2011年职称英语理工类考试每日一练

1 It is difficult to assess the importance of the decision.A evaluateB commentC discussD report2 You must try to wipe out the memory of these horrible events.A strangeB terribleC unusualD unfair3 He spoke in such a pleasant manner that I felt at ease with him at once.A confidentB relaxingC formalD comfortable4 He worked so hard that eventually he fell ill.A thenB surelyC finallyD recently5 He thought it better to begin working immediately.A at onceB recentlyC earlyD rapidly6 As the headmaster made a long speech, the ceremony was prolonged by ten minutes.A quickenedB enlargedC enrichedD lengthened7 The animals in Australia are vastly different from those in EuropeA chieflyB greatlyC mainlyD totally8 Poor people can't always live in decent conditionsA popularB famousC favoriteD acceptable9 Many people have the illusion that wealth is the chief source of happiness.A firm beliefB outlookC false ideaD vision10 When she was invited to dinner, she readily acceptedA suddenlyB firmlyC reallyD willingly11 The manager gave us the identical cottage each summer.A temporaryB similarC sameD attractive12 Mary has derived a good deal of benefit from her job.A obtainedB acceptedC bribedD produced13 He is charming; nevertheless, I don't quite trust him.A howeverB thereforeC despiteD afterwards14 Her behaviour is extremely childish.A simpleB immatureC beautifulD pretty15 Even in a modernized country, manual work is still needed.A hardB mentalC simpleD physical阅读判断Where Has the Salt Come from?Every now and then, we meet a fact about our earth that makes us feel strange and no answer for the fact has yet been found. Such a fact is the existence of salt in the oceans. How did it get there?We simply do not know how the salt got into the ocean! We do know, of course, that salt is water-soluble, and so passes into the oceans with rainwater. The salt of the earth's surface is constantly being dissolved （溶解） and is passing into the ocean.But we do not know whether this can explain the huge quantity of salt in oceans, if all the oceans were dried up, enough salt would be left to build a wall 180 miles high anda mile thick. Such a wall would reach once around the world at the Equator （赤道）!The common salt that we all use is produced from seawater or the water of salt lakes, from salt springs （源泉） and from deposits of rock salt. The concentration （浓度） of salt in seawater ranges from about three per cent to three-and-one-half percent. The Dead Sea, which covers an area of about 340 square miles, contains about 11,600,000,000 tons of salt!On the average, a gallon （加仑） of seawater contains about a quarter of a pound of salt. The beds of rock salt that are found in various parts of the world were all originally formed by the evaporation （蒸发） of seawater millions of years ago. It is believed that the thick rock-salt deposits were formed after about nine-tenth of the volume of seawater had been evaporated.Most commercial salt is obtained from rock salt. The usual method is to drill wells （井） down to the salt beds. Pure "water is pumped down （抽进去） through a pipe. The water dissolves the salt and it is forced through another pipe up to the surface.16 We have not fully understood how salt got into the ocean.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned17 The author is sure that the dissolved salt from the earth's surface is the only source of the huge quantity of salt found in oceans.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned18 If all the oceans were dried up, the salt thus obtained would be extremely great in size.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned19 The percentage of salt content in the Red Sea is higher than that in the Dead Sea.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20 Beds of rock salt are found in every part of the world.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned21 After evaporation, about ten percent of seawater becomes rock salt.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22 Most commercial salt is obtained from seawater.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned概括大意DVD for Rent1 A pay-for-play system for video DVD will emerge by summer as an alternative, and possibly a competitor, to the DVD format currently available.2 The new system, called Digital Video Express （Divx）, operates like a DVD player, except for the specially coded discs. These will cost $5 for initial viewing over a 48-hour period and can be viewed again for additional fees and even purchased for unlimited viewing.3 Divx combines the service of a video rental （出租的） store with the operation ofa pay-per-view "IV channel. Unlike a rented videotape, though, the Divx disc needn't be returned. Customers can retain the disc for replay in the future at an additional fee, orsimply throw it away.4 Subsequent plays, or the purchase of unlimited-viewing rights, are billed to the customer's Divx account and charged to a credit card. The player's built-in memory keeps track of all Divx plays, and sends this information by toll-free phone modem （调制解调器） to the Divx record-keeping centre. Each Divx disc and player has a unique identification code, so the system knows which discs have been played and where.5 Some Divx discs could be converted for unlimited play at a price likely to be lower than buying a conventional DVD. Others, called Divx Gold, would be sold from the beginning for unlimited play without further charge. Although conventional DVDs will run in a Divx player, conventional DVD players will lack the decoding （解码） and communications ability to play Divx discs. Divx players will be offered by Panasonic, RCA, and Zenith.6 About 100 discs will be available initially from Disney, Dreamworks, Paramount, and Universal, growing to 500 titles within a year. Other film makers have yet to adopt the Divx system, which is owned by retailer Circuit City, the 350-store electronics chain that bankrolled （提供资金）its development.1 Paragraph2 .2 Paragraph3 .3 Paragraph4 .4 Paragraph5 .A Booming Business of Circuit CityB Superior Quality of Conventional DVD DiscsC The New System Called DivxD Unlimited Play of Divx DiscsE Disc-play Tracking and Billing SystemsF Two Functions Combined5 The Divx disc is different from the rented videotape in that once offered, the Divx disc .6 Every Divx disc has a special code so that the rental shop can identify whichdisc .7 If converted for unlimited use, the Divx disc .8 The conventional DVD player cannot play any Divx disc because the disc .A will not be taken back by the shopB is specially codedC is bankrolled by Panasonic, etcD is likely to be cheaper than the conventional DVD discE has been played and whereF is owned by retailer Circuit City阅读理解TapeStore: A New Tape Storage SystemTapeStore is a new kind of tape storage system which can store up to 6,000 computer tapes. No other tape storage system can hold as many computer tapes as TapeStore. The tapes look exactly like video cassettes. Many hundreds of data files can be stored on each tape, up to a maximum of 500 million bytes （字节） of data. If you stored the same amount of information on paper, you would "need nearly 4.5 billion printed pages.The machine is a tall black box with a mechanical arm. The machine is 2.5 metres high and 3.0 metres wide. This is how it works. Each tape has a code printed on it. You feed the code number into TapeStore, which then looks for the code. As soon as TapeStore locates the code, the arm reaches in and pulls out the tape.The system is very fast. It takes the mechanical arm about 10 seconds to find the tape it is looking for. The machine then searches the tape to extract （提取） the required file, and this takes less than a minute. A human technician would have to locate and remove the tape by hand, and could take at least an hour to find the right file on the tape.Some of the world's biggest companies, including banks, insurance companies, airlines, telephone companies, utilities and computer centres, have bought the system.They like it particularly because the system guarantees the security of their data.TapeStore was originally developed in Canada and is now being marketed worldwide. In Europe alone, 750 have already been installed at a cost of 480,000 dollars each.1 TapeStore is better than any other storage system becauseA it can store more video cassettes.B itis extremely small.C it stores more tapes.D it stores data files on the same tape.2 The mechanical arm finds a tape byA recording the file name on the tape.B identifying the printed code on the tapeC looking for its file name.D searching for the tape number.3 The TapeStore system is popular among big companies mainly becauseA it costs less than a skilled worker.B it looks impressive.C the information it stores is valuable.D it ensures the safety of their data.4 Which of the following statements about TapeStore is NOT true?A It can store a large amount of information.B It is very cheap.C It is very fast.D It is secure.5 The word "marketed' in the last paragraph can be replaced byA installed.B used.C promoted.D designed.第二篇The Cherokee NationLong before the white man came to America, the land belonged to the American Indian nations. The nation of the Cherokees lived in what is now the southeastern part of the United States.After the white man came, the Cherokees copied many of their ways. One Cherokee named Sequoyah saw how important reading and writing were to the white man. He decided to invent a way to write down the spoken Cherokee language. He began by making word pictures. For each word he drew a picture. But that proved impossible - there were just too many words. Then he took the 85 sounds that made up the language. Using his own imagination and an English spelling book, Sequoyah invented a sign for each sound. His alphabet proved amazingly easy to learn. Before long, many Cherokees knew how to read and write in their own language. By 1828, they were even printing their own newspaper.In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed a law. It allowed the government to remove Indians from their lands. The Cherokees refused to go. They had lived on their lands for centuries. It belonged to them. Why should they go to a strange land far beyond the Mississippi River?The army was sent to drive the Cherokees out. Soldiers surrounded their villages and marched them at gunpoint （在枪口的威胁下） into the western territory. The sick, the old and the small children went in carts, along with their belongings. The rest of the people marched on foot or rode on horseback. It was November, yet many of them still wore their summer clothes. Cold and hungry, the Cherokees were quickly exhausted by the hardships of the journey. Many dropped dead and were buried by the roadside. When the last group arrived in their new home in March 1839, more than 4,000 had died. It was indeed a march of death.6 The Cherokees used to liveA by the roadside.B in the southeastern part of the US.C beyond the Mississippi River.D in the western territory.7 Which of the following statements about Sequoyah is NOT true?A He was imaginative.B He was an Indian.C He was a white man.D He wrote down the spoken Cherokee language.8 A law was passed in 1830 toA allow the Cherokees to stay where they were.B stop the Cherokees using their own language.C force the Cherokees to move westward.D forbid the Cherokees to print their own newspaper.9 The Cherokees went to their new landsA in carts.B on horseback.C on foot.D all of the above.10 The word "exhausted' in the last paragraph could be best replaced byA worn out.B ended up.C run out.D finished up.第三篇Pool WatchSwimmers can drown in busy swimming pools when lifeguards fail to notice that they are in trouble. A report says that on average 15 people drown in British pools each year, but many more suffer major injury after getting into difficulties. Now a French company has developed an artificial intelligence system called Poseidon that sounds the alarm when it sees someone in danger of drowning.When a swimmer sinks towards the bottom of the pool, the new system sends an alarm signal to a poolside monitoring station and a lifeguard's pager （呼机）. In trials at a pool in Ancenis, near Nantes, it saved a life within just a few months, says Alistair McQuade, a spokesman for its maker, Poseidon Technologies.Poseidon keeps watch through a network of underwater and overhead video cameras. AI software analyses the images to work out swimmers' trajectories （轨迹）. To do this reliably, it has to tell the difference between a swimmer and the shadow of someone being cast onto the bottom or side of the pool.It does the same with an image from another camera viewing the shape from a different angle. If the two projections are in the same position, the shape is identified as a shadow and is ignored. But if they are different, the shape is a swimmer and so the system follows its trajectory.To pick out potential drowning victims, anyone in the water who starts to descend slowly is added to the software's "pre-alert" （预先警戒） list, says McQuade. Swimmers who then stay immobile on the pool bottom for 5 seconds or more are considered in danger of drowning. Poseidon double-checks that the image really is of a swimmer, not a shadow, by seeing whether it obscures （使模糊） the pool's floor texture when viewed from overhead. If so, it alerts the lifeguard, showing the swimmer's location on a poolside screen.The first full-scale Poseidon system will be officially opened next week at a pool in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire. One man who is impressed with the idea is Travor Baylis, inventor of the clockwork （时钟装置） radio. Baylis runs a company that installs swimming pools - and he was once an underwater escapologist （脱身杂技演员） with a circus （马戏团）. "1 say full marks to them if this works and can save lives," he says.11 AI means the same asA an image.B an idea.C anything immobile.D artificial intelligence12 To save a life, AI software must be able toA descend in the water.B videotape every movement.C distinguish between a swimmer and a shadowD save a life within a few months.13 How does Poseidon save a life?A It orders an underwater robot to rescue the drowning swimmer.B It alerts the lifeguard.C It displays the swimmer's shadow on the screen.D It watches the pool through dozens of overhead cameras.14 Which of the following statements about Travor Baylis is NOT true?A He owns a swimming pool.B He invented the clockwork radio.C He was once an entertainer.D He runs a company.15 How does Baylis look at the Poseidon system?A He thinks it is too expensive.B He thinks it is a good system.C He thinks it is not efficient enough.D He thinks it is as good as the British pool Watch system.补全短文LandminesWorldwide there are estimated to be 120 million landmines （地雷） spread through 62 countries. ＿＿＿＿＿（1） The United Nations is currently involved in 14 mine-clearing operations around the world but it estimates that, at current rate, it will take 1,000"years to remove all the world's landmines.Landmines are a favorable weapon because they cost so little to produce - about 3 pounds per mine. ＿＿＿＿＿（2）Landmines cause the death or injury of 70 people a day, of whom most are civilians. ＿＿＿＿＿（3） In fact, about half the landmines active today lie in unmarked fields, in countries no longer in conflict.And landmines do not only kill and maim （使残废）; they also hold back economic development. In Afghanistan, for example, where the former Soviet Army laid down an estimated ten million landmines, more than half of the land which could be cultivated for agriculture is useless because it is so heavily mined. According to Eileen Maybin of the Charity Christian Aid, mines also condemn people to relying on overseas aid - aid which is often provided by governments which provided the landmines in the first place:"＿＿＿＿＿（4） Because there are landmines on agricultural land, people are actually dependent on food aid. This is one of the ironies of the situation - that governments are providing money for food aid when, if the mines were cleared, people would be able to feed themselves."Forty-nine countries have so far signed the United Nations Inhumane Weapons Convention, which restricts the manufacture and export of landmines. ＿＿＿＿＿（5） But some signatories （签约国） of the UN Convention, such as the UK, continue to support the manufacture andexport of these weapons. The British Government says that it won't support a complete ban because it considers the landmine a legitimate （合法的） military weapon if it is used responsibly.A A further 19 countries, including the USA, France, Germany and Japan, have banned all exports of landmines completely.B However, the cost of locating and removing them is high - between 300 pounds and 700 pounds per mine.C A recent UN gathering of world leaders in Vienna, Austria, failed to secure a complete ban on the manufacture and sale of landmines.D And every year, for every 100,000 mines removed, another two million are put down.E Landmines are actually destroying the social fabric and economic independence of countries.F And many of the casualties occur in countries where war has long since ended.完形填空China to Help Europe Develop GPS RivalChina is to contribute to a new global satellite navigation system being developed by European nations. The Galileo satellite system will ＿＿＿＿＿（1） a more accurate civilian alternative to the Global Positioning System （GPS）, operated by the US military. China will provide 230m Euros in funding and will ＿＿＿＿＿（2） with technical, manufacturing and market development.A new center that will coordinate co-operation will be set ＿＿＿＿＿（3） at Beijing University. China has a substantial satellite launch industry and could potentially help ＿＿＿＿＿（4） the Galileo satellites.The US has claimed that Galileo could interfere with the US with ＿＿＿＿＿（5） to downgrade the GPS service during military conflicts. European officials say this is unfounded （无根据的） and counter that US opposition is caused by the commercial challenge Galileo would present to GPS. Galileo will be ＿＿＿＿＿（6） to within a meter, while the civilian GPS service is accurate to around 10 meters.The Galileo satellite constellation （卫星集群） will consist of 27 operational and three reserve satellites ＿＿＿＿＿（7） the Earth at an altitude of 23,600 kin. The satellites will be strung along three medium-Earth orbits at 56 degrees inclination （倾斜）＿＿＿＿＿（8） the equator （赤道） and will provide global coverage. The system should be ＿＿＿＿＿（9） by 2008 and the entire project is expected to cost around 3.2 billion Euros……The European Commission has said Galileo will ＿＿＿＿＿（10） be used for transportation technology, scientific research, land management and disaster monitoring.Galileo will provide two ＿＿＿＿＿（11）; a standard civilian one and an encrypted （把……编码）, wide-band signal called the Public Regulated Service （PRS）. This second signal is ＿＿＿＿＿（12） to endure localized jamming and will be used by police and militaryservices in Europe.The first Galileo satellite is ＿＿＿＿＿（13） to launch late in 2004. Clocks on board the satellites will be synchronized （同步） through 20 ground sensors （传感器） stations, two command centers and 15 uplink （上传） stations.Receivers on the ground will use time signals from the satellites to precisely calculate their ＿＿＿＿＿（14）. A =search and rescue" function will also let distress signals be ＿＿＿＿＿（15） through the constellation of satellites.1 A set B represent C offer D indicate2 A cooperate B install C prevent D protect3 A off B with C in D up4 A broadcast B launch C put D use5 A ability B service C system D channel6 A open B likely C different D precise7 A getting B considering C orbiting D improving8 A to B in C along D beside9 A operational B complex C advanced D cheap10 A correctly B ironically C strangely D primarily11 A channels B signals C directions D functions12 A brought B taken C designed D protected13 A told B scheduled C considered D allowed14 A quality B colour C weight D location15 A set B responded C transmitted D converted。