Unit 2 Pronouns and Determiners (a)

第二章代词和限定词

（一）代词

代词：---九类

1.人称代词

2.自身代词

3.关系代词

4.指示代词

5.疑问代词

用法：用来代替名词，作主语或宾语

第一节人称代词与先行词格的一致

【规则一】人称代词分为主格和宾格

主格：在句中作主语

宾格：作动词或介词的宾语

例如：

They are studying English in the classroom.

Please pass them the papers

She gave the books to you and me.

不带谓语的句子主语或单成分句的主语-----用宾语形式：

Someone will have to answer for it. Not you or me.

Does anyone of you know where Tom lives? ------ Me

●作主语的人称代词与不定是搭配时，用宾格形式：

What！Me(to) play him at chess? No!

Me(to) appease a chap like him? Nothing doing.

【规则二】as… as 和more than 结构中，要慎用主格和宾格，否则会发生歧义。请翻译：She liked them as much as him.

She liked them as much as he

【规则三】名词和代词同时作宾语时，别忘记代词用宾格

The class elected two representatives, Tom and me.

【规则四】强调句中，人称代词的形式取决于它在从句中的成分：

It was I who saw him.

It was him whom I saw.

例题：

1.Three students leaders, Mike, Henry and ____ were greatly praised by our teacher for our

cooperation. A. me B. I C. my D. mine

2.The girl enjoyed skating as much as ____ did. As a result, they become good friends.

A. him

B. he

C. they

D. them

【规则五】whoever 的用法：引导状语从句时，无论在从句中作主语还是作宾语只用主格。同样whoever引导宾语从句或介宾从句时，也用主格形式。例如：

Whoever telephones, tell him I am out.

Whoever you marry, make sure he is honest.

We will question whoever comes to the door.

They will get the names of whoever comes to the door.

例题：

1.Tell____ you like. It makes no difference to me.

A. whomever

B. whoever

C. whichever

D. however

2. Y ou’re responsible to ______ is in charge of sales.

A. whomever

B. however

C. whoever

D. whatever

【规则六】当句子主语为不定代词but/except+人称代词时，只要人称代词出现在主语位置，用主格形式。例如：

Nobody but she can solve our problem.

Nobody can solve our problems but her.

Everybody except he agreed to our proposal.

Everybody agreed to our proposal but him.

第二节代词与先行词一致

指示代词、人称代词、物主代词在性、数、格等方面与句子中它所代表的先行词一致。【规则一】不定代词anybody, anyone, each, either, everybody, everyone, neither, no one, nobody, somebody, someone做先行词时，要求单数第三人称代词或物主代词与之配合。例如：Anybody would worry if Nazis were after him.

Nobody can be sure how his children will behave.

【规则二】集体名词做先行词时，当指一个整体时用单数代词配合；指整体中的个体时要用复数代词形式。例如：

The troop stopped and made its camp.

The entire squad scattered and went their separate ways.

【规则三】多个先行词时，根据就近原则选择代词

Either the operators or the supervisor will have his license suspended.

Neither Shelly nor her roommates have finished their work.

【规则四】关系代词who或that出现在one of those who/ that 结构中时，其先行词是those,因此代词用复数；在the only one of those who/that 结构中时，其先行词是one, 代词则用单数：

He is one of our customers who like their shirts starched.

He is the only one of our customers who likes his shirts starched.

例题：

1.John is one of those people who go out of ____ way to be helpful.

A. his

B. one

C. ones

D. their

2. He is ____ of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.

A. the only one

B. only one

C. one

D. a