陕西省西安市远东第一中学高中任务型阅读知识点和相关练习试题

一、高中英语任务型阅读
1．任务型阅读
Stephen Covey's book The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People is very popular among business people who want to improve their careers.________For example,Covey's principles can be used to improve relationships between parents and children or to improve the way you manage your time.
Covey begins by discussing habits and effectiveness,and why they are both important to success.According to Covey,for an action,such as listening to others,to become a habit,you must know what to do and why you should do it.However,you also must want to do.On the other hand,effectiveness means having a balance between success and a good relationship with the people around you.________However,if the company does not respect its workers,the profits will eventually decline.
________The first three habits focus on personal growth.The next three habits are about how to get along with others.The seventh habit shows how to achieve physical,emotional and mental health.
Covey includes exercises to help you analyse your life.He challenges you to identify what you want to contribute to society in your lifetime.He does this by asking you to think about what people to say about you after you die________For example,if you want your children to say that you were always willing to spend time with them, then you will spend more time with them and less time at work________
A.It has the potential to really improve your life.
B.In this way,you can challenge yourself to make your dreams and ambitions come true.
C.However,its principles can be applied to any area of life.
D.In order to be successful,you must have habits that make you able to deal effectively with others and your own personal life.
E.For example,a company might focus completely on making a profit.
F.Your answer to this question will help you make better decisions about how to spend your time.
G.Covey also introduces the seven habits of highly effective people.
【答案】C；E；G；F；B
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍Covey原理的内容和这一原理具体适用于生活的很多领域，尤其是一些商业人士更青睐它。

(1)考查上下文推理能力。

根据下句的举例应该是对上句话的举例说明，下句意思是说Covey法则可以用在不同的领域，C项意思是：然而，它的原理可以应用于生活的任何领域。

符合语境。

故选C.
(2)考查上下文推理能力。

根据前一句提到效率意味着在成功和与你周围的人建立良好关系之间取得平衡，后一句提到如果公司不尊重员工，推知设空处应该涉及到公司关注点不在员工身上。

E项意思是：例如，一家公司可能完全专注于盈利。

符合语境。

故选E.
(3)考查上下文推理能力。

根据下文提到“The first three habits”，“The next three habits”和“The seventh habit”可知这一段提到七个习惯。

G项意思是：Covey还介绍了高效人士的七
个习惯。

符合语境。

故选G.
(4)考查上下文推理能力。

根据上句涉及到“让你思考在你死后人们会对你说些什么”，F项意思是：你对这个问题的回答将帮助你更好地决定如何度过你的时间。

很好的承接上句，符合语境。

故选F.
(5)考查上下文推理能力。

根据上文的意思Covey可以帮助你练习分析你的生活。

该处作为最后一句应该是总结这项功能的好处。

B项意思是：通过这种方式，你可以挑战自己，让你的梦想和梦想成真。

符合语境。

故选B.
【点评】本题主要考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

做题时可以采取以下步骤：阅读全文，掌握主要内容、作者的意图、文章的感情基调等；通读答案，找出和文章相对应的关键词；根据文章整体结构，将选项答案带入文中，再次通读全文，重点关注逻辑关系和关联结构，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。

2．任务型阅读
Observational Learning: To See Is to Know
A group of psychologists, led by Albert Bandura, developed social learning theory, which emphasizes the fact that much learning occurs in a social context. This kind of learning, which results simply from observing and imitating the behavior of others, is called observational learning. Observational learning helps people acquire proper behavior in their families and cultures. By watching others, we learn how to greet people, eat, laugh and tell jokes. Do you still remember your first few days in senior grade one? By watching others, you learned how people talked to each other, what clothes were "fashionable," and how to interact with instructors.
With modeling, you observe others' behaviors, and then none, some, or all of these behaviors may be learned and repeated, or modified. In one of Bandura's classic studies, children were divided into three groups: One group watched an adult beating up a Bobo doll, one group watched an adult ignoring the Bobo doll, and the third didn't see an adult at all. After being mildly frustrated by being placed in a room with toys, but not being allowed to play with some of them, all of the children were then placed in another room with a variety of toys, including a Bobo doll. Children in the first group tended to imitate what they had seen, mistreating the doll (and inventing new ways to abuse it).
Researchers have discovered that several characteristics of models can make learning through observation more effective. Not surprisingly, the more you pay attention to the model, the more you learn. You are more likely to pay attention if the model is an expert, is good looking, has high status, or is socially powerful. Second, by watching others, we learn about what behaviors are appropriate for people like ourselves, so models who are seen as similar are more readily imitated. All students need to see successful, capable models who look and sound like them.
Then, as teachers, how can you apply observational learning? Here are a few guidelines. Above all, model the behaviors and attitudes you desire your students to learn. For example, show enthusiasm for the subject you teach. Be willing to demonstrate both the mental and the physical tasks you expect the students to perform. Second, use peers, especially class leaders, as models. For example, in group work, pair students who do well with those who are having difficulties. Third, you may seek the help of class leaders in modeling behaviors. Examples include letting
high-status students lead an activity when you need class cooperation or when students are likely to be reluctant at first.
impacts；aggressive / violent / rude；likely；similar；teaching / education / instruction；desired / expected / target；Seeking
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍什么是观察学习，观察学习的应用，怎么将观察学习用于教学。

（1）考查信息归纳。

根据右边的内容：Observational learning is learning that occurs through ________ and imitation of others.可知这是观察学习的定义，故填Definition / Concept / Meaning。

（2）考查词性转化。

根据第一段中的“This kind of learning, which results simply from observing and imitating the beh aviors of others, is called observational learning.”可知将observing 改成observation。

（3）考查词性转化。

根据第一段中的“Observational learning helps people acquire proper behaviors in their families and cultures”可知将proper改成 properly / appropriately / well。

（4）考查原词重现。

根据第二段中的“C hildren in the first group tended to imitate what they had seen, mistreating the doll (and inventing new ways to abuse it)。

”可知看见不好的行为的孩子自己也会学习，有虐待性，故填abusive。

（5）考查原词重现。

根据第二段可知这里介绍榜样的影响，故填impacts。

（6）考查原词重现。

根据第三段中的“You are more likely to pay attention if the model is an
expert, is good looking, has high status, or is socially powerful.”可知填likely。

（7）考查句意理解。

根据第三段中的“Second, by watching others, we learn about what behaviors are appropriate for people like ourselves,”可知和我们相像的人会促进观察学习。

like=" similar" to，故填similar。

（8）考查词性转化。

根据第四段中的“Then, as teachers, how can you apply observational learning?”可知怎么将观察学习应用于教学中，故填 teaching / education / instruction。

（9）考查词性转化。

根据第四段中的“Above all, model the behaviors and attitudes you desire your students to learn. ”可知将desire改成desired / expected / targeted。

（10）考查词性转化。

根据第四段中的“Third, you may seek the help of class leaders in modeling behaviors. ”可知将seek改成Seeking。

【点评】本题考点涉及信息归纳，词性转化和原词重现三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的词汇知识和词汇知识，写出正确的答案。

3．根据短文内容，在相应的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。

How do you prove you really are who you say you are? Maybe you have many ways to prove your identity: a birth certificate, a driver's license, a Social Security card, or a passport.
But imagine that you are one of the one billion people in the world-most of them among the poorest-who have no official identification. No birth certificates. No official ID documents. Nothing. Without a way to prove who you are, you would face huge problems: going to school, seeing a doctor, getting a bank account...
For the last decade, NandanNilekani has been working to make the world's invisible people visible by giving them access to official identification. One of India's leading technology experts, Nandan joined the government to lead the launch of India's national biometric ID system, which uses fingerprints and other biological characteristics to check the identities of the country's more than 1.3 billion residents. This ID system, known as Aadhaar (Hindi for "foundation"), is the world's largest biometric identification system and has become a valuable government platform for delivering social welfare programs and other government services.
Now, Aadhaar has enrolled nearly all residents of India. With a trustworthy system to check identities of beneficiaries for everything from pensions to food moneies, the government has been able to save billions of dollars because of reduced cheating and dishonesty.
Of course, India's ID system has not been without controversy. There were many privacy concerns, including criticism that the Aadhaar system was a mass monitoring tool and that personal data would be misused. Last year, a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of India found that the program did not violate the privacy rights of the country's residents. But in order to prevent misuse of personal data, the court placed tight limits on how the ID system could be used and shared.
According to the latest data by the World Bank, there are one billion people in the world without an official proof of identity, including 45 percent of the population in sub-Saharan Africa and 17 percent of South Asia's population.
Thanks to the work Nandan is doing, the world is moving closer to the day when everyone will have access to an official ID. The sooner we can achieve this goal, the sooner the world's poorest
residents will not only be able to prove who they are, but also realize their dreams for better lives.（1）How does India's ID system check the identities of the residents? (不多于7个单词) （2）What is the function of Aadhaar as a valuable government platform? (不多于8个单词) （3）As for India's ID system, what are many people concerned about? (不多于1个单词) （4）What is the passage mainly about? (不多于6个单词)
【答案】（1）By using fingerprints and other biological characteristics.
（2）Delivering social welfare programs and other government services.
（3）Privacy.
（4）Making the world's invisible people visible.
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇说明文，世界上有10亿人没有官方身份证明，NandanNilekani一直致力于通过让世界上的"隐形人"获得官方身份证明，从而让他们变得"可见"。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“…lead the launch of India's national biometric ID system, which uses fingerprints and other biological characteristics to check the identities…”可知印度的身份识别系统通过指纹和其他生物特征来检查居民的身份。

因此答案为By using fingerprints and other biological characteristics.
（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的'his ID system, known as Aadhaar (Hindi for "foundation"),is the world's largest biometric identification system and has become a valuable government platform for delivering social welfare programs and other government services.’可知Aadhaar作为一个有价值的政府平台，其功能是提供社会福利项目和其他政府服务。

因此答案为Delivering social welfare programs and other government services.
（3）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的“There were many privacy concerns, including criticism that the Aadhaar system was a mass monitoring tool and that personal data would be misused.”可知有很多隐私问题，包括批评Aadhaar系统是一个大规模的监控工具，个人数据会被滥用。

所以许多人们关注的问题是隐私。

故填Privacy.
（4）考查主旨大意。

通读全文和第二段中的“NandanNilekani has been working to make the world's invisible people visible by giving them access to official identification.以及最后一段中的“the world is moving closer to the day when everyone will have access to an official ID. ”可知本文主要讲述的是世界上有10亿人没有官方身份证明，NandanNilekani一直致力于通过让世界上的"隐形人"获得官方身份证明，从而让他们变得"可见"。

故可知Making the world's invisible people visible可以概括问文章主要内容，故答案为Making the world's invisible people visible.
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的词汇知识和词汇知识，写出正确的答案。

4．阅读下列短文并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词，每空一词。

Ready for final year
Even though they're anxiously awaiting their gaokao, Senior 3 students feel relieved after having survived their busiest year of high school.
Your milestone year begins in just two months, so how can you make the most of it? Here,
three graduates offer some practical advice to help you navigate (航行) your final year in the right way.
Sun Hairuo, High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China, Beijing:
Think ahead about your major. Even though some universities allow students to switch to a new major after enrollment, it still involves a lot of effort to do. So while you're preparing for the gaokao, start to consider what field you want to major in at the same time.
When I was aware of my interest in social science, I began to collect information on the internet about what courses I'd like to take in university and what life would be like on campus if I chose this direction. Don't judge a major before you know everything about it, since your entire future depends on it.
Qian Wenjing, Hangzhou Foreign Language School, Zhejiang:
Enjoy a hobby alongside your studies. It's important to get high marks in all subjects, but if you have nothing that can distract you from the piles of homework, you'll have no motivation.
For example, I run a WeChat public account, which you can find by searching for “大嘴小个儿” on WeChat. On it, I share my reflections on life, recommend good books and introduce learning methods to others. I also make videos on how to write an interesting daily journal for the video platform .
So, keep on top of your schoolwork, but make sure you find time to let your hair down sometimes too.
Wang Zixin, Beijing No 4 High School, Beijing:
Create your own system of knowledge using a notebook. In the review stage, find your weak points on every science subject after each exam. Summarize the knowledge behind the errors in your notebook — this will not only identify the problem, but will also save you time when you don't have to spend so long figuring out the answer.
As for liberal arts subjects such as Chinese and English, write down any memorable sentences you come across in your notebook.
And keep it in mind that improvements don't happen right away — it takes time to get better. Ready for final year
like；remember
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙，三位高中已毕业的学生分享他们在高三学习的经验，让现在的高三学子坚定信念，更好地迎接忙碌的高三生活。

（1）考查词义转换。

根据第一段中的“Even though they're anxiously awaiting their gaokao, Senior 3 students feel relieved after having survived their busiest year of high school.”中关键词await，可以用短语wait for替换。

故填waiting。

（2）考查原词重现。

根据第二段中的“Here, three graduates offer some practical advice to help you navigate (航行) your final year in the right way.”中的advice，注意首字母大写。

故填Advice。

（3）考查词性转化。

根据第三段中的“So while you're preparing for the gaokao, start to conside r what field you want to major in at the same time.” 动词短语prepare for转化为名词短语make preparation for“为……做准备”。

故填preparation。

（4）考查原词重现。

根据第四段中的“When I was aware of my interest in social science, I began to collect information on the internet about what courses I'd like to take in university and what life would be like on campus if I chose this direction.”中aware在题中作状语。

故填aware。

（5）考查词性转化。

根据第五段中的“It's important to get high marks in all subjects, but if you have nothing that can distract you from the piles of homewo rk, you'll have no motivation.”中的名词motivation转化为形容词motivational作表语。

故填motivational。

（6）考查词义转换。

根据第七段中的“So, keep on top of your schoolwork, but make sure you find time to let your hair down sometimes too.”中短语keep on top of (保持优势)，转换为keep the advantage。

故填advantage。

（7）考查词义转换。

根据第七段中的“So, keep on top of your schoolwork, but make sure you find time to let your hair down sometimes too.”中的let your hair down为俚语“放松一下”，转换为动词relax。

故填relax。

（8）考查定语从句。

根据文章第六段For example, I run a WeChat public account, which you can fin d by searching for “大嘴小个儿” on WeChat. On it, I share my reflections on life, recommend good books and introduce learning methods to others.中的On it，题中先行词WeChat public account，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where。

故填where。

（9）考查词义转换。

根据倒数第二段中的“As for liberal arts subjects such as Chinese and English, write down any memorable sentences you come across in your notebook.”中的such as 转换为like。

故填like。

（10）考查词义转换。

根据最后一段中的“And keep it in mind that improvements don't
happen right away —it takes time to get better. ”中的keep … in mind转换为remember。

故填remember。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义转换，原词重现，词性转化等题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。

5．（2019•天津）阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

Haze Mabry, who has worked as a school keeper for thirteen years, walks into the school building every day and empties garbage cans, wipes down bathrooms and mops wet messes in the hallways.
Last Friday, after he arrived at the school, instead of finding garbage to clean up, he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards, blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him. It was his 80th. As he walked the long hallway, some popped out of lime to hug him. They handed him so many cards that they filled several large boxes. Touched by their enthusiastic expression of affection. Mabry thanked them all. "They're like my children," Mabry said.
On a regular day, students at the school sometimes come up to him to say they're not feeling well or other times to tell him about something that happened at break. He knows most of the kids at the school, but can't name each one. Some of them make him know them. Like Faith, who often forgets her backpack in the cafeteria, and Lucy, who just wants a hug.
"He won't brag（夸耀）on himself, but it doesn't matter what he's doing or where he is, he will always stop what he's doing to take care of a child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him, he will pause to give that child his undivided attention. He's the most loved one in this building," said Lori Gilreath, a reading teacher.
Mabry works circles around all the students, cleaning up messes others don't want to touch. He doesn't expect a lot. Mabry said he hadn't planned to do much for his milestone birthday, so he was happy the students had prepared the surprise celebration.
Over the weekend, he worked through the piles of handmade cards at his house. One card from a student stood out to him. It read: "Mr. Haze, you are my sunshine.”
（1）What is Mabry's daily work as a school keeper？（no more than 5 words）
（2）How did the students celebrate Mabry's birthday？（no more than 15 words）
（3）What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 probably mean？（1 word）
（4）Why is Mabry's presence at the school important？（no more than 10 words）
（5）Who is the "sunshine" in your life？Please explain. （no more than 20 words）
【答案】（1）Cleaning the（school）building.
Or: Doing（the）cleaning.
Or: He cleans the（school）building.
Or: He does（the）cleaning.
（2）By lining the hallways，blowing noisemakers，singing a song，handing him cards，and
hugging him.
Or: By lining the hallways with（handmade）cards，blowing noisemakers，singing a song，and hugging him.
Or: They lined the hallways，blew noisemakers，sang a song，handed him cards，and hugged him.
Or: They lined the hallways with（handmade）cards，blew noisemakers，sang a song，and hugged him.
（3）Love.
Or: Liking.
Or: Fondness.
（4）（Because）he loves/cares about（the）students and works hard.
Or: （Because）he loves（the）students and is devoted to his work.
Or: （Because）he is kind/caring/helpful to the students，and hard-working.
Or: （Because）he is regarded as a kind/warm-hearted/helpful/caring and hard-working man.
（5）My father/mother. （Because）he/she loves me and encourages me when I'm faced/confronted with difficulties.
Or: My teacher. （Because）he/she cares about me and prepares me for my future career.
Or: My friend. （Because）he/she brings me joy/happiness and gives me a lot of comfort/help/encouragement.
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，清洁工Mabry的日常工作就是清扫学校大楼。

Mabry 爱学生，关心学生。

学生们也尊敬他，喜欢他。

在他80生日那天，学生们用自己的方式祝贺他的生日，表达了对Mabry的热爱。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Haze Mabry, who has works as a school keeper for thirteen years, walks into the school building every day and empty garbage cans, wipes down bathrooms, and mops wet messes in the hallways.”可知Haze Mabry是一位清洁工，他的日常工作就是清扫学校大楼。

因此本句的答案可为：Cleaning the (school) building. /Doing （the） cleaning. /He cleans the (school)building. /He does (the) cleaning.
（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Last Friday,...he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards, blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him.和some popped out of line to hug him.”可知，上个周五，他发现几乎有800名学生在走廊里排队，拿着手制卡片，吹口哨，为他唱了一首响亮的生日快乐歌，拥抱他。

因此答案为：By lining the hallways, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, handing him cards, and hugging him. /By lining the hallways with (handmade) cards, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, and hugging him. / They lined the hallways, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged him. / They lined the hallways with (handmade) card, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged him.
（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段学生们为Mabry庆祝生日的方式和划线词后的内容
“Mabry thanked them all,”以及“They're like my children.”可知 Mabry 爱学生，把学生当作自己的孩子。

那么学生们也表达了他们对Mabry的热爱。

因此Mabry被学生的爱所感动，故所以的“affection”相当于“Love”，故填love /Liking /Fondness.
（4）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“...he will always stop what he's doing to take care of a child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him, he will pause to give that boy his undivided attention. He's the most loved one in this building.”以及最后一段中的“Mabry works circles around all the students, cleaning up messes others don't want to touch. He doesn't expect a lot.”可知，Mabry 关心爱护孩子，帮助孩子，是一个善良、热心的人。

一个不怕脏不怕累、勤奋工作的人。

因此答案为：(Because) he loves/cares about（the）students and works hard. / (Because) he loves the students and devoted to his work. /(Because) he is kind/caring /helping to the students , and hard-working. / (Because) he is regarded as a kind /warm-hearted /helpful/caring and hard-working man.
（5）考查学生的观察综合表达能力。

本题的题目：who is the "sunshine" in your life?”谁是你生活中的阳光？只要在生活或学习中帮助过你，关心你、爱护你的，鼓励你，安慰你的都可称为your sunshine。

因此答案可为：My father/mother.(Because) he/she loves me and encouraged me when I'm faced/confronted with difficulties. Or: My teacher.(Because) he/she cares about me and prepares me for my future career. Or: My friend.(Because) he/she brings me joy/happiness and gives me a lot of comfort/ help/ encouragement.
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测以及综合表达能力等题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握所给材料，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而做出正确答案。

6．任务型阅读
Why do some people feel obliged to do the craziest things, while most of us are happy to sit on the sofa and watch their exploits on TV? Robin Styles ponders(考虑)this question.
Generally, we love to watch someone's bravery and drama--a single person against the wilds of nature, testing their endurance beyond belief. And our pleasure is greater because we live a comfortable and increasingly risk-free life, where the greatest test of endurance is getting to work through the rush hour. ________However, there are countless ways to test the limits of your endurance, if you should wish to do so, by attempting something unpleasant, uncomfortable or just plain dangerous.
American Lynne Cox swims in sub-zero temperatures through the planet's most dangerous oceans wearing only a swimsuit--for fun! According to Lynne, there is always something driving her on. At age 9, when she was swimming in an outdoor pool one day, a violent storm blew up, but she refused to get out of the pool. Something make her carry on. Then she realized that, as the water got colder and rougher, she was actually getting faster and warmer, and she was really enjoying it. At age 14, she broke her first endurance record. Years later, experts discovered that Lynne has a totally even layer of body fat, like a seal. ________
The famous British explorer, Sir Ranulph Fiennes, has led many major expeditions (远征) in the extreme cold, including walking right round the Arctic Circle. He has also led expeditions in the extreme heat, and discovered the Lost City of Ubar in the Omani desert. ________Sir Fiennes has
said, "If I am getting sick, I find a very powerful way of conquering it is to know that my father would have definitely done it."
________There is probably no such thing as a "normal" adventurer. Unsurprisingly, risk-takers tend to be single-minded and unusually determined people who hate the stability and routine that most people prefer. They tend to take risks for the "fun" of it. The excitement becomes addictive, and they want more and more of it. Ordinary life seems boring in comparison.
A. She is perfectly made for doing what she does, it seems.
B. Adventurers are clearly different from the rest of us.
C What she did was really beyond our imagination.
D. It seems that many adventurers spend their lives trying to live up to the image of a parent.
E. And most of us would prefer it to remain that way.
F. Many adventurers have amazed the world with their extraordinary skills.
【答案】 E；A；D；B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了一些人喜欢以冒险为乐趣。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前“And our pleasure is greater becaus e we live a comfortable and increasingly risk-free life, where the greatest test of endurance is getting to work through the rush hour.”我们过着一种舒适的、越来越没有风险的生活，和后面的转折可知，我们大多数人都希望保持这种舒适的状态。

故选E。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前“Years later, experts discovered that Lyn ne has a totally even layer of body fat, like a seal.”可知，琳·考克斯就像海豹一样脂肪层完全均匀，似乎天生就适合做她所做的事情。

故选A。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空后“Sir Fiennes has said, "If I am getting sick, I find a very powerful way of conquering it is to know that my father would have definitely done it." 费因斯爵士曾说过：“如果我生病了，我发现一种非常强大的战胜它的方法就是知道我父亲肯定会这么做。

”，从而可以推断出，很多冒险家都是为了不辜负父母的期望。

故选D。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空后“There is probably no such thing as a ‘normal’ adventurer.”可能没有所谓的“正常”冒险家，可知，冒险家显然不同于我们其他人。

故选B。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

7．阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

Seven years ago, my wife told our 6-year-old daughter about our wedding weekend. My wife had moved back home to spend the weekend with her family.
As I was tucking our daughter in (把女儿的被子掖好) later that night, she asked if she could "come home like mommy did" when she got married one day. (Hopefully, one day far off into the future...) I told her our house would always be open to her. She gave me a big hug and a kiss on the cheek. She was extremely happy.
After a few seconds, I could see her mind churning (思绪翻腾)—the happiness dissipated. She pushed her finger into my belly and told me in low spirits, "Your belly is too big and you are too
fat. I don't know if you are going to make it."
I was shocked. It was true that my health had fallen into a huge decline in the previous five years as I was building Contegix. I had not thought of it as destroying a future with my family. A 6-year-old girl saw what I missed.
I decided to run a mile the next morning. I couldn't make it 1/4 mile. I didn't give up and went out the next morning.
Seven years later, I have lost 60 pounds and regularly run ultra marathons. I attempted my first 100 miles last August, but I missed the terminal point at mile 87 after running on a torn hamstring (腿筋撕裂) for the previous 79 miles.
Yet, the most important distance I will ever go will be walking her down the aisle (结婚) one day. I would not make it if it hadn't been for the honesty and innocence of a 6-year-old.
（1）Why was the author's daughter happy? (no more than 15 words)
（2）What does the underlined word "dissipated" in Paragraph 3 mean? (one word)
（3）What happened to the author as he was building Contegix? (no more than 10 words) （4）What does the author regularly do seven years later? (no more than 5 words)
（5）What do you think of the author? Please explain. (no more than 25 words)
【答案】（1）Because she was told the house would be always open to her.
Or: Because the author told her their house would be always open to her.
（2）disappeared. /vanished.
（3）His health declined. /His health fell into a huge decline.
（4）He regularly runs ultra marathons.
Or: Running ultra marathons.
（5）He's a good father because he didn't want to disappoint his daughter and began to take care of his health (take exercise regularly) for his family.
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者与女儿7年前的一段对话，是女儿所说的话让作者更加关注自己的健康并给了作者减肥的决心和动力，与此同时作者也不想让女儿失望。

七年之后作者减掉了60磅，并参加了超级马拉松，由于腿筋撕裂，作者没有完成比赛，但作者很满足，作者认为最重要的距离是在女儿结婚时，陪女儿走过红地毯的距离。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“I told her our hous e would always be open to her. She gave me a big hug and a kiss on the cheek. She was extremely happy.”可知，作者的女儿快乐是因为作者告诉她他们家的门永远向她敞开。

故填Because she was told the house would be always open to her. Or: Because the author told her their house would be always open to her.（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“She pushed her finger into my belly and told me in low spirits.”可知，女儿情绪变得低落，所以"dissipated"意思是Disappeared./Vanished (消失) 的意思，女儿的快乐了。

故填disappeared./vanished.
（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“It was true that my health had fallen into a huge decline in the previous five years as I was building Contegix.”可知，作者在建造Contegix时，作者的健康状况急剧下降。

故填His health declined./His health fell into a huge decline.。