Chapter VII-VIII part2

Britain recognized the independence of the United States.
The storming of the Bastille, 14 July 1789
II. The French Revolution
1. Breakout in 1789 with the guide by “The Rights of Man” 2.Different attitudes to the French Revolution A. The English radicals sympathized with it. B. The British government took reactionary measures. (The bourgeoisie profited from the struggle, but the people suffered misery.)
Before the Revolution: The Thirteen Colonies are in pink
A. the Navigation Acts 1651 航海法 to increase the prosperity of English merchants and shipbuilders. They prohibited exporting articles to any other country and forbade importation of any European goods.
Intolerable Acts /Coercive Acts
a series of laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 relating to Britain's colonies in North America Four of the acts were issued in direct response to the Boston Tea Party of December 1773 the British Parliament hoped these punitive measures would reverse the trend of colonial resistance to parliamentary authority closed Boston's commerce until the British East India Company had been repaid for the destroyed tea
B. In the beginning the British army was in a favorable condition.
The Second Continental Congress , beginning on May 10, 1775, in Philadelphia
C. The United States Declaration of
B. Stamped Paper Act 1765 印花税法 requiring the use in colonies of stamped paper for newspapers, pamphlets, and legal documents. This tax provoked anger and violence.
Independence
a statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great t states, and thus no longer a part of the British Empire. Written primarily by Thomas Jefferson It encouraged the American colonists.
Chapter VII The Industrial Revolution, the American and French Revolutions
As the Industrial Revolution developed British manufactured output surged ahead of other economies
The acts are named for Charles Townshend, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, who proposed the program.
The Townshend Acts 唐森德税法
were a series of laws passed beginning in 1767 by the Parliament of Great Britain relating to the British colonies in North America. The purpose of the ~~ was to raise revenue in the colonies to pay the salaries of governors and judges so that they would be independent of colonial rule.
3. The end of the French Revolution
Napoleon was defeated by the allies under Wellington at Waterloo in 1815.
4.Congress of Vienna --divide the spoils of victory A. England obtained colonies from Spain, Dutch and France. B. England was ready to manufacture for the Continent and the colonies.
The battles marked the outbreak of open armed conflict between the UK and its thirteen colonies in the mainland of British North America.
—— described the first shot fired as the "shot heard 'round the world."
3. Breakout of the war
A. Battles of Lexington： 来克星顿枪声 In April 19 ,1775
About 700 British Army regulars were given secret orders to capture and destroy military supplies that were reportedly stored by the Massachusetts militia. The first shots were fired just as the sun was rising at Lexington.
1. Definition
IV. The Industrial Revolution
During the latter half of the eighteenth century, a rapid series of extensive changes began, especially in the field of manufacturing. There were so many new inventions that the whole series of changes is often described as the “Industrial Revolution”.
I. The American Revolution （1775 - 1783） ） 美国独立战争
The American Revolutionary War American War of Independence Revolutionary War began as a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and thirteen British colonies in North America, and ended in a global war between several European great powers.
III. Prerequisites for the Industrial Revolution
1. The conditions: the accumulation of capital the development of capitalist farming the appearance of a labor reserve the expansion of markets, domestic and foreign
1. Background The English capitalists and landlords stifled the American Colonies’ independent economic and political growth. They set up all kinds of laws to make these colonies become their markets for raw materials and for industrial goods.
Boston Massacre 波士顿惨案
also known as the Boston riot an incident on March 5, 1770, in which British redcoats killed five civilian men. It helped spark the rebellion in some of the British American colonies, which culminated in the American Revolutionary War.