微机控制的电除尘器高压电源系统设计

关键词：环境保护；电除尘；控制系统；火花响应；电晕功率
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: Environmental protection is an important measure of sustainable development strategy combating air pollution and reducing harmful gas emissions enterprises, what is of great practical significance to high-speed industrial development China today. With the atmospheric emissions of old industrial and mining enterprises’ over proof and the large Emergence of new enterprises, our country’s environmental situation is very serious, and that is also significant obstacles to the economic and social development in rapid economic development stage. To achieve the national air emissions standards promulgated in 2004, we must use the high-performance ESP control system. Therefore, the research and development of dust control system is not only the requirements of national environmental standards, but also is an inevitable sustainable development trend. That not only builds a blue water and blue sky for the human environmental protection enterprise, moreover brings the economic efficiency and the social efficiency harvests. This thesis mainly takes microcomputer as core to the single-phase power control system. After summarized the electricity dust technology’s development history and the topic background, it introduced the constitution and the basic principle of electrostatic precipitator and discussed the electrical characteristics of control system as well as, analyzed power supply’s technique crux and the key within system design. Through a large number of experiments, the thesis validates the feasibility of the spark control algorithms, puts forward the various control modes against the complex conditions of electric field, completes a single-phase power control system with hardware and software design,additional,indepth analysises the common Issues and specific solutions in the design and debugging process. The high voltage control systems not only has the regular function of controlling and checking, but also adds some new features and functions as that can track the highest running power pressure automatically. Particularly in the complicated and changeable conditions and high-precision control situations, the high voltage control system through the accurate spark response, can significantly improve the corona power and collection efficiency.Finally,the paper, based on the actual scene of the whole system's debugging methods and the technical processes, has made theory verify single-phase power-supply control system’s feasibility and combine organic with practice reasonable.
中文摘要
中 文 摘
要
环境保护是我国可持续发展战略的重要举措，防治大气污染，降低企业的有害 气体排放，这在我国工业高速度发展的今天，具有十分重要的现实意义。我国正处 于经济高速发展阶段，原有的工矿企业大气排放远远超标，新建企业又大量涌现， 使我国的环境污染形势十分严重，极大地障碍了经济和社会的发展。要达到 2004 年 国家最新颁布的大气排放标准要求， 电除尘设备必须采用高性能的电控系统。 因此， 研究开发高效电除尘控制系统既是国家环境保护标准的要求，也是可持续发展的必 然趋势。不仅为人类环保事业营造出一片碧水蓝天，而且可以带来经济效益和社会 效益的双重收获。 本文的主要工作是开发以单片机为控制核心的电源控制系统。论文首先简述了 电除尘技术的历史发展和课题背景，介绍了除尘工艺的基本原理和组成，讨论了控 制系统的电气特性，分析了电源系统设计中控制技术的难点和重点。通过大量的研 究实验，提出了火花控制算法，并且针对电场复杂工况的多种控制模式，完成了电 源控制系统的软硬件设计， 深入分析了设计与调试中的常见问题和具体的解决方法。 本电源控制系统的设计不仅具有常规的控制方式与检测功能，而且增加了自动跟踪 最高运行电压等功能。特别是在工况复杂多变，控制精度要求高的情况下，电源控 制系统通过精确的火花响应控制， 能够显著地提高电除尘器的电晕功率和除尘效率。 最后，论文介绍了实际现场中整机系统的调试和工艺流程，不仅使理论与实践有机 的结合在一起，而且验证了电源控制系统方案的可行性。
Key Words：environmental protection ESP； control response； spark control； corona power
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目
录
目
录பைடு நூலகம்
中 文 摘 要 ............................................................................................................... ii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................. iii 1. 绪论 ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 选题背景及意义 ............................................................................................... 1 1.2 电除尘技术的发展历史 .................................................................................... 1 1.2.1 电除尘技术的产生 .................................................................................. 1 1.2.2 电除尘技术的发展 .................................................................................. 2 1.3 电除尘器面临的问题 ........................................................................................ 2 1.4 控制技术的研究重点 ........................................................................................ 3 1.5 本文的主要工作 ................................................................................................ 3 2. 电除尘器的工作原理 ............................................................................................. 4 2.1 电除尘器的特点及应用前景 ............................................................................ 4 2.1.1 电除尘器的优点及缺陷 .......................................................................... 4 2.1.2 电除尘器的应用前景 .............................................................................. 4 2.2 电除尘器的分类及结构 .................................................................................... 5 2.2.1 电除尘器的分类 ...................................................................................... 5 2.2.2 电除尘器的总体结构 .............................................................................. 5 2.3 电除尘器的工作原理及除尘过程 .................................................................... 8 2.3.1 收尘效率的理论研究 .............................................................................. 8 2.3.2 除尘的主要部件及物理原理 .................................................................. 9 2.3.2 除尘基本过程 ........................................................................................ 10 2.4 影响除尘效率的主要因素 .............................................................................. 12 2.4.1 火花放电对除尘效率的影响 ................................................................ 12 2.4.2 电源波形对除尘效率的影响 ................................................................ 12 2.4.3 粉尘比电阻对除尘效率的影响 ............................................................ 13 2.4.4 振打系统对除尘效率的影响 ................................................................ 15 3. 电除尘控制系统的总体设计 ............................................................................... 16 3.1 引言 .................................................................................................................. 16 3.2 电除尘控制系统的组成 .................................................................................. 16 3.3 电除尘控制系统的高压设计 .......................................................................... 17 3.3.1 硅整流调压工作原理及结构特性 ........................................................ 17 3.3.2 硅整流调压驱动方式 ............................................................................ 20 3.3.3 电除尘控制系统的高压回路设计 ........................................................ 23 3.4 电除尘控制系统的低压设计 .......................................................................... 24 3.4.1 电磁振打器结构 .................................................................................... 24 3.4.2 电磁振打器工作原理 ............................................................................ 24 3.5 电除尘器的防爆控制 ...................................................................................... 25 3.5.1 氧气含量的控制 .................................................................................... 26 3.5.2 点火能量的控制 .................................................................................... 26 5. 电除尘控制系统的硬件设计 ........................................................................... 28 4.1 引言 .................................................................................................................. 28