题阅读理解[带翻译]
![英语四级真题阅读理解[带翻译]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/293831e984254b35eefd346b.png)
Passage1Reading leadership literature, you’d sometimes think that everyone has the potential to be an effective leader. 读领导文学，你有时会认为每个人都有可能成为一个有效的领导者。
I don’t believe that to be true. In fact, I see way fewer truly effective leaders than I see people stuck in positions of leadership who arc sadly incompetent and seriously misguided about their own abilities. 我不相信这是真的。
事实上，我认为真正有效的领导者的方式比我看到的人都陷在领导的职位上，遗憾的是他们自己的能力不称职，严重误导了他们。
Part of the reason this happens is a lack of honest self-assessment by those who aspire to（追求）leadership in the first place. 对产生这种现象的原因一部分是由那些渴望缺乏诚实的自我评估（追求）放在首位的领导We've all met the type of individual who simply must take charge. Whether it's a decision-making session, a basketball game, or a family outing, they can't help grabbing the lead dog position and clinging on to it for dear life. They believe they're natural born leaders.我们都遇到了个人的类型，他们必须负责。
【参考文档】征服英语四级的阅读方法word版本 (1页)
【参考文档】征服英语四级的阅读方法word版本
本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！
== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==
征服英语四级的阅读方法
第一，读不懂
所谓读不懂，就是考生拿过文章，满头雾水，即使硬着头皮读文章，也是
一知半解。
然后匆忙做体，仅凭感觉去蒙，因此做体准确率必然不高。
第二，读不快
读不快表现为，文章读完了，题也做完了，但往往是比考试要求多用15乃至20多分钟的时间。
于是影响了其他问题的有效解答。
匆忙起笔，必然影响整个四级的考试成绩。
第三，做不对
就是虽然文章也读懂了，但是一做题就错。
解决办法
掌握正确的阅读方法
考生平时阅读一般会采取良种阅读方法。
一种是先看文章后看问题;另一种是先看问题，带着问题读文章。
那么究竟哪一种方法比较好呢?笔者认为还是先看问题后读文章比较好。
原因在于，先看问题，你可以熟悉出题人的出题角度。
并且有题干，你可以划出题干的关键词，特别是四级考试中有一类题目属于指
代题或词汇题，如下所示：
词汇题
显著问法：the word XXXX most probably means?
指代题
显著问法：
1.代词指代：the pronounit/those/that/them refers to ?
2.名词指代：the word XXXX refers to ?。
英语四级阅读题库含答案解析
英语四级阅读题库含答案解析(总46页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--英语四级阅读题库含答案解析OneGlobal warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but regardless of whether it is or isn’t –we won’t do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth,” as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don’t know enough to relieve global warming, and –without major technological breakthroughs—we can’t do much about it.From 2003 to 2050, the world’s population is projected to grow from billion to billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. but that’s too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present povertyand freeze everyone else‘s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they’re “doing something.” Consider the Kyoto Protocol (京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn’t. But it hasn’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories (签字国) didn’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it’s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don’t solve the engineering problem, we’re helpless.57. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?A) It may not prove an environmental crisis at all.B) It is an issue requiring world wide commitments.C) Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it.D) Very little will be done to bring it under control.58. According to the author’s understanding, what is Al Gore’s view on global warming?A) It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.B) It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.D) It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.59. Green house emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _______.A) economic growthB) the widening gap between the rich and poor C) wasteful use of energyD) the rapid advances of science and technology60. The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, ________.A) politicians have started to do something to better the situationB) few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy useC) reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warmingD) international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems61. What is the message the author intends to convey?A) Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.B) The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technologyC) The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs.D) People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.Passage TwoSomeday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the Websites you’ve visited. Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchase or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.In fact, it’s likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without your permissionIt might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen — the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked.Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it’s important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs (碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simple cannot keep a secret.The key question is: Does that matter?When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is “slipping away, and that bothers me.”But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths (收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon (优惠券).But privacy does matter – at least sometimes. It’s like health: When you have it, you don’t notice it. Only when it’s gone do you wish you’d done more to protect it.62. What does the author mean by saying “the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked ”(Lines 3-4,A) People’s personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge.B) In the 21st century people try every means to look into others’ secrets.C) People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age.D) Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.63. What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?A) Friends should open their hearts to each other.B) Friends should always be faithful to each other.C) There should be a distance even between friends.D) There should be fewer disputes between friends.64. Why does the author say “we live in a world where you simple cannot keep a secret” (Line 5,A) Modern society has finally evolved into an open society.B) People leave traces around when using modern technology.C) There are always people who are curious about others’ affairs.D) Many search engines profit by revealing people’s identities.65. What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?A) They change behaviors that might disclose their identity.B) They use various loyalty cards for business transactions.C) They rely more and more on electronicdevices.D) They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it.66. According to the passage, privacy is like health in that ________.A) people will make every effort to keep itB) its importance is rarely understoodC) it is something that can easily be lostD) people don’t cherish it until they lose itOneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.If you are a male and you are readingthis ,congratulations: you are asurvivor .According to statistics .you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman.There are many reasons for this-typically, men take more risks than woman and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doctor.“Men aren’t seeing doctors as often as they should, ” says Dr. Gullotta, “This is particularly so for the over-40s,when diseases tend to strike.”Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45,it should be at least once a year.Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old ma who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year.“When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer”he says, “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged this life”According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group.“A lot of men think they are invincible （不可战胜的）”Gullotta says “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think” Geez, if it could happen to him.Then there is the ostrich approach,” some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know, ” says Dr. Ross Cartmill.“Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,”Cartmill says .He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says.”But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, theultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death.”does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?A. They are more likely to survive serious diseases today.B. Their average life span has been considerably extended.C. They have lived long enough to read this article.D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier live.does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women?A. men drink and smoke much more than womenB. men don’t seek medical care as often as womenC. men aren’t as cautions as women in face of dangerD. men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases59. Which of the following best completes the sentence “Geez, if it could happen to him…’(line2,para,8)A. it could happen to me, tooB. I should avoid playing golfC. I should consider myself luckyD. it would be a big misfortune60what does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach”(line qA. a casual attitude towards one’s health conditionsB. a new therapy for certain psychological problemsC. refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involvedD. unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fear61. What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?may increase public expenseswill save money in the long run may cause psychological strains on menwill enable men to live as long as women Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.High-quality customer service is preached(宣扬) by many ,but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than doneShoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers-and anyone who will listen.Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide t frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde group and Wharton school “Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers,” said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde group.” the store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement.”On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four other, and will no longer visit the specific store for every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews. The resulting “snowball effect” can be disastrous to retailers.According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most problems. ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers.The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered (塞满了的) shelves, overloaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople.During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting（业余兼职的）local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces. This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, andavoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions.Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers.“Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly.” said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.”Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答62. Why are store managers often the last to hear complaints?A Most customers won’t bother to complain even if they have had unhappy experiences.B Customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them.C Few customers believe the service will be improved.D Customers have no easy access to store managers.63. What does Paula Courtney imply by saying “… the shopper must also find a replacement” (Line 2, Para. 4)A New customers are bound to replace old ones.B It is not likely the shopper can find the same products in other stores.C Most stores provide the sameD Not complaining to the manager causes the shopper some trouble too.64. Shop owners often hire moonlighting police as parking attendants so that shoppers_____A can stay longer browsing in the storeB won’t have trouble parking their carsC won’t have any worries about securityD can find their cars easily after shopping65. What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?A Manners of the salespeopleB Hiring of efficient employeesC Huge supply of goods for saleD Design of the store layout.66. To achieve better shopping experiences, customers are advised to _________.A exert pressure on stores to improve their serviceB settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic wayC voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directlyD shop around and make comparisons between stores3. The January fashion show, called Future Fashion , exemplified how far green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines.The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to fine . “Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and shat your customers are used to,” he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly equivalents.Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs(企业家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable . It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewer than a dozen two years ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional(过渡型的) cotton at higher prices , thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material . “Mainstream is about to occur,” says Hahn.Some analysts(分析师) are less sure . Among consumers, only 18%are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer, when asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied: “Not that I’m aware of.” Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she’s on the hunt for “cute stuff that isn’t too expensive.” By her own admission, green just isn’t yet on her mind. But –thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers –one day it will be.57. What is said about Future Fashion?A) It inspired many leading designers to start going green.B) It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far.C) It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized.D) It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be made durable.58. According to Scott Hahn, one big challenge to designers who will go organic isthat .A) much more time is needed to finish a dress using sustainable materials .B) they have to create new brands for clothes made of organic materials .C) customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organic materials .D) quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readily available .59. We learn from Paragraph 3 that designers who undertake green fashion .A) can attend various trade shows free .B) are readily recognized by the fashion worldC) can buy organic cotton at favorable prices .D) are gaining more and more support .60. What is Natalie Hormilla’s attitude toward ecofashion?A) She doesn’t seem to care about it. C) She is doubtful of its practical value.B) She doesn’t think it is sustainable D) She is very much opposed to the idea61. What does the author think of green fashion?A) Green products will soon go mainstream.B) It has a very promising future.C) Consumers have the final say.D) It will appeal more to young people.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand(缕) of hair , a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims .The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people’s hair.“You’re what you eat and drink, and that’s recorded in you hair,”said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah.While diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as raid cloudsmove.Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable , but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes(同位素) . The heaviest raid falls first .As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.Similar patterns exist throughout the . By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months.Cerling’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a mop of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops.They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly corresponding to the movement of raid systems.“It’s not good for pinpointing (精确定位),” Cerling said . “It’s good for eliminating many possibilities.”Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of hair.When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two months.She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.“It’s still a substantial area,”Park said “But it narrows it way down for me.”62. What is the scientists’ new discovery?A) One’s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.B) A person’s hair may reveal where they have lived.C) Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.D) The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.63. What does the author mean by “You’re what you eat and drink” (Line 1,A) Food and drink affect one’s personality development.B) Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.C) Food and drink leave traces in one’s body tissues.D) Food and drink are indispensable to one’s existence.64. What is said about the rainfall in America’s West?A) There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.B) The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.C) Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.D) It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.65. What did Cerling’s team produce in their research?A) A map showing the regional differences of tap water.B) A collection of hair samples from various barber shops.C) A method to measure the amount of water in human hair.D) A chart illustrating the movement of the rain system.66. What is the practical value of Cerling’s research?A) It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.B) It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.C) It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.D) It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.4.Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they’ll change America. Rightly so, but selfishly, I’m morefascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world’s attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that we’re all hot-tempered single mothers who can’t keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can’t escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers.These images have helped define the way all women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simple to be herself.It won’t be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about what they’d like to see Michelle bring to the White House—mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyone—an impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (沉着), confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image that’s been around for far too long.57. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?A) She serves as a role model for African women.B) She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.C) She will present to the world a new image of African-American women.D) She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-American women.58. What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author?A) They are victims of violence. B) They are of an inferior violence.C) They use quite a lot of body language. D) They live on charity and social welfare.59. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?A) Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.B) How Michelle should behave as a public figure.C) How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.D) What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.60. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?A) However many fans she has, she should remain modest,B) She shouldn’t disappoint the African-American community.C) However hard she tries, she can’t expect to please everybody.D) She will give priority to African-American women’s concerns.61. What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obama will do?A) Help change the prevailing view about black women.B) Help her husband in the task of changing America.C) Outshine previous First Lady.D) Fully display her fine qualities.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.When next year’s crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, they’ll be joined by a new face; Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (教务长) of Yale, who’ll become Oxford’s vice-chancellor—a position equivalent to university president in America.Hamilton isn’t the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc, have also recently made top-level hires from abroad. Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, and like so many businesses, it’s gone global. Yet the talent flow isn’t universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction: outward from America.The chief reason is that American schools don’t tend to seriously consider looking abroad. For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the university’s budget. “We didn’t do any global consideration,”says Patricia Hayes, the board’s chair. The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist (活动家) who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing, since . schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student number. The decline in government support has made funding-raising an increasing necessary ability among administrators and has hiring committees hungry for Americans.In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.”Of course, fund-raising isn’t the only skill outsiders offer. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind of promote international programs and attract a global student body. Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices.62. What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage?A) Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators from the .B) A lot of political activists are being recruited as administrators.。
0Saymn【英语四级】征服阅读理解【高分必看】
生命是永恒不断的创造，因为在它内部蕴含着过剩的精力，它不断流溢，越出时间和空间的界限，它不停地追求，以形形色色的自我表现的形式表现出来。
－－泰戈尔大学英语四级强化——阅读理解阅读理解基础❆词汇量：300~400个❆句子：☞多重复合句☞并列句：but，主语and主语阅读题型1.主题题——对应文章的主题所在，题干有明显可辨认特征特征：main——写作目的和标题文章主题在第一、二段，段落主题在段落第一、二句以及末句只要有development出现就是主题，history / predict / forecast出现极大可能不对2.细节题——占题目的绝大多数（80%）左右，对应文章细节部分的内容Keyword关键词名词：人名、具体年份、确切数字动词形容词、副词上一题用过的词不要再用3.推理题——与细节题类似的一种题型，一般需要根据文章内容作简单推理一般推理：imply、infer指代题（refer）：it/them4.词汇题——考核对于英文词汇在句子中的含义或把握篇章里的寓意构词动词尾巴（副词和介词）相似结构5.态度题——考查作者的写作态度或作者对于文章某描述内容的态度方法：排除相同态度和非表态的选项，然后根据文章主题选择态度词汇：赞成：optimistic反对：critical中立：objective非表态：arbitrary6.文章结构题——有部分四级文章属于节选文章，此题型考核对于文章结构和写作整体的理解7.应用题——给予文章以外的情况，要求套用文章当中的理论进行推理阅读方式✌扫描（scan）⇨主题词（theme word）扫描的目的是用浏览全文的方法了解文章的大意和主题思想，并对文章的结构有个总的概念。
扫描时，应特别注意文章的重点，以及篇章中的主题词（theme word），因为它们往往是出题的地方，解题的关键。
✌跳读（skip）⇨缺省阅读部分（non-question parts）找到文章中的无关范围以后，即在用符号标记，不要浪费时间阅读。
【英语四级】征服阅读理解【高分必看】
大学英语四级强化——阅读理解阅读理解基础❆词汇量：300~400个❆句子：☞多重复合句☞并列句：but，主语and主语阅读题型1.主题题——对应文章的主题所在，题干有明显可辨认特征特征：main——写作目的和标题文章主题在第一、二段，段落主题在段落第一、二句以及末句只要有development出现就是主题，history / predict / forecast出现极大可能不对2.细节题——占题目的绝大多数（80%）左右，对应文章细节部分的内容Keyword关键词名词：人名、具体年份、确切数字动词形容词、副词上一题用过的词不要再用3.推理题——与细节题类似的一种题型，一般需要根据文章内容作简单推理一般推理：imply、infer指代题（refer）：it/them4.词汇题——考核对于英文词汇在句子中的含义或把握篇章里的寓意构词动词尾巴（副词和介词）相似结构5.态度题——考查作者的写作态度或作者对于文章某描述内容的态度方法：排除相同态度和非表态的选项，然后根据文章主题选择态度词汇：赞成：optimistic反对：critical中立：objective非表态：arbitrary6.文章结构题——有部分四级文章属于节选文章，此题型考核对于文章结构和写作整体的理解7.应用题——给予文章以外的情况，要求套用文章当中的理论进行推理阅读方式✌扫描（scan）⇨主题词（theme word）扫描的目的是用浏览全文的方法了解文章的大意和主题思想，并对文章的结构有个总的概念。
扫描时，应特别注意文章的重点，以及篇章中的主题词（theme word），因为它们往往是出题的地方，解题的关键。
✌跳读（skip）⇨缺省阅读部分（non-question parts）找到文章中的无关范围以后，即在用符号标记，不要浪费时间阅读。
就算有难题，需要再次阅读文章内容，而且要通过推理、判断，弄清楚文章中“字里行间”潜在的意思。
可借助这个手段，减少阅读分量，加强对重点的分析，以达到针对题目的透彻理解。
英语四级阅读理解部分附全文翻译
英语四级阅读理解部分附全文翻译1. Part II 阅读理解（40分钟）Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Passage:The development of e-commerce has dramatically transformed the retail industry. Traditional brick-and-mortar stores have been supplemented, and in some cases, replaced by online platforms. This shift has brought about significant changes in the way consumers shop and businesses operate.One of the main benefits of e-commerce is the convenience it offers. Consumers can shop from the comfort of their homes at any time of day, without the need to travel to a physical store. This has particularly benefited those with busy schedules or limited mobility. Additionally, e-commerce allows for a wider selection of products than might be available in local stores, often at more competitive prices.However, the rise of e-commerce has also introduced challenges. The anonymity of online transactions can lead to issues of trust, with consumers sometimes hesitant to purchase from unfamiliar websites. Furthermore, the increased competition has forced many small businesses to either adapt to the digital marketplace or face closure.In conclusion, while e-commerce has revolutionized the retail industry and brought numerous benefits to consumers, it is not without its challenges. Businesses must continue to evolve to meet the demands of this rapidly changing landscape.Word Bank:A) convenienceB) competitionC) transactionsD) transformedE) operateF) mobilityG) adaptH) hesitantI) unfamiliarJ) widerQuestions:1) The development of e-commerce has _______ the retail industry.2) One of the main benefits of e-commerce is the _______ it offers.3) Consumers can shop from home, which is particularly beneficial for those with limited _______.4) The anonymity of online _______ can lead to issues of trust.Section BDirections:In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage One:The tourism industry has seen significant growth over the past few decades, driven by the increasing availability of affordable travel options and the rise of social media. These factorshave made it easier than ever for people to explore new destinations and share their experiences with others.One of the most notable trends in recent years is the rise of "sustainable tourism." This approach emphasizes minimizing the environmental impact of travel while supporting local communities. Sustainable tourism can include practices such as choosing eco-friendly accommodations, participating in conservation efforts, and respecting local cultures. However, the growth of tourism has also led to challenges. Popular destinations can become overcrowded, leading to damage to natural environments and cultural sites. In some cases, the influx of tourists can even disrupt local communities, causing resentment among residents. In conclusion, while tourism offers many benefits, it is important to approach travel responsibly to ensure that destinations can be enjoyed by future generations. Questions:1) What has contributed to the significant growth of the tourism industry?A) The decline in travel costs and the popularity of social media.B) The development of new transportation methods.C) The increase in luxury travel options.D) The promotion of international tourism by governments.2) What is a key aspect of sustainable tourism?A) Visiting as many destinations as possible.B) Minimizing environmental impact and supporting local communities.C) Staying in luxury hotels and resorts.D) Traveling to remote and unspoiled locations.3) What is one of the challenges caused by the growth of tourism?A) The decline in international travel.B) The negative impact on local cultures and environments.C) The rise in travel-related costs.D) The decrease in travel safety.4) How can travelers ensure that destinations remain enjoyable for future generations?A) By visiting only popular tourist spots.B) By choosing environmentally friendly travel options.C) By limiting the duration of their trips.D) By avoiding travel during peak seasons.Passage Two:The concept of work-life balance has become increasingly important in modern society. As technology continues to blur the lines between work and personal life, many people struggle to find time for relaxation and leisure. This issue is particularly prevalent in countries where long working hours are the norm.One of the main challenges of achieving work-life balance is the expectation to be constantly available. With the advent of smartphones and email, employees are often expected to respond to work-related communications outside of regular business hours. This can lead to burnout and decreased job satisfaction.Employers are beginning to recognize the importance of work-life balance for employee well-being and productivity. Some companies have implemented policies such as flexible working hours, remote work options, and mandatory vacation time to help employees achieve a healthier balance.In conclusion, work-life balance is essential for maintaining both physical and mental health. Employers and employees alike must work together to create an environment that supports a healthy balance between work and personal life.Questions:1) What has contributed to the difficulty of achieving work-life balance in modern society?A) The rise of remote work opportunities.B) The increasing demand for skilled labor.C) The expectation to be constantly available.D) The decline in job security.2) What is one of the negative effects of being constantly available for work?A) Increased job satisfaction.B) Higher productivity levels.C) Burnout and decreased job satisfaction.D) Improved work-life balance.3) How are some employers helping employees achieve work-life balance?A) By increasing work hours and reducing vacation time.B) By offering flexible working hours and remote work options.C) By eliminating work-from-home opportunities.D) By requiring employees to work on weekends.4) Why is work-life balance important?A) It helps employees earn more money.B) It allows employees to focus solely on their careers.C) It is essential for maintaining physical and mental health.D) It improves job security.Passage Three:The importance of cybersecurity has grown exponentially as the world becomes more connected through the internet. Cyberattacks are becoming more frequent and sophisticated, targeting everything from personal information to critical infrastructure.One of the most common forms of cyberattacks is phishing, where attackers trick individuals into providing sensitive information by pretending to be a trustworthy source. This can lead to identity theft, financial loss, and damage to an organization's reputation.To combat these threats, both individuals and organizations must take proactive measures. This includes using strong passwords, keeping software up to date, and being cautious of suspicious emails and links. Additionally, governments and businesses are investing in cybersecurity technologies and training to protect against potential threats.In conclusion, cybersecurity is an essential aspect of modern life, requiring constant vigilance and proactive measures to safeguard against the ever-evolving threats in the digital world. Questions:1) What has contributed to the growing importance of cybersecurity?A) The decline in internet usage.B) The increase in cyberattacks targeting critical infrastructure.C) The rise of traditional communication methods.D) The reduction in government regulations.2) What is one of the most common forms of cyberattacks?A) Phishing.B) Malware.C) Ransomware.D) Denial of service.3) What can individuals do to protect themselves from cyberattacks?A) Use weak passwords and share them with others.B) Keep software up to date and be cautious of suspicious emails.C) Ignore cybersecurity threats and rely on antivirus software.D) Avoid using the internet altogether.4) How are governments and businesses addressing cybersecurity threats?A) By reducing investments in cybersecurity technologies.B) By training employees and investing in cybersecurity technologies.C) By eliminating the use of the internet in the workplace.D) By ignoring cybersecurity risks.答案部分1. Part II 阅读理解（40分钟）Section APassage:电子商务的发展已经极大地改变了零售业。
四级阅读真题解析逐题分析
四级阅读真题解析逐题分析在四级英语考试中，阅读理解是一个重要的部分。
本文将逐题分析四级阅读真题，并提供解析和解决方法。
题目1：Passage 1Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.When you are hedging against risk in financial markets, there are two problems. One is strategic, the other is tactical. The strategic problem is to create a portfolio that has less exposure to shocks. Unfortunately, just when the modified value should be lower than the losers, the modified value is sometimes higher. The tactical problem is to buy low and sell high. Here too, the modified value often behaves in a manner inconsistent with intuition. The result is that almost all participants in the finance industry face substantial uncertainty in the modified value when they buy or sell assets. This, in turn, creates opportunity for both informed investors and uninformed ones. Uninformed investors can do well, because they often pay too much when they buy and receive too little when they sell; they are worse off buy-and-hold investors who invest at a time when they just happen to get a good price.People who are ignorant of the situation do rather well when they keep adds.Question 46: According to the passage, the strategic problem in hedging against risk in financial markets is to ______.A) buy low and sell highB) create a portfolio with minimum exposure to shocksC) receive too little when sellingD) buy at a time when the price is particularly low解析：根据文章第一句话"When you are hedging against risk in financial markets, there are two problems. One is strategic, the other is tactical."可以得出答案为B) create a portfolio with minimum exposure to shocks。
2022年12月英语四级阅读真题及答案解析(新东方在线版)新
2022年12月英语四级阅读真题及答案解析（新东方在线版）无论是选词填空、长篇阅读还是认真阅读，与在四级课堂上讲到的解题技巧都有很高的契合度。
首先一起来谈谈选词填空这个题型。
总的来说，考点仍旧是课堂上反复跟大家强调的，用我们上课讲到的快速解题法则很快能得到正确答案。
首先第一步分析选项词性。
今年名词考2个，动词考5个，形容词考1个，副词2个。
如此一来，我们很快把15选1缩小到了最多是7选1，最少的状况是1选1。
另外，请留意，名词通过单复数，动词通过时态和非谓语动词还可以进一步缩小范围。
选词填空答案如下：26. F Damage27. B associated28 .M sources29 .D constant30 .G described31 .E control32 .H equals33 .K regularly34. I exclusively35 .O vehicles长篇阅读难度持平，用定位法则快速找定位即可，特殊要留意的是题干中只消失的大写专出名词、数字、时间、连词符和只消失过一次的表达。
今年的匹配题比较难，少数题干消失了同义替换的现象，大多数还是根据我们说的用到的是类似的表达和词性的替换。
匹配题答案如下：36-40 DBGFI 41-45 FCJEG36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced37.There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.38.There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.40.Training a patient to prepare healthy fod can change their life.41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patientshow to cook it.42. Scott is nat keen on cooking food herself thinking it would simply be a waste of time43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based fooding food as medicine is no novel idea but the movement is making headway these days.45. Americans high rates of various illesses result from the way they eat.再来谈谈认真阅读部分。
英语四级阅读理解强化练习附答案
英语四级阅读理解强化练习附答案英语四级阅读理解强化练习1：Acculturation, which begins at birth, is the process of teaching new generations of children the customs and values of the parents culture. How people treat newborns, for example, can be indicative of cultural values. In the United States it is not uncommon for parents to put a newborn in a separate room that belongs only to the child. This helps to preserve parents privacy and allows the child to get used to having his or her own room, which is seen as a first step toward personal independence. Americans traditionally have held independence and a closely related value, individualism, in high esteem. Parents try to instill these prevailing values in their children. American English expresses these value preferences: children should "cut the (umbilical) cord" and are encouraged not to be "tied to their mothers apron strings." In the process of their socialization children learn to "look out for number one" and to "stand on their own two feet".Many children are taught at a very early age to make decisions and be responsible for their actions. Often children work for money outside the home as a first step to establishing autonomy. Nine-or ten-year-old children may deliver newspapers in their neighborhoods and save or spend their earnings. Teenagers (13 to 18 years) may baby-sit neighbors homes in order to earn a few dollar a week. Receiving a weekly allowance at an early age teaches children to budget their money, preparing them forfuture financial independence. Many parents believe that managing money helps children learn responsibility as well as appreciate the value of money.21. According to this passage, the way people treat newborns _____.A) is a sign of their customsB) is an indication of their level of knowledgeC) symbolizes their social systemD) varies from culture to culture22. The expression, "to cut the cord", is used to show that _____.A) children dont like their parentsB) parents dont feel close to their childrenC) parents would not like to live together with their childrenD) independence from ones family is an important personal goal in USA23. Children who are "tied to the apron strings" _____.A) are caught in their mothers apronsB) must always wear an apron when they eatC) are very dependent on their mothersD) are independent from their parents24. American people often let their children work for money outside the home at a very early age because _____.A) children have to earn money to help the familyB) they need more moneyC) they want them to begin establishing autonomyD) children have to save money for future use25. It can be inferred from this passage that _____.A) Americans are money loversB) Americans admire independenceC) Americans are good at decision-makingD) Americans are all responsible英语四级阅读理解强化练习答案：ADCCB英语四级阅读理解强化练习2：Many people believe that the glare from snow causes snowblindness. Yet, dark glasses or not, they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snowblindness, when exposed to several hours of "snow light".The United States Army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snowblindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a mans eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of barren snow-covered terrain. So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache. Nature offsets this irritation byproducing more and more fluid which covers the eyeballs. The fluid covers the eyeball in increasing quantity until vision blurs, then is obscured, and the result is total, even though temporary, snowblindness.Experiments led to the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark colored objects ahead on which they too can focus. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop scouring the snow-blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snowblind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a solid white terrain is overcome.26. To prevent headache, watering eyes and blindness caused by the glare from snow, dark glasses are _____.A) indispensableB) usefulC) ineffectiveD) available27. When the eyes are sore tears are produced to _____.A) clear the visionB) remedy snowblindnessC) ease the irritationD) loosen the muscles28. Snowblindness may be avoided by _____.A) concentrating on the solid white terrainB) searching for something to look at in snow-covered terrainC) providing the eyes with something to focus onD) covering the eyeballs with fluid29. The eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache because _____.A) tears cover the eyeballsB) the eyes are irritated by blinding sunlightC) the eyes are irritated by blinding snowD) there is nothing to focus on30. A suitable title for the passage would be _____.A) Snowblindness and How to Overcome ItB) Natures Cure for SnowblindnessC) Soldiers in the SnowD) Snow Vision英语四级阅读理解强化练习答案：CCCDA。
征服英语四级阅读(2)
更多试题请访问/ielts/xd.html报名下载征服英语四级阅读（2）第五步，主旨态度最后做。
所谓主旨态度最后做就是，如果在五个问题中，第一个问题就问你，文章的中心思想、作者的写作意图或者做这些这篇文章的态度是什么。
这时候考生可以先放过去。
因为考生阅读第一遍文章的时候，只是掌握住文章粗枝大叶，这时候对文章还没有形成一个比较全面地了解。
因此可以先放过去先做其他四个问题，待做完其他四个问题的时候再去作主旨题或是态度题，这样准确率就比较高一些。
千万不要小看这一变化。
这类题目作对的正确与否有可能直接决定着其他四个选项的正确率。
按照上述五步阅读法，我们来举例说明：①Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge(保护区)(ANWR)to help secureAmerica’s energy future? President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR’s oilwould h elp ease California’s electricity crisis and provide a major boost to t he country’s energyindependence. But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth.With the last g overnment survey, conducted in 1998, protecting output anywherefrom 3 billionto 16 billion barrels.②The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of U.S.consumption for as long as six years . By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from thereserve fo r the next two three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on importsequivalent to all shipments to the U.S. from Saudi Arabia. Sounds good. An oil boom would alsomean a multibillion-d ollar windfall (意外之材) in tax revenues, royalties(开采权使用费) and leasingfees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best o f all, advocates of drilling say, damage to theenvironment would b e insignificant.“We’ve never had a document case of oilrig chasing deer outonto t he pack ice.” says Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan.④Not so far, say environmentalists. ③Sticking to the low end of government estimate, theNational Resou rces Defense Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion b arrels ofeconomically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would dovirtually nothing to ease Americ a’s energy problems. And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after much bar gaining over leases,environmental permits and regulatory review.⑤As for ANWR’s impact on the California powercrisis, environmentali sts point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State ’s electricityoutput and just 30% of the nation’s.。
四级阅读真题详解及解析精华指南
四级阅读真题详解及解析精华指南阅读理解是英语四级考试中的一个重要部分，对于考生来说，掌握解题技巧和阅读策略非常关键。
本文将为大家详细介绍四级阅读真题中常见的题型和解题思路，帮助大家提高阅读理解和解题能力。
一、题型解析1. 题型一：主旨大意题主旨大意题是四级阅读理解中最常见的题型之一。
该类型的题目要求考生从所给的文章中找出最能概括全文主旨的选项。
解答这类题目时，考生应该尽量避免局部细节和个别情况，并注意文章段落的首句和末句，以及关键词等。
2. 题型二：细节支持题细节支持题要求考生从文章中找出能够支持或证明某个观点的细节信息。
解答这类题目时，考生需要仔细阅读文章，并找出与题目相关的段落或句子。
关键词、转折词和指示词往往能够帮助考生快速定位正确答案。
3. 题型三：段落标题题段落标题题要求考生给文章的每个段落选出一个最恰当的标题。
解答这类题目时，考生需要通读全文，了解每个段落的主要内容和结构。
标题往往与段落的主题句或概括句有一定的关联，考生需要通过寻找关键词和词义的转换来确定答案。
4. 题型四：态度观点题态度观点题要求考生判断作者对某个观点或事物的态度。
解答这类题目时，考生需要根据作者在文章中表达的语气、词语和观点来确定答案。
移情、转折和强调等修辞手法往往能够揭示作者的态度和观点。
二、解题思路1. 预读全文在做四级阅读理解题时，首先需要快速预览全文，了解文章的主题和结构。
可以通过阅读标题和首段、末段等来获取整体意义，为后面具体题目的解答做好准备。
2. 标记关键词在阅读题目和文章时，要注意标记关键词。
关键词往往能够提示答案的位置和方向，对于细节支持题尤其重要。
可以用记号、底线等方式标记关键词，以便在解题时更快地找到答案。
3. 理解句意阅读理解题中的答案往往都隐藏在具体的语句中。
因此，在解答题目时，要仔细理解句子的含义，避免陷入死记硬背和表面理解的误区。
如果遇到较长的句子，可以拆分为几个独立的部分，逐步理解每个部分的含义。
大学英语四级决胜--阅读(3)新
决胜四级 -- 阅读（ 3 ）1It is hard to get any agreement on the accurate meaning of the term“ social class ” . In everyday life, people tend to have a different approach to those theyconsider their equals from that which they assume with people they consider higher or lower than themselves in the social scale. The criteria we useto “ place ” a new acquaintance( 熟人 ), however , are a complex mixture offactors. Dress, way of speaking, area of residence in a given city or province,education and manners all play a part.In Greece, after the sixth century B.C., there was a growing conflictbetweenthe peasants and the landed aristocrats( 贵族 ), and a gradual decrease in thepower of the aristocracy when a kind of “ middle class ” of traders and skilledworkers grew up. The population of Athens, for example, was divided into threemain classses which were politically and legally distinct. About one third of thetotal were slaves, who did not count politically at all, a fact often forgotten bythose who praise Athens as the nursery of democracy. The next main groupconsisted of resident foreigners, the “ metics ” , who were freemen, though theytwo were allowed no share in political life. The third group was the powerfulbody of “citizens ” , who were themselves divided into sub classes.In the later Middle Ages, however , the development of monetary economyand thegrowth of cities and trade led to the rise of another class, the “ burghers ” orcity merchants and mayors. These were the predecessors of the modern middleclasses. Gradually high office and occupation assumed importance indetermining social position, as it became more and more possible for a personborn to one station in life to move to another. This change affected the townsmore than the country areas, where remnants of feudalism lasted much longer .With the break up of the feudal economy, the increasing division of labour ,and the growing power of the town burghers( 公民 ), the commercial andprofessionalmiddle class became more and more important in Europe,and the olderprivilegedclass, the landed aristocracy, began to lose some of its power.1. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ____.A. to define the term social class does not involve much difficultyB. there is much alternation in people ’ s social classesC. to evaluate a person ’ s social class is a very complex procedureD. wecan tell which social class a person belongs to by the way he behaves2. In Line 5 Paragraph 1, “ criteria A.” most probably means ____.standards of judgement B. ways C.criticism D. characteristic3. The decline of the Greek aristocracy’s power in the sixth century B.C. was the result of ____.A. the conflicts between the peasants and the landed aristocratsB. the foreign residentsC. slavesD. the newly emerging middle class in the sixth century4. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE, according to the passage?A. Slaves in Greece in the sixth centuryB.C. were not politically significant.B. The “ burghers ” of the later Middle Ages constituted an entirely newsocial class.C. To some extent, social mobility can be attributed to the growth of trade.D. The new class made up of traders and executive officials of the laterMiddle Ages made the development of a money economy possible.5. The best title of the passage might be ____.A. The Criteria for Classifying Social GroupsB. Social ClassesC. Changes in Social SystemD. The Evolution of Human Society2It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first yearslargely determine his character and later personality. Every experience teachesthe child something and the effects are cumulative. “ Upbringing ” is normally used to refer to the treatment and training of the child within the home. This isclosely related to the treatment and training of the child in school, which isusually distinguished by the term “ education ” . In a society such as ours, both parents and teachers are responsible for the opportunities provided for the development of the child, so that upbringing and education are interdependent.The ideals and practices of child rearing vary from culture to culture.In general, the more rural the community, the more uniform are the customs ofchild upbringing. In more technologically developed societies, childhood and adolescence( 青春期 ) tends to be extended over resulting in more opportunity for education and greater variety development. the period of a long time, in characterEarly upbringing in the home is naturally affected both by the cultural patternof the commun ity and by the parents’ capabilities and their aims and dependsnot only on upbringing and education but also on the innate abilities of the child.Wide differences of innate intelligence and temperament exist even in childrenof the same family.Intelligent parents, however, realize that the particular setting of each familyis unique, and there can be no rigid(严格的) general rules. They use general information only as a guide in making decisions and solving problems.All parents have to solve the problems of freedom and discipline. The youngerthe child, the more readily the mother gives in to his demands to avoiddisappointing him. She knows that if his energies are not given an outlet, herchild ’ s continuing development may be warped.A child m ust be allowed to enjoy this“messy” but tactile stage of discoverybefore he is ready to go on to the less physical pleasures of toys and books.Similarly, throughout life, each stage depends on the satisfactory completion ofthe one before.6. It ’ s a general belief that a child’s later character and personality is ____decided by his early experiences both at home and in school.A. chieflyB. by chanceC. entirelyD. seldom7. The word“ cumulative” in Line 3 most probably means ____.A. decisiveB. extremely beneficialC. strongD. progressively greater8. It can be seen from the passage that ____.A. the cultural pattern is the single factor that affects a child ’s upbringing inthe homeB. by no means does the technological development of a community contribute to the development of children’ s characterC. there are advisable rules for parents to go by in bringing up their chIldrenD. upbringing and education are mutually complementary9. A child’ s development might well be adversely affected if ____.A. he were subjected to unusually strict disciplineB. his mother often gave in to his demandsC. his energies were freely given anoutlet environmentD. he were brought up in a happy10.As it is presented in the passage, rather than a smooth progression the development of the human character and personality is a series of ____.A. actsB. stagesC. functionsD. completions3It ’ s often hard for those of us who have achieved the status of honoured parent to appreciate quite how spoilt the children of the 1980s are when it comes toTV and films. Anything less than total visual perfection and watch out for troubleas you shuffle out through the doorway marked“ EXIT ” occasionally, so next time your child observes that, personally, he would have expected a decaying body to have had a somewhat greener colourthe ear and remind him that when you were young, people used to run out of the cinema . But we must be firm , seize him bycrying with terror as a cloth covered rubber gorilla sat on top of a cardboard skyscraper and snatched balsawood aeroplanes out of the sky.If any one man may be held responsible for this state of affairs then it mustbe Tony Dyson, creator of R2D2 in the film The Empire Strikes Backwere not for him, then film special effects would still be back in the farinnocent days of jerky paper dinosaurs. Brian Johnson, who was in charge of thespecial effects of The Empire Strikes Back, ordered not just one, but eight . If itoffeditions of the robot which was soon to win the hearts of audiences the worldover as R2D2. It took the Dyson workshop five months of frantic labour butthe order was met in time for the start of the shooting of the film.After the success of R2D2, other film and television work followed; a greatdeal for the Oxford Scientific Film series of wildlife documentaries.But Tony Dyson has always been an enthusiastic reader of science fiction,ever since childhood, and his old interest soon led him back to robots of one kind or another, and this time to robots for advertising purposes. Phil the robot was designed forPhilips domestic appliances and this two metre robot has appeared in children’ sTV programmes, in stores up and down the country, at exhibitions as well as intelevision commercials.Tony has now completed work on Harry, an animated advertising cartoon witha difference in that he holds conversations with his audiences.But his main interest at the moment is the launching of Droid Factory Ltd; a company setup specially to rent out promotional robots to marketing companies.11.Children nowadays are different from their parents in the way that ____.A. they cause trouble in cinemasB. they are more visually awareC. they have perfect eyesightD. they are more easy to spoil12.The writer suggests that parents should ____.A. encourage their children to see old filmsB. control their children by twisting their earsC. stand no nonsense from their childrenD. scare their children by taking them to horror films13.The importance of Tony Dyson to the cinema is ____.A. he was the first man to produce special effectsB. he changed people ’s expectations of special effectsC. he produced models of dinosaurs out of paperD. he created the film The Empire Strikes Back14.Dyson invented Phil the robot to ____.A. advertise a productB. make appearance on televisionC. be displayed in shopsD. appear at exhibitions15.Nowadays Dyson is mainly interested in ____.A. having conversations with robotsB. appearing in supermarketsC. selling promotional robotsD. establishing a company4In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious associations. The Olympian athletic festival, held every four years in honourof Zeus, eventually lost its local character , bacame first a national event, and then, afterthe rules against foreign competitors had been waived , international.No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go, but some officialrecords date from 776 B.C.The Games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus.Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece, but no woman wasadmitted even as a spectator. Slaves, women and dishonoured persons were notallowed to compete.The exact sequence of events is uncertain,but events included boys ’ gymnastics,horse racing, field events such as discus and javelin throwing, and the very important foot races. There was also boxing andwrestling and special tests of varied ability such as the pentathlon, the winner ofwhich excelled in running, jumping, discus and javelin throwing and wrestling.The evening of the third day was devoted to sacrificial offerings to the heroes ofthe day, and the fourth day, that of the full moon, was set aside as a holy day.On the sixth and last day, all the victors were crowned with holy garlands(花冠) of wild olive from a sacred wood. So great was the honour that the winner ofthe foot race gave his name to the year of his victory. Although Olympic winnersreceived no prize money, they were, in fact, richly rewarded by their state authorities. The public honour also made the strict discipline of the ten month training period worthwhile. In spite of the lengthy training, however runners were known to drop dead from strainat the winning post.After an uninterrupted history of almost1,200 years, the Games were abolishedin A.D. 394, the Christian era, because of their pagan(异教的) origin. It was over1,500 years before there was another such international athletics gathering.The Greek institution was revived in 1896 and the first small meeting took placein Athens. After the 1908 London Olympics, success was re established and nations sent their best representatives.In times of peace, the Games have taken place ever since at four yearly intervals.〖FK)〗[CSX][CSD]16.The first Olympic Games most probably took place ____.A. in 776B.C. B. in 394 A.D.C. before 776 B.C.D. 1,500 years ago17.The word“waived” in the first paragraph can be replaced by ____.A. appliedB. abolishedC. acceptedD. argued18.The order of athletic events at the ancient Olympic Games ____.A. was carefully plannedB. varied according to the phases of the moonC. was decided by authoritiesD. was not definitely set19.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. The ancient Olympic Games was originally held for religious purpose.B. During the ancient Games, the heroes were honored with sacrificialofferings on the evening before the moon was full.C. So rigorous and so exhausting was the training that some athletes diedof tiredness. D. The Games took place intermittently before 394 A.D.20.The best title for the passage might be ____.A. The Development of the Olympic GamesB. The History of the Olympic GamesC. The Origin of the Olympic GamesD. The Rules of the Olympic Games答案部分1本文讨论的是社会阶层。
四级阅读练习80篇详析
四级阅读理解80篇一．阅读理解概述大学英语四级考试阅读部分共有四篇短文，考试时间为35分钟。
每篇文章长度在250~300词左右，共有20题。
考试形式为多项选择题，要求考生根据文章内容从中选出最佳答案。
阅读理解占总分的40%，几乎达到总分的一半。
因此，考生对阅理解这一部分应有足够的重视。
阅读理解中的文章所涉及的题材十分广泛，但大致可分为两大类。
一类是人文社会方面的，诸如政治、经济、法律、历史、地理、文化、教育、人物、家庭、婚姻、伦理、犯罪以及交通、能源、环境等社会问题。
另一类是自然科学方面的，如动植物、生物、医学、地质、海洋、天文、空间技术及其它最新科技发展及其成果。
就文体而言，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文等。
记叙文记叙过去发生的事件和经历，包括传记、游记、报导、回忆录和故事等。
说明文说明客观事物和现象的特点和性能。
议论文是采用摆事实讲道理的方式来论说某一观点是否正确，由论点、论据与结论构成。
从历届四级考题来看，虽然各类题材和文体都有，但主要还是与科技内容有关的说明文与议论文。
阅读理解部分主要测试考生以下几方面的能力：1．掌握所读文章的主旨和中心大意；2．了解说明中心大意的事实和有关细节；3．根据上下文判断词汇和短语的具体含义；4．既能理解单个句子的意思，又能判断句与句之间存在的逻辑关系；5．既能理解字面的意思，也能根据所读材料进行一定的分析、判断和推论；6．领会作者的观点和态度。
由此可见，要想在阅读理解这一部分取得较佳成绩，考生除了要有一定的词汇短语及语法知识作基础外，还必须具有一定的快速阅读能力和分析、理解、判断以及推理的能力。
这些能力是可以通过大量的阅读实践和一定的方法指导，逐步得到提高的。
二．阅读理解题目的类型及解题方法很多同学在做阅读理解题时都有这样的经验，即使在能读懂文章的情况下，有时也难免选错答案，其中一个重要原因，是没有把握住阅读理解题的一些基本特征。
四级考试阅读部分的题型主要有以下四种类型，各有其出题的目的与解题方法，现分别介绍如下：1．主旨题主旨题是阅读理解中每次必考的问题类型之一，其目的在于考查考生是否能把握所读文章的主旨和中心大意。
全国英语等级考试pets四级阅读经典试题详解
全国英语等级考试pets四级阅读经典试题详解全国英语等级考试pets四级阅读经典试题详解Please the eye and plague the heart.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的全国英语等级考试pets四级阅读经典试题，希望能给大家带来帮助!If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition —wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny —must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition — if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped — with the educated themselves riding on them.Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs —the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; thejournalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.1. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if ____.A. its returns well compensate for the sacrificesB. it is rewarded with money, fame and powerC. its goals are spiritual rather than materialD. it is shared by the rich and the famous2. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is ____.A. customary of the educated to discard ambition in wordsB. too late to check ambition once it has been let outC. dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goalD. impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits fromambition3. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because ____.A. they think of it as immoralB. their pursuits are not fame or wealthC. ambition is not closely related to material benefitsD. they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible4. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained ____.A. secretly and vigorouslyB. openly and enthusiasticallyC. easily and momentarilyD. verbally and spiritually参考答案：ACDB。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
|
||生活|
一个人总要走陌生的路，看陌生的风景，听陌生的歌，然后在某个不经意的瞬间，你会发现，原本费尽心机想要忘记的事情真的就这么忘记了..
|-----郭敬明
大学英语四级强化——阅读理解
阅读理解基础
❆词汇量：300~400个
❆句子：
☞多重复合句
☞并列句：but，主语and主语
阅读题型
1.主题题——对应文章的主题所在，题干有明显可辨认特征
特征：main——写作目的和标题
文章主题在第一、二段，段落主题在段落第一、二句以及末句
只要有development出现就是主题，history / predict / forecast出现极大可能不对2.细节题——占题目的绝大多数（80%）左右，对应文章细节部分的内容
Keyword关键词
名词：人名、具体年份、确切数字
动词
形容词、副词
上一题用过的词不要再用
3.推理题——与细节题类似的一种题型，一般需要根据文章内容作简单推理
一般推理：imply、infer
指代题（refer）：it/them
4.词汇题——考核对于英文词汇在句子中的含义或把握篇章里的寓意
构词
动词尾巴（副词和介词）
相似结构
5.态度题——考查作者的写作态度或作者对于文章某描述内容的态度
方法：排除相同态度和非表态的选项，然后根据文章主题选择
态度词汇：
赞成：optimistic
反对：critical
中立：objective
非表态：arbitrary
6.文章结构题——有部分四级文章属于节选文章，此题型考核对于文章结构和写作整体的
理解
7.应用题——给予文章以外的情况，要求套用文章当中的理论进行推理
阅读方式
✌扫描（scan）⇨主题词（theme word）
扫描的目的是用浏览全文的方法了解文章的大意和主题思想，并对文章的结构有个总的概念。
扫描时，应特别注意文章的重点，以及篇章中的主题词（theme word），因为它们往往是出题的地方，解题的关键。
✌跳读（skip）⇨缺省阅读部分（non-question parts）
找到文章中的无关范围以后，即在用符号标记，不要浪费时间阅读。
就算有难题，需要再次阅读文章内容，而且要通过推理、判断，弄清楚文章中“字里行间”潜在的意思。
可借助这个手段，减少阅读分量，加强对重点的分析，以达到针对题目的透彻理解。
题目做完，文章不看
第二段首句，否定第一段，第一段不看，除非考词汇题
例子：（特例）name + feature / if you … I …
插入语：“…”，…，
连续地点状语
according to 表消息来源
“…”，name …，“…”
做题步骤
A.浏览题目，在细节题题干中找keyword
B.scan & skip
C.标记（句子、词组）
D.选项分析
E.四项基本原则：因果、条件、比较、指代
F.重点句：全文、各段首末句
首段（首句）非主题句的情况
❆But
❆虚拟语气
❆二段否定
主题通常看三句，难题以此为依据，首段首末句二段首句。
关于文章开头的题目，要注意看第一句和第二句的结构连接词。
写作目的题
写作目的=写作动机+主题词（to+V.）=目标读者+主题词
写作目的=
标题题：范围过大过小都是错误的
实验型文章
实验目的就是文章的主题（to+V）
主要考查的是做实验的人
实验的结果
✆直接结果：find , discover , notice , observation , identify
✆间接结果：
分类文章
✉分几类就有几个主题
✉各类的主题词和特征
✉多余段落例证哪一类
科技成果型文章
♍新成果为正评价，老成果为负评价
♍新老成果各自的技术特点
♍新成果正评价的原因，老成果负评价的原因
一个词在文中与选项的词性不同，以及双引号的添或删，该选项几乎100%错
绝对化选项大部分都错：no one（no + n）, only , never , none , neither , any , all , every , need not
A but/yet B形式在文中出现时，关于该内容的考题，正确选项中应同时出现A和B。
如果题目问起事物的两个方面（用复数形式或提问），答案对应文章中的两个方面列举
A and B⇨A but
B / A yet B
1st , 2nd
more , most⇨most , but+more
相似结构``暗示相同含义
考点关键词：
1.带有比较意义的定位词：
♉比较级：-er , more
♉最高级：-est , most , major
♉比较句型：as…as
♉比较词汇：differ , like
2.表唯一性的词汇：only , sole , unique
3.有比较意义的特殊词：first , foremost , chief
指代原则
1.往前找
2.找：性，数，格，逻辑和位置上与该代词位置上的接近的名词和代词
3.such , it , this , that可能指代单数名词，也可指代整句话
变化的概念：
change：1变2
alter：改很少一部分
vary：1，2，3变4，5，6
忍受的概念：
stand
withstand
abide
endure
bear
put up with
观点的概念：
opinion
view
idea
条件原则
1.条件词：if , when , assuming , depend on , rely
2.注意条件词后的内容，和列举的某一项
3.注意无聊选项
对比文章
对比的两方面是文章的主题
抓住两个观点，抓住作者观点中立调和支持一边反对另一边
因果关系
1.表现形式：because
2.隐性因果：段落前两句有all this
3.显性：
名词：reason , cause , basis , result , consequence
动词：cause , base on , result in/from
连词：because , therefore , hence , thus , so （that）, since , as , for , herewith 副词：consequently
简答题
词或短语可以回答的，抄原文
五个字以内的句子，抄原文
超过十个字的句子，动词代替动词词组，或名词代替名词词组，其他抄原文
翻译题
寻找句子语言背景
划出给分点：名词短语、动词短语、特殊结构
确定中文的主谓宾
把握原则，连接句子：修饰语前置
定语从句
限制性：长（7~8短：that 非限制性：…，which
比较结构
比较级变成最高级：no more … than … 最……莫过于……
no more than 只不过
more than 非常
not more than 差不多，并不比……怎样，和……一样
被动⇨表语（“的”字短语）或直接被动，无、泛主语（大家、人们、我们）
错误选项特征
副词有差异：如程度副词often ⇨always
名词有差异：词性改变：major , detail , patient , sound
单复数：单变复，多了“s ”
二次推断（错推）：自己的经验套到文章中理解
串段选项：前串后
无关（无厘头）选项
片面选项：非A but B , A yet B （选项中A 、B 不能同时出现）
矛盾选项：but ——正确或者和选项内容相反
绝对化选项：all , every , any , none , forever , never , absolute , only 注意：only to （仅仅想
到）， no + adj + n ，不是绝对化选项
正确选项的特征
may , maybe , possibly 对的几率为80%
“theme ” ⇨主题词
原文内容改写。