PLC CONTROL OF A COLD STORE AND RIPENING PLANT - A CASE HISTORY.0

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基于PLC的自动售货机控制

摘要自动售货机最早出现在二十世纪五、六十年代的西欧，当时在美国的地铁系统中，人们可以用1美分在自动售货机上买到一块口香糖。

目前自动售货机在一些国家已达到普及的程度。

自动售货机有自动售饮料机、自动售香烟机和自动服务机等等。

本文对自动售货机进行了研究，报告了自动售货机的发展、现状、应用领域以及未来的发展趋势。

利用PLC控制自动售货机，选择合适的方案，并进行合理的硬件选型、设计及I/O配置，将程序输入PC机进行调试，最终确定设计方案。

文中详尽地介绍了自动售货机的各硬件组成，并完成了PLC外部接线图。

在PLC梯形图的编写时，文中采用的是三菱PLC梯形图专用编译软件来进行编写。

介绍了自动售货机的基本原理以及工作流程，具体说明了可编程序控制器在自动售货机中的作用。

程序涉及到了自动售货机工作的绝大部分过程。

利用PLC 控制的自动售货机提高了系统的稳定性，保证自动售货机能够长期稳定运行。

关键词：自动售货机，PLC，FX2NAbstractVending machine appears the earliest in the 1950s and 1960s, when the Western Europe in the subway system in the United States, people can use 1 cents in vending machine to buy a piece of chewing gum. At present the vending machine in some countries has reached popularity of degree. Vending machines, automatic machines, automatic sale sell cigarette machine and automatic service machine, etc.This paper studied the vending machine, report the development of the situation, application field and the future trend of development of the vending machine ,Using PLC control vending machine, choose the right plan and make reasonable hardware selection, design and the I/O configuration, debugging input PC, determines the design scheme.This paper introduced in detail the vending machines, hardware composition, and completed PLC external hookup. Write in PLC ladder diagram, the paper USES is when mitsubishi PLC ladder-diagram special compiled software to write. Introduces the basic principle of vending machine and the working process, specifying the programmable controller in the vending machine in the role. Program involves a vending machine work most of the process. Use of PLC controlled vending machines, improve the stability of the system, ensure the vending machine can have a long-term and stable operation.Keywords: vending machine,PLC,FX2N目录摘要......................................................................................................................... - 0 -Abstract ..................................................................................................................... - 1 -绪论........................................................................................................................... - 4 -第1章自动售货机简介......................................................................................... - 5 -1.1自动售货机的起源和发展......................................................................... - 5 -1.2 自动售货机的发展现状和发展前景........................................................ - 6 -第2章可编程控制器PLC简介 ........................................................................... - 8 -2.1 PLC概述 .................................................................................................... - 8 -2.1.1可编程控制器的产生和发展.......................................................... - 8 -2.1.2 PLC的发展前景和主要品牌 ......................................................... - 9 -2.2 PLC的工作原理 ...................................................................................... - 10 -2.2.1 PLC的硬件组成 ........................................................................... - 10 -2.2.2 PLC的工作原理 ........................................................................... - 11 -2.2.3 PLC应用的特点及编程语言 ....................................................... - 12 -第3章硬币验钞机构及原理............................................................................... - 14 -3.1硬币验钞机构........................................................................................... - 14 -3.2硬币的识别原理....................................................................................... - 14 -第4章自动售货机的PLC程序设计 ................................................................. - 17 -4.1 硬件设计分析.......................................................................................... - 17 -4.1.1控制要求分析................................................................................ - 17 -4.1.2 I/O点统计 ..................................................................................... - 17 -4.1.3 PLC选择 ....................................................................................... - 18 -4.1.4 CD4511七段数码管译码器......................................................... - 18 -4.2 软件设计分析.......................................................................................... - 19 -4.2.1 I/O分配表 ..................................................................................... - 19 -4.2.2程序流程图的编制........................................................................ - 20 -4.2.3 系统软件设计梯形图................................................................... - 21 -4.2.3 自动售货机控制系统外部接线图............................................... - 22 -第5章仿真与分析............................................................................................... - 26 -5.1 仿真设计.................................................................................................. - 26 -5.2 仿真结果及分析...................................................................................... - 28 -结论......................................................................................................................... - 30 -致谢......................................................................................................................... - 32 -绪论自动售货机是可完成无人自动售货，集光、机、电一体化的商业自动化设备。

PLC应用英文资料外文翻译--PLC在冰蓄冷中央空调系统控制中的应用

PLC in the Ice Storage Central Air-conditioningSystem of Control1 IntroductionIce storage air-conditioning is the Central V alley will be redundant power grid electricity at night to form ice cold storage, electricity consumption peak during the day when the ice will melt to provide air-conditioning services. As in most parts of China's electricity at night is much lower than during the day, using ice cold storage central air conditioning can significantly reduce the user's operating costs.Ice storage central air-conditioning system configuration of equipment than conventional air-conditioning system to increase the number and require a higher degree of automation, but it automatically to meet the requirements of the air-conditioned buildings throughout the day under the conditions of the day will be with all the energy spent, the largest At least to save operating costs.2 Control system.Control system from the next crew (the scene control workstations) and PC (central management workstations), with the crew using programmable logic controller (PLC) and touch screen, PC using industrial-grade computers and printers, system configuration necessary if the annex Communications equipment interface cards, modems, etc., to achieve the parameters of the storage system and automatic intelligent run.The crew at the scene and touch-screen system can control parameter settings and data. PC remote management and printing, which includes the crew and all the features touch screen. Following the system as a whole crew of the industrial PLC as the core, the automated control. Control equipment and devices include: detection sensor components, electrical valves, converter, and so on.2.1 Under the machine system (Regional workstations)2.1.1 TP21 touch-screenTP27 used as a color touch-screen operation panel, completely replace the conventional switch button, light, and other devices to control more interviews counters clean. And, TP27 touch screen can be realized at the scene state, system settings, the model chosen, the set of parameters, fault recording, load records, time period, real-time data, load curve and reporting statistics, and other functions, the Chinese user interface intuitive and friendly.2.1.2 SIEMENS PLCSIMATIC S7-300 series PLC applied to all walks of life and various occasions in the detection, monitoring and control of automation, its power to both the independent operation of, or connected to a network able to achieve complex control.The photoelectric products with isolation, high electromagnetic compatibility; have high industrial applicability, allowing the ambient temperature of 60 ℃; has strong anti-jamming and anti-vibration and impact resistance, so in a harsh working environment has been widely Applications.I also mean freedom of communication S7-300 type PLC' s a very unique feature, which allows S7-300-PLC can deal openly with any other communications equipment, communications controller, or PLC S7-300 type can be defined by the user's own Communications protocol (of the agreement ASCII), the baud rate to 1.5 Mbit / s (adjustable). So that can greatly increase the scope of communications so that the control system configuration more flexible and convenient. Of any kind with a serial interface peripherals, such as: printers or bar code readers, Drives, a modem (Modem), the top PC-connected, and so can be used. Users can program to develop communication protocols, the exchange of data (for example: ASCII character code), RS232 interfaces with the equipment can also be used PC / PPI cable linking the free communication communications.When the PC offline, under the control of the next crew, the whole system can operate normally.2.2 Computer System (central management workstations)2.2.1 PCPC that is by control centre, mainly by the PC and laser printer components, using SIMA TIC WINCC software platform, the all-Chinese interface, friendly man-machine dialogue. Managers and operators can be observed through a PC, shown in the various kinds of information to understand the present and past the ice-storage operation of the automatic control system and all the parameters, and through the mouse to print equipment management and implementation tasks.2.2.2 WINCC software platformWINC C software in the field of automation can be used for all the operators’ control and monitoring tasks. Can be controlled in the process of the events clearly show, and shows the current status and order records, the recorded data can show all or select summary form, or may be required for editing, printing and output statements and trends .WINCC able to control the critical situation in the early stages of the report, and the signal can be displayed on the screen, can also use sound to be felt. It supported by online help and operational guidelines to eliminate failure. WINCC a workstation can be devoted to the process control to the process so that important information not is shielded. Software-assisted operation strategy ensures that the process was not illegal to visit and to provide for non-industrial environment in the wrong operation.WINCC is MICRSOFT WINDOWS98 or WINDOWS NT4.0 operating system, running on a PC object-oriented class 32-bit applications, OLE through the window and ODBC standard mechanism, as an ideal partner to enter the communications world WINDOWS, it can be easily WINCC To integrate a company-wide data processing system.3 The control of ice storage system3.1 control objectives, scope and mainly controlled equipmentStorage control system control Objective: To host the refrigeration, ice storage devices, plate heat exchanger, and the system pumps, cooling towers, pipeline control valve system to control and adjust ice storage system of the status of the operation mode, in the most economical Circumstances to the terminal to provide a stable water temperature. At the same time, improve the level of automation and improve the management efficiency and reduce management labor intensity.Control of the entire ice storage systems, including the parameters of state, state and control equipment, the main control equipment are: the status of host duplex, electrical valves, cooling towers, cooling pumps, ice storage devices, the primary glycol pump, plate heat exchanger, and Sub-glycol pumps.3.2 controlControl features include the entire ice storage system stability, economic operation with the features.3.2.1 Condition conversion featureAccording to the season and operation of machinery, automatic control system with the following conditions conversion features:a) duplex host status at the same time cooling ice-making mode; b) duplex host the status of a separate ice-making mode; c) host and the cooling mode of ice storage devices; d) the ice-melting separate cooling mode; e) alone for the host Cold mode.3.2.2 The status of Commitment, display and fault alarm functionsControl system according to the schedule in chronological order, with load forecasting software, host and external control refrigeratio n equipment and the number of start and stop all surveillance equipment, working conditions and operating parameters, such as: - refrigeration host Commitment, status and fault alarm - host refrigeration Operating parameters - host of dry cooling protection - host forrefrigeration/return water temperature, pressure, telemetry and display; - chilled water pumps start and stop, status and fault alarm - glycol pump start and stop, status and fault alarm - cooling Pump Commitment, status and fault alarm-the pressure of the bypass with significant pressure measurement Show-the cooling tower fan Commitment, status and fault alarm;For cooling tower/backwater temperature control and display - for / return water temperature, pressure remote control and display - the import and export side of plate heat exchanger temperature control and display - into the ice storage devices, export control and temperature telemetry Show - chilled water flow control and display backwater - electric valve switch, regulating valve and-control and display - outdoor temperature and humidity control and display telemetry - ice storage and display of measurement - the end of cooling load control.3.2.3 Data recording and printingControl system on some points need to monitor the trend recorded throughout the year; the entire control system can be in the load (including the biggest daily total load and full-load) and equipment uptime tables and charts to record for users. All monitoring points and the calculation of the data can be automatically print regularly.3.2.4 Manual / automatic conversion featureControl system configuration flexibility of manual / automatic conversion features.3.2.5 Optimized controlAccording to outdoor temperature, weather, the weather trend, history and other data automatically host the ice-melting or priority. Meet the load in the end, under the premise of daily End of cold storage, to run as little as possible hosts. Give full play to advantages of ice cold storage system, saving operating costs.3.2.6 Features automatic operationFrom the host computer system can work, according to a timetable for theautomatic ice-making and control system operation, the status of conversion, the system for automatic fault diagnosis, and remote alarm. Touch-screen display system running, processes, the parameters of nodes, running records, police records.3.2.7 Holidays set featuresAccording to the timetable system can be run automatically, but also can be pre-set holidays, ice control certificates and certificates of ice time, the system does not need the holiday season, when the supply of places to stop air-conditioning cooling.3.2. 8 Under the crew operating functionsThe crew operating functions are as follows:a) man-machine dialogue. The operator through the touch panel can be interactive, user interface completely in the culture, with tips, help, and the set of parameters, key settings, fault enquiries, history, and other functions.b) System settings. Including the operation of password settings, running set up, run the timetable set records overflow with automatic / manual / test selection, holiday settings, the system set of parameters (including the node temperature, pressure, the flow of the medium, the reservoir of ice, ice-making Rate, the ice-melting rate, the valve open, end load, and so on.) .c) Record of failure, running records, historical records.3.3 Remote ControlControl system through telephone lines or broadband, connections with the expert system, the system operational control, parameter changes, such as data collection, the system continuously improved and upgraded version of the software, allows users to get better service. Remote Control is aimed at users through the PSTN (public switched network transmission) of frozen remote monitoring station at different places. At the same time can achieve long-range adjustment, remote monitoring and timely maintenance, and other online, thus greatly reduce the intensityof the work, reducing costs of the project.3.4 Systems to controlControl system design and friendly interface, PLC and touch screen can be extended, the content can be extended, the parameters can be modified through the 485 communications interface or communication protocol to achieve BAS cold storage and ice-controlled system integration, saving investment, facilitate management. Centralized control system, reducing the driving force for counter area, the driving force for unity cabinet models, the same style, size line. System to control the following:a) sewage pump control; b) wind, ventilation control; c) live pump regulator; d) pump-time operation, detection, alarm; e) leaching pump regulator control; f) to build automatic control of lighting at night contour ; g) with low measurement, switch status detection and alarm.ConclusionThrough the PLC in the ice storage air-conditioning systems, to promote the use of the PLC verify the reliability of the system features, and ensure the safe operation of the system and effective energy-saving, but also for building equipment control system controller Selection of a new way. I believe in the near future, an increasing number of PLC systems in the ice storage air-conditioning systems in the use of the increasingly mature, in buildings and plant control systems will also play a role.PLC在冰蓄冷中央空调系统控制中的应用1引言冰蓄冷中央空调是将电网夜间谷荷多余电力以冰的冷量形式储存起来，在白天用电高峰时将冰融化提供空调服务。

PLC控制系统外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译

PLC控制系统一、PLC概述可编程控制器是60年代末在美国首先出现的，当时叫可编程逻辑控制器PLC （Programmable Logic Controller），目的是用来取代继电器。

以执行逻辑判断、计时、计数等顺序控制功能。

提出PLC概念的是美国通用汽车公司。

PLC的基本设计思想是把计算机功能完善、灵活、通用等优点和继电器控制系统的简单易懂、操作方便、价格便宜等优点结合起来，控制器的硬件是标准的、通用的。

根据实际应用对象，将控制内容编成软件写入控制器的用户程序存储器内,使控制器和被控对象连接方便。

70年代中期以后，PLC已广泛地使用微处理器作为中央处理器，输入输出模块和外围电路也都采用了中、大规模甚至超大规模的集成电路，这时的PLC已不再是仅有逻辑(Logic)判断功能，还同时具有数据处理、PID调节和数据通信功能。

国际电工委员会(IEC)颁布的可编程控制器标准草案中对可编程控制器作了如下的定义：可编程控制器是一种数字运算操作的电子系统，专为在工业环境下应用而设计。

它采用了可编程序的存储器，用来在其内部存储执行逻辑运算，顺序控制、定时、计数和算术运算等操作的指令，并通过数字式和模拟式的输入和输出，控制各种类型的机械或生产过程。

可编程控制器及其有关外围设备，易于与工业控制系统联成一个整体，易于扩充其功能的设计。

可编程控制器对用户来说，是一种无触点设备，改变程序即可改变生产工艺。

目前，可编程控制器已成为工厂自动化的强有力工具，得到了广泛的普及推广应用。

可编程控制器是面向用户的专用工业控制计算机，具有许多明显的特点。

①可靠性高，抗干扰能力强；②编程直观、简单；③适应性好；④功能完善，接口功能强二、PLC的历史1968年，Richard E. Morley创造出了新一代工业控制装置可编程逻辑控制器(PLC),现在，PLC已经被广泛应用于工业领域，包括机械制造也、运输系统、化学过程设备、等许多其他领域。

基于PLC的自动售货机控制系统的设计论文

毕业论文（设计）基于PLC的自动售货机控制系统的设计The Design of Vending Machines Control SystemBased on PLC工业职业技术学院毕业设计（论文）任务书课题名称基于PLC的自动售货机控制系统的设计课题性质工程设计类班级电气自动化092班一．选题意义与背景自动售货机是可完成无人自动售货，集光、机、电一体化的商业自动化设备。

自动售货机不受任何场地限制，方便快捷，可以每天24h售货，因此深受上班族的欢迎。

随着科技发展和市场繁荣，很多城市的公共场所里面都放置有自动售货机，出售的商品五花八门，从饮料、零食、香烟、糖果，到牙刷、方便面、自动照相机。

近年来，我国的自动售货机行业突飞猛进：在汽车总站、商厦、医院、小区、学校等地区纷纷涌现出自动售货机的踪迹。

这种方便快捷的购物方式越来越受到人们的青睐，同时也是现代化城市配套设施的需求。

在人口集中的学校、车站、医院等地方，瓶装的饮料造成大量资金与产品的浪费，本课题就研究用PLC实现散装饮料的自动销售，要求给出自动售货机控制系统的硬件电路设计和软件设计。

二．毕业设计（论文）主要容：合理选择PLC类型，设计自动售货机控制系统。

具体要求如下：1、画出售货机控制流程图；2、合理分配PLC的I/O接口；3、画出相应的售货机连接线路图；4、编写控制程序并进行仿真调试。

●售货机可投入不同币种。

●投入总币数进行等级划分，并通过不同的按钮指示灯指示。

●当货物排出后延时指示灯灭。

●钱币多通过找币系统找币。

●系统运行状态应有指示。

四．毕业设计（论文）结束应提交的材料：1、毕业论文。

2、仿真运行系统程序。

指导教师教研室主任年月日年月日论文真实性承诺与指导教师声明学生论文真实性承诺本人重声明：所提交的作品是本人在指导教师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果，容真实可靠，不存在抄袭、造假等学术不端行为。

除文中已经注明引用的容外，本论文不含其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。

可编程逻辑控制器外文翻译

可编程逻辑控制器外文翻译1．PLC介绍众所周知，科技世界里只有一个永恒真理，那确实是变化。

这在可编程逻辑操纵器（PLC）及其各种应用的进展过程中尤为明显。

自从三十多年前将PLC引进以来，PLC差不多在广泛的工业领域中成为几十万操纵系统的基础。

从本质上讲，PLC是一种用高度专业化语言编程的工业运算机，并连续受益于运算机和信息技术领域的技术进步，它的最突出之处是小型化和通信功能。

可编程逻辑操纵器I/O通道规则包括所有的输入触点和输出触点，扩展能力和最大数量的通道。

触点数量是输入点和输出点的总和。

PLC能够指定这些值的任何可能的组合。

扩展单元能够被堆栈或互相连接来增加总的操纵能力。

最大数量的通道是在一个扩展系统中输入和输出通道的最大总数量。

PLC系统规则包括扫描时刻，指令数量，数据储备和程序储备。

扫描时刻是PLC需要的用来检测输入输出模块的时刻。

指令是用于PLC软件（例如数学运算）的标准操作。

数据储备是储备数据的能力。

程序储备是操纵软件的能力。

用于可编程逻辑操纵器的输入设备包括DC，AC，中间继电器，热电偶，RTD，频率或脉冲，晶体管和中断信号输入；输出设备包括DC，AC，继电器，中间继电器，频率或脉冲，晶体管，三端双向可控硅开关元件；P LC的编程设备包括操纵面板，手柄和运算机。

可编程逻辑操纵器用各种软件编程语言来操纵。

这些语言包括IEC611 31-3，顺序执行表（SFC），动作方块图（FBD），梯形图（LD），结构文本（ST），指令序列（IL），继电器梯形图（RIL），流程图，C语言和Basic语言。

IEC61131-3编程环境能支持五种语言，用国际标准加以规范，分不为SFC，FBD，LD，ST和IL。

这便承诺了多卖主兼容性和多种语言编程。

SFC是一种图表语言，它提供了编程顺序的配合，就能支持顺序选择和并列选择，二者择其一即可。

FBD用一种大的运行库，以图表形式建立了一些复杂的过程。

标准数学和逻辑运行能够与用户交流和接口运行相结合。

PLC全英文ppt课件精选全文

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Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
by Lily (Liu Qingping)
Introduction
• Three points: • What is PLC? • History and development of PLC • PLC Structure
•Learning outcome:
•Understand roughly about PLC technology including applications, history and development, hardware and software.
•Can design a simple ladder diagram to control the motor to start and stop.
• In 1969, the DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation)
according to the requirements of GM has researched and developed the world's first PLC, and this PLC was used successfully in the production line of GM. • Since they has used the PLC in their production line, the efficiency is greatly increased and the cost is greatly reduced. • The automotive industry is still one of the largest users of PLC .

PLC的英文作文

PLC的英文作文PLC stands for Programmable Logic Controller. It is a digital computer used in industries to control and monitor various processes. PLCs have revolutionized automation and have become an integral part of modern manufacturing.PLCs are like the brain of a factory, controlling everything from production lines to temperature and pressure levels. They are designed to be flexible, allowing engineers to easily program and modify them to suit different needs. This flexibility is crucial in today'sfast-paced manufacturing environment, where production requirements can change frequently.One of the key advantages of PLCs is their reliability. They are built to withstand harsh industrial environments and can operate continuously for long periods without failure. This reliability is essential to ensure smooth and uninterrupted operation of the manufacturing processes.PLCs also offer a high level of accuracy and precision. They can perform complex calculations and make decisions based on real-time data. This enables them to control processes with a high degree of accuracy, ensuring consistent product quality and minimizing waste.Another important feature of PLCs is their ability to communicate with other devices and systems. They can be connected to sensors, actuators, and other control devices, allowing for seamless integration with the entire production system. This enables real-time monitoring and control of the manufacturing processes, increasing efficiency and productivity.In addition to their technical capabilities, PLCs are also cost-effective. They are generally more affordable than traditional control systems and require less maintenance. This makes them a popular choice for small and medium-sized businesses that want to automate their processes without breaking the bank.Overall, PLCs have revolutionized industrial automationand have become an essential tool for modern manufacturing. Their flexibility, reliability, accuracy, communication capabilities, and cost-effectiveness make them the go-to solution for controlling and monitoring processes in industries worldwide.。

PLC小英语作文

PLC小英语作文In the realm of industrial automation, Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) have emerged as a cornerstone technology. PLCs are digital computers used for automation of electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines, amusement rides, or light fixtures. They are designed to be highly reliable and easy to program, which makes them an essential component in modern manufacturing.One of the key advantages of PLCs is their flexibility. They can be reprogrammed to meet the changing needs of a production line without the need for physical hardware changes. This adaptability allows businesses to quickly respond to market demands and make adjustments to their production processes with minimal downtime.Another significant benefit of PLCs is their robustness. They are built to withstand harsh industrial environments and can operate reliably in temperatures, humidity, and dust conditions that would be detrimental to standard computers. This durability ensures that the automation process remains uninterrupted, contributing to the overall efficiency of the production line.PLCs also offer a high level of integration with other systems. They can be easily connected to sensors, actuators, and other control devices, creating a seamless network ofcontrol that can be monitored and managed from a central location. This integration is crucial for achieving a high degree of automation and for implementing complex control algorithms.Moreover, the use of PLCs enhances safety in industrial settings. They can be programmed to enforce safety protocols, such as emergency stop procedures or machine guarding, which helps to prevent accidents and protect workers.In conclusion, PLCs play a vital role in modern automation, providing flexibility, reliability, integration, and safety. As industries continue to evolve and the demand for automation increases, the role of PLCs is likely to become even more significant in the future of manufacturing and process control.。

plc原理及应用设计实训的英文

plc原理及应用设计实训的英文PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) is a digital computer-based control system used in industrial automation processes. It is designed to control machinery and perform various tasks by monitoring inputs and making decisions based on predefined program instructions. PLCs are widely used in industrial and manufacturing settings due to their reliability, versatility, and ease of programming.The principle of operation of a PLC involves three main components: the input module, the central processing unit (CPU), and the output module. The input module receives signals from sensors and switches, which are then processed by the CPU. The CPU executes the program stored in its memory and makes decisions based on the input signals. Finally, the output module sends signals to actuators and devices to control the machinery or process.The applications of PLCs are extensive and span across various industries. One of the most common applications is in factory automation, where PLCs are used to control assembly lines, conveyors, and robotic systems. PLCs also find applications in power plants for monitoring and controlling electrical generation and distribution systems. They are used in transportation systems, such as traffic lights and railway signals, to ensure smooth and efficient operation. Additionally, PLCs are employed in oil refineries, chemical plants, and food processing plants for process control and monitoring.When designing a PLC application, several considerations shouldbe taken into account. Firstly, the requirements and specifications of the process or machinery to be controlled should be clearly defined. This includes identifying the inputs and outputs, the desired functionality, and any safety or regulatory requirements. The second step involves selecting the appropriate PLC hardware and software. The hardware should be capable of handling the required number of input and output signals and should have sufficient processing power. The software should be user-friendly and support the programming language used by the PLC.Once the hardware and software are selected, the programming phase begins. The program is typically developed using ladder logic, a graphical programming language that resembles electrical circuits. It allows the programmer to easily represent the logical relationships between inputs and outputs. The program is then downloaded to the PLC's memory and executed by the CPU.During the implementation phase, the physical connections between the PLC and the sensors, switches, and actuators are established. The inputs and outputs are connected to the appropriate modules on the PLC. The wiring should be properly labeled and organized to ensure easy troubleshooting and maintenance.After the PLC application is implemented, it undergoes testing and debugging. This involves simulating different scenarios and verifying that the PLC responds correctly to various inputs. Any issues or errors encountered during testing are addressed and corrected.In conclusion, PLCs are essential tools for industrial automation and control. Their ability to monitor inputs and make real-time decisions based on predefined programs makes them invaluable in a wide range of industries. When designing a PLC application, thorough planning, hardware and software selection, and careful programming are crucial to ensure a successful implementation.。

介绍plc英语作文

介绍plc英语作文Introduction to PLC。

Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a digital computer used in automation systems for controlling industrial processes and machinery. It is a device that can be programmed to perform a set of instructions to control a machine or process. The PLC system is widely used in industries such as manufacturing, food processing, and oil and gas.PLC Basics。

A PLC consists of a central processing unit (CPU), input/output (I/O) modules, and a programming device. The CPU is the brain of the PLC and executes the program instructions. The I/O modules are used to interface the PLC with the external world, such as sensors, actuators, and other devices. The programming device is used to write and edit the program instructions.PLC Programming。

PLC programming is done using a programming language called ladder logic. Ladder logic is a graphical language that uses symbols to represent different functions and operations. The ladder logic program is created using a programming software, which is then downloaded into the PLC memory.PLC Applications。

关于PLC的中英文献翻译工业控制系统之欧阳治创编

INDUSTRIAL ANDCOLLABORATIVECONTROL SYSTEMS-- A COMPLEMENTARY SYMBIOSIS –-Looking at today’s control system one can find a wide variety of implementations. From pure industrial to collaborative control system (CCS) tool kits to home grown systems and any variation in-between. Decisions on the type of implementation should be driven by technical arguments Reality shows that financial and sociological reasons form the complete picture. Any decision has it’s advantages and it’s drawbacks.Reliability, good documentation and support are arguments for industrial controls. Financial arguments drive decisions towards collaborative tools. Keeping the hands on the source code and being able to solve problems on your own and faster than industry are the argument for home grown solutions or open source solutions. The experience of many years of operations shows that which solution is the primary one does not matter, there are always areas where at least part of the other implementations exist. As a result heterogeneous systems have to be maintained. The support for different protocols is essential. This paper describes our experience with industrial control systems, PLC controlled turn key systems, the CCS tool kit EPICS and the operability between all of them.-INTRODUCTIONProcess controls in general started at DESY in theearly 80th with the installation of the cryogenic control system for the accelerator HERA (Hadron-Elektron-Ring-Anlage). A new technology was necessary because the existing hardware was not capable to handle standard process controls signals like 4 to 20mA input and output signals and the software was not designed to run PID control loops at a stable repetition rate of 0.1 seconds. In addition sequence programs were necessary to implement startup and shutdown procedures for the complex cryogenic processes like cold boxes and compete compressor streets.Soon it was necessary to add interfaces to field buses and to add computing power to cryogenic controls.Since the installed D/3 system[1] only provided an documented serial connection on a multibus board, the decision was made to implement a DMA connection to VME and to emulate the multibus board’s functionality. The necessary computing power for temperature conversions came from a Motorola MVME 167 CPU and the field bus adapter to the in house SEDAC field bus was running on an additional MVME 162. The operating system was VxWorks and the application was the EPICS toolkit. Since this implementation was successful it was also implemented for the utility controls which were looking for a generic solution to supervise their distributed PLC’s.A SELECTION OF PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS AT DESYDCS (D/3)As a result of a market survey the D/3 system from GSE was selected for the HERA cryogenic plant. The decision was fortunate because of the DCS character of the D/3. The possibility to expand the system on the display- and on the I/O side helped to solve theincreasing control demands for HERA. The limiting factor for the size of the system is not the total number of I/O but the traffic on the communication network. This traffic is determined by the total amount of archived data not by the data configured in the alarm system. The technical background of this limitation is the fact that archived data are polled from the display servers whereas the alarms are pushed to configured destinations like alarm-files, (printer) queues or displays.SCADA Systems with DCS Features (Cube)The fact that the D/3 system mentioned above had some hard coded limitations with respect to the Y2K problem was forcing us to look for an upgrade or a replacement of the existing system. As a result of a call for tender the company Orsi with their product Cube came into play [2]. The project included a complete replacement of the installed functionality.This included the D/3 as well as the integration of the DESY field bus SEDAC and the temperature conversion in VME. The project started promising.But soon technical and organizational problems were pushing the schedule t o it’s limits which were determined by the HERA shutdown scheduled at that time. The final acceptance test at the vendors site showed dramatic performance problems. Two factors could be identified as the cause of these problems.The first one was related to the under estimated CPU load of the 6th grade polynomial temperature conversion running at 1 Hz. The second one was the additional CPU load caused by the complex functionality of the existing D/3 system. Here it was underestimated that each digital and analog input and output channel had it’s own alarm limits in the D/3 system. In a SCADA like system as Cube the base functionality of a channel is to read the value and make it available to the system. Any additional functionality must be added. Last not least the load onthe network for polling all the alarm limits – typically for a SCADA system – was also driving the network to it’s limits.Finally the contract with Orsi was cancelled and an upgrade of the D/3 system was the only possible solution. It was finally carried out in march 2003.In any case it should be mentioned that the Cube approach had the advantage of a homogeneous configuration environment (for the Cube front end controllers) –compared with heterogeneous environments for ‘pure’ SCADA syst ems. SCADA (PVSS-II)The H1 experiment at the HERA accelerator decided to use PVSS-II for an upgrade of their slow control systems[3]. The existing systems were developed by several members of the H1 collaboration and were difficult to maintain. The decision to use PVSS as a replacement was driven by the results of an extensive survey carried out at CERN by the Joint Controls Project [4]. PVSS is a ‘pure’ Supervisory And Data Acquisition System (SCADA). It provides a set of drivers for several field buses and generic socket libraries to implement communication over TCP/IP. The core element is the so called event manager. It collects the data (mostly by polling) from the I/O devices and provides an event service to the attached management services like: control manager, database manager, user interface, API manager and the built in HTTP server.The PVSS scripting library allows to implement complex sequences as well as complex graphics.Compared with other SCADA systems PVSS comes with one basic feature: it provides a true object oriented API to the device’s data.One major disadvantage of SCADA systems is the fact that two databases, the one for the PLC and the one for the SCADA system must be maintained.Integrated environments try to overcome thisrestriction.EPICSEPICS has emerged at DESY from a problem solver to a fully integrated control system. Starting from the data collector and number cruncher for the cryogenic control system, EPICS made it’s way to become the core application for the DESY utility group. In addition it is used wherever data is available through VME boards or by means of Industry Pack (IP) modules. For those cryogenic systems which are not controlled by the D/3 system EPICS is used with it’s complete functionality. In total about 50Input Output Controller (IOC) are operational processing about 25 thousand records.1 EPICS as a SCADA SystemThe utility group ( water, electrical power, compressed air, heating and air conditioning) is using a variety of PLC’s spread out over the whol e DESY site. EPICS is used to collect the data from these PLC’s over Profibus (FMS and DP) and over Ethernet (Siemens H1 and TCP). The IOC’s provide the interfaces to the buses and collect the data. The built in alarm checking of the EPICS records is used to store and forward alarm states to the alarm handler (alh) of the EPICS toolkit. In addition tools like the channel archiver and the graphic display (dm2k) are used. The default name resolution (by UDP broadcast) and the directory server (name server) are used to connectclient and server applications over TCP. All of these are basically SCADA functions.The textual representation of all configuration files ( for the IOC, the graphic tool, the alarm handler and the archiver) provides a flexible configuration scheme.At DESY the utility group has developed a set of tools to create IOC databases and alarm configuration files from Oracle. This way the controls groupprovides the service to maintain the EPICS tools and the IOC’s while the users can concentrat e on the equipment being controlled.2 EPICS as a DCS SystemBesides the basic components of a SCADA system EPICS also provides a full flavoured Input Output Controller (IOC). The IOC provides all of the function a DCS system requires, such as: a standard set of properties implemented in each record, built in alarm checking processed during the execution of each record; control records like PID etc.;configuration tools for the processing engine. The flexible naming scheme and the default display and alarm properties for each record ease the connection between the operator tools and the IOC’s. The flexible data acquisition supports the poll mode as well as the publish subscribe mode. The latter reduces the traffic drastically.PLC’sPLC’s provide nowaday s the same rich functionality as it was known from stand alone control systems in the past. Besides the basic features like the periodic execution of a defined set of functions they also allow extensive communication over Ethernet including embedded http servers and different sets of communication programs. Besides the communication processors, display processors can be linked to PLC’s to provide local displays which can be comprised as touch panels for operator intervention and value settings.These kind of PLC’s are attractive for turn key systems which are commissioned at the vendors site and later integrated into the customers control system. Intelligent I/ONew developments in I/O devices allow to‘cluster’ I/O in even smaller groups and connect theses clustered I/O channels directly to the control system. PLC’s are not any more necessary for distributed I/O. Simple communication processors for any kind of field buses or for Ethernet allow an easy integration into the existing controls infrastructure. Little local engines can run IEC 61131 programs. The differences between PLC’s and intelligent I/O subsystems fade away.FUNCTIONALITYThe ever lasting question why control systems for accelerators and other highly specialized equipment are often home grown or at least developed in a collaboration but only in rare cases commercial shall not be answered here. We try to summarize here basic functionalities of different controls approaches. Front-end ControllerOne of the core elements of a control system is the front-end controller. PLC’s can be used to implement most of the functions to control the equipment. The disadvantage is the complicated access to the controls properties. For instance all of the properties of a control loop like the P, I and D parameter, but also the alarm limits and other additional properties must be addressed individually in order to identify them in the communication protocol and last not least in the display-, alarm- and archive programs. In addition any kind of modifications of these embedded properties is difficult to track because two or more systems are involved. This might be one strong argument why control loops are mainly implemented on the IOC level rather than PLC’s.1 I/O and Control LoopsComplex control algorithms and control loops are the domain of DCS alike control systems. Thesupport for sets of predefined display and controls properties is essential. If not already available (like in DCS systems) such sets of generic properties are typically specified throughout a complete control system (see namespaces).2 Sequence/ State programsSequence programs can run on any processor in a control system. The runtime environment depends on the relevance of the code for the control system.Programs fulfilling watchdog functions have to run on the front-end processor directly. Sequence programs for complicated startup and shutdown procedures could be run on a workstation as well. The basic functionality of a state machine can be even implemented in IEC 61131. Code generators can produce ‘C’ code which can be compiled for the runtime environment.3 Supported HardwareThe support for field buses and Ethernet based I/O is a basic functionality for SCADA type systems it is commercially available from any SCADA system on the market. The integration of specific hardware with specific drivers and data conversion is the hard part ina commercial environment. Open API’s or scriptingsupport sometimes help to integrate custom hardware.If these tools are not provided for the control system it is difficult – if not impossible - to integrate custom hardware.New industrial standards like OPC allow the communication with OPC aware devices and the communication between control systems. One boundary condition for this kind of functionality is the underlying operating system. In the case of OPC it is bound to DCOM which is a Microsoft standard.UNIX based control systems have a hard time to get connected. Only control systems supporting multipleplatforms can play a major role in a heterogeneous environments.As a result the limited support for custom- or specialized hardware may give reason for the development of a new control system.Display and OperationBesides the front-end system the operator interfaces play a major role for the acceptance of a control system. SCADA tools come with a homogeneous look and feel throughout their set of tools. Toolkits implemented in a collaboration might vary because the individual tools were developed by different teams.1 GraphicSynoptic displays are the advertising sign for any control system. Commercial synoptic displays come with a rich functionality and lots of special features.Starting to make use of all these features one will find out that all individual properties of the graphic objects must be specified individually. Since SCADA systems must be generic they cannot foresee that an input channel does not only consist of a value but also consists of properties like display ranges and alarm values. Defining all of these properties again and again can be a pretty boring job. Some systems allow to generate prototypes of graphic objects. These prototype or template graphics are complex and needa specialist to generate them.DCS or custom synoptic display programs can make use of the common set of properties each I/O point provides. This predefined naming scheme will fill in all standard property values and thus only require to enter the record –or device name into theconfiguration tool. A clear advantage for control systems with a notion of I/O objects rather than I/O points.2 AlarmingAlarms are good candidates to distinguish between different control system architectures. Those systems which have I/O object implemented also provide alarm checking on the front-end computer. Those systems which only know about I/O points have to add alarm checking into the I/O processing. While the I/O object approach allows to implement alarm checking in the native programming language of the front-end system, I/O point oriented systems typically have to implement this functionality in their native scripting language. This is typically less efficient and error prone because all properties must be individually configured. This leads to a flood of properties. Not only the error states for each I/O point wind up to be individual I/O points but also the alarm limits and the alarm severity of each limit mustbe defined as I/O points if it is desired to be able to change their values during runtime.Besides this impact on the configuration side the processing and forwarding of alarms makes the difference between SCADA and DCS systems. Since SCADA systems inherently do not ‘know’ about alarms, each alarm state must be polled either directly from the client application or in advanced cases from an event manager which will forward alarm states to the clients. In any case a lot of overhead for ‘just’ checking alarm limits. DCS system again have the advantage that clients can either register themselves for alarm states und thus get the information forwarded or are configured to send alarmchanges to certain destinations spread around the control system.The latter case is only possible for systems which in total are configured with all the nodes taking part in the controls network.3 Trending and ArchivingTrending has become an important business in control systems architectures. Trends are necessary totrace error conditions or for post mortem and performance analysis of the controlled plant. Besides some custom implementations which are capable to store the data of complete control objects, most of the trending tools archive scalar data. Additional features like conditional trending or correlation plots make up the difference between individual implementations.4 Programming InterfacesWith respect to open programming interfaces PLC’s and DCS systems have a common strategy.They are running reliably because there’s no way to integrate custom code which could interfere with the internal processing. As a consequence the customer has to order ‘specials’ - which are extremely expensive – or forget about it and use the system asa black box.Since SCADA systems by definition must be able to communicate with a variety of I/O subsystems they already have some built in API’s which allow to integrate custom functionality.Specially collaborative systems need a certain openness to fulfill all the requirements from various development groups. Programming interfaces on all levels like font-end I/O, front-end processing, networking etc. are mandatory. A clear advantage for this type of system.5 RedundancyIf redundancy means the seamless switch which takes over all the states and all the values of the I/O and all states of all programs currently running, it is a domain of only a few DCS systems. Custom or CCS implementation do not provide this kind of functionality. Maybe because of the immense effort and the fact that it is only required in rare cases.Besides processor redundancy, redundant networksor I/O subsystems are available for certain commercial DCS systems. Again – a domain which is not covered by SCADA or CCS implementations.Advanced safety requirements may be covered by redundant PLC subsystems. These are for instance installed in (nuclear) power plants. Requirements for Personal Protection Systems (PPS) can sometimes on ly be fulfilled by redundant PLC’s. In process controls redundant PLC’s are only used in rare cases.6 NamespaceThe flat namespace of SCADA systems has already been described in the alarm section. Some SCADA systems (like PVSS-II) provide the notion of control objects or structured data which is a rare case. In all other cases so called field objects must be specified.These are objects which consist of a list of properties (implemented as I/O points) and a set of methods ( implemented asmacros or function calls). One of these approaches is the UniNified Industrial COntrol System (UNICOS) at CERN [5].DCS systems and most of the custom/ collaborative systems are record –or device oriented. The difference being that typically one record is connected to a single I/O point and provides this way all sub features of a record implementation like individual engineering units, display- and alarm limits. The device oriented approach allows to connect several I/O points. The major difference being the fact that an object oriented device implementation provides methods and states for a device while (EPICS) records only serve a certain set of built in functions.Naming hierarchies are not specific to a type of implementation. They are available for some systems of any kind. For sure hierarchical naming schemes are desirable.IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIESAfter having shown all the possible controls approaches it is time to have a look at the implementation of control systems.Starting from the I/O level one has to decide whether commercial solution are required, feasible or wanted.Special I/O does not always require custom solution for the font-end controller. Signals can be converted into standard signals but this does not apply for all kinds of signals. Resolution, repetition rates and signal levels might require custom developments which must be integrated into the overall control architecture. Even if the signals can not be connected to standard I/O interfaces it might be possible to develop I/O controllers which implement a field bus interface which allow the integration with commercial control systems. Once this level of integration is not possible custom front-end controllers like VME crates come into play.Besides the decision whether special I/O requires dedicated custom solutions one has to decide who will do which part of the work? Does for instance the necessity of VME crates prohibit the delivery of a ‘turn key’ system built by industry? Or does a PLC based front-end system require a commercial SCADA system for high level controls?Turn Key SystemsIt is a clear trend in industry to deliver turn key systems. It allows a modular design of the whole system. Individual components can be subcontracted to several companies and tested locally. Once delivered to the construction site the primary acceptance tests have already been passed and the second phase, to integrate the subsystem into the global control system begins.While the detailed specification of control loops etc.is now part of the subsystems contract, the customer has to specify clearly how much information of thesubsystem must be made available, what the data structures will look like and which connection (field bus/ Ethernet) will be used.Most turn key systems are delivered with PLC’s.The construction of the Swiss Light Source (SLS) has shown that also a VME based I/O system running a CCS –in this case EPICS –can be successfully commissioned [6].PLC Based SystemsPLC based systems are a consequence of the turn key ansatz. The next obvious approach might be to look besides commercial PLC’s also for commercial SCADA systems. The advantage is clearly the same like for the PLC: stable software, no programming –only configuration, support and good documentation.At DESY we have successfully established a relation between the controls group which provides a CCS service based on EPICS and the utility group which uses the EPICS configuration tools to set up their control environment. The big advantage though being that the EPICS code can be adjusted to the special requirements from both sides.Industrial SolutionsThe difference between CCS solutions and commercial solutions is fading away as soon as industry starts to deliver and support collaborative control systems. At KEK a company was contracted to supply programmers for the KEK-B upgrade.These programmers were trained in writing drivers and application code for EPICS. As a result the KEK-B control system is a mixture of software developedpartly by industry and partly in house. This is another example for an industrial involvement for a CCS implementation.COSTThe question: “Was is the total cost of ownership (TCO) of a PC?” has kept people busy since PC’s exist. The answers vary to all extremes. The question what is the TCO of a control system might give similar results.If you go commercial you have to pay for the initial licenses the implementation which is typically carried out by the supplier or by a subcontractor, and you pay for the on going software support which might or might not include the update license fee.If you go for a collaborative approach, you might contract a company or implement everything on your own. A question of ‘time and money’ as industry says. You will have more freedom and flexibility for your implementations but also a steeper learning curve. You can rely on the collaboration to provide new features and versions or you can contribute yourself. A major difference calculating the long term costs for a control system.At DESY one can roughly estimate that the (controls application)-support for a commercial approach –here D/3 - and the -support for a collaborative approach –here EPICS - is nearly the same. The software support and upgrade license fee is equivalent to one and a half FTE’s –which is about the manpower necessary to support new hardware and to upgrade EPICS.CONCLUSIONSDepending on the size and the requirements for a controls project the combination of commercial solutions and solutions based on a collaborative approach is possible in any rate between 0 and 100 percent. This applies for all levels from implementation to long term support. Special requirements on safety issues or a lack of manpower might turn the scale commercial. The necessity to interface special hardware, special timing requirements, the ‘having the code in my hands’ argument or theinitial costs for commercial solutions will turn the scale collaborative. As long as collaborative approaches like EPICS stay up to date and run as stable and robust as commercial solutions, both will keep their position in the controls world in a complementary symbiosis.外文资料翻译外文翻译译文工业控制系统和协同控制系统当今的控制系统被广泛运用于许多领域。

PLC的工作原理中英文翻译

PLC的工作原理可编程控制器，英文称ProgrammableLogicController，简称PLC。

PLC是基于电子计算机，且适用于工业现场工作的电控制器。

它源于继电控制装置，但它不像继电装置那样，通过电路的物理过程实现控制，而主要靠运行存储于PLC内存中的程序，进行入出信息变换实现控制。

PLC基于电子计算机，但并不等同于普通计算机。

普遍计算机进行入出信息变换，多只考虑信息本身，信息的入出，只要人机界面好就可以了。

而PLC则还要考虑信息入出的可靠性、实时性，以及信息的使用等问题。

特别要考虑怎么适应于工业环境，如便于安装，抗干扰等问题。

当PLC投入运行后，其工作过程一般分为三个阶段，即输入采样、用户程序执行和输出刷新三个阶段。

完成上述三个阶段称作一个扫描周期。

在整个运行期间，PLC的CPU以一定的扫描速度重复执行上述三个阶段。

1．输入采样阶段在输入采样阶段，PLC以扫描方式依次地读入所有输入状态和数据，并将它们存入I/O映象区中的相应得单元内。

输入采样结束后，转入用户程序执行和输出刷新阶段。

在这两个阶段中，即使输入状态和数据发生变化，I/O映象区中的相应单元的状态和数据也不会改变。

因此，如果输入是脉冲信号，则该脉冲信号的宽度必须大于一个扫描周期，才能保证在任何情况下，该输入均能被读入。

2.用户程序执行阶段在用户程序执行阶段，PLC总是按由上而下的顺序依次地扫描用户程序(梯形图)。

在扫描每一条梯形图时，又总是先扫描梯形图左边的由各触点构成的控制线路，并按先左后右、先上后下的顺序对由触点构成的控制线路进行逻辑运算，然后根据逻辑运算的结果，刷新该逻辑线圈在系统RAM存储区中对应位的状态；或者刷新该输出线圈在I/O映象区中对应位的状态；或者确定是否要执行该梯形图所规定的特殊功能指令。

即，在用户程序执行过程中，只有输入点在I/O映象区内的状态和数据不会发生变化，而其他输出点和软设备在I/O映象区或系统RAM存储区内的状态和数据都有可能发生变化，而且排在上面的梯形图，其程序执行结果会对排在下面的凡是用到这些线圈或数据的梯形图起作用；相反，排在下面的梯形图，其被刷新的逻辑线圈的状态或数据只能到下一个扫描周期才能对排在其上面的程序起作用。

毕业设计(论文)-plc自动售货机控制系统设计[管理资料]

摘要自动售货机是能根据投入的钱币自动付货的机器。

自动售货机是商业自动化的常用设备，它不受时间、地点的限制，能节省人力、方便交易。

是一种全新的商业零售形式，又被称为24小时营业的微型超市。

能分为三种：饮料自动售货机、食品自动售货机、综合自动售货机。

我国国内自动售货机应用的地方也很多，在超市，报亭旁等地方都有设自动售货机。

初始制造的自动售货机它的原始装置是古希腊人希罗制造的自动出售圣水的装置。

那也是世界上最早的自动售货机。

之后又由美国研制出出售香烟的售货机，此后又出现出售车票、邮票各种现代化自动售货机的种类。

接着，又由欧美日本发展起来。

现在世界各地都很流行。

我们接触到的自动售货机多是用于供给饮品、茶点的食物自动售货机。

它给我们带来了这么大的收益，并且它的自身程序设置又是一个什么样的呢？在我们购买自动售货机里的物品与其交易时，交易过程可分为几个程序块，然后分别对程序块进行编程，这就涉及到PLC的控制了。

本文介绍了自动售货机的基本原理以及工作流程，然后以一次交易过程为例，把交易过程分为几个程序块，然后分别对程序块进行编程。

具体说明了可编程序控制器在自动售货机中的作用。

程序涉及到了自动售货机工作的绝大部分过程。

利用PLC控制的自动售货机提高了系统的稳定性，保证自动售货机能够长期稳定运行。

关键字:PLC（可编程序控制器）、自动售货机、古希腊引言自动售货机是一种全新的商业零售形式，20世纪70年代自日本和欧美发展起来。

它又被称为24小时营业的微型超市。

在日本，70%的罐装饮料是通过自动售货机售出的；全球著名饮料商可口可乐公司在全世界就布有50万台饮料自动售货机。

随着电脑技术的发展，自动售货机越来越普及。

不仅在不同的客流人群多的地点出现而且自动售货机出售的商品也越来越多样化。

从一开始的饮品到现在的生活用品以及其他的急需用品。

在中国，自动售货机1999年开始进入中国市场。

如今，在机场、地铁、商场、公园等客流较大的场所，以不难发现自动售货机的身影。

PLC 外文翻译外文文献英文文献-啤酒灌装、压盖机PLC控制系统

Beer filling, Gland machine PLC control system1.IntorductionMalt beer production process is divided into manufacturing, manufacturing wort, before fermentation, after fermentation, filtration sterilization, packaging, and so few procedures. Beer filling, Gland part of a packaging machine processes. The membrane filtration of beer after the pipeline into the rotary Jiugang, then the valve into the bottle of wine, Gland, was bottled beer. Beer filling, Gland machine's efficiency and degree of automation direct impact on the level of beer production.China's beer industry to meet the increasing scale of production and the demand for beer modern high-speed filling machinery filling the requirements of domestic beer manufacturers are actively seeking to transform the unit or the filling of beer production equipment, making it a good use Performance, advanced technology and high production efficiency and operating a safe and secure, low maintenance costs of the modernization of beer filling machine.2. Filling beer, Gland principle and control aircraft partsLiquid filling machine by filling principle can be divided into atmospheric filler,filling machines and vacuum pressure on the filling machine. Beer filling,Gland-filling method used pressure is higher than the atmospheric pressure under the filling, storage of the cylinder pressure than the pressure of the bottle, beer bottle into the liquid on pressure.Technology at home and abroad to achieve the filling line is basically: The Rotary Jiugang the rotating movement, placed in Jiugang slots on the empty bottles through the machinery will be fixed at the upper Jiugang vacuum valve to open, closed Vacuum bottles for good treatment, Bozhuan stem from operating, open the valve of the bottle filling CO2 gases, vacuum convex .Round to open the vacuum valve, the bottle will air mixed with CO2 out of gas, open the valve again, the CO2gas bottle filling, the filling valve on the pressure valve in the bottle close to back-pressure gas pressure at the open-Jiuye Pingbi into the bottle, through pneumatic or electrical control filling valve to achieve the filling of beer.Today's advanced international beer filling, Gland machine control system mainly by the photoelectric switch position detection part and take the bottles with, Jiugang speed part, dominated by the PLC, touch screen and other components. Filling, Gland of the mechanical structure and PLC programmable control devices, frequency stepless speed regulation, human-computer interface, and other modern means of complete automatic control technology, the combination of a mechanical and electrical integration.3. Controlled part of the programmeMany domestic beer manufacturers are now using the filling, Gland of the control system of uneven degree of automation; button and all the manual switch technology have set up operations in a box on the panel, PLC controller for the majority of Japanese companies or OMRON Mitsubishi's early products, equipment chain of control, less protection settings, plus the beer filling the scene poor environment, humidity, such as contact with the switch contacts serious corrosion, the system's signal detection of the high failure rate, resulting in equipment control system Operation of low reliability, the normal operation of equipment, such as short-cycle phenomenon.To the actual transformation of the Dandong Yalu River Brewery Co., Ltd. of filling, Gland machine control system as an example, the transformation of methods to clarify the control of such equipment thinking and ideas, according to the scene of the actual process conditions, to prepare the operation of the PLC Procedures. For beer filling, Gland control system of the actual situation and in accordance with the actual process conditions at the scene, re-design of the equipment of the PLC control system. This transformation of the same methods and ideas can be applied to other liquids and the transformation of filling equipment.3.1 system hardware configurationJapan's Mitsubishi Corporation to use the FX2N128MRPLC use the system to replace the original 2-OMRON's C60P PLC, the original system of the PLC is due to old models, and computer on-line communications need to configure special converters, the system need to increase the external I / O input points , The extension of spare parts more difficult to find. FX2N128MRPLC is an integrated 128-point I / O controller of the box, a computing speed, command rich, high-cost performance, on-line programming simple and easy extension of the advantages of the Mitsubishi FX series, features the strongest small controller .(1) by the Mitsubishi 900 series of 970 GOT human-computer touch screen system to replace the original use of the button panel display equipment and monitor the operation of operating parameters. 970GOT HMI for the 16-color high-brightness significantly, through the convergence of connectivity and FX2N128MRPLC directly connected to the CPU, achieving rapid response. Has many maintenance features, such as the list-editing features, ladder monitoring (troubleshooting) function, the system monitoring functions to find fault and maintenance of PLC Systems.(2) filling, Gland of the frequency converter in the transformation of no replacement, on-site detection signal means-testing is still used switch, switch for detecting long-term work in the humidity of the great occasions, the choice of capacitive proximity switches, according to PLC I / O terminal of the connection mode, select the type of close PNP switch, the control system of Figure 1.3.2Systems ProgrammingPLC controller programming focus and the core is around Jiugang the rotation speed control and Jiugang on 60 bottles of detecting the location of the displaced, broken bottles, empty bottles at the location of testing and related displacement filling Such as control valves. The bottles displacement of testing procedures, using a Mitsubishi PLC in the left command.Figure 1 control system structure diagram .Bottles displacement of detection, using the left-PLC command, whichcommands the whole of one of the core control procedures, the main electrical switch detection and bottles at the bottle simultaneously detect mobile, the main motor to every week, just to the corresponding Jiugang Have a bottle of, PLC unit within the internal correspondence that 60 bottles of the unit for the M500 ~ M559, the number of units by the first letter K is set to K60, with each change in a second letter K is set to K1, M50 Reaction of the empty bottles in the short position, and detect the location of the motor speed to go on the frequency shift in the corresponding unit within the built-in "1" or "0", control valves and the corresponding mixing caps The motor stopped and opened. Continuous detection system in place after the 90 empty bottles, stop stirring caps the motor running, testing the number of bottles in accordance with the user's requirements can be arbitrary.A bottle of detection. Rotary Jiugang through pressure to back pressure with the bottle of liquor in the process of empty bottles in the back-pressure, because the bottle itself may crack and other reasons leading to a sudden burst bottles, which need to detect the location of unexploded bottle bottle, in this bottle - The position opened purge solenoid valves, compressed air out, broken bottles at the bottle-blowing from the position in a row after the purge and several bottles of the electromagnetic valve open jet, a high-pressure spray Shuizhu, in the break Bottle position around a few bottles of spray bottles in a row.Detection of broken bottles and bottle-detection switch simultaneously detect movement of breaking bottles, to the main motor of each week, precisely corresponding Jiugang passed a bottle of, PLC unit within the internal correspondence that 20 broken bottles at the unit for the M600 ~ M619, unit With the number of the first letter K is set to K20, with each change in a second letter K is set to K1, M52 response to the location of the broken bottles and detected the location of the motor speed to the frequency shift continue, In the corresponding unit within the built-in "1" or "0", control and the corresponding jet purge solenoid valve opened and stopped. Continuous Spray and purge solenoid valve open to listen, time stopped in accordance with technological requirements can be arbitrary.System security is to control access to the caps simultaneously tracking, not onlyaccurately detect the electrical switching speed detection, the broken bottles into the bottle and detection switch detection switch three conditions.970GOT human-computer touch-screen terminals operated by the software company's Mitsubishi GT WORKS package, which is a GT Designer with the entire GOT9000 series of graphics software packages. The package is simple, prior to a personal computer simulation on the configuration and debug, after the man-machine operators to download terminals. At the same time, because the man-machine interface and a touch-screen role, will set common switch on the screen to facilitate the operation. And also to increase the number of features, such as setting alarm information.4After transformation control systemSystem at the normal operation of the machine for automatic control, in accordance with bottles into and out of the bottle for lack or slow pace set by running into the bottle stall bottles, no less than a bottle cap, automatic washing bottles burst, filling automatic back-pressure position , Covered under the system automatically lose covered a stop and safety protection, such as the coordination of action interlock. All the original button after the operation of the touch screen on.5Detection of the state control system monitoringDetection switch into the bottle and break bottles detection switch bottles of pressure by testing each part of the small metal plates above the location of a photoelectric pulse output, a further PLC acquisition, as each bottle of the pressure above the small metal plates is the location of activities , In the machine running after some time, some pressure above the small bottles of iron tablets and detection switch in the location of displacement, resulting in detection switch mistaken judgement, if not for the judgement of bottles of bottles, bottle explosion Lou Jian, misuse, such as the seizure of output errors So that the PLC have mistaken action, such as a back-pressure, unexploded bottle blowing, washing, stirring cap control systemmalfunction, such as failure phenomenon.Before the transformation of the daily production process, encountered this phenomenon, the operatives could only switch to the various functional or manual control buttons reach the stall so that the equipment work in the absence of monitoring state, the machine lost control function. Caused a lot of production of raw materials such as gas, water, wine waste. Only in the production of intermittent, can be fitter and maintenance electrician in accordance with the detection of small switch on the light-emitting diodes and anti-displacement by adjusting the distance only 5 ~ 8 mm detection switch installation location, and switch to fix detection of small metal plates Gap. This means of detection is very backward, after adjustment reaction to the results, timely response can not be adjusted results.In view of this testing situation, after the transformation of the filling, Gland control system configuration, this part of a new detection and integration in human-computer touch screen, complete bottle of detection.In human-computer touch screen interface on the page display, respectively, at customs, such as electromagnetic motor mixing valve switch state are in different colors to show, very intuitive.Increase the system's functions is to ensure the irrigation of the machine-Gland normal operation of automated control system specifically designed to.6 Concluding remarksAfter the transformation of the control system will greatly simplify the complicated mechanical structure, the running and control of inspection, the degree of automation systems meet the design requirements, greatly reducing the operational strength of the labor so that the shrub-like beer output than in the past Raising more than 30 percent, greatly reduce the failure rate. Embodies the modern equipment of automatic control technology. In the digestion and absorption of today's industrial control on the basis of advanced technology innovation, development of domestic technology from the most advanced filling control system.啤酒灌装、压盖机PLC控制系统1. 引言啤酒生产过程分为麦芽制造、麦芽汁制造、前发酵、后发酵、过滤灭菌、包装等几道工序。

自动售货机的PLC控制论文

毕业设计（论文）专业：自动化（电气的运行与控制）题目：自动售货机的PLC控制目录摘要 (4)绪论 (6)1.1 自动售货机设计目的和意义 (6)1.2自动售货机的发展历史和前景 (7)1.3自动售货机的PLC控制设计原理 (8)1.4 自动售货机设计的基本思路 (9)第2章PLC的概述 (10)2.1 PLC的定义 (10)2.2 PLC的简介 (10)2.3 PLC的工作原理 (10)2.4 PLC的循环扫描工作 (11)2.5 PLC的编程语言 (12)2.6 PLC的特点 (12)2.7PLC的硬件组成 (13)第3章自动售货机PLC控制设计方案研究 (15)3.1工控机自动售货控制系统 (15)1）机箱采用钢结构，有较高的防磁、防尘、防冲击的能力。

(15)2）机箱内有专用底板，底板上又IPC和ISA插槽。

(15)3）机箱内有专门电源，电源有较强的抗干扰能力。

(15)4）要求具有长时间工作能力。

(15)3.2 PLC自动售货控制系统 (15)3.3 自动售货机设计的基本思路 (16)3.4 自动售货机设计的主要内容 (16)第4章自动售货机PLC控制（系统）设计 (17)4.1 PLC各I/O地址分配 (17)4.2什么是梯形图（LAD） (19)4.3投入货币累加显示电路 (19)4.4自动售货机设计的梯形图 (21)4.5 MCGS组态程序设计说明 (28)4.6调试结果、调试中出现的问题及解决方法 (29)结论 (31)致谢 (32)参考文献 (33)绪论自动售货机最早出现在二十世纪五、六十年代的西欧，英国是较早实行自动售货机售货的国家之一。

1942年，在食品销售中首先推广了自动售货的销售方式。

1950年。

英国食品杂货行有500家采用自动售货机售货。

1969年，采用自动售货机售货的商家增加到23000家，销售的商品扩展到文化用品、唱片、香烟、食品等多个方面。

进入70年代后，约有40多万家香烟、饮料店采用自动售货机。