句子大全之非谓语动词可充当的句子成分
非谓语动词语法功能概述
非谓语动词语法功能概述一、介绍非谓语动词非谓语动词是指除了主要动词外的动词形式,包括不定式、动名词和分词。
它们在句子中都可以充当名词、形容词或副词的功能,扩充句子的意义,并与其他部分构成语法关系。
二、不定式的语法功能1. 作主语:不定式作主语时常置于句首,通常使用it作形式主语,而将真正的不定式主语放在句末。
2. 作宾语:不定式作及物动词的宾语时,一般直接放在及物动词后面。
3. 作宾语补足语:不定式作宾语补足语用来补充宾语的意义或说明宾语的特征。
4. 作定语:不定式作定语常修饰名词,通常位于名词之后。
5. 作状语:不定式作状语时常位于句子之后,它可以表示时间、目的、结果、方式等。
三、动名词的语法功能1. 作主语:动名词作主语时常置于句首,表示抽象理念或习惯性的动作。
2. 作宾语:动名词作及物动词的宾语时,常跟在及物动词之后。
3. 作宾语补足语:动名词作宾语补足语表示动作完成后的结果或效果。
4. 作定语:动名词作定语时修饰名词,常置于名词之前。
5. 作状语:动名词作状语时放在句末,表示目的、原因、方式等。
四、分词的语法功能1. 现在分词作定语:现在分词作定语修饰名词,通常位于被修饰名词之前,起形容词的功能。
2. 过去分词作定语:过去分词作定语修饰名词,通常位于被修饰名词之前,表示被动或完成的动作。
3. 分词作状语:分词作状语时常放在句子中,修饰整个句子或句子的某个成分。
4. 分词作补足语:分词作补足语通常跟在及物动词之后,表示被动、完成或将来完成的动作。
通过以上的介绍,我们可以看出非谓语动词在句子中具有丰富的语法功能。
了解并善于运用非谓语动词,将有助于我们写出更加精确、流畅的句子,并增强句子的表达能力。
希望本文能对你理解非谓语动词的语法功能提供帮助。
非谓语动词在句子中作状语和作宾语补足语的不同用法
非谓语动词在句子中作状语和作宾语补足语的不同用法非谓语动词是指在句子中不作谓语,而作其他成分的动词形式,包括动词不定式、动名词和现在分词。
在句子中,非谓语动词可以作状语或者作宾语补足语,它们有着不同的用法和作用。
一、非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词作状语时,通常表示动作或状态与谓语动词的关系。
1. 动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语时,可以表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。
例子:- 为了参加比赛,他每天都练习。
- 她去超市买菜是为了做一顿丰盛的晚餐。
- 我喝了一杯水以便解渴。
2. 动名词作状语动名词作状语时,通常表示伴随、原因、方式、时间等。
例子:- 她走路的时候总是低着头看手机。
- 她在工作时听着音乐,感觉更加轻松。
- 他生气时喜欢一个人静静地待在房间里。
3. 现在分词作状语现在分词作状语时,通常表示时间、原因、结果、条件等。
例子:- 孩子们坐在河边嬉戏的时候,天空中飞过一只小鸟。
- 雨停了,她放下伞继续前行。
- 他跑得太快,以至于摔倒在地。
二、非谓语动词作宾语补足语非谓语动词作宾语补足语时,通常与及物动词或介词搭配使用,用来修饰宾语。
1. 动词不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语时,通常表示动作的结果或目的。
例子:- 她希望能赚到更多的钱。
- 他们需要找到一个解决问题的方法。
- 我喜欢把房间布置得温馨舒适。
2. 动名词作宾语补足语动名词作宾语补足语时,通常表示动作的结果、原因、方式等。
例子:- 他喜欢听别人讲故事。
- 她害怕看到血液。
- 我对你的成功感到骄傲。
3. 现在分词作宾语补足语现在分词作宾语补足语时,通常表示动作的结果、方式等。
例子:- 孩子们使整个教室变得非常吵闹。
- 她发现这个问题变得越来越困难。
- 他的话让她感到非常惊讶。
总结起来,非谓语动词在句子中作状语时表示动作与谓语的关系,可以使用动词不定式、动名词和现在分词。
非谓语动词作宾语补足语时则用来修饰宾语,常见的形式有动词不定式、动名词和现在分词。
第7节非谓语动词的分类及在句子中的成分第2课时
第7节⾮谓语动词的分类及在句⼦中的成分第2课时⾮谓语动词知识点总结在句中充当除谓语以外的句⼦成分的动词形式叫做⾮谓语动词。
⾮谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式、动名词和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)不定式、动名词和现在分词都有时态和语态的变化.不定式⼀、不定式的作⽤1、作主语不定式作主语时,谓语⽤单数。
往往⽤it 作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后⾯。
如:It took us two hours to finish the job.It is impossible for us to get there on time.It is very kind of you to help us.注意:(1)其他系动词如look, appear等也可⽤于此句型。
(2)当不定式作主语的句⼦中⼜有⼀个不定式作表语时,不能⽤It is …to…的句型。
试⽐较:It is to negate my own idea to believe him.(错)To believe him is to negate my own idea .(对)(3)It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中,当不定式的逻辑主语和前⾯的形容词可以构成系表结构时,⽤of, 否则⽤ for.2、作宾语(1)动词+不定式。
如:He managed to escape from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him.(it 作形式宾语)注:下列动词通常⽤不定式作宾语:want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin,start, learn, agree, choose, get等(2)动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词,作宾语。
如:I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next.I can’t decide when to go there.注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补⾜语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补⾜语之后,⽤it 作形式宾语。
初中英语语法大全之非谓语动词
The nation being threatened by nuclear radiation is calling for help. (being threatened作定语,表示被动+进行。) Being threatened by nuclear radiation, the nation is calling for help. (being threatened作状语,表示被动+进行。) He found a good house to live in. ( to live in 作定语,表示目的+将来。) He worked hard to earn enough money for a new house. (to earn 作状语,表示目的+将来)
动作由所修饰的名 词主动发出。
to do
He is the right man to do the job. I have no chance to go sightseeing.
done
The material used by the factory is from Thailand. The destroyed bridge needs repairing.
主动 被动
常见非谓语动词的用法
非谓语动词与逻辑主 语间的关系
非谓语动词的形式
主动 被动
doing (动作和谓语动词同时发生,或者基本上同时发生) having done (动作在谓语动词之前发生) to do(动作在谓语动词之后发生) done(动作在谓语动词之前已结束,或者不强调动作发生的具体时间) being done(动作和谓语动词同时发生) having been done(动作在谓语动词之前发生) to be done(动作发生在非谓语动词之后)
非谓语动词一览表
非谓语动词一览表动词不定式的基本用法:一. 语法功能: 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语(主语补足语)、状语以及插入语(独立成分),唯独不可作谓语。
(主语)To scold her would not be just.(宾语)We are planning to build a Disney park here.(宾补)They hurriedly ended the meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.(表语)Our most urgent task is to make a careful analysis of the present situation.仔细分析当前的形势是我们最迫切的任务。
(定语)Do you have anything else to add? 还有什么要补充的吗(目的状语)Learn from past mistakes to avoid future ones. 惩前毖后。
(结果状语)He made a long speech only to show his ignorance of the subject.他大讲了一通,只暴露他对这门学科的无知。
(程度状语)I don’t know her to speak to.我认识她还不到能与她谈话的程度。
(原因状语) We shall be happy to co-operate with you in the work.(独立成分) To put it another way, do you like him?To be honest,I don’t know anything about it.I. 作主语:1. To say is easier than to do. =Saying is easier than doing.2. To see is to believe. =Seeing is believing.3. How to go there h asn’t been decided yet.4. Who to blame for the traffic accident is still a puzzle.5. Whether to go or stay is not known.6. It is important to study English well and go to college.7. It is our duty to give a hand to people in trouble.8. It takes me three hours to do house cleaning on Sundays.9. To master a foreign language is very important。
句子成分与非谓语动词
句子成分与非谓语动词构成篇章的基本单位是句子,每个句子是由词或短语构成的,这些词或短语便是句子成分。
包括:主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语,同位语,独立成分。
非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语,但同时仍保留动词某些特征(带宾语和状语)的动词形式。
无人称和数的变化。
包括:to do /doing/done,一、主语:它是一个句子所叙述的主体,通常位于句首,但在倒装句中除外。
祈使句中省略主语you。
n./ pron /num./the+adj./to do/doing/句子均可充当主语。
当to do / doing / 从句作主语时,往往用形式主语it代替。
1.形式主语⑴It’s+hard/difficult /easy/(un)important/(im)possible/(un)necessary /all right /interesting/appropriate+for somebody to do something可转化为:To do something is/was +adj./n+for somebody⑵It’s+nice/good/kind /wrong /careless/(un)wise/(im)polite/rude/clever/foolish/silly/thoughtful/cruel/brave/honest/lazy/(un)selfish /careful+of somebody to do something可转化为: Somebody is/was+adj /n /+to do something⑶It’s+no use/ useless/ not any use/ no good / not any good/fun/enjoyable/tiring /dangerous /expensive /a bore /a waste of time /a good pleasure +doing something 可转化为: Doing something is /was +…⑷替代that从句(1)It is said that…(2)It is well-known that…(3)It is recorded that…(4)It is reported that…(5)It is suggested that…(6)It is clear/obvious that…(7) It is possible/likely that… (8) It is surprising that…(9) It is believed that… (10)It is a fact that…(11)It is necessary /important that… (12)It is a good thing/news that…(13)It seems /appears that… (14)It must be pointed out that…(15)It should be noted that… (16)It has been proved that…(17)It has worked o ut that… (18)It happened that…(19)It turns out that… (20)It strikes me most that…1.Honesty is the best policy.2.Nobody except you can help yourself.3.The sick and the old need your help.4.The wounded should be sent to hospital at once.5.To become a nurse is my wish.6.Taking enough exercise is good for your health.7.That he forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused a lot of trouble.8.Who is the man standing over there ?9.One third of the students in our class are girls.10.When we are going to nave a test hasn’t been decided.11.Whether he will join us in the discussion is of great importance.12.Forty is enough for us.13.It will be interesting to see what happens when you get a bet older.14.It would be appropriate for you to discuss your problem now.15.It’s very nice of you to help me out.16.It is my job to teach them English.17.It’s our duty to help others.18.To be a doctor for animals is rewarding.19.To see is to believe./ Seeing is believing.20.It’s necessary for us to get timel y help around.21.It’s good manners to stare at a stranger.22.It’s thoughtful of you to warn me of your arrival.23.It’s pity that he can’t swim.24.It’s a fact that the population is still increasing.25.It turns out that we are going to have another busy day.26.It is essential to make a good plan for the trip.2. to do作主语表示具体某一次行为或将来的动作,意义上常表示一件未完成的事或目的。
非谓语动词讲解句子
非谓语动词讲解句子非谓语动词是指动词的非谓语形式,包括动词不定式、动名词和现在分词以及过去分词形式。
这些形式一般用来作为主语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语等成分。
下面是一些非谓语动词的相关参考内容。
一、动词不定式(infinitive)动词不定式包括带to的不定式和省略to的不定式。
1. 带to的不定式带to的不定式常用于表示目的、结果、原因、方式、条件等。
例如:- I want to go to the park.(我想去公园。
)- 表示目的- The job is difficult to finish.(这个工作很难完成。
)- 表示结果2. 省略to的不定式省略to的不定式常用于感官动词(see, watch, hear, feel等)和助动词(can, may, must等)后面。
例如:- I saw him leave the room.(我看见他离开了房间。
)- 动词see后省略了to二、动名词(gerund)动名词是以-ing结尾的动词形式,可以作为名词使用。
1. 动名词作主语- Swimming is good for health.(游泳对身体有好处。
)2. 动名词作宾语- She enjoys reading books.(她喜欢看书。
)3. 动名词作定语- I bought a running shoe.(我买了一双跑步鞋。
)三、现在分词(present participle)现在分词是以-ing结尾的动词形式,常用于进行时态和作定语、状语等。
1. 现在分词作定语- The crying baby needs attention.(哭泣的婴儿需要关注。
)2. 现在分词作状语- Being tired, she went to bed early.(因为累了,她早早地上床睡觉了。
)四、过去分词(past participle)过去分词常用于被动语态和完成时态等。
1. 过去分词作被动语态- The car was fixed by a mechanic.(汽车被一位机械师修好了。
非谓语动词在句中成分
非谓语动词在句中成分什么是非谓语动词在语法中,谓语动词是句子中的核心动词,用来表示主语的动作或状态。
而非谓语动词则是指在句子中承担其他成分功能,不起谓语动词的作用。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和现在分词。
非谓语动词的作用非谓语动词在句子中可以担任动词、名词或形容词的角色。
具体来说,非谓语动词可以作为句子的主语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。
1. 非谓语动词作主语非谓语动词作主语时,常使用动词不定式或动名词的形式。
例如:•To travel is my dream. (动词不定式作主语)•Swimming is good for your health. (动名词作主语)2. 非谓语动词作宾语非谓语动词可作动词的宾语,表示动作的完成或延续。
例如:•I enjoy reading books. (动名词作宾语)•She wants to go shopping. (动词不定式作宾语)3. 非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词可用来修饰名词或代词,充当定语的角色。
例如:•The running water sounded soothing. (现在分词作定语)•He showed me a good place to eat. (动词不定式作定语)4. 非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词可以作状语,用来修饰动词、形容词或副词,表达时间、原因、方式、条件等。
例如:•She left, crying. (现在分词作状语,表示方式)•He spoke so fast that I could hardly keep up with him. (动词不定式作状语,表示原因)5. 非谓语动词作补语非谓语动词可以用来补充宾语或主语的意义。
例如:•My father asked me to clean the room. (动词不定式作宾补)•I considered the decision taken by the committee. (动名词作宾补)非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词有三种形式:动词不定式、动名词和现在分词。
英语语法之非谓语动词
英语语法之非谓语动词非谓语动词,顾名思义就是在句子中不能充当谓语的动词,但是,可以充当发句子的其他成分,也有时态和语态的变化。
这类动词包括不定式(to do),动词的-ing形式(分为动名词和动词的现在分词两种形式,书写形式都是doing)和过去分词(done)。
1. 做主语不定式和动名词形式都可以做主语,但过去分词不可以。
如:To do such thing is foolish. Seeing is believing.在这一用法中,需要注意的是:1)动名词可做主语,但动词现在分词不可以做主语。
2)不定式和动名词做主语时,谓语动词要用三单。
3)不定式做主语时,如主语长,为了避免头重脚轻,往往用it 做形式主语,把真正的不定式主语放在句子后头。
2. 做表语非谓语动词的这三种形式都可以用作表语。
如:Her job is to clean the hall. Her job is cleaning the hall. His good day is gone. 过去分词做表语时,要注意和句子的被动语态区分。
过去分词做表语表示主语的状态,而被动语态强调动作。
例如:The glass is broken. Broken做句子的表语,表示玻璃杯的状态。
The glass is broken by me.这个句子属于被动语态,强调动作“被打碎了”。
3. 做定语不定式,动词的ing形式,过去分词都可以做定语,但所表示的意义并不相同。
例如:I have a lot of work to do. She is a sleeping beauty. He takes sleeping pills every day. The stolen book is as same as his.1)不定式做定语表示将来的动作。
例句中的不定式表明将要做的工作还有很多。
2)动名词做定语时,表示作用和用途,如例句中的“sleeping pill”, pill的作用是to sleep。
非谓语动词可充当的句子成分
非谓语动词可充当的句子成分作者:李兰英来源:《高中生·高考指导》2015年第10期一、非谓语动词作主语不定式和动名词都可以作主语。
两者的区别是:表示某一具体的动作时,多用不定式;表示比较抽象的一般的行为时,多用动名词。
当动名词或不定式短语较长时,常用it作形式主语,放在句首,而把动名词或不定式短语放在句末。
例1 It took years of work ______(reduce)the industrial pollution and clean the water.解析:答案为to reduce。
括号内给出了一个动词原形reduce,但是仔细观察句子结构可知,该句已有谓语动词took,因此空格处应填非谓语动词。
“It took(takes) some time to do sth.”是固定句式,意思是“做某事花了多长时间”。
该句型中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。
二、非谓语动词作宾语不定式和动名词都可作宾语。
有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语,如want / wish / hope / manage / demand / promise / refuse / pretend / plan / offer / decide / agree / expect等。
有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语,如admit / appreciate / avoid / consider / delay / dislike / enjoy / escape / finish / forgive / imagine / keep / mind / miss / practice / resist / risk / deny / stand等。
有些动词或动词短语后既可以跟不定式,又可以跟动名词作宾语,但意义上有区别,如forget / remember / regret / try / mean / go on等。
非谓语动词 是指在句子中不是谓语的动词
非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分。
1、They built a garden.They suggested building a garden.2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:(1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词(2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词)(3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词)(4)谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制;非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制。
(5)英语中不能单独做句子的谓语。
动词不定式动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
否定式:not + (to) do以do为例,动词不定式的构成如下:(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后.例如:I'm glad to meet you. 很高兴见到你。
He seems to know a lot. 他看起来懂得很多。
We plan to pay a visit. 我们计划花钱去参观。
(2)进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如:The boy pretended to be working hard. 男孩假装工作得很努力。
He seems to be reading in his room. 看起来他正在他的房间里面读书。
(3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如:I regretted having told a lie. 我后悔我说谎了。
I happened to have seen the film. 我偶然看过这部电影。
He is pleased to have met his friend. 他很高兴能遇上他的朋友。
非谓语动词的语法详解
非谓语动词的语法总结1. 英语句子呈「树」状辅排,即以主语与谓语动词搭配形成形式主轴,即句子的主干成分。
2. 然后利用各种关联词和介词等把句中的各种短语(介词短语,名词短语),附加成分(同位语,插入语),分词(现在分词分句,独立成分)和从句(定语从句,状语从句,同位语从句)往这根主干上钩搭。
犹如一棵枝叶横生的大树,盘根错节。
任何完整的一个英语句子,无论长短复杂,本质就是一棵树,它有且必有一个主干,即主语+谓语+(宾语)。
英语句子的树形结构说的通俗一点,如果把谓语动词比作老虎,那么英语句子就是【一山不容二虎】,绝对不允许两个(或更多)谓语动词同时存在。
这时候,问题就来了:如果表达的意思比较复杂,涉及到了多个动作(动词),那英语是不是就要用多个完整独立的句子来分别表达了?当然不需要,英语没有这么白痴。
谓语动词是老虎,一山不容二虎。
这时候如果句子中需要出现其它动词,这个动词必须被【降级】,才能和谓语动词同时存在。
通常来讲,有以下几种被降级的方式:降为非谓语动词形态(不定式,现在式,过去式)从句形态从属连词,例如because,although等(注意:这里不包括并列连词and,but和or。
)对应到第一个图,上面1,2,3种办法都让动词变成了树枝的形式,钩搭在【主谓宾】主干上。
比如2,定语从句和状语从句的关系连词(which,that,when,whatever等)都是降级的标志,其后的从句虽然拥有自己的主谓宾结构,但这个谓语已经被关系连词降级了,例如定语从句:The boy who is crying said this.定语从句我们学从句的时候被关系连词搞的晕头转向,不过从树形结构上来看,却很容易理解。
你可以把他们理解为一种降级标记:从句中的谓语动词被降级,以树枝的形式存在,关系连词是将树枝钩搭在主干上的钩子。
这时候如果漏了关系连词who,句子就会有两个谓语动词同时存在(said和is),违反了一个句子有且仅有一个谓语动词的规则,语法上句子就是错的。
非谓语动词讲解句子大全
非谓语动词讲解句子大全非谓语动词是动词的一种形式,常常以动词的原形、现在分词和过去分词的形式出现,在句子中起到修饰名词、形容词和副词,或起到状语和表语等作用。
它不具备时态和人称的变化,修饰主语或与其他成分之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
非谓语动词有以下几种形式:不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
下面以不同的形式进行解释和举例。
一、不定式不定式是动词的一种形式,由to加动词原形构成。
它可以用作名词、形容词和副词的宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。
常常出现在句子中,并带有to。
1. 作名词:- To learn is to grow.(学习就是成长。
)- I want to go to the park.(我想去公园。
)2. 作形容词:- I have something important to tell you.(我有重要的事情要告诉你。
)- The book to read is on the table.(可阅读的书在桌子上。
)3. 作副词:- She came to help.(她来帮忙。
)- We go to school to study.(我们上学是为了学习。
)二、动名词动名词是动词的一种形式,由动词原形加-ing构成。
它可以充当名词,可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语等。
1. 作主语:- Swimming is my favorite sport.(游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
)2. 作宾语:- I enjoy singing.(我喜欢唱歌。
)- They avoid staying out late.(他们避免太晚出去。
)3. 作表语:- Her hobby is dancing.(她的爱好是跳舞。
)4. 作定语:- The running water is very clear.(流动的水非常清澈。
)三、现在分词现在分词以-ing结尾,表示主动、进行或正在进行的动作,常用来修饰名词或代词,也可以作定语、状语等。
非谓语动词的常用结构
非谓语动词的常用结构在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,动名词和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。
1)不定式to do2)动名词doing3)分词doing/done否定形式:not +不定式,not + 动名词,not + 现在分词一、不定式1. 不定式做状语----目的He goes to the playground to play basketball with his friends.2. 不定式充当名词功能To see is to believe.3.常用结构want (sb.) to do sth. 想要(某人)做某事would like (sb) to do sth 想要(某人)做某事wish (sb.) to do sth. 希望(某人)做某事agree sb to do sth 同意(某人)做某事tell (sb.)(not) to do sth 吩咐(某人)做某事ask (sb.)(not)to do sth 要求(某人)做某事(注:ask\tell sb. not to do sth. 叫某人不干某事)invite sb to do sth 邀请(某人)做某事plan to do sth. 计划去干某事hope to do sth 希望去干某事decide to do sth. 决定去干某事can`t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地干某事can`t afford to do sth 承受不了做某事It takes\took sb.+时间、金钱to do sth.某人花费时间、金钱去干某事It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth.It’s +adj. of sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是…(假如Sb be adj 通顺就用of ) It’s better /best to do sth. 最好做某事be afraid to do sth 害怕...干...be excited to do sth 对干.、、、感到兴奋4.注意以下句型的互换:1). too…to do sth. 太…而不能…2). so +adj. /adv + that(从句) 如此…以致…3).such +(a/an +adj.)+n.+ that(从句) 如此…以致…4).(not) enough (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事(不)够二. _ing分词:1.动名词做主语,谓语动词为单数.Eating apples is good for your health.2.做为介词的宾语是动名词Thanks for helping me.3.在进行时态中。
非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式
非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式是动词的非谓语形式.动词一般在句子中充当谓语.在句中可起名词,形容词,副词的作用,在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语或状语.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分3种形式:不定式,分词(现在分词、过去分词),动名词二、非谓语动词用法:(一)动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
1.不定式的形式:(以动词write为例)否定式:not + (to) do2.不定式的句法功能:(1)作主语:To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.To lose your heart means failure.动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式:It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.It means failure to lose your heart.(2)作表语:Her job is to clean the hall.He appears to have caught a cold.(3)作宾语:常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, re fuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it 作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如:I have no choice but to stay here.He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.(4)作宾语补足语:在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wi sh, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call o n, wait for, invite此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如:With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如:I saw him cross the road.He was seen to cross the road.(5)作定语:动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后。
高中英语语法入门非谓语动词及句子成分
高中英语语法入门非谓语动词及句子成分高中英语语法入门:非谓语动词及句子成分非谓语动词是英语语法中的一个重要概念,它可以作为动词的其他形式,充当句子中的各种成分。
了解非谓语动词的使用方法能够帮助我们更好地理解英语句子的结构和意义。
以下是一些常见的非谓语动词及其在句子中的成分角色。
不定式(Infinitive)不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,通常以"to"开头。
它可以用来表示目的、结果、原因、时间等不同的意义,常见的用法有:1. 作主语:To learn is important.(研究很重要。
)2. 作宾语:I want to go.(我想去。
)3. 作定语:We have some books to read.(我们有一些书要读。
)动名词(Gerund)动名词是将动词变为名词形式,以"-ing"结尾。
它可以用来作主语、宾语、定语、表语等,常见的用法有:1. 作主语:Swimming is my favorite hobby.(游泳是我的最爱。
)2. 作宾语:I enjoy dancing.(我喜欢跳舞。
)3. 作定语:She bought a running shoes.(她买了一双跑鞋。
)4. 作表语:Her hobby is painting.(她的爱好是绘画。
)现在分词(Present Participle)现在分词以"-ing"结尾,表示主动或进行中的动作。
它可以作为形容词、副词、定语等,常见的用法有:1. 作形容词:The crying baby needs attention.(哭泣的婴儿需要照顾。
)2. 作副词:She left, smiling happily.(她笑着离开了。
)3. 作定语:The running water is clean.(流动的水很干净。
)过去分词(Past Participle)过去分词常以"-ed"、"-en"、"-d"或其他不规则形式结尾,表示被动、完成或描述状态。
句子成分分析非谓语动词
句子成分分析非谓语动词在每年的英语高考试题中非谓语动词都占有20分以上的分数,足见它的重要性。
在解决非谓语动词的考查中,往往很多学生不知所措。
个人认为对句子成分的掌握是很重的一个因素,下面我将从句子成分的角度来对非谓语动词进行分析,以利于大家掌握。
一.主语.(1). To clean the room is my job today. (不定式)(2). Cleaning the room is my everyday job.(动名词)(3). To teach these students will be very interesting. (不定式)(4). Teaching these students is very interesting. (动名词)从上面的(1)和(3) 我们可以发现不定式作主语表示具体或将来的动作,而动名词作主语(2)和(4)表示动作的反复发生或经常性的动作.不定式作主语的时候我们可以使用形式主语it的形式来进行表述,看下面的例子:(1).It is important for us young people to learn English well.(2).It is very kind of you to help me.以上两个例句可以总结为这样的句型:it +be +adj for/of sb to do sth,与介词for 搭配的形容词经常为:important, necessary, possible, impossible, useful 等,而与介词of 搭配的形容词经常是:good, clever, foolish, wise, rude, silly 等表示与人的品性有关的形容词.既然不定式可以用形式主语,那么动名词也可以使用这种方式,见下面的例子, (1). It is no use talking about it with him.(2). His coming late to school made the teacher very angry.第一种结构常见于以下句型:(1). It +be no good/use doing (2). It + be of no good /use /useless doing(3). There +be + no good /use /point/ trouble /difficulty doing上面的例句His coming late to school made the teacher very angry.是动名词的复合结构作主语,其中his 不可以改为him.(在动名词作宾语中有说明)二. 表语(1). My job is to clean the room today.(不定式)(2). My everyday job is cleaning the room. (动名词)(3). The new is very exciting .(现在分词)(4). I was excited at the news.(过去分词)从例(1) 我们可以知道不定式作表语表示动作的具体性,而例(2)表明动名词作表语表示动作的反复或经常性. 例(3)的现在分词作表语表示主语的特征,翻译为“令人....",例(4)过去分词作表语表示主语的状态,与人的心理活动有关,这类动词为:interest, surprise ,please, disappoint, discourage 等.另外我们有时候会遇到这种情况,系表结构中主语和表语都是非谓语动词,这样的话前后要保持一致,例如:(1).To see is to believe.(2). Seeing is believing . 前后的主语和表语不可以进行交叉使用.三.宾语(一).不定式1.只接不定式作宾语:afford, agree, decide , hope ,wish, plan, manage,promise ,want等(1).He wants to help me.(2) . He promised to help me do that job.2.vt +疑问词+不定式: discuss ,wonder ,know, tell, teach(1). They are discussing how to do it.(2). Please tell me what to do next.3.v +介词+疑问词+不定式:(1).Give me some advice on how to deal with the problem.(2).They are talking about when to go there.(二).动名词1.只接动名词作宾语:avoid ,finish, mind , enjoy, risk, practise, imagine, appreciate, delay, put off, give up, insist on, resist.(1). He always practices speaking English in the morning.(2). The lucky bird avoided being shot by the hunter.(3). I will appreciate hearing from you now and then.2. love, like, prefer 接不定式与动名词的差别(1).He loves seeing films.He likes staying at home reading ,but he loves to go the cinema to see “The Seven Swords”.(2). He prefers to stay at home rather than go to the cinema.He prefers staying at home to going to the cinema.3. allow, permit, forbid(1). We don’t allow smoking here.We don’t allow you to smoke here.(2). We forbid their entering the room.We forbade them to enter the room.4. (1)try, remember, forget, regret, stop, mean 接不定式与动名词的区别(2) want ,need ,require 接不定式与动名词的区别四. 定语(一). 不定式(1). I have a lot of work to do .(将来)(2). Do you have anything to be typed ,sir? No, thanks. I had had them finished yesterday.(3). He is a nice person to get along with.不定式作定语是经常表示将来的概念,例(1)和(2)是比较常见的考查,注意比较不定式的逻辑主语是不是句子的主语,如果是,那么用不定式的主动形式,否则使用不定式的被动形式.例(3)提醒大家注意不定式作定语时,有时侯一些不及物动词须和相应的介词搭配之后才能作修饰成分.另举几例:(4).He is the one to send the letter to .(5).They had no room to live in.(6).They haven’t got any tool to do the work with.(二). 动名词 : 动名词作定语表示被修饰词的用途,这一点一定要和现在分词作定语区别开来,看下面的例子:(1). A swimming pool = a pool that is used to swim in(2) a walking stick = a stick that is used to walk with (动名词)(3). A sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping(现在分词) (4). A running car = a car that is running动名词作定语一般表示被修饰词的用途,而现在分词作定语在例(3)和(4)中表示被修饰词所处的某种状态或动作的进行.(三).现在分词1.表示动作正在进行,或无确切时间.(1). Who is the man standing there?(2).There a tree standing in front of my house.(3). He showed us around the factory being built there .2. 说明中心词所具有的动作功能,一般翻译成"使/令人......."The moving story moved everyone to tears.The frightening noise frightened everyone present.此处所使用的现在分词往往与人的心理状态动词有关,例如:surprise, disappoint, please, discourage, tire, move,frighten等.在过去分词作定语中我们将对它们进行比较.(四).过去分词1.过去分词和中心词之间是被动关系,表示时间上的完成概念.(1).The building built last year can hold 1000 people.(2). The question discussed at the meeting yesterday is of great importance.2. 过去分词表示动作的完成情况.(1).The ground is covered with fallen leaves.(2). America is a developed country.类似的词有:boiling/boiled, burning /burnt, falling/fallen, developing/developed等.3. 表示与人的心理活动有关.(1).The puzzled look on his face suggested that he didn’t understand the question.此句暗含:He was puzzled atthe question 之意.试比较下句:(1).The puzzling question madehim puzzled. (2). With the son disappointing, theparents felt very disappointed. 上面的两个例子告诉我们应该注意每个句子本身的意义然后再去决定使用哪种分词形式,不能一概而论.出现与事物有关的就是现在分词,与人有关的就是过去分词.五.状语(一).不定式1.目的状语:不定式作状语通常可以使用in order to 或so as to 进行替换,但是我们应该注意,in order to 可以放在句首或句中,而so as to 只能用在句子中间,看下面的例句:(1). To /In order to catch the first train, he got up early this morning . 此句可以改写为:He got up early in the morning to/ in order to/so as to catch thefirst train.此句也可以改写为:He got up early in the morning so that /in order that he could catch the first train.2.原因状语:放在表示情感或心理方面的形容词或过去分词之后来说明产生情绪的原因.例:(1).I’m very happy to see you here(2).He was disappointed to learn that he failed again.(3).We were frightened to hear the bad news.3. 结果状语:通常出现于以下固定搭配中,too….to, enough to….. , so….as to…..,such…..as to…..,only,例如:(1).My hand is too cold to write.(2). He was so angry as to be unable to speak.(3). He was such a fool as to believe this.(4). He arrived at the station, only to be told that the train had left.(二) .现在分词1.时间状语:(1).Hearing the bad news, he cried= As soon as he heard the bad news he cried.(2).Wandering through the street, I didn’t know where to go.此句可替换为:While/When wandering through the street, I didn’t know where to go .如果非谓语的动作发生在主句的动作之前,那么非谓语可以使用完成时态,如:(1).Having finished the work, he left the office.2.原因状语(1). Not knowing what to do, he was at a loss.(2). Having worked for a long time, we all felt very tired.3.伴随(方式)状语(1).Don’t sit there, doing nothing at all.(2).He came here running all the way.(3).Mother is in the kitchen cooking.4. 结果状语(1).They fired at the enemy, killing two.(2).His parents died, leaving him an orphan.5.其他状语(1).Having been told many times ,he still couldn’t remember the rule.(让步状语)(2).Standing on the top of the mountain, you can see the village more clearly.(条件状语)(三).过去分词1.时间或条件状语Heated ,water can be turned into gases.此句可以改写为:If/When water is heated ,it can be turned into gases.2. 方式(伴随)状语(1)The teacher came in, followed by his students.(2).The man sat there ,lost in thought.此句注意,过去分词作伴随状语时,一般省略系词.3. 原因状语(1).Praised by the teacher at the meeting, he felt very happy.(2).Hunted everywhere ,the wolf had nowhere to hide.4. 让步状语(1).Seriously wounded ,he still kept on fighting.(2).Told many times ,he just couldn’t remember it.此句也可以改写为:Though having been told many times ,he just couldn’t remember it.六.补语(一)不定式作补语:(1).Iasked him to go there.(2).We watched him cross the street.不定式作补语要注意以下几点:A. 使役动词:5看3让2听1感觉带get, 注意主动和被动的区别,见下面的例子:(1). We saw him cross the street.(2). He was seen to cross the street.(3).We got him to do the job.这些词中let 和have 是不用被动语态的,希望大家注意. B. think, consider, suppose, believe, Imagine, prove, find等词后的补语仅限于to be 且可以省略,例:(1). We think him (to be ) clever.(2). We found the problem (to be ) difficult to sole.C. call on, ask for, wait for, depend on等后用带to 的补语,例,(1).The Party called on us to work for the country.(2).You can’t depend on him to help you when you are in trouble.D. 其他动词的补语要补好to,例He doesn’t permit people to smoke in his room.(二).现在分词A. 在感官动词之后,表示动作的进行:(1). We saw him crying when we came in.(2). We heard a girl shouting in the next room.B. 在keep, leave, get , set, send , catch 之后用现在分词作宾补,例:(1).They caught the young man stealing in the supermarket.(2).Don’t leave the boy waiting outside in the rain.(3).What he said at the meeting set us thinking.注意:a. 现在分词不能作 make ,let 的宾补b. 瞬间动词的现在分词不作宾补:Don’t keep your eyes shutting to this.(×)Don’t keep your eyes shut to this. (?) (三).过去分词作状语1.过去分词与宾语为被动关系,说明宾语的状态,表示完成或不确切时间.(1).When he returned home, he found his house broken into.(2).He had his hair cut yesterday.2.过去分词说明宾语的状态,表示动作完成,没有被动关系或被动意味很弱.(1).When he returned his hometown, we found him greatly changed.(2).He left his wound exposed in the sun.七.独立主格1.名词/代词+现在分词(主谓关系),如:(1). The old man leading us the way, we found the villageeasily.=Led by the old man, we found the village easily.(2).Weather permitting, we will go hunting next week.2. 名词/代词+ 过去分词(动宾关系),如:(1). Our homework finished ,we all went out to play.(2). The windows broken up, all the boys playing football ran away right away.3. 名词/代词+ 不定式(表示将来).如:(1).She to lead us the way, we can find the village easily.(2).I will a third of the money borrowed from you, the rest to follow in a year.4. 名词/代词+ 形容词(表示状态).如:(1).The meeting over , we all went home.(2).The boy stood there, his face red with anger.5. 名词/代词+ 地点副词.如:Everyone here, we can begin our meeting now.6. 名词/代词+ 介词短语(介词前后的名词没有任何修饰词).如:The teacher came in, book in hand.(?)The teacher came in, a book in his hand.(×)但是我们可以使用 with 的复合结构:The teacher came in, with a book in his hand.分享源源不断。
非谓语动词的基本结构及用法
非谓语的基本结构及用法(一)非谓语的分类以及各自在句子中所能充当的成分。
非谓语分为不定式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词。
(动名词和现在分词形式相同)以下表格表示的是它们各自所能充当的成分:完成进行to have been writing /(1)不定式在句子中做主语To go there in time is his most important task now.It is his most important task to go there in time.It is a great joy to play football.When to start is the question.(不定式与疑问词who ,when,which,where,how等连用,在句子中起名词作用,可以做主语,表语,宾阳)(2)不定式在句子中做宾语。
(以“to do”做宾语的动词主要有:ask,want,wish,hope,expect,help,refuse,learn,demand,dare,choose,arrange,decide,agree,promise,plan,offer,manage,pretend,prepare,fail,determine,long,seem等)如:They pretended to have finished their work.He had planned to finish it in time.They thought it necessary to go to church every weekend.We find it good to have a walk every day.They don’t now where to go.(3)不定式在句子中做表语。
如:His dream is to be taught by that famous professor.The only thing he wants to do now is to study hard.His aim is to get the first place in the game.The question is which one to choose.(4)不定式在句子中做状语。
最新句子成分和非谓语动词
句子成分和非谓语动词句子成分: 主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语不定式(do/to do)非谓语动词分词(现在分词doing, 过去分词done)动名词(doing)考点1 非谓语动词作状语★★★★★1. 不定式作状语I was satisfied to hear the news. (原因状语)To meet the movie star I got up very early. (目的状语)I rushed to school only to find nobody was there. (结果状语)不定式表结果的固定结构:only/just to. . . ; too. . . to. . . ; so/such …as to. . . ;. . . enough(for sb. )to. . .He was too scared to say a word.The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.I’m not such a fool as to believe that.I was lucky enough to be employed(雇佣) as a secretary(秘书).2. 分词作状语Hearing (hear) the good news, he jumped with great joy.Not knowing (know) what to do, I had to wait here.The girls came in, following (follow) their parents.The teacher came in, followed (follow) by some students.Seen (see) from the hill, the city looks like a garden.Seeing (see) from the hill, we can enjoy the view of the city.Given (give) more attention, the children could have grown better. Absorbed (absorb) in reading, we all didn’t hear the sound. Having driven (drive) all day, we were rather tired.【点津】①把握分词与句子逻辑主语之间的关系, 区别现在分词与过去分词; ②不定式作结果状语为主观上意想不到的结果, 现在分词作结果状语为客观上、顺其自然而产生的结果;The poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children.③准确理解形容词化的过去分词作状语的用法;④如果分词的动作和句子主语之间是主动关系, 同时分词动作发生在谓语动词之前时,则用完成式having done。
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非谓语动词可充当的句子成分
一、非谓语动词作主语
不定式和动名词都可以作主语。
两者的区别是:表示某一具体
的动作时,多用不定式;表示比较抽象的一般的行为时,多用动名词。
当动名词或不定式短语较长时,常用it作形式主语,放在句首,而把动名词或不定式短语放在句末。
例1 it took years of work ______(reduce)the industrial pollution and clean the water.
解析:答案为to reduce。
括号内给出了一个动词原形reduce,但是仔细观察句子结构可知,该句已有谓语动词took,因此空格处
应填非谓语动词。
“it took(takes)some time to do sth.”是固定
句式,意思是“做某事花了多长时间”。
该句型中it是形式主语,真
正的主语是后面的不定式短语。
二、非谓语动词作宾语
不定式和动名词都可作宾语。
有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语,
如want / wish / hope / manage / demand / promise / refuse / pretend / plan / offer / decide / agree / expect等。
有些动词后只
跟动名词作宾语,如admit / appreciate / avoid / consider / delay
/ dislike / enjoy / escape / finish / forgive / imagine / keep / mind / miss / practice / resist / risk / deny / stand等。
有些动词或动词
短语后既可以跟不定式,又可以跟动名词作宾语,但意义上有区别,如forget / remember / regret / try / mean / go on等。
例2 still,the boy kept ______(ride).
解析:答案为riding。
括号内给出了一个动词原形ride,观察
句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词kept,此处应填非谓语动词。
keep后接doing形式,因此空格处应填riding。
例3 i heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver,but he refused ______(stop) until we reached the next stop.
解析:答案为to stop。
括号内给出了一个动词原形stop,观察句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词refused,此处应填非谓语动词。
refuse后面应接不定式,因此填to stop。
三、非谓语动词作宾语补足语和主语补足语
能作宾语补足语和主语补足语的非谓语动词有不定式、现在分词、过去分词,用非谓语动词的哪种形式往往取决于句中动词所使
用的句型和不同的非谓语动词所表示的时态和语态意义。
例4 back from his two-year medical service in africa,dr. lee was very happy to see his mother ______(take)good care of at home.
解析:答案为taken。
句意为“李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗
服务,回来后看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好,他很高兴”。
分析
句子结构可知,此处是“see+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。
此处his mother和take good care of之间是被动关系,填表示被动意义的
过去分词。
例5 my advisor encouraged me ______ (take)a summer course to improve my writing skills.
解析:答案为to take。
encourage后可接动名词作宾语或接用
不定式作宾语补足语的复合宾语,即encourage doing或encourage sb. to do。
此处应使用不定式作宾语补足语。
例6 listening to music at home is one thing,going to hear it ______(perform) live is quite another.
解析:答案为being performed。
句意为“在家听音乐是一回事,去现场听音乐演奏是另外一回事”。
hear...doing意为“听到……正在……”。
此处宾语it与动词perform之间为动宾关系,因此用现在分词的被动形式,作宾语补足语。
四、非谓语动词作定语
不定式、现在分词和过去分词都可以作定语,主要区别在于它
们的时态意义和语态意义不同。
例7 the park was full of people ______(enjoy)
themselves in the sunshine.
解析:答案为enjoying。
句意为“这个公园里到处都是在阳光下玩得尽兴的人们”。
本题考查非谓语动词作定语。
非谓语动词的逻辑
主语为people,人们玩得尽兴是主动的,此处enjoying相当于定
语从句who were enjoying。