最新托福高分语法讲解精选集

合集下载

托福 TOEFL IBT GRE GMAT 必备语法高效总结

托福 TOEFL IBT GRE GMAT 必备语法高效总结

形容词+补足语:(构成形容词短语)形容词+介词短语:A jacket similar to yoursDarwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.形容词+不定式短语:Parents eager to support their children’s efforts形容词+动名词短语:A waiter busy serving the guests形容词+that:If a diamond is heated without oxygen , it will turn to graphite , a form of carbon so soft that it is used as a lubricant.多形容词并列修饰:(后置)We can easily point to inequalities, social and economic, but there is still a deep-seated belief that, no matter what his wealth or his job, each man is fundamentally equal with every other.多形容词与“形容词+补足语”并列:John was a ranchman, big, quiet, unlettered, and strong as horse.The+最高级+of+所属范围:Certain zoologists regard crows the most intelligent of birds. Of all metals, gold is the least useful.of属格的逻辑语义关系:主谓关系:从右往左翻译(不及物动词)The arrival of my mother动宾关系:从左往右翻译(及物动词)America’s invasion of Iraq同位关系:(二者互相说明)The city of RomeThe news of the team’s victory基本句型:(一)主语+系动词+表语系动词:链接主语和后面成分的词表语:又称主语补足语,在动词后面补充说明主语性质的成分(名词、形容词)Learning English is very important.He became a teacher.The leaf will turn yellow in autumn.简单句叠加为复杂难句:(定语复杂化)✓Vitamins are organic compounds.✓Vitamins are organic compounds necessary for the normal growth of life. (添加形容词短语)✓Vitamins are organic compounds necessary for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man. (形容词短语复杂化)✓Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man. (介词短语插入)(二)主语+谓语(不及物动词)+【状语】状语:用来修饰说明动作发生的原因、方式、地点、时间的成分(副词、介词短语)They shouted loudly(方式状语)He died at home (地点状语)He died in 2007(时间状语)简单句叠加为复杂难句:(定语从句复杂化)✓This trend began during the Second World War.✓This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to this conclusion. (定语从句)✓This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to this conclusion that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail. (添加同位语从句)✓This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands thata government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannotgenerally be foreseen in detail. (添加定语从句) (make demands of 对…提出要求)(三)主语+谓语+宾语These children are playing football.简单句叠加为复杂难句:✓The emphasis helped to obscure the great importance.✓The emphasis given by both scholars and statesman helped to obscure the great importance. (分词短语作定语)✓The emphasis given by both scholars and statesman to the presumed disappearance of the American frontier helped to obscure the great importance. (介词短语作定语)✓The emphasis given by both scholars and statesman to the presumed disappearance of the American frontier helped to obscure the great importance of changes in the conditions an consequences of international trade. (介词短语作定语)✓The emphasis given by both scholars and statesman to the presumed disappearance of the American frontier helped to obscure the great importance of changes in the conditions an consequences of international trade that occurred during the second half of the nineteenth century. (添加定语从句)(四)主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(双宾语)间接宾语:人,动作的接受者。

托福语法高分要点(完全整理版)概要

托福语法高分要点(完全整理版)概要

目录第一章名词 (2第二章形容词 (13第三章副词 (19第四章介词 (23第五章动词 (28第六章代词 (41第七章简单句 (45第八章并列句 (50第九章主从复合句 (54第十章时态 (62第十一章一致原则 (65第十二章倒装 (69第十三章被动语态 (72第十四章常考关于It的句式 (74 第十五章虚拟语气 (77第一章名词正确区分可数名词与不可数名词、正确选择可数名词单复数、名词之前的限定词与名词数(单复数之间的关系以及名词在句子中承担的成分是TOEFL中常考的内容第一节可数名词考点一单复数可数名词与不可数名词的典型区别在于前者有单数和复数两种形式。

TOEFL考试中经常在不可数名词后面加了s,变为复数形式,其实这是再考你辨别可数名词和不可数名词的能力。

TOEFL中还经常考可数名词是采用单数还是复数, 这往往要通过句意或者其他的一些指示词来辨别。

例如:various colors(various是各种各样的,后面当然要用复数形式下面我们会讲一下复数形式。

复数形式简而言之就是在单数词尾加-s,但实际上细分起来还有一些具体的规则:1.结尾是s, o, x, ch, sh 的词, 加-es, 如:buses, tomatoes, faxes, matches, brushes2.结尾是“辅音字母+y”的词, 去掉y加-ies, 如: factory-factories3.结尾是f, fe的词, 去掉f, fe加-ves, 如: half-halves, knife-knives4.结尾是o, f 的词也有一些加-s, 如: photos, beliefs, chiefs例题:(1 Flower have long been cultivated and bred for their beauty and their fragrance.A B C D答案:A应改为:Flowers解释:表泛指时,可数名词可用不定冠词加单数或直接用复数,因谓语是复数,故改为复数(2 Doctor are discovering that there is a strong psychological component to chronicA B C Dpain.答案:A应改为:Doctors解释:表泛指时,可数名词用冠词加单数或直接用复数,因谓语动词是复数,故名词也用复数考点二复数形式特例这部分主要考察学生对特殊复数形式的记忆,作为考题并不过多的出现,但是在题干中的出现率却非常高,因此熟悉下列一些词的复数形式有助于理解题意1.单复数词形相同如: people, fish, Chinese(某国人, aircraft, means, series, species,sheep, deer, aircraft 等2.外来词保留了原来的复数形式, 这一点需要重点掌握, 如:basis-bases analysis-analyses crisis-crisesmedium(媒体-media datum(数据-data curriculum(课程-curriculalarva(幼虫-larvae criterion(标准-criteria phenomenon(现象-phenomena3.通常只以复数形式出现的词语, 如:clothes trousers compasses(圆规 scales(天平 savings(储蓄,statistics(统计数据, headquarters(总部,4.复数形式有特殊意义的词语, 如:goods(货物, manners(礼貌, troops(军队, authorities(当局5 不规则的名词复数child - children mouse - mice louse - licetooth - teeth foot - feet6.注意:有一些结尾是-s的词, 但是要当作单数看待, 如: physics, politics, mathematics是表示学科的不可数名词例题:(1 With the incorporation of jazz history into current academic curricula, leadingA B Cjazz musicians are now founding on the faculties of several universities.D(2Like some other running birds, the sanderling lacks a back toe and has a three-toed feetA B C D答案:D应改为:foot解释:feet是foot的复数形式, 不定冠词a 之后应接可数名词的单数, 故将feet 改为单数词汇:sanderling: 三趾滨鹬第二节限定词名词究竟要用单数还是复数, 与名词之前的限定词有很大关系, 限定词通常分如下几类:1.之后肯定接单数:a /an, every, one, another, each, either, this, that, such a, many a, etc.例句:Each of them has two books.You can read either book. (两本书你可以随便读一本2.之后肯定接复数:these, those, many, such, other,大于one的数词(ten, hundred, thousand, million…,a few /few /fewer /fewest, a (great /good / large /small number of, several,one of, all (of, some /any (of, most(of, a lot of, lots of, the rest of, plenty of3.之后既可接单数又可接复数: the, no, his, her, their, my, etc注意:这几类词大多不能同时使用考点一否定限定词no(1 no既可用于可数名词复数前又可用于单数前, 表示否定意义. 例如:No flowers in the garden. 花园里没有花.No one is here.(2 no与否定副词not的区别是改错题的常见考点。

托福长难句120句解析

托福长难句120句解析

托福长难句120句解析一、句子解析1. The professor's lecture was so convoluted that it was difficult for the students to follow.解析:这个句子中,convoluted意为“复杂的”,表示教授的讲座内容非常复杂,以至于学生很难理解和跟随。

2. Despite her extensive preparation, she struggled with the difficult questions on the exam.解析:这个句子中,despite意为“尽管”,表示尽管她做了大量的准备工作,但仍然在考试中遇到了困难的问题。

3. The author uses a series of rhetorical questions to engage the reader and provoke thought.解析:这个句子中,rhetorical questions意为“修辞性问题”,表示作者使用了一系列的修辞性问题来吸引读者并引发思考。

4. The government's decision to increase taxes was met with widespread opposition from the public.解析:这个句子中,met with意为“遭遇”,表示政府增税的决定受到了公众的广泛反对。

5. The new technology has the potential to revolutionize the way we live and work.解析:这个句子中,has the potential to意为“有潜力”,表示新技术有潜力彻底改变我们的生活和工作方式。

6. The company's profits have plummeted as a result of the economic downturn.解析:这个句子中,plummeted意为“暴跌”,表示由于经济衰退,公司的利润暴跌。

托福雅思写作高分语法规则

托福雅思写作高分语法规则

托福雅思写作高分语法规则规则1修饰语(描述事物的单词或短语)应靠近其修饰的单词或短语。

示例:Purchased last week, the new preparation materials helped the student study.常见错误:Purchased last week, the student studied with her new preparation materials.规则2确保代词指代一个特定的名词,并与其指代名词的单数或复数形式保持一致。

示例:The professor is a favorite at the university, but he is now taking a semester off.常见错误:The professor is a favorite at the university, but they were now taking a semester off.规则3牢记句子主语,确保主语始终与动词保持一致。

示例:Each of the authors involved in writing the book was a sociologist.常见错误:Each of the authors involved in writing the book were sociologists.规则4当一个句子中存在两个或多个并列成分时,应使用同类语法形式。

示例:The teacher thought he was a good student because he turned in his papers on time, tested well on exams and appeared enthusiastic.常见错误:The teacher thought he was a good student because he turned in his papers on time, tested well on exams and his enthusiasm was high.规则5当主语是动作的执行者时,选择主动语态(而非被动语态)。

托福考试必备托福英语语法整理

托福考试必备托福英语语法整理

托福考试必备托福英语语法整理托福考试必备托福英语语法参与托福考试必备的,英语语法学问点,趁现在就把握它吧。

下面是学习啦我给大家整理的托福英语语法,供大家参阅!托福英语语法:一般现在时的用法1)、常常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。

时间状语:every, sometimes, at, on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.2)、客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。

The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.3)、表示格言或警句中。

Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

留意:此用法假如消失在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

例:Columbus proved that the earth is round..4)、现在时刻的状态、力量、性格、共性。

I dont want so much.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。

再如:Now watch me,I switch on the current and stand back. 其次句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。

托福英语语法:一般过去时的用法1)、在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。

时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。

Where did you go just now?2)、表示在过去一段时间内,常常性或习惯性的动作。

【备考基础】托福语法实例讲解之副词修饰动词

【备考基础】托福语法实例讲解之副词修饰动词

【备考基础】托福语法实例讲解之副词修饰动词对于中国学生来说,其实英语语法并不是离我们很远的一个事情。

因为,在我们开始涉及因为学英语的时候,老师就教导着我们背单词、学语法。

在以下这些内容中我们将以一些实例讲解为大家详细分析托福语法的内容,希望能为大家的托福备考带来帮助。

副词修饰动词例如:You can’t possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词)It’s inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词)Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式)改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别例题:(1)In the United States,sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the 1870’s or thereabouts.应改为:commercially解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词producehttp,需改为副词(2)According to anthropologists,the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----,with sloping foreheads and protruding brows.(A) facially(B) their faces(C) having facial(D) they had faces答案:A解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词,已有了宾语chimpanzees,之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语,B、D可先排除;facial是形容词,不能作have的宾语,因此C肯定不对;A是副词,恰好修饰动词作状语。

托福语法解析汇总

托福语法解析汇总

托福语法解析汇总托福语法解析:填空题做题方法一、填空题的特点填空题的特点是句子给的很长,句中挖一个空(缺少一部分内容),考生需要从四个选项中选出一个正确的选项(选项内容填到句中使句子语法结构意思都正确)。

在托福语法部分的40道题目中,填空题占15道。

二、填空题的解题步骤填空题的解题步骤分为两步:读题和解题。

下面我们把读题和解题分开来讲解。

(一)读题做填空题,读句子是首当其冲的事情。

这里需要先解决一个问题,看到的填空题解题时,是只读空格附近的内容,还是整句全读?有些学生认为那些结构很复杂的句子没有必要全读,怕这样浪费时间,影响做题的速度。

因为句子中缺少的只有一个部分,只要读这个空前后的一段话就可以判断出来。

其实,这种做法虽然可以解决一些简单的问题,但是得不偿失的。

因为主谓不全的句子在填空中非常多,所以只读空格及周围的信息是不合适的。

一定要全句通读,从全句的角度来看空中缺少的成分。

在托福考试中,填空题的特点是:难度比改错题小,但信息量比改错题大。

因此,在解题前,一般而言,填空题要从头到尾先读一遍。

但是第一次读句子的目的并不是为了把句子的内容全读懂,而是要读出句子的大概结构来。

这里需要一种能力:不管给你一个多长的句子,马上快速找出它的主干,即找出句子的主语,谓语动词和宾语。

这里主要是针对填空题来说的,改错题不是这样读。

改错题的详细解题步骤我们下一章会详细说明。

填空比改错读的应该多。

(二)具体的解题步骤在读完题后,就要进行正式的解题过程了。

填空题的解题步骤共有三步。

但并不是每一道题目三个步骤都要用到。

这三个步骤就像三个解题法宝一样。

先用第一步去解,如果不灵了,再用第二步。

还不行,就要用第三步杀手锏了。

这种做题方法的优点是在保证正确率的前提下最大限度地节省了思考时间并加快了做题的速度。

1.第一步:考虑句子完整性问题考虑句子的完整性,换句话说就是看句子主谓宾全不全。

如果不全肯定是空中缺的内容在句中做主谓宾中的一种成分。

托福阅读语法技巧:形容词+动词不定式

托福阅读语法技巧:形容词+动词不定式

托福阅读语法技巧:形容词+动词不定式为了帮助大家更好地理解托福阅读,下面小编给大家带来托福阅读语法技巧:形容词+动词不定式,希望对大家有所帮助。

托福阅读语法技巧:形容词+动词不定式带星号的形容词也可与that从句连用,有时that…should更常见。

在B-E节中句子用it引导的结构。

如果it+be…前的动词是find(发现)/think(想)/be-lieve(相信)等,有时可将that及动词be省略:He found that it was impossible to study at home.相当于:He found it impossible to study at home.他觉得不可能在家学习。

1 it+be+形容词(+of+宾语)+动词不定式结构主要与下列各类形容词连用:(a)表示性格的有:brave(勇敢的),careless(粗心的),cow-ardly(怯懦的),cruel(残酷的),generous(大方的),good(好的),nice(=kind善良的),mean(吝啬的,卑鄙的),rude(粗鲁的),selfish(自私的),wicked(邪恶的),wrong(不对的)等。

与否定动词或疑问动词连用的有:fair_公正的)/just_(正义的)/right_对的)。

(b)表示智能的有:clever(聪明的),foolish(愚蠢的),idiotic_呆痴的),intelligent(有才智的),sensible(有见识的),silly(傻的),stupid(愚蠢的)。

此外,absurd_荒谬的),ludicrous_荒.唐的),ridiculous_(滑稽的)和unreasonable_不合理的)有时也可这样使用。

It was kind of you to help him.你帮助了他,真好心。

It was stupid(of them) to leave their bicycles outside.(他们)真傻,居然把自行车放在外面了。

托福语法辅导解析题汇总

托福语法辅导解析题汇总

托福语法辅导解析题汇总托福语法辅导解析题11. A symbol of freedom,the Statue of Liberty represents a woman has just escapedA Bfrom the chains of slavery,which lie at her feet.C DKey:B分析:第一步分析空前后的关系,发现谓语动词represents与has just冲突,所以has前面应该加who才对。

必要知识点:考点是谓语单一原则。

has此处和主句represents谓语重复,需要变成定语从句,改正:woman has à woman who has参考译文:自由的象征,自由女神像表现了一个刚从躺在她脚边的奴隶枷锁中逃出的妇女。

2. The southwestern portion of the United States is a land of little rain,and parts ofA Bit are too dry that they are called deserts.C DKey:C分析:第一步分析空前后的关系,发现that,首先想到so 。

that,所以这里C出现问题。

必要知识点:考点是固定结构。

so。

that结构也是语法中常考的,经常会把so替换为too,as等。

改正:too à so.参考译文:美国的西南部分是一个少雨地带,其一部分地区因为太干而被称为沙漠。

3. Seneca chief Corn-planter helped arrange treaties between many United States settlerA Band Native American tribes in western Pennsylvania after the American Revolutionary War.C DKey:B分析:第一步分析空前后的关系,发现many,所以在此首先想到后面的词应该是复数才对。

Eytfyvc新托福综合写作高分十大句型

Eytfyvc新托福综合写作高分十大句型

-+懒惰是很奇怪的东西,它使你以为那是安逸,是休息,是福气;但实际上它所给你的是无聊,是倦怠,是消沉;它剥夺你对前途的希望,割断你和别人之间的友情,使你心胸日渐狭窄,对人生也越来越怀疑。

—罗兰新托福综合写作高分十大句型发布:北京雅思培训学校点击数:发布时间:2010-1-23 16:18:32十大经典句型博得新托福综合写作高分第一,定语从句。

这应该算是写作中最常用的一种句型之一。

适当地运用定语从句可以给你的文章增色不少。

例如,下面的这两个句子用上定语从句马上就变成了一个漂亮的复杂句。

Bad books contain evil thoughts. In them, there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex. source:veduchina→ Bad books, in which there might be much description ab out violence, superstition, and sex, contain evil thoughts.第二,状语从句。

在写作当中运用的最多的是以下五种状语从句,即原因状语从句,让步状语从句,条件状语从句,时间状语从句和目的状语从句。

1. 原因状语从句:常由because, as, since和for引导Eg: Nonetheless, I am still in favor of space travel, for its merits far outweigh demerits.尽管如此,我还是赞成太空探险,因为它的好处远远大于坏处。

2. 让步状语从句:常由although, though, even though/ if, as long as和notwithstanding引导Eg: Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.尽管这一观点被广泛接受,很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。

托福独立写作开头段高分写法思路实例解析

托福独立写作开头段高分写法思路实例解析

托福独立写作开头段高分写法思路实例解析俗话说,好的开头是胜利的一半。

这句话在托福的独立写作中也同样适用。

今日我给大家带来了托福独立写作开头段高分写法思路实例解析,盼望可以关心到大家,下面我就和大家共享,来观赏一下吧。

托福独立写作开头段高分写法思路实例解析托福独立写作开头段常用绽开方式介绍一篇托福作文的开头段假如写的好,往往能够瞬间吸引考官眼球,留下良好的第一印象。

而想要写好开头段,选择正确的话题绽开方式尤为重要。

因此,我们要做到开门见山,明确写作话题和目的,一般来说以下这些写法考生比较简单把握,也能够起到很好的明确作用:1. 提出争议性话题,引发争论式激发读者思索;2. 用数据来说话,即以事实来陈述;3. 以报告讨论引出话题;4. 呈现该话题正反方的观点;5. 引用名人名言、谚语等作为文章的开头;6. 对将要争论的话题进行定义。

除了实行正确的绽开方式外,开头段的另一个高分精髓在于对句式的运用。

假如开头段大家就一味使用简洁句,难免会给人一种缺乏句式使用力量的印象,全部由简洁句构成的开头段也会让读者觉得比较寡淡缺乏足够的吸引力。

因此,我建议大家在开头段的写作中,合理运用复合句,当然考生要留意不能轻易犯语法错误,在保证语法正确句式通顺的前提下使开头段显得简洁明白,规律清楚。

托福独立写作开头段写法实例解析接下来,我就通过对两道托福写作真实考题的开头段实例来为大家做详细解析:例子1题目:Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big city. Which place would you prefer to live in? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.思路分析:对于这样的话题,我们可以采纳第四种方法,呈现出正反方的观点。

托福考试语法试题及答案详解

托福考试语法试题及答案详解

托福考试语法试题及答案详解托福考试语法试题及答案详解11. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.A. in diseaseB. that diseaseC. of diseaseD. about disease答案:B分析:动词believe 的用法:直接加that引导的宾语从句。

这里that为连接adv.,在句中不作任何成分,其后接完整句。

参考译文:大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。

2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ a t the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.A. she was the first woman to conductB. the first woman conductorC. the woman was first conductingD. the woman conducts first答案:B分析:缺宾语,答案中只有B,D可以作宾语,但D的语序不对。

参考译文:1976,Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。

one to do sth补充: 常考 the first/second/3. On January 7, 1955, Marian Anderson became _________to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House.A. the first African AmericanB. the first African American wasC. she was the first African AmericanD. when the first African American答案:A分析:缺宾语,C, D都不能作宾语。

toefl长难句200例精讲与精练

toefl长难句200例精讲与精练

Toefl长难句200例精讲与精练导言托福(T OE FL)考试中,长难句是阅读和听力部分常见的难点之一。

掌握长难句的解读和运用对于备考者来说至关重要。

本文将提供200个精选的长难句例题,并进行深入解析和练习,帮助考生更好地掌握托福长难句。

第一部分:例题解析1.1长难句例题1高考英语试卷中,“I t is+被强调部分+th a t/wh o+其他部分”的句型非常常见。

请分析下面这个例句:>I ti st he sh ee rs cal e of th eI nt er ne t's i nf lu en ce th at mak e si ts or e ma rk ab le.这个句子的主干是“t he sh ee rs ca le of t he In te rn et's inf l ue nc e”,而主语是整个句子的强调部分。

1.2长难句例题2在阅读中,遇到由一个“主语从句”和一个“宾语从句”组成的句子结构时,要注意从属连词的引导和从句中的主谓一致。

请分析下面这个例句:>I ti si mp or ta nt tha t st ud en ts un de rst a nd th ei mp or ta nce o ft im em a na ge me nt if th eyw a nt to su cc ee d.这个句子的主句是“I t is im po rt an t”,从句是“t ha ts tu de nt su nd e rs ta nd th ei mp ort a nc eo ft im em an age m en ti ft he y wa nt to su cc ee d”,注意从句中的主谓一致现象。

1.3长难句例题3有时候,长难句会通过添加让步状语从句来增加句子的复杂度和意义。

请分析下面这个例句:>D es pi te be in gt ire d,I de ci de dt og ofo r ar un.这个句子中,“D esp i t e be in gt ir ed”是一个让步状语从句,它表达了尽管疲倦,但我还是决定去跑步的意思。

托福语法指导整合

托福语法指导整合

托福语法指导整合词性混淆误用始终是TOEEL考题中最重要的命题形式,我整理了关于真题要点解析的语法指导,下面我就和大家共享,来观赏一下吧。

托福语法指导-词性变化及真题要点解析词性混淆常考题型及解题要点来源:考试大1. 并列连词and but or结构要求词性统一来源:考试大全真例题分析来源:考试大(1) Bigness. Boastful. And strong. Frontiersman Mike Fink was the subject of many folk tales. (93.3)[答案] A 并列连词and连接三个形容词,故(A)Bigness应改为Big。

(2) The success of a naval ship is determined by its seaworthiness, speedy ,and maneuverability. (92.10)[答案] D 并列连词and连接三个名词,而speed是形容词,故应改为speed。

(3) Regulation of public utilities in the United States is carried out by locally state and federal governments. (92.5)[答案] D 并列连词and连接三个形容词性质的词,共同修饰后面的中心词governnenrfs 。

而locally是副词,应改为local。

来源:考试大(4) In Middle Ages. Books called bestiaries were prepared in an attempt to describe animals, real or imagine, that exemplified human traits. (92.5)[答案] B 并列连词or前面是形容词real。

之后亦应是形容词imaginary。

新东方TOEFL复习笔记(第二部分:语法笔记)2

新东方TOEFL复习笔记(第二部分:语法笔记)2

*在TOEFL中:____n.(pl.)+v.(sing),⼀般空格内优先选doing (讲义 31)n)make结构:(讲义31 32)make+obj+宾补 obj:n/代词 宾补:n./adj.1) make+n1+n2 make the boy president (班长)2) make+n./代词+a. (新题 P78 11)make it unique it:真宾语3)make it possible to do it:形式宾语 (讲义 33)that +句⼦4)make sth possible sht:短宾语 possible宾补 make possible sth sth长宾语 possible宾补 (新题 32)o)the more…the more结构 标准句式:the more sub+v1 the more sub+v2!)对称性:结构中的n.前必须有限定词the more the +n1 the more the +n22)省略性:结构中相同的谓语可省,尤其是be动词可省3)倒装性:The more svo , the more svo .是⼀个复合句。

条件状从主句因此从句不能倒装,⽽主句(第⼆个the more)可倒装。

p)表结果的伴随状语从句结构:(讲义 36 37)svo,doing….伴随状语表结果:thus / thereby → svo,thus / thereby +doing…*thus / thereby 后不⼀定加doing*as f ar / long / early as 出现即为答案/many / muchq)adj短语做后置定语结构:(讲义 38 39) *==等价于定从的省略a door (close to the window) 省略which bea distance (equal to twice)n1+(a.+prep+n2) adj短语foods (high in fat) √leaves (rich in suger) √n1+which be(⽐较级+than+n2)相当于从句的省略a temperature (highter than 50C)r)adj级的省略结构:(讲义 40 41)the most improtant of all booksthe most elaborate of all birdneststhe+a.级+单数n. X +of 复数n. ⼀样错*单数n.必须省略,则the+a.级+of+n.(pl.)n.(可代替)→ ad. X / v.过去时X  a. n.(sing) of √ *the a.原级 of+ the restfulof Xthe poor of √s)不规则动词的过去式作谓语结构:(讲义 42 43)She set set-set-setIt cost cost-cost-costIt spread spread-spread-spreadt)规则动词的过去分词作后置定语结构(讲义 44-46)46条:Automatons programmed… ⾮谓语,整个句⼦少谓语lack a. be lack of vi. be lack invt. Sub+lack+obj*如何判断n+v-ed是谓语还是⾮谓语?eg:n+called call-called-calledWe called him Bush. 主动,过去式,谓语He was called Bush. 被动,过去分词,谓语…a boy called Bush? 被动,过去分词,后置定语根据主/被动确定,主动语态为过去式,被动语态为过去分词,被动式中有be即是⾮谓语。

新东方法笔记托福的指导

新东方法笔记托福的指导

新东方法笔记托福的指导新东方法笔记托福的指导新东方TOEFL复习笔记(第二部分:语法笔记)3改错部分:a.改错题做题要点:1.语法与句意并重,一定要通读全句2.一边读句意,一边思考划线部分的语法知识点是否正确b.改错题出题方向:一、名词:A、名词做定语的单复数问题:1.名词做定语,即n1修饰n2,n1必须为单数。

(讲义P110)atwenty-fourhourperiod√例外:agreetingscard √asavingsbank√acommunucationssatellite√asportscar√asalesgirl√asystemsengineering√2.manywoman修饰名词,单复数与后面的名词的单复数一致,比如:womenboxers(讲义P111)3.thehighsetscientificlabX achemicallabX amathmatics(n.)professor√abiologicaltextbookX当表示某一学科的教授、学生、教科书、实验室、系等教学要素,应该用名词修饰,而不是用形容词。

eg:aphysicsstudentthescientificandtechnicalfield(用形容词因为field不是教学要素)B、限定词与名词单复数:(讲义P14)1.some/any/all单复数均可,可数不可数均可如:somekind某一种 somekinds某些种sometime somemoneyanyofthebooks/so meofthebooks→any/some作代词Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?(想要得到肯定的回答) 2.Many+plMuch+/Λ/ (见讲义P13)Asmuchas2,000kms.√永远作单数Asmanyas50precentoftheincome.X precent/Λ/ Asmuchas50precentoftheincome.√2000kmsisalongdistance.√manyare…bymany… many也可以作prep(讲义P113)3.few/afew 可数,肯定(讲义P12)little/alittle不可数,否定(a)few+n.s4.each/every单数,可数eg eachtenboys√eachmajorstylesXeachmajorstyle√5.数词/several+pl.fiveaircraft√ severalsettings√several+n.s6.oneof+pl (讲义P17)among+pl (讲义P111)7.first/only/simple单/复数均可thefirstschool 第一所学校thefirstschools第一批学校theonlyuniversity唯一的大学theonlyuniversity唯一的几所大学single:asingle+n.(sing)/nosingle+n.(sing)也可pl:twosinglerooms8.another+sing(复数也可以,但不多)other+pl(单数也可以,但不多)anyother+singanothertwoboys otherpart ttheother+sing/planyotherstate=anyoftheotherstates9.Hundred/thousand/million数量词=数词+量词fivethousandspiecesX→fivethousandpiece (five:数词thousand量词)一亿本书:hundredmillionsbooksXhundredsmillionbooksXhundredsmillionsbooksX(a)hundredmillionsbooks√数量10.anumberof+pl+v(pl) (讲义P189)thenumberof+pl+v(sing)11.Various/diverse/numerous+pl.C、可数与不可数名词:1.常考的可数n. (讲义P235)achancediscovery一个偶然发现population:人口数/Λ/ 各地的人口数/c/ 人群/c/:asamplepopulationmakegreateffortstodocoloreffectsaclue一条线索anamountof+/Λ/2.常考的不可数名词: (讲义P101)a.流体:airsmokeoi lwater…b.总称名词:poetryfoliage… [集合名词:familypeoplepolice…+are]c.抽象名词:wisdomknowledgeinformation…d.自然现象:sunlightdarknessweatherrain…[但是:aheavyrain前有adj.,raindrop滴,可数]e.颗粒装物体:ricesaltparder(颗粒)…f.疾病:measlesmumpsdiaheties…g.学科:讲义P102 statistics:统计学,不可数;统计数据,可数3.常考的不规则单复数:(讲义P1034)*tooth划线,这个答案一定错。

托福语法强化班讲义

托福语法强化班讲义

托福语法强化班讲义第一节:名词1.1 可数名词与不可数名词- 可数名词有复数形式,例如:book - books- 不可数名词没有复数形式,例如:water1.2 名词所有格- 单数名词所有格的构成方法:名词 + 's,例如:Tom's book - 复数名词所有格的构成方法:名词 + ',例如:girls' books - 特殊名词所有格的构成方法:'s + 名词,例如:the United States' economy第二节:动词2.1 动词时态- 简单现在时:表示现在或经常性的动作,例如:I always play basketball on Sundays.- 简单过去时:表示过去的动作,例如:I played basketball yesterday.- 现在进行时:表示现在正在进行的动作,例如:I am playing basketball now.- 过去进行时:表示过去正在进行的动作,例如:I was playing basketball at 8pm last night.2.2 动词语态- 被动语态的构成方法:be + 过去分词,例如:The letter was written by Tom.第三节:形容词3.1 形容词的比较级和最高级- 比较级的构成方法:more + 形容词,例如:The red apple is more delicious than the green one.- 最高级的构成方法:the + 形容词 + est,例如:The red appleis the most delicious.3.2 形容词的位置- 形容词通常放在名词前面,例如:A beautiful flower.总结本强化班讲义简要讲解了名词、动词以及形容词的基本知识点,希望能对大家托福语法的学习有所帮助。

托福考试辅导:语法讲解(8)

托福考试辅导:语法讲解(8)

第五节所有格及of结构 考点⼀词尾加 's或 ' 的所有格 所谓名词所有格即表⽰名词之间所有关系的特殊结构, 其最普通的形式为: n. +'s, 如: my mother's coat, the headmaster's home, the president's office 如果原词结尾已有s, 则只要加 ' , 如: the students' union, the ladies' room 例题: (1) It is widely believed that the pull of gravity on a falling raindrop changes ----round shape into a teardrop shape. (A) of the drop (B) the drop's (C) drop of (D) drops their 答案: (B) 解释: 此句包含由that引导的宾语从句, 从句谓语动词changes的宾语不完整, 据选项推知需要⼀个和round shape 搭配的表所属关系的词组, (B) 恰好构成所有格形式. 若选(A), 语序应为the round shape of the drop; (C) 所属关系颠倒; (D) 结构混乱 (2) Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event's ---- is equal to the probability that it will not occur. (A) occurs (B) will occur (C) can occur (D) occurring 答案:D 解释:句中已有谓语动词, 's只可能是名词所有格的标志, 后⾯⾃然应接名词性的结构, D之外的选项均可⼀次性排除 考点⼆ of结构 所有格主要⽤于有⽣命的个体(⼈、国家或动物), 那么⼤多数⽆⽣命的物质或抽象概念间的所有关系,或者说凡是不能够加's的名词,都可⽤of结构构成短语来表⽰所有关系, 需要注意of前后都是名词(包括代词和动名词) 如: the title of the passage 例如: (1) James Whistler was indifferent to the titles of his painted and even changed the names of some works years after their completion. 应改为: paintings 解释: of 之前是名词, 后⾯也需要⼀个名词共同构成表⽰所有关系的结构, 将分词painted改为名词, 这个词组的意思为他的画的题⽬ (2) Muscular motion is caused by the stimulate of specific nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. 应改为: stimulation 解释: 定冠词the之后需要名词与of+n.(specific nerve cells)结构搭配表⽰所属关系, stimulate是动词, 应改为名词形式.。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

最新托福高分语法讲解精选集第一章名词正确区分可数名词与不可数名词、正确选择可数名词单复数、名词之前的限定词与名词数(单复数)之间的关系以及名词在句子中承担的成分是TOEFL中常考的内容第一节可数名词考点一单复数可数名词与不可数名词的典型区别在于前者有单数和复数两种形式。

TOEFL考试中经常在不可数名词后面加了s,变为复数形式,其实这是再考你辨别可数名词和不可数名词的能力。

TOEFL中还经常考可数名词是采用单数还是复数,这往往要通过句意或者其他的一些指示词来辨别。

例如:various colors(various是各种各样的,后面当然要用复数形式)下面我们会讲一下复数形式。

复数形式简而言之就是在单数词尾加-s,但实际上细分起来还有一些具体的规则:1.结尾是s,o,x,ch,sh的词,加-es,如:buses, tomatoes,faxes,matches,brushes2.结尾是“辅音字母+y”的词,去掉y加-ies,如: factory-factories3.结尾是f,fe的词,去掉f,fe加-ves,如:half-halves, knife-knives4.结尾是o,f的词也有一些加-s,如:photos,beliefs, chiefs(1)Flower have long been cultivated and bred for their beauty and their fragrance.A B C D答案:A应改为:Flowers解释:表泛指时,可数名词可用不定冠词加单数或直接用复数,因谓语是复数,故改为复数(2)Doctor are discovering that there is a strong psychological component to chronicA B C Dpain.应改为:Doctors解释:表泛指时,可数名词用冠词加单数或直接用复数,因谓语动词是复数,故名词也用复数考点二复数形式特例这部分主要考察学生对特殊复数形式的记忆,作为考题并不过多的出现,但是在题干中的出现率却非常高,因此熟悉下列一些词的复数形式有助于理解题意1.单复数词形相同如:people,fish,Chinese(某国人),aircraft,means, series,species,sheep,deer,aircraft等2.外来词保留了原来的复数形式,这一点需要重点掌握,如:basis-bases analysis-analyse s crisis-crisesmedium(媒体)-media datum(数据)-data curriculum(课程)-curricula larva(幼虫)-larvae criterion(标准)-criteria phenomenon(现象)-phenomena3.通常只以复数形式出现的词语,如:clothes trousers compasses(圆规)scales(天平)savings(储蓄), statistics(统计数据),headquarters(总部),4.复数形式有特殊意义的词语,如:goods(货物),manners(礼貌),troops(军队), authorities(当局)5不规则的名词复数child-children mouse-mice louse-licetooth-teeth foot-feet6.注意:有一些结尾是-s的词,但是要当作单数看待,如:physics,politics,mathematics是表示学科的不可数名词例题:(1)With the incorporation of jazz history into current academic curricula,leadingA B Cjazz musicians are now founding on the faculties of several universities.D(2)Like some other running birds,the sanderling lacks a back toe and has a three-toedA B Cfeet.D答案:D应改为:foot解释:feet是foot的复数形式,不定冠词a之后应接可数名词的单数,故将feet改为单数词汇:sanderling:三趾滨鹬第二节限定词名词究竟要用单数还是复数,与名词之前的限定词有很大关系,限定词通常分如下几类:1.之后肯定接单数:a/an,every,one,another,each,either,this,that,such a,many a,etc.例句:Each of them has two books.You can read either book.(两本书你可以随便读一本)2.之后肯定接复数:these,those,many,such,other,大于one的数词(ten,hundred,thousand,million…), a few/few/fewer/fewest,a(great/good/large /small)number of,severalone of,all(of),some/any(of),most(of),a lot of,lots of,the rest of,plenty of3.之后既可接单数又可接复数:the,no,his,her,their, my,etc注意:这几类词大多不能同时使用考点一否定限定词no(1)no既可用于可数名词复数前又可用于单数前,表示否定意义.例如:No flowers in the garden.花园里没有花.No one is here.(2)no与否定副词not的区别是改错题的常见考点。

二者的区别在于:no直接修饰名词,不能与其他限定词同时出现;not一般出现在be动词或助动词之后,a,an,any等限定词之前,它是否定式的组成要素,而不是名词的限定词例题:(1)The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is----clearly understood.(A)none(B)no(C)not(D)nor答案:C解释:此句主谓完整,据选项可知空白处需填入合适的词使原句变为否定,只有否定副词not可以和is配合构成否定句,A、B、D之后都需要名词词组,不符题意(2)Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until1933,whenA B CFrances Perkins became secretary of labor.D答案:A应改为:No解释:Not是否定副词应置于be动词或助动词之后,且它与单数名词间需加冠词,而no是形容词,可以直接修饰后面的名词考点二their等物主代词1.物主代词是常见的名词限定词,其后既可接可数名词的单复数(his pen,his pens)又可接不可数名词(his time),但不可与其他的限定词同时出现(部分数词除外),例如:不能说no my car,my no car,但是可以说My two red cars2.英语中许多习惯用法在表示特指时都用物主代词而不用the,为的是更突出所属关系,这在TOEFL中是一个常考的点例如:Manufacutrers of consumer goods often change the styles of their products.这里用their而不用the例题:(1)A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid the habits that might shortenA B Cthe lives.D答案:D应改为:their解释:定冠词the指代不清,用物主代词their作名词lives的限定语更符合英语习惯,还可突出lives与people之间的所属关系(2)A liquid is similar to a gas because has molecules are not fixed to each other in anyA B Cspecific way.D答案:B应改为:its解释:has是动词,不能修饰名词,且与从句的谓语冲突,依句意改为物主代词its作molecules的限定语考点三只接复数名词的限定词a(large/small/great/considerable/remarkable) number of,a variety of,a set of,a few,等表示数的固定词组之后总是接复数名词例题:(1)In mathematical terms,modern algebra is set of objects with rules for connecting orA B Crelating those objects.D答案:B应改为:is a set解释:a set of是固定词组,表示一套、一组,后面接可数名词的复数,与题中objects吻合(2)At birth,an infant exhibits a remarkable number of motor response.A B C D答案:D应改为:responses解释:短语a number of后面要求接可数名词的复数, number前可加某些形容词如great,considerable, remarkable,small等表示a lot of或a few注意“the number of”和“a number of”的区别The number of boys in Class Five is25.(五班男孩的数目是25,后面谓语动词用单数)A small number of families are able to afford an apartment.(少数家庭能够买得起一套住房,)第三节冠词作限定词冠词是一个虚词,本身不能够独立使用,必须和一个名词连用。

TOEFL出题主要集中在a和an的区别,那些地方要加the那些地方不加。

考点一不定冠词a/an不定冠词a和an后面当然接单数,a和an的主要区别是:a用于以辅音开头的名词前(指发音而不是拼写),如: a tower,a universityan用于以元音开头的名词前(指发音而不是拼写),如: an orange,an hour不定冠词a/an与可数名词单数连用,表示泛指“一个”、“某一个”,有时还可代表一类人或事物.在作表语或同位语的可数名词单数前一般都要加不定冠词(除非名词前已有物主代词作限定语,如my pen).例题:(1)How Native Americans developed corn is a puzzling, for no wild corn has everA B Cbeen discovered,and it grows only where people plant and tend it.D答案:B有错应改为:puzzle.解释:不定冠词a应与可数名词单数连用,puzzling是分词,不能单独与a连用,故改为名词puzzle(2)Whether a healthy adult tends to feel hungry two, three,or four times a daily is aA B CDquestion of physiology and of culture.答案:D有错应改为:day解释:不定冠词a应与可数名词单数连用,而daily是形容词,不能单独与a连用,故改为名词day (3)Pewter,a metal with an ancient heritage,is still practical medium for theA B C nonprofessional metal worker.D答案:C应改为:still a practical解释:medium是可数名词,在句中作表语,其单数之前应该用不定冠词a,an的误用是TOEFL常见的改错题型例题:(1)A emotion is not necessarily aroused by something in the outside world.A B CD答案:A应改为:An emotion解释:emotion是元音开头的名词,前面的冠词应用an(2)If a atom loses any of its electrons,it becomes positively charged and can combineA BCchemically with other atoms.D答案:A应改为:an atom解释:atom是元音开头的名词,前面的冠词应用an考点二定冠词the定冠词限定名词时主要表示特指,针对TOEFL应注意以下几点:(1)the和可数名词单数连用,表示一类人或物,如:the fern(蕨类),the wallflower(2)序数词之前必须用the,如:the first woman,the nineteenth century但前面有物主代词时除外,如my first baby(3)形容词最高级之前必须用the(有物主代词时除外),如:the largest city,the most advanced technology (4)of连接的名词前多用the,如:the development of the watch,(5)世界上独一无二的东西前应加the,如:the globe(地球),the equator(赤道),the moon,the sun 在下列情况下,一般不用the:(1)表示人名、地名、国家名等专有名词前,一般不加,如:Dennis Chavez(人名),Alaska(地名),English(英语),February(二月),America(美国)但是在表示海洋、海峡、江、河、山脉、群岛等专有名词时要加上thethe Great Lakes(美国五大湖),the Changjiang River(长江)(2)无特指的不可数名词前,如:algebra(代数学),advertising,accounting(会计学)(3)表示类别的复数名词前,如:Historians believe that…,Amphibians(两栖动物)hatch from…(4)一些固定词组中,如:in history,in nature,at work,at home,go to school, go to bed,in bed乘车的词组:by train(乘火车),by car(乘汽车),bybicycle(骑脚踏车),by bus(乘公共汽车),by land(由陆路),by sea(由海路),by water(由水路),by air(通过航空)on foot(步行),by plane(乘飞机),by ship(乘船),打球的词组:play tennis,play baseball,play basketball注意:表示职位的词之前的冠词有无均可,如:He was elected(the)chairman of the committee.例题:(D)Historically,----chief material for making furniture has been wood,but metal and stone have also been used.(A)it was the(B)that the(C)there was a(D)the答案:D解释:空格后是主谓句,A、C可先排除,B使原句只有从句没有主句,只剩下D可选,D是定冠词作名词material的限定词,表特指(2)The Yukon River,which flows into the Bering Sea, gives its name to a region ofABAlaska and a territory of the Canada.C D答案:D应改为:of解释:Canada是国名,属专用名词,之前不能加定冠词(3)The development of professional sports in the United States dates back toA BCnineteenth century.D答案:D应改为:to the nineteenth解释:nineteenth是序数词,之前应加the第四节不可数名词英文中常把抽象名词和物质名词视为不可数名词,而其划分的标准往往与汉语的习惯不同,因此是学习英文的一个难点,也是TOEFL中常出现的题型抽象名词如:(不可触及的东西,表示动作、状态、品质、感情等)如:news(新闻),information(信息), population(人口),English(英语),music(音乐),management(管理),enthusiasm(热情)work(工作),happiness(高兴)还有表达学科类的名词如:physics物理,politics政治学,mathematics数学,mechanics力学,statistics(统计学)bioloby(生物学)物质名词如:equipment(装备),chalk(粉笔),glass(玻璃), grass(草),jewelry(珠宝)wood(木头)考点一与可数名词的显著区别1.不可数名词没有复数形式,其数的表示必须通过“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”的结构或一些特定的限定词,如:a sheet of steel(一片钢),a piece of furniture(一件家具),two pieces of work(两份工作)an item of news(一条新闻)2.不可数名词不能直接出现在不定冠词a,an之后不能够说:an advice(一个建议),而应该说a piece of advice3.当表示一类事物时,可数名词可以通过加a,an、加复数、或加定冠词the等方式,而可数名词一般直接用原形表示种类例题:(1)Historians believe that some forms of an advertising must be as old as barter andA B CDtrade.答案:C应改为:advertising解释:advertising是不可数名词,不能加冠词词汇:barter:实物交易考点二限定词不可数名词的限定词和不可数名词原形连用,下面这些限定词后面一定跟不可数名词:much,a large amount of,a great deal of,a wealth of(大量的、丰富的)little/a little/less/least,a piece/sheet/slice/bar of,属不可数名词专用例题:(1)Because they are generally taken simply to obtain a recognizable and relatively clearAB Cimage,most nonprofessional photographs demand few equipment.D答案:D应改为:little.解释:equipment是不可数名词,不能用few修饰,应改为和其对应的little(2)Data received from two spacecraft indicate that there is many evidence that hugeABthunderstorms are now occurring around the equator of the planet Saturn.C D答案:B应改为:much evidence解释:many是复数名词的限定词,而evidence是不可数名词,应用much作限定词另外一些词(词组)如such,some/any(of),most(of),a lot of,lots of,the rest of,plenty of等既可接可数名词又可接不可数名词。

相关文档
最新文档